Deuteronomy 32:18

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

צור צוּר

rock/cliff

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

צור

tsûwr

Definition

properly, a cliff (or sharp rock, as compressed); generally, a rock or boulder; figuratively, a refuge; also an edge (as precipitous)

Root

or צר; from H6696 (צור);

Exhaustive

or צר; from צור; properly, a cliff (or sharp rock, as compressed); generally, a rock or boulder; figuratively, a refuge; also an edge (as precipitous); edge, [idiom] (mighty) God (one), rock, [idiom] sharp, stone, [idiom] strength, [idiom] strong. See also בית צור.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6697

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

צוּר

verb • Root צור • Strongs / High • Page 1222

(not used) tr. to form or fabricate, of sculpture, especially of artificial figures; applied generally to the trade of a goldsmith. Fundamental meaning is to cut, form, fashion.

צוּר

verb • Root צור • Strongs / High • Page 1224

II. tr. 1. (not used) to cut, secare. 2. to form, fabricate, make (with metaphoric transference, e.g., to form in metal, or a vessel).

צוּר

verb • Root צר • Strongs / High • Page 1225

To go, to wander; also existing in הָלַךְ, הַר. In its organic root צר is connected with סָר, יָר. I.

צוּר

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1225

Refers to derivatives relating to form or shape. II.

צוּר

noun masculine • Root צור • Strongs / High • Page 1225

1. A stone, a rock, so called from its hardness. Fig. of God as a rock which gives safety, protection, refuge (Deut. 32, 4).

צוּר

noun masculine • Root צור • Strongs / High • Page 1225

An edge, sharpness (of the sword). Also form, shape (from צוּר II).

צוּר

noun proper masculine • Root צור • Strongs / High • Page 1225

Proper name meaning 'A rock, i. e. God.'

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

צוּר

verb • Page 566

I. To press, straiten, hence to besiege (a city).

צוּר

verb • Root צרר • Page 566

II. i. q. צָרַר to bind together.

צוּר

verb • Root יצר • Page 566

III. i. q. יָצַר to form, make.

צוּר

m. dec. i. • Page 566

I. 1. a rock. 2. a stone.

צוּר

noun masculine • Root צור , • Page 566

II. sharpness, edge.

צוּר

m. dec. i. form. • Page 566

III. form.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: πέτρασ πέτραν θεόσ θεὸσ φύλαξ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6697:

πέτρασ 14× (13.7%)

πέτραν 10× (10.9%)

θεόσ 7× (7.8%)

θεὸσ 5× (5.2%)

φύλαξ 4× (4.5%)

θεὸν 4× (4.3%)

ὡσ 3× (3.3%)

πέτρᾳ 3× (2.9%)

πετρίνασ 2× (2.4%)

πέτρα 2× (2.2%)

ילדך יְלָדְךָ

he has fathered/begotten yourself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ילד

yâlad

Definition

to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage; bear, beget, birth(-day), born, (make to) bring forth (children, young), bring up, calve, child, come, be delivered (of a child), time of delivery, gender, hatch, labour, (do the office of a) midwife, declare pedigrees, be the son of, (woman in, woman that) travail(-eth, -ing woman).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3205

ך

Definition

you, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 2nd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9031

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָלַד

verb • Root ילד • Strongs / High • Page 608

To bear, to bring forth, spoken of women giving birth to children, beasts bearing young, or birds laying eggs.

יָלַד

verb • Root ילד • Strongs / High • Page 609

To bear, bring forth (of a woman); to beget (of a father). Figuratively: to bring forth, make appear, cause to take place; to create, produce, appoint.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָלַד

verb • Root ילד • Page 283

1. to bring forth, as a mother (Gen. 4:1; Prov. 17:25). 2. to beget, as a father (Gen. 4:18; Ps. 2:7). 3. to lay eggs (Jer. 17:11). Includes stems: Niph. נוֹלַד (to be born, Gen. 4:18), Pi. יִלֵּד (to help to bring forth, as a midwife, Ex. 1:16), Pu. יֻלַּד (to be born, Gen. 10:21), and Hiph. הוֹלִיד (to cause to bring forth, Is. 66:9).

Verb Qal perfect third person masculine singular, Suffix pronominal second person masculine singular

LXX: ἐγέννησεν ἔτεκεν γεννῆσαι ἔτεκον ἐτέχθησαν

LXX Usage Statistics

H3205:

ἐγέννησεν 153× (30.2%)

ἔτεκεν 97× (18.6%)

γεννῆσαι 17× (3.0%)

ἔτεκον 11× (2.2%)

ἐτέχθησαν 9× (1.8%)

τικτούσησ 9× (1.6%)

ὡσ 8× (1.7%)

τεκεῖν 7× (1.3%)

τέξεται 7× (1.3%)

ἐγένοντο 7× (1.4%)

תשי תֶּשִׁי

yourself is setting

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שיה

shâyâh

Definition

to keep in memory

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to keep in memory; be unmindful. (Render Deuteronomy 32:18, 'A Rock bore thee, thou must recollect; and (yet) thou hast forgotten,' etc.)

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7876

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֲשְׁיָה

noun feminine • Root אשה • Lemma_Lookup • Page 199

Support, pillar (only plur. with suff. אַשְׁיוֹתֶיהָ). Jer. 50, 15.

בַּעֲשֵׂיָה

noun proper masculine • Root עשיה • Lemma_Lookup • Page 267

Proper name of a man.

יֹאשִׁיָּה

noun proper masculine • Root אשה • Lemma_Lookup • Page 570

A proper name, 'Jah is supporter'.

יֹאשִׁיָּהוּ

noun proper masculine • Root אשש • Lemma_Lookup • Page 570

A proper name, same as יֹאשִׁיָּה.

יַעֲרֶשְׁיָה

noun proper masculine • Root ערה • Lemma_Lookup • Page 629

Jah is the procurer of a habitation, i.e. a home-giver. A masculine proper name.

יִשְׁיָה

noun / proper / masculine • Root יש היה • Lemma_Lookup • Page 658

Jah is existing, living; a proper name.

מַעֲשֵׂיָה

masculine proper noun • Lemma_Lookup • Page 889

the same as מַעֲשֵׂי (the mighty deed of Jah). A proper name.

מַעֲשֵׂיָהוּ

masculine proper noun • Lemma_Lookup • Page 889

the same as מַעֲשֵׂיָה (the mighty deed of Jah). A proper name.

נְשִׁיָּה

noun feminine • Root נשה • Lemma_Lookup • Page 995

forgetfulness.

עֲשָׂיָה

noun proper masculine • Root עשה • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1141

Jah is Creator.

תּוּשִׁיָּה

noun feminine • Root ישע • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1507

What is firm, supporting, actual; hence support, help, power, ability, safety, insight, wisdom, counsel, prudent regulation, right, salvation.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שָׁיָה

verb • Root שיה • Page 668

To this root belongs Deut. 32:18. Interpreted as 'to leave' or 'to forget, forsake' (comp. Job 28:4).

Verb Qal imperfect second person masculine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H7876:

No stats available

ותשכח וַתִּשְׁכַּח

and yourself has forgotton

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שכח

shâkach

Definition

to mislay, i.e. to be oblivious of, from want of memory or attention

Root

or שכח; a primitive root;

Exhaustive

or שכח; a primitive root; to mislay, i.e. to be oblivious of, from want of memory or attention; [idiom] at all, (cause to) forget.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7911

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁכַח

verb • Root שכח • Strongs / High • Page 1419

To intermit, to neglect; to leave, to release, to leave behind; to forsake, to leave unheeded; generally to forget; to be unmindful of God.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שָׁכֵחַ

m. verbal adj. • Root שכח • Page 671

Forgetting, forgetful. Is. 65: 11. Plur. const. שְׁכֵחֵי Ps. 9: 18.

שְׁכַח

chald. v. • Root שכח • Page 671

To find.

שָׁכַח, שָׁכֵחַ

verb • Root שכח • Page 671

To forget. Is. 49: 14; Prov. 2: 17; Gen. 40: 23; Ps. 9: 13. Niph. to be forgotten. Gen. 41: 30; Ps. 31: 13. Pi. and Hiph. to cause to forget. Jer. 23: 27. Hithpa. to be forgotten. Ecc. 8: 10.

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect second person masculine singular

LXX: ἐπιλάθῃ ἐπελάθοντο ἐπελαθόμην '' ἐπελάθου

LXX Usage Statistics

H7911:

ἐπιλάθῃ 11× (9.6%)

ἐπελάθοντο 9× (7.6%)

ἐπελαθόμην 8× (7.1%)

'' 8× (5.8%)

ἐπελάθου 7× (5.6%)

ἐπελάθετο 5× (4.2%)

ἐπελάθοντό 4× (3.6%)

ἐπιλήσῃ 4× (3.6%)

ἐπιλάθωνται 4× (3.4%)

ἐπιλήσεται 4× (3.2%)

אל אֵל

toward

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אל

ʼêl

Definition

strength; as adjective, mighty; especially the Almighty (but used also of any deity)

Root

shortened from H352 (איל);

Exhaustive

shortened from איל; strength; as adjective, mighty; especially the Almighty (but used also of any deity); God (god), [idiom] goodly, [idiom] great, idol, might(-y one), power, strong. Compare names in '-el.'

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H410

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵל

pronominal stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Aramaic demonstrative pronoun, same as Hebrew II. in a variety of senses.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

God (used in proper names like טָבְאֵל).

אֵל

noun • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Used as a groundform for אַלִי.

אֵל

pronoun demonstrative • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Pronominal stem abridged from 'ela, a demonstrative vocable. Demonstrative pronoun plural 'these'. A stronger form than 'ela, namely 'elle. Often found with the article הָאֵל (these).

אֵל

pronoun • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Aramaic equivalent to the Hebrew אֵל II. Found only in Ezr. 5, 15 K'ri, for which the K'tib has אֵלֶּה synonymous with the Targumic אִלֵּךְ.

אֵל

noun masculine • Root איל אול • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

A very old Semitic name of the highest deity, which already appears in the pre-historic period: God. Stands both for the God of the Hebrews (Jehovah), gods of another nation, or idols. Also means 'strong' or 'mighty'.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 130

God, Deity; applied to the true God, pagan gods, or in proper names. Also denotes strength, might, or power (e.g., in the phrase 'it is in the power of my hand').

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Collateral form of pronoun demonstrative אֵל (these).

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Construct of אֶל I. (preposition 'to', 'towards').

אֵל

abbreviation • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

An abbreviation of God in proper names, e.g. אֶלְעָלָא, אֶלְזָבָד.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

אֵל

m. verbal / dec. i. a. • Root אול • Page 49

1. strong, mighty (Ezek. 31:11). 2. strength, power (Gen. 31:29; Prov. 3:27). 3. most frequently God, applied both to Jehovah and heathen gods (Is. 44:10).

אֵל

pronoun • Page 49

pronoun plural; i. q. אֵלֶּה [these]. Also appears in the form הָאֵל.

אֵל

chald. • Page 50

Chald. idem. Ezra 5:15 Keri.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0410:

No stats available

מחללך מְחֹלְלֶךָ׃

she who whirls yourself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חול

chûwl

Definition

properly, to twist or whirl (in a circular or spiral manner), i.e. (specifically) to dance, to writhe in pain (especially of parturition) or fear; figuratively, to wait, to pervert

Root

or חיל; a primitive root;

Exhaustive

or חיל; a primitive root; properly, to twist or whirl (in a circular or spiral manner), i.e. (specifically) to dance, to writhe in pain (especially of parturition) or fear; figuratively, to wait, to pervert; bear, (make to) bring forth, (make to) calve, dance, drive away, fall grievously (with pain), fear, form, great, grieve, (be) grievous, hope, look, make, be in pain, be much (sore) pained, rest, shake, shapen, (be) sorrow(-ful), stay, tarry, travail (with pain), tremble, trust, wait carefully (patiently), be wounded.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2342

ך

Definition

you, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 2nd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9031

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חוּל

noun proper • Root חול • Strongs / High • Page 465

I. Proper name of an Aramaean person and an Aramaean district, mentioned along with עוּץ and מַשׂ in Gen. 10:23.

חוּל

verb • Root חול • Strongs / High • Page 466

A verb with multiple meanings in the Kal stem: 1. to turn in a circle, whirl round (e.g., dances). 2. to twist, writhe, be in labor. 3. to revolve, roll along, rage (of a sword). 4. (figurative) to be firm, strong, powerful. 5. to be in a state of mental stretch, to wait, to hope. 6. to encircle, enclose, wall around.

חוּל

proper noun • Root חול • Strongs / High • Page 466

A proper name (Hul).

חוּל

verb • Root חול • Strongs / High • Page 467

1. to whirl oneself, to hurl oneself. 2. to writhe, with pain. 3. to hope, to wait for. (Hithp. II) to be terrified.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חוּל

proper name • Page 218

Proper name of an Aramean country. (Gen. 10:23). Supposed by some to be Cœlesyria.

Verb Piel participle active masculine singular construct, Suffix pronominal second person masculine singular

LXX: συσσείοντοσ ἐπόνεσαν ἥξει ἐσαλεύθη ὠδῖνασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2342a:

συσσείοντοσ 2× (3.3%)

ἐπόνεσαν 2× (3.3%)

ἥξει 2× (3.3%)

ἐσαλεύθη 2× (3.0%)

ὠδῖνασ 2× (3.0%)

ἐταράχθη 2× (3.0%)

ὤδινεν 2× (3.0%)

ὠδίνουσαν 2× (2.8%)

ἐπόνεσεν 2× (2.8%)

RBT Translation:

rock/cliff he has fathered/begotten yourself yourself is setting and yourself has forgotton god she who whirls yourself

RBT Paraphrase:
A rock, he has begotten you, yourself is setting, and yourself has forgotten the god of her who whirls you.^num

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
Thou wilt forsake the Rock begetting thee, And thou wilt forget God setting thee free.

LITV Translation:
You forgot the Rock that brought you into being and ceased to care for God who formed you.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
Thou hast forsaken God that begot thee, And forgotten God who feeds thee.

Footnotes

Deu. 32:18

Deu. 32:18

Strong's #2342. חוּל to whirl, spin, dance. The Hebrew מחלל is a participle that does not carry a gender in itself. So it can be interpreted as "he who whirls" or "she who whirls." The word is used in the context of a woman dancing, or in labor, rephaim "ghosts", Yahweh, the dual waters, the earth, lady wisdom, hands, etc. The supposed use in Genesis 8:10 is more properly from chalal "to bore/pierce."

Interestingly, though it is associated with a woman being in labor, such contexts do not include any actual words for pain. The word itself has been translated into "anguish/travail/pain." The definition of "pain/travail" given by the lexicons is not accurate and in fact directly contradicts its use in the context of "spinning in dance":

if the daughters are coming out of Tranquil ("Shiloh") to whirl around [חוּל] in the dances... (Judges 21:21 RBT)