Deuteronomy 32:2

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

יערף יַעֲרֹף

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ערף

ʻâraph

Definition

to droop; hence, to drip

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to droop; hence, to drip; drop (down).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6201

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עָרַף

verb • Root ערף • Strongs / High • Page 1137

I. To flow, to run; hence to pour out, to drop down. Metaphorically: to be juicy, fresh, vigorous, youthful.

עָרַף

verb • Root ערף • Strongs / High • Page 1137

II. To be or become dark, obscure.

עָרַף

verb • Root ערף • Strongs / High • Page 1137

III. To incline, to bend, to nod, of the neck, nape, or joints generally.

עָרַף

verb • Root ערף • Strongs / High • Page 1137

To turn the back (i.e., to despise, flee). Denominative transitive: to un-neck, to break the neck (of an animal), to kill, to destroy.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עָרַף

i. v. • Page 529

i. q. רָעַף to drop. Deut. 32: 2. 33: 28.

עָרַף

ii. v. denom. from עֹרֶף • Root ערף • Page 529

1. to break the neck of an animal, to decollate. Ex. 13: 13. 34: 20. Deut. 21: 4, 6. Is. 66: 3. 2. metaphorically to throw down, (an altar.) Hos. 10: 2.

Verb Qal imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H6201:

No stats available

כמטר כַּמָּטָר

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כ

kə

Definition

like, as

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix Derived terms כאשר‎ (ka'ashér) כמו‎ (k'mó) כמות‎ (k'mót) כש־‎ (k'she-)

Exhaustive

(kaph) — as / like / according to

Core value: correspondence, patterning, resonance
כ never asserts identity. It asserts alignment.
- likeness,
- proportionality,
- conformity to a form.
Aonically, כ signals phase-alignment, not comparison.
not “like X in appearance” but “operating according to the same pattern as X.”
This is why prophetic and poetic language leans heavily on כ: it encodes structural analogy across layers, not metaphor.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מטר

mâṭar

Definition

rain

Root

from H4305 (מטר);

Exhaustive

from מטר; rain; rain.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4306

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מָטַר

verb • Root מטר • Strongs / High • Page 841

(Kal not used) intransitive verb meaning to be wet, moist; to drop, to rain. Nifal: נִמְטַר (to be rained upon). Pual: מֻטַּר (to be rained upon).

מָטַר

verb • Root מטר • Strongs / High • Page 842

To cause to rain, to rain; metaphorically, to shoot down, to cast down.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מָטַר

verb • Root מטר • Page 371

To rain. Kal not used; Hiphil הִמְטִיר to cause to rain (Gen. 7: 4); Niphal to be rained upon (Am. 4: 7).

מָטָר

noun masculine • Root מטר • Page 372

Rain. (Ex. 9:33; Job 37:6).

Preposition -Like Art, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ὑετὸν ὑετὸσ ὑετόν ὑετόσ ὡσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4306:

ὑετὸν 14× (31.0%)

ὑετὸσ 9× (18.1%)

ὑετόν 6× (13.4%)

ὑετόσ 3× (7.3%)

ὡσ 3× (6.9%)

ὥσπερ 3× (6.9%)

---% 3× (6.2%)

ὑετοῦ 3× (5.4%)

לקחי לִקְחִי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

לקח

leqach

Definition

properly, something received, i.e. (mentally) instruction (whether on the part of the teacher or hearer); also (in an active and sinister sense) inveiglement

Root

from H3947 (לקח);

Exhaustive

from לקח; properly, something received, i.e. (mentally) instruction (whether on the part of the teacher or hearer); also (in an active and sinister sense) inveiglement; doctrine, learning, fair speech.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3948

י

Definition

my, personal posessive - noun suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9020

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֶקַח

noun / masculine • Root לקח • Strongs / High • Page 792

The receiving, learning, instruction received, wisdom, doctrine, principles; law.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֶקַח

m. verbal • Root לקח • Page 349

1. doctrine (Prov. 4:2. Deut. 32:2). 2. speech generally (Job 11:4). 3. knowledge (Prov. 1:5. 9:9. Is. 29:24). 4. fair speech, flattery, by which one captivates another (Prov. 7:21).

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H3948:

No stats available

תזל תִּזַּל

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נזל

nâzal

Definition

to drip, or shed by trickling

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to drip, or shed by trickling; distil, drop, flood, (cause to) flow(-ing), gush out, melt, pour (down), running water, stream.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5140

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָזַל

verb • Strongs / High • Page 958

1. to flow down, to run down, to stream down, of water; to overflow, with accus. of the thing: of tears, rain, like verbs of flowing elsewhere; figur. of the flowing of language, of the diffusion of fragrant odour. 2. (not used) to turn in, to descend or alight.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָזַל

verb • Root נזל • Page 435

To run, to flow; spoken of the place from which anything runs; to dissolve, melt. (Num. 24:7, Ps. 147:18, Cant. 4:16, Jer. 9:17, Is. 45:8, Job 36:28, Judg. 5:5, Is. 64:1, 3)

Verb Qal imperfect third person feminine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H5140:

No stats available

כטל כַּטַּל

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כ

kə

Definition

like, as

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix Derived terms כאשר‎ (ka'ashér) כמו‎ (k'mó) כמות‎ (k'mót) כש־‎ (k'she-)

Exhaustive

(kaph) — as / like / according to

Core value: correspondence, patterning, resonance
כ never asserts identity. It asserts alignment.
- likeness,
- proportionality,
- conformity to a form.
Aonically, כ signals phase-alignment, not comparison.
not “like X in appearance” but “operating according to the same pattern as X.”
This is why prophetic and poetic language leans heavily on כ: it encodes structural analogy across layers, not metaphor.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

טל

ṭal

Definition

dew (as covering vegetation)

Root

from H2926 (טלל);

Exhaustive

from טלל; dew (as covering vegetation); dew.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2919

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

טַל

noun masculine • Root טלל • Strongs / High • Page 560

1. Dew, prop. moisture, supposed to drop from the heavens. Image of the blessings of heaven and quickening or freshness/vigour. 2. A protection, screen (only in proper names).

טַל

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 560

The same (dew).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

טַל

noun masculine • Page 263

a dew, which in the east sometimes resembles a gentle rain. Gen. 27: 28, 39.

טַל

chald. • Page 263

idem (dew). Dan. 4: 12 [15.]

Preposition -Like Art, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: δρόσοσ δρόσου ὡσ ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H2919:

δρόσοσ 16× (38.3%)

δρόσου 8× (19.1%)

ὡσ 6× (16.0%)

'' 4× (9.6%)

אמרתי אִמְרָתי

I have spoken/my discourses

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אמרה

ʼimrâh

Definition

{something said}

Root

or אמרה; feminine of H561 (אמר), and meaning the same

Exhaustive

or אמרה; feminine of אמר, and meaning the same; {something said}; commandment, speech, word.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H565

י

Definition

my, personal posessive - noun suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9020

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אִמְרָה

noun feminine • Root אמר • Strongs_Numbers • Page 157

Word, speech (same as אֶמְרָה).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אִמְרָה

noun feminine • Root אמר • Page 59

word, speech, only poet. (Deut. 32:2; Gen. 4:23; Ps. 12:7, etc.).

אֶמְרָה

noun feminine • Root אמר • Page 59

word, speech, idem. (Lam. 2:17).

Noun common feminine singular construct, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0565a:

No stats available

כשעירם כִּשְׂעִירִם

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כ

kə

Definition

like, as

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix Derived terms כאשר‎ (ka'ashér) כמו‎ (k'mó) כמות‎ (k'mót) כש־‎ (k'she-)

Exhaustive

(kaph) — as / like / according to

Core value: correspondence, patterning, resonance
כ never asserts identity. It asserts alignment.
- likeness,
- proportionality,
- conformity to a form.
Aonically, כ signals phase-alignment, not comparison.
not “like X in appearance” but “operating according to the same pattern as X.”
This is why prophetic and poetic language leans heavily on כ: it encodes structural analogy across layers, not metaphor.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שעיר

sâʻîyr

Definition

a shower (as tempestuous)

Root

formed the same as H8163 (שעיר);

Exhaustive

formed the same as שעיר; a shower (as tempestuous); small rain.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8164

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כַּאֲשֶׁר

particle / adv. • Root אשר • Page 80

(1.) *according to what, as*; (2.) *as if*; (3.) *because*; (4.) *when*. References include Gen. 7:9, 34:12, Job 10:19, Num. 27:14, Mic. 3:4.

Preposition, Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H8164:

No stats available

עלי עֲלֵי־

upon/upon me/against myself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

על

ʻal

Definition

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Root

properly, the same as H5920 (על) used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as על used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications; above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5921

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַל

adjective / noun • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

Highest; same as עֶלְיוֹן. This form is abridged from עָלָה and derived from עָלַי (like יַד from יָדָה I.), serving as the construct form עֲלֵי (out of עֲלַאי).

עַל

preposition / adverb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

A preposition: upon, over, above, super, in the widest sense. It expresses protecting, covering, resting above upon (answering to 'where'); motion toward the upper surface (answering to 'whither?'); local direction to a more distant agency; or proximity/timing ('with, at'). Used figuratively as dat. commodi and incommodi, meaning a burden or duty upon one, or with certain verbs replacing the dative case. Also expresses motion down upon or up to, sometimes interchanging with אֶל.

עַל

preposition / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 1089

Preposition or Adverb meaning upon, over, at, above (denoting physical overtopping or mental superiority/dominion); expressing addition (to, reckoned to); proximity (by, around); suitability (according to); or occasionally used concessively (though, quanquam).

עַל

preposition / particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Properly, over, upon, concerning, notwithstanding, against, towards, for the sake of, on account of. Used to express position, antithesis, or distance (away from). After certain verbs, signifies giving way, removing, or fleeing. Also forms various compound particles (e.g., עַל-מָה, עַל-כֵּן, עַל אֲשֶׁר).

עַל

preposition (aramaic) • Root אלא • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew עַל. Means: Upon, over, on account of, unto, against, or dative. (Used with suffixes like עָלַי, עָלֵךְ, עֲלֵיהוֹן).

עַל

noun / prepos. • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה, listed as a noun and a preposition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַל

substantive / adverb / adjective • Root עלה • Page 507

Strictly a substantive meaning whatever is high or uppermost (Hos. 7:16, 11:7). Used as an adverb: (1.) 'above' (Gen. 27:39, 49:25; Ps. 50:4). Used as an adjective: (2.) 'high' (2 Sam. 23:1).

Preposition

LXX: ἐπὶ ἐπ' ἐφ' τοῦτο ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5921a:

ἐπὶ 1722× (33.1%)

ἐπ' 701× (13.4%)

ἐφ' 195× (3.7%)

τοῦτο 116× (1.9%)

'' 116× (1.9%)

περὶ 113× (2.2%)

ἀπὸ 108× (2.1%)

--- 108× (2.1%)

αὐτοὺσ 95× (1.6%)

εἰσ 93× (1.8%)

דשא דשֶׁא

a tender-sprout

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

דשא

desheʼ

Definition

a sprout; by analogy, grass

Root

from H1876 (דשא);

Exhaustive

from דשא; a sprout; by analogy, grass; (tender) grass, green, (tender) herb.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1877

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

דֶּשֶׁא

verb • Root דשא • Strongs / High • Page 380

Intransitive verb: to be fresh, young. Metaphorically: to sprout, to shoot.

דֶּשֶׁא

noun masculine • Root דשא • Strongs / High • Page 381

Young herbage, springing out of the earth.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

דֶּשֶׁא

noun masculine • Root דשא • Page 175

Young tender herb, different from עֵשֶׂב (a plant already in the seed). Mentioned in Gen. 1:11, 12; Deut. 32:2; Prov. 27:25.

דָּשָׁא

verb • Page 175

To wax green, to flourish (Joel 2:22). Hiph. To cause to flourish, to bring forth (Gen. 1:11).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: χλόησ βοτάνη βοτάνην χόρτοσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1877:

χλόησ 4× (23.1%)

βοτάνη 3× (16.5%)

βοτάνην 2× (11.6%)

χόρτοσ 2× (10.7%)

וכרביבים וְכִרְבִיבים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כ

kə

Definition

like, as

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix Derived terms כאשר‎ (ka'ashér) כמו‎ (k'mó) כמות‎ (k'mót) כש־‎ (k'she-)

Exhaustive

(kaph) — as / like / according to

Core value: correspondence, patterning, resonance
כ never asserts identity. It asserts alignment.
- likeness,
- proportionality,
- conformity to a form.
Aonically, כ signals phase-alignment, not comparison.
not “like X in appearance” but “operating according to the same pattern as X.”
This is why prophetic and poetic language leans heavily on כ: it encodes structural analogy across layers, not metaphor.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

רביב

râbîyb

Definition

a rain (as an accumulation of drops)

Root

from H7231 (רבב);

Exhaustive

from רבב; a rain (as an accumulation of drops); shower.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7241

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רְבִיבִים

m. prop. • Root רבב • Consonantal / Low • Page 1316

Prop. an overflow; hence rain, abundant showers (used only in plural).

Matched after stripping common prefixes

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כַּאֲשֶׁר

particle / adv. • Root אשר • Page 80

(1.) *according to what, as*; (2.) *as if*; (3.) *because*; (4.) *when*. References include Gen. 7:9, 34:12, Job 10:19, Num. 27:14, Mic. 3:4.

Conjunction, Preposition, Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: ὡσεὶ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7241:

ὡσεὶ 2× (19.8%)

עלי עֲלֵי־

upon/upon me/against myself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

על

ʻal

Definition

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Root

properly, the same as H5920 (על) used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as על used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications; above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5921

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַל

adjective / noun • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

Highest; same as עֶלְיוֹן. This form is abridged from עָלָה and derived from עָלַי (like יַד from יָדָה I.), serving as the construct form עֲלֵי (out of עֲלַאי).

עַל

preposition / adverb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

A preposition: upon, over, above, super, in the widest sense. It expresses protecting, covering, resting above upon (answering to 'where'); motion toward the upper surface (answering to 'whither?'); local direction to a more distant agency; or proximity/timing ('with, at'). Used figuratively as dat. commodi and incommodi, meaning a burden or duty upon one, or with certain verbs replacing the dative case. Also expresses motion down upon or up to, sometimes interchanging with אֶל.

עַל

preposition / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 1089

Preposition or Adverb meaning upon, over, at, above (denoting physical overtopping or mental superiority/dominion); expressing addition (to, reckoned to); proximity (by, around); suitability (according to); or occasionally used concessively (though, quanquam).

עַל

preposition / particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Properly, over, upon, concerning, notwithstanding, against, towards, for the sake of, on account of. Used to express position, antithesis, or distance (away from). After certain verbs, signifies giving way, removing, or fleeing. Also forms various compound particles (e.g., עַל-מָה, עַל-כֵּן, עַל אֲשֶׁר).

עַל

preposition (aramaic) • Root אלא • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew עַל. Means: Upon, over, on account of, unto, against, or dative. (Used with suffixes like עָלַי, עָלֵךְ, עֲלֵיהוֹן).

עַל

noun / prepos. • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה, listed as a noun and a preposition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַל

substantive / adverb / adjective • Root עלה • Page 507

Strictly a substantive meaning whatever is high or uppermost (Hos. 7:16, 11:7). Used as an adverb: (1.) 'above' (Gen. 27:39, 49:25; Ps. 50:4). Used as an adjective: (2.) 'high' (2 Sam. 23:1).

Preposition

LXX: ἐπὶ ἐπ' ἐφ' τοῦτο ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5921a:

ἐπὶ 1722× (33.1%)

ἐπ' 701× (13.4%)

ἐφ' 195× (3.7%)

τοῦτο 116× (1.9%)

'' 116× (1.9%)

περὶ 113× (2.2%)

ἀπὸ 108× (2.1%)

--- 108× (2.1%)

αὐτοὺσ 95× (1.6%)

εἰσ 93× (1.8%)

עשב עֵשֶׂב׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עשב

ʻeseb

Definition

grass (or any tender shoot)

Root

from an unused root meaning to glisten (or be green);

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to glisten (or be green); grass (or any tender shoot); grass, herb.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6212

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עָשֵׁב

verb • Root עשב • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1139

(II. not used) intr. prop. to shine, to glitter, hence to grow, to be green, of plants.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עֲשַׂב

chald. • Page 530

Herb (Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew עֵשֶׂב). References: Dan. 2:30; 4:21, 22, 29.

עֵשֶׂב

noun masculine • Page 530

An herb, and collectively herbs, particularly for fodder, or for the table. References: Gen. 1:11, 12; 2:5; 3:18; Ex. 10:12, 15.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: χόρτον χόρτοσ βοτάνην χόρτου ὡσεὶ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6212:

χόρτον 10× (24.0%)

χόρτοσ 7× (15.7%)

βοτάνην 5× (12.6%)

χόρτου 3× (7.5%)

ὡσεὶ 3× (7.5%)

χόρτον 2× (5.0%)

'' 2× (4.3%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
My doctrine shall drop as the rain; My word shall pour out as the dew, As the showers upon the herbage, And as the rains upon the green herb:

LITV Translation:
My doctrine shall drop as the rain; my speech shall drop down as the dew, as the small rain on the tender plant, and as the showers on the grass;

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
Let my speech be looked for as the rain, And my words come down as dew, As the shower upon the herbage, And as snow upon the grass.