Deuteronomy 32:32

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

כי כִּי־

for

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כי

kîy

Definition

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

Root

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent;

Exhaustive

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed; and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-) though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3588

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כִּי

masculine noun • Root כוה • Strongs / High • Page 690

A prick, mark, stigma; a brand.

כִּי

relative conjunction • Root כי • Strongs / High • Page 690

A pronominal root used as a relative conjunction. 1. usually a relative particle, that, quod, to denote the relation of the preceding to the following clause, such as in indirect and direct speech.

כִּי

particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 691

A versatile particle with several primary meanings. 1. As a conjunction, it can introduce an exclamation, a question, or an emphatic confirmation, and is sometimes translated as 'that'. 2. As a relative particle of time, it means 'when', 'if', 'since', 'as', 'as often as'. 3. As a causal particle, it means 'because' or 'for'. 4. As a particle of consequence, it can mean 'so' or 'then'.

כִּי

conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 692

A relative conjunction with a wide range of meanings depending on context. Causal: 'for', 'because'. Adversative: 'but', 'nay but', 'nay for', 'no', 'but yes', 'but indeed', 'but yet'. Comparative: 'but now'. Concessive: 'although'. Consequential: 'for which reason'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כִּי

m. subst. • Root כוה • Page 314

I. a mark burnt in, a brand, stigma. Is. 3: 24.

כִּי

primitive particle • Page 314

II. Probably a relative pronoun, i. q. אֲשֶׁר (Gen. 4:25). Used as a conj.: 1. that (Gen. 1:4). 2. for, because (Gen. 3:14). 3. if (Ex. 3:21). 4. when (Hos. 11:1). 5. yet, although (Ps. 116:10). 6. but (Gen. 45:8). 7. yea rather (Ps. 44:23). 8. often used at the beginning of a proposition (Zech. 3:8). 9. at the beginning of the apodosis (Gen. 22:17).

Particle

LXX: ὅτι γὰρ ἐὰν διότι ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H3588a:

ὅτι 2030× (53.1%)

γὰρ 394× (10.3%)

ἐὰν 276× (7.0%)

διότι 259× (6.8%)

--- 158× (4.1%)

ἀλλ' 114× (2.9%)

'' 76× (1.7%)

ὅταν 55× (1.4%)

καὶ 49× (1.3%)

γάρ 44× (1.2%)

מגפן מִגֶּפֶן

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

גפן

gephen

Definition

a vine (as twining), especially the grape

Root

from an unused root meaning to bend;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to bend; a vine (as twining), especially the grape; vine, tree.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1612

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גֶּפֶן

noun • Root גפן • Strongs / High • Page 336

comm. a vine, grape-vine.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

גֶּפֶן

com. gen. • Page 145

1. Vine, grape-vine (Num. 6: 4, Hos. 10: 1). Extended to similar plants like 'wild cucumber' (2 K. 4: 39). 2. The fruit of the vine (2 K. 18: 31, Is. 36: 16).

Prep-M, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: ἄμπελοσ ἄμπελον ἀμπέλου ὡσ ἄμπελοι

LXX Usage Statistics

H1612:

ἄμπελοσ 18× (28.3%)

ἄμπελον 14× (22.0%)

ἀμπέλου 10× (15.8%)

ὡσ 5× (8.0%)

ἄμπελοι 4× (6.5%)

ἀμπέλοισ 2× (2.5%)

d? 2× (2.5%)

ἀμπέλῳ 2× (2.4%)

סדם סְדֹם

Scorched (Sodom)

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

סדם

Çᵉdôm

Definition

Sedom, a place near the Dead Sea

Root

from an unused root meaning to scorch; burnt (i.e. volcanic or bituminous) district;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to scorch; burnt (i.e. volcanic or bituminous) district; Sedom, a place near the Dead Sea; Sodom.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5467

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

סָדַם

stem • Root סדה סלם • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1009

(Not used) a stem adopted for the proper name סְדֹם. Preferred root comparison is Arab. סלם to enclose/surround.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

סְדֹם

proper name • Page 469

Sodom, the southern-most of the four cities in the vale of Siddim which were sunk in the Dead Sea.

Noun proper name

LXX: σοδομων σοδομα ὡσ σοδομοισ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5467:

σοδομων 18× (42.1%)

σοδομα 16× (36.3%)

ὡσ 4× (9.5%)

σοδομοισ 4× (8.1%)

גפנם גַּפְנָם

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

גפן

gephen

Definition

a vine (as twining), especially the grape

Root

from an unused root meaning to bend;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to bend; a vine (as twining), especially the grape; vine, tree.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1612

הם

Definition

their, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9028

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גֶּפֶן

noun • Root גפן • Strongs / High • Page 336

comm. a vine, grape-vine.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

גֶּפֶן

com. gen. • Page 145

1. Vine, grape-vine (Num. 6: 4, Hos. 10: 1). Extended to similar plants like 'wild cucumber' (2 K. 4: 39). 2. The fruit of the vine (2 K. 18: 31, Is. 36: 16).

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine plural

LXX: ἄμπελοσ ἄμπελον ἀμπέλου ὡσ ἄμπελοι

LXX Usage Statistics

H1612:

ἄμπελοσ 18× (28.3%)

ἄμπελον 14× (22.0%)

ἀμπέλου 10× (15.8%)

ὡσ 5× (8.0%)

ἄμπελοι 4× (6.5%)

ἀμπέλοισ 2× (2.5%)

d? 2× (2.5%)

ἀμπέλῳ 2× (2.4%)

ומשדמת וּמִשַּׁדְמֹת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שדמה

shᵉdêmâh

Definition

a cultivated field

Root

apparently from H7704 (שדה);

Exhaustive

apparently from שדה; a cultivated field; blasted, field.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7709

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שְׁדֵמָה

noun feminine • Strongs / High • Page 1387

f. same as אֲדָמָה, a field, a field of fruits and fells of the field, hence grain, a vineyard; young seed. In 2 Kings 19, 26, it obviously stands for שָׂרֵפָה.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שְׁדֵמָה

noun feminine • Page 656

Blighted grain. Is. 37: 27. Equivalent to שְׁדֵפָה in 2 K. 19: 26.

שְׁדֵמָה

noun feminine • Page 656

A field. Jer. 31: 40; 2 K. 23: 4; Deut. 32: 32; Is. 16: 8; Hab. 3: 17. Plural form שְׁדֵמוֹת.

Conjunction, Preposition, Noun common feminine plural construct

LXX: πεδία

LXX Usage Statistics

H7709:

πεδία 2× (25.0%)

עמרה עֲמֹרָה

She-Has-Bound-Sheaves

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עמרה

ʻĂmôrâh

Definition

Amorah, a place in Palestine

Root

from H6014 (עמר); a (ruined) heap;

Exhaustive

from עמר; a (ruined) heap; Amorah, a place in Palestine; Gomorrah.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6017

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עֲמֹרָה

noun proper • Root עמר • Strongs / High • Page 1109

(rent, fissure, incision in the earth, from עָמַר III.) Proper name of one of the four cities in the vale of Siddim, which was submerged (Gomorrah).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עֲמֹרָה

proper name • Page 515

Gomorrah, the proper name of one of the four cities in the vale.

Noun proper name

LXX: γομορρασ γομορρα ὡσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6017:

γομορρασ 9× (46.0%)

γομορρα 9× (43.5%)

ὡσ 2× (10.5%)

ענבמו עֲנָבֵמוֹ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ענב

ʻênâb

Definition

a grape

Root

from an unused root probably meaning to bear fruit;

Exhaustive

from an unused root probably meaning to bear fruit; a grape; (ripe) grape, wine.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6025

הם

Definition

their, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9028

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עֵנָב

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1109

A ripe grape, properly a round berry; eaten dried or fresh, or pressed for wine; also refers to wild grapes.

Noun common masculine plural construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine plural

LXX: σταφυλῆσ σταφυλὴν σταφυλὴ σταφυλήν

LXX Usage Statistics

H6025:

σταφυλῆσ 6× (28.5%)

σταφυλὴν 6× (24.9%)

σταφυλὴ 4× (18.0%)

σταφυλήν 2× (9.8%)

ענבי עִנְּבֵי־

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ענב

ʻênâb

Definition

a grape

Root

from an unused root probably meaning to bear fruit;

Exhaustive

from an unused root probably meaning to bear fruit; a grape; (ripe) grape, wine.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6025

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עֵנָב

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1109

A ripe grape, properly a round berry; eaten dried or fresh, or pressed for wine; also refers to wild grapes.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX: σταφυλῆσ σταφυλὴν σταφυλὴ σταφυλήν

LXX Usage Statistics

H6025:

σταφυλῆσ 6× (28.5%)

σταφυλὴν 6× (24.9%)

σταφυλὴ 4× (18.0%)

σταφυλήν 2× (9.8%)

רוש רוֹשׁ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ראש

rôʼsh

Definition

a poisonous plant, probably the poppy (from its conspicuous head); generally poison (even of serpents)

Root

or רוש; (Deuteronomy 32:32), apparently the same as H7218 (ראש);

Exhaustive

or רוש; (Deuteronomy 32:32), apparently the same as ראש; a poisonous plant, probably the poppy (from its conspicuous head); generally poison (even of serpents); gall, hemlock, poison, venom.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7219

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רֹאשׁ

noun • Strongs / High • Page 1330

Poppy (reference to DEUT. 32, 32).

רֹאשׁ

noun / masculine • Root ראש • Strongs / High • Page 1311

1. Prop. skull; hence head, of men or animals. 2. Metaphor of things: the point, summit, capital, scepter, the highest. Fig. principal, highest (as of oil or feelings), a prince, king, principal person. The sum, total, multitude. The foremost, first, beginning.

רֹאשׁ

noun masculine • Root ראש • Strongs / High • Page 1312

1. Source of a river; beginning, commencement (of time). 2. Poison (רוֹשׁ), poisonous berries/water; fig. viciousness.

רֹאשׁ

noun proper • Strongs / High • Page 1312

n. p. of a people (Rosh) belonging to the Scythian king Gog, dwelling in the high north (identified by some classical writers with Russians/Roxolani).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רָאשׁ

adjective • Page 602

poor. See רוּשׁ.

רֹאשׁ

noun masculine • Root ראש ראש • Page 603

1. a head. —נָתַן בְּרֹאשׁ to let come on the head of any one, Ezek. 9: 10, 11: 21. בְּרֵאשֵׁינוּ with the danger of our heads, 1 Chr. 12: 19. 2. the first or highest in its kind. Hence (1.) a head, chief, leader (1 Sam. 15: 17, Ex. 6: 14, 25). (2.) a chief city, metropolis (Josh. 11: 10). (3.) the highest place, first rank—כֹּהֵן הָרֹאשׁ the high-priest (2 Chr. 19: 11). (4.) the top or highest part, as of a mountain (Gen. 8: 5), of a tower (Gen. 11: 4). Metaphorically רֹאשׁ שִׂמְחָה the highest joy (Ps. 137: 6). 3. the first; e. g. רֹאשׁ הַחֳדָשִׁים the first month (Ex. 12: 2). 4. the sum, the whole number (Lev. 5: 24, Ps. 119: 160). 5. a company, multitude, host (Judg. 7: 16, 1 Sam. 11: 11).

רֹאשׁ

prop. er name • Page 603

Proper name of a Scythian people, mentioned in connexion with Meshech and Tubal, in the northern parts of Asia Minor (Ezek. 38: 2, 3. 39: 1). The Byzantine writers speak of a rude and savage people about the northern Taurus, called Pōs, (Russians?).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: χολῆσ θυμὸν

LXX Usage Statistics

H7219:

χολῆσ 4× (31.4%)

θυμὸν 2× (15.1%)

אשכלת אַשְׁכְּלֹת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אשכול

ʼeshkôwl

Definition

a bunch of grapes or other fruit

Root

or אשכל; probably prolonged from H810 (אשך);

Exhaustive

or אשכל; probably prolonged from אשך; a bunch of grapes or other fruit; cluster (of grapes).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H811

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֶשְׁכּוֹל

noun • Root אשך • Lemma_Lookup • Page 754

A word derived from אֶשֶׁךְ.

Noun common feminine plural absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0811:

No stats available

מררת מְרֹרֹת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מררה

mᵉrôrâh

Definition

properly, bitterness; concretely, a bitter thing; specifically bile; also venom (of a serpent)

Root

or מרורה; from H4843 (מרר);

Exhaustive

or מרורה; from מרר; properly, bitterness; concretely, a bitter thing; specifically bile; also venom (of a serpent); bitter (thing), gall.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4846

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מְרֵרָה

noun feminine • Root מרר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 912

1. gall. 2. poison. 3. harshness, of unripe grapes. 4. anything bitter, harsh; hence hard punishment.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מְרֹרָה

noun feminine • Root מרר • Page 409

verbal from מָרַר; gall. Job 16:13.

Adjective adjective feminine plural absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H4846:

No stats available

למו לָמוֹ׃

unto themselves

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

הם

Definition

them, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9038

Preposition -For/Into Art, Suffix pronominal third person masculine plural

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
For their vine from the vine of Sodom, And from the fields of Gomorrah: Their grapes the grapes of poverty, The clusters of bitterness to them.

LITV Translation:
For their vine is of the vine of Sodom, and their grapes of the fields of Gomorrah, grapes of gall; they have bitter clusters.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
For their vine is of the vine of Sodom, And their vine-branch of Gomorrah: Their grape is a grape of gall, Their cluster is one of bitterness.