Deuteronomy 14:8

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ואת וְאֶת־

and אֵת-self eternal

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

את

ʼêth

Definition

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

Root

apparent contracted from H226 (אות) in the demonstrative sense of entity;

Exhaustive

apparent contracted from אות in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely); (as such unrepresented in English).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H853

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵת

particle • Strongs_Numbers • Page 87

Particle used as a sign of the accusative, indicating the definite object of a verb; also used reflexively, or in designations of time and place. Occasionally interchangeable with other prepositions.

אֵת

substantive • Root אות • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

I. Proper substance, being, essence, body, self, essential. It is used as the sign of an accusative, or to give prominence to a noun as subject.

אֵת

preposition • Root אנה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

II. With; expressing fellowship or accompaniment. Properly side, support, lean upon.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Mattock, coulter of a plough, hoe, prop. anything cutting into.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Equivalent to אֵת III., of which it is merely a collateral form.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אוֹת or אֶת

sign of accusative case • Page 35

A sign of the accusative case.

אֶת

com. gen. chald. • Page 81

Equivalent to the Hebrew אוֹת (sign, miracle). Synonymous with תְּמַהּ. References: Dan. 3: 32, 33; 6: 28.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (fem.). In pause אָתְּ. Found in Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2. Also sometimes appears as a masculine form (Num. 11: 15; Ezek. 28: 14).

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (masc.). Equivalent to אַתָּה. Note: Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2.

אֵת

ii. particle • Page 81

A primitive particle and sign of the accusative case (with Makk. -אֶת; with suffixes אֹתִי, אֹתָנוּ, etc.). Often denotes the definite direct object but can appear in circumstances where other languages employ the nominative (with passive verbs, neuter verbs, or before a nominative subject). References: Gen. 17: 5; Ex. 10: 8; 1 Sam. 17: 34.

אֵת

i. m. subst. • Page 81

Ploughshare. Inflected in two ways as אֵתִים and אֵתִין. References: 1 Sam. 13: 20, 21; Is. 2: 4; Joel 4: 10 [3:10]. Its etymology is suggested to be related to the word מַחֲרֶשֶׁת.

Conjunction, Direct object eternal self

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0853:

No stats available

החזיר הַ֠חֲזִיר

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

חזיר

chăzîyr

Definition

a hog (perhaps as penned)

Root

from an unused root probably meaning to enclose;

Exhaustive

from an unused root probably meaning to enclose; a hog (perhaps as penned); boar, swine.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2386

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חֲזִיר

masculine noun • Root חזר • Strongs / High • Page 472

A boar, a swine; a wild boar from the forest.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חֲזִיר

m. prim. • Page 221

a swine. Lev. 11:7.

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ὕειον ὗν

LXX Usage Statistics

H2386:

ὕειον 2× (31.3%)

ὗν 2× (21.9%)

כי כִּי־

for

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כי

kîy

Definition

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

Root

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent;

Exhaustive

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed; and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-) though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3588

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כִּי

masculine noun • Root כוה • Strongs / High • Page 690

A prick, mark, stigma; a brand.

כִּי

relative conjunction • Root כי • Strongs / High • Page 690

A pronominal root used as a relative conjunction. 1. usually a relative particle, that, quod, to denote the relation of the preceding to the following clause, such as in indirect and direct speech.

כִּי

particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 691

A versatile particle with several primary meanings. 1. As a conjunction, it can introduce an exclamation, a question, or an emphatic confirmation, and is sometimes translated as 'that'. 2. As a relative particle of time, it means 'when', 'if', 'since', 'as', 'as often as'. 3. As a causal particle, it means 'because' or 'for'. 4. As a particle of consequence, it can mean 'so' or 'then'.

כִּי

conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 692

A relative conjunction with a wide range of meanings depending on context. Causal: 'for', 'because'. Adversative: 'but', 'nay but', 'nay for', 'no', 'but yes', 'but indeed', 'but yet'. Comparative: 'but now'. Concessive: 'although'. Consequential: 'for which reason'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כִּי

m. subst. • Root כוה • Page 314

I. a mark burnt in, a brand, stigma. Is. 3: 24.

כִּי

primitive particle • Page 314

II. Probably a relative pronoun, i. q. אֲשֶׁר (Gen. 4:25). Used as a conj.: 1. that (Gen. 1:4). 2. for, because (Gen. 3:14). 3. if (Ex. 3:21). 4. when (Hos. 11:1). 5. yet, although (Ps. 116:10). 6. but (Gen. 45:8). 7. yea rather (Ps. 44:23). 8. often used at the beginning of a proposition (Zech. 3:8). 9. at the beginning of the apodosis (Gen. 22:17).

Particle

LXX: ὅτι γὰρ ἐὰν διότι ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H3588a:

ὅτι 2030× (53.1%)

γὰρ 394× (10.3%)

ἐὰν 276× (7.0%)

διότι 259× (6.8%)

--- 158× (4.1%)

ἀλλ' 114× (2.9%)

'' 76× (1.7%)

ὅταν 55× (1.4%)

καὶ 49× (1.3%)

γάρ 44× (1.2%)

מפריס מַפְרִיס

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

פרס

pâraç

Definition

to break in pieces, i.e. (usually without violence) to split, distribute

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to break in pieces, i.e. (usually without violence) to split, distribute; deal, divide, have hoofs, part, tear.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6536

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

פָּרַס

verb • Root פרס • Strongs / High • Page 1193

I. To break asunder, to divide; therefore 1. to rend, to break bread (to impart of it to him).

פָּרַס

verb • Root פרס • Strongs / High • Page 1194

To have a cloven hoof.

פָּרַס

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1194

(unused) Intransitive: to be pointed, sharp, of a nail, claw.

פָּרַס

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1198

I. to break asunder, to reach or present to (bread); hence to put asunder, to divide, to disperse, to scatter.

Verb Hiphil participle active masculine singular construct

LXX: διχηλεῖ διχηλοῦν διχηλούντων

LXX Usage Statistics

H6536:

διχηλεῖ 5× (38.6%)

διχηλοῦν 3× (23.2%)

διχηλούντων 2× (8.5%)

פרסה פַּרְסָה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

פרסה

parçâh

Definition

a claw or split hoof

Root

feminine of H6538 (פרס);

Exhaustive

feminine of פרס; a claw or split hoof; claw, (cloven-) footed, hoof.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6541

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

פַּרְסָה

noun feminine • Strongs / High • Page 1194

Prop. the pointed, the sharp; therefore a hoof, a claw.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

פַּרְסָה

noun feminine • Root פרס • Page 554

1. the hoof (of a horse). Is. 5: 28. 2. a split hoof, cloven foot. Ex. 10: 26. Zech. 11: 16.

Noun common feminine singular absolute

LXX: ὁπλὴν χηλῶν ὁπλῆσ ὁπλὰσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6541:

ὁπλὴν 8× (38.2%)

χηλῶν 2× (10.1%)

ὁπλῆσ 2× (10.1%)

ὁπλὰσ 2× (8.6%)

הוא הוּא

Himself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

הוא

hûwʼ

Definition

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally (instead of copula) as or are

Root

of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is היא; a primitive word, the third person pronoun singular;

Exhaustive

of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is היא; a primitive word, the third person pronoun singular; he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally (instead of copula) as or are; he, as for her, him(-self), it, the same, she (herself), such, that (...it), these, they, this, those, which (is), who.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1931

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הוּא

personal pronoun • Root הו • Strongs / High • Page 392

Personal pronoun, 3rd person singular masculine: he, it. It can also be used for emphasis (he himself), as a demonstrative (this, that), to indicate self, or to strengthen other pronouns (I myself, thou thyself).

הוּא

pronoun • Strongs / High • Page 393

Personal pronoun, 3rd person singular masculine: he, it. Can also mean 'the same', 'himself'. It is also used as a designation for God, and can include the verb 'to be'.

הוּא

aramaic personal pronoun (aramaic) • Strongs / High • Page 393

Aramaic personal pronoun of the 3rd person, he.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הוּא

chald. • Page 178

idem. behold, as for as simply. So in Syr. Dan. 2:43.

הוּא

pronoun • Page 182

1. he, and as a neuter it. In the Pentateuch, used for both genders. 2. self, same, selfsame. Is. 7:14, Ps. 44:5. 3. serves as the substantive verb 'to be' (copula). Is. 43:25. Also used as 'thou (art) the same' in 2 Sam. 7:28.

הוּא

chald. pron. • Page 182

idem (the same). Dan. 2:21.

הוּא

chald. • Page 182

see הֲוָה.

הוּא

unknown • Page 217

see הָוָה.

Pronoun personal third person masculine singular

LXX: αὐτὸσ ἐστιν ἐκείνῃ οὗτοσ ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H1931:

αὐτὸσ 321× (16.5%)

ἐστιν 260× (13.7%)

ἐκείνῃ 197× (10.6%)

οὗτοσ 160× (8.4%)

--- 103× (5.6%)

ἐκείνῳ 67× (3.6%)

ἐστίν 54× (2.9%)

ἐστὶν 54× (2.7%)

'' 50× (2.3%)

τοῦτο 42× (2.2%)

ולא וְלֹא

and not

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

לא

lôʼ

Definition

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

Root

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles; [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3808

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֹא

negative particle • Root אל • Strongs / High • Page 759

A negative particle; not, no. It functions as an absolute negative, a negative answer to a question, or a refusal. Used with verbs in various tenses and moods to express negation or prohibition.

לֹא

particle • Strongs / High • Page 761

A K'ri reading for לוֹ.

לֹא

adverb / particle • Strongs / High • Page 760

Not; No; Nothing (substantive use); Before (cognate sense to טֶרֶם).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֹא

adverb • Page 338

A primitive adverb of negation (more rarely לוֹא). 1. not. 2. no (Gen. 19:2). 3. nothing (Job 6:21). 4. without (1 Chr. 2:30). 5. interrogative, nonne? (Jon. 4:11). 6. lest, that not (Ex. 28:32). 7. In combination with adjectives/substantives it gives a negative signification (e.g., לֹא עֹז without strength).

Conjunction, Particle negative

LXX: οὐκ οὐ μὴ οὐδὲ οὐχ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3808:

οὐκ 1137× (34.5%)

οὐ 797× (24.2%)

μὴ 184× (5.6%)

οὐδὲ 150× (4.5%)

οὐχ 127× (3.9%)

οὐχὶ 120× (3.6%)

--- 98× (3.0%)

'' 94× (2.4%)

---% 62× (1.5%)

οὐκέτι 50× (1.4%)

גרה גֵרָה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

גרה

gêrâh

Definition

the cud (as scraping the throat)

Root

from H1641 (גרר);

Exhaustive

from גרר; the cud (as scraping the throat); cud.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1625

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גֵּרָה

verb • Root גרה • Strongs / High • Page 338

Piel form of גָּרָה I: to inflame, cause to kindle, hence to make jealous, provoke, or stir up strife.

גֵּרָה

feminine noun • Root גרר • Strongs / High • Page 339

1. prop. the separated, sundered, little, hence a grain, a kernel; metaphorically the 20th part of a shekel. Also a small weight of brass or iron, used as a coin. 2. bruised, made small, chewed, i.e. food already swallowed.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

גֵּרָה

noun feminine • Root גרר • Page 146

the cud, the food which the animal brings up and chews again. References: Lev. 11:3, Deut. 14:6.

גֵּרָה

noun feminine • Root גרר • Page 146

a gerah, the smallest weight of the Hebrews, being the twentieth part of the shekel; literally a bean or grain.

גָּרָה

verb • Page 146

Pi. גֵּרָה to excite, stir up contention (Prov. 15:18). Hithpa. to be excited, angry (Prov. 28:4); to contend, engage in war (Deut. 2:5).

Noun common feminine singular absolute

LXX: μηρυκισμὸν

LXX Usage Statistics

H1625:

μηρυκισμὸν 10× (90.8%)

טמא טָמֵא

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

טמא

ṭâmêʼ

Definition

foul in a religious sense

Root

from H2930 (טמא);

Exhaustive

from טמא; foul in a religious sense; defiled, [phrase] infamous, polluted(-tion), unclean.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2931

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

טָמֵא

verb • Root טמא • Strongs / High • Page 561

Intransitive verb. Properly, to be muddy, dark, obscure, black. Metaphorically, to be dirty, rancid, stinking; to be unclean in a Levitical sense. Figuratively, to be desecrated, to be spiritually unclean.

טָמֵא

verb • Root טמא • Strongs / High • Page 562

A verb with multiple stems. Piel (טִמֵּא): to desecrate, profane, make unclean, defile. Pual (טֻמָּא): passive of Piel, to be made unclean. Hithpael (הִטַּמֵּא): to make oneself unclean. Hothpael (הֻטַּמָּא): to be defiled.

טָמֵא

adjective • Root טמא • Strongs / High • Page 562

Unclean, in a Levitical sense (spoken of men, animals, or things) or in a moral sense (guilty, sinful). As a substantive, it can mean an uncircumcised one, a heathen, or one with unclean lips.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

טָמֵא

verb • Page 263

1. to be or become unclean or impure. Lev. 11: 24 ff. Pi. to render unclean. Pu. pass. Ezek. 4: 14. 2. to pronounce unclean. 3. to permit to be polluted. 4. to deflour, defile.

טָמֵא

verb • Root טמא • Page 263

unclean, impure; in a ceremonial (Lev. 5: 2) or moral (Job 14: 4) sense.

Adjective adjective both singular absolute

LXX: ἀκάθαρτον ἀκάθαρτα ἀκάθαρτοσ ἀκαθάρτων ἀκαθάρτου

LXX Usage Statistics

H2931:

ἀκάθαρτον 15× (17.5%)

ἀκάθαρτα 15× (17.3%)

ἀκάθαρτοσ 13× (14.2%)

ἀκαθάρτων 8× (8.1%)

ἀκαθάρτου 7× (8.1%)

ἀκάθαρτόσ 7× (8.3%)

ἀκάθαρτοι 3× (3.4%)

ἀκάθαρτόν 2× (2.4%)

ἀκαθάρτῳ 2× (2.2%)

הוא הוּא

Himself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

הוא

hûwʼ

Definition

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally (instead of copula) as or are

Root

of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is היא; a primitive word, the third person pronoun singular;

Exhaustive

of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is היא; a primitive word, the third person pronoun singular; he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally (instead of copula) as or are; he, as for her, him(-self), it, the same, she (herself), such, that (...it), these, they, this, those, which (is), who.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1931

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הוּא

personal pronoun • Root הו • Strongs / High • Page 392

Personal pronoun, 3rd person singular masculine: he, it. It can also be used for emphasis (he himself), as a demonstrative (this, that), to indicate self, or to strengthen other pronouns (I myself, thou thyself).

הוּא

pronoun • Strongs / High • Page 393

Personal pronoun, 3rd person singular masculine: he, it. Can also mean 'the same', 'himself'. It is also used as a designation for God, and can include the verb 'to be'.

הוּא

aramaic personal pronoun (aramaic) • Strongs / High • Page 393

Aramaic personal pronoun of the 3rd person, he.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הוּא

chald. • Page 178

idem. behold, as for as simply. So in Syr. Dan. 2:43.

הוּא

pronoun • Page 182

1. he, and as a neuter it. In the Pentateuch, used for both genders. 2. self, same, selfsame. Is. 7:14, Ps. 44:5. 3. serves as the substantive verb 'to be' (copula). Is. 43:25. Also used as 'thou (art) the same' in 2 Sam. 7:28.

הוּא

chald. pron. • Page 182

idem (the same). Dan. 2:21.

הוּא

chald. • Page 182

see הֲוָה.

הוּא

unknown • Page 217

see הָוָה.

Pronoun personal third person masculine singular

LXX: αὐτὸσ ἐστιν ἐκείνῃ οὗτοσ ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H1931:

αὐτὸσ 321× (16.5%)

ἐστιν 260× (13.7%)

ἐκείνῃ 197× (10.6%)

οὗτοσ 160× (8.4%)

--- 103× (5.6%)

ἐκείνῳ 67× (3.6%)

ἐστίν 54× (2.9%)

ἐστὶν 54× (2.7%)

'' 50× (2.3%)

τοῦτο 42× (2.2%)

לכם לָכֶם

to yourselves

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כם

Definition

you, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 2nd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9036

Preposition -For/Into Art, Suffix pronominal second person masculine plural

מבשרם מִבְּשָׂרָם

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

בשר

bâsâr

Definition

flesh (from its freshness); by extension, body, person; also (by euphemistically) the pudenda of aman

Root

from H1319 (בשר);

Exhaustive

from בשר; flesh (from its freshness); by extension, body, person; also (by euphemistically) the pudenda of aman; body, (fat, lean) flesh(-ed), kin, (man-) kind, [phrase] nakedness, self, skin.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1320

הם

Definition

their, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9028

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בְּשַׂר

noun masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 286

Aramaic masculine noun meaning flesh; the same as Hebrew בָּשָׂר.

Matched via consonantal key only

בָּשַׂר

verb • Consonantal / Medium • Page 285

I. (Kal unused) to utter sounds, words; to show, to make manifest; to announce (tidings, intelligence), good or bad

Matched via consonantal key only

בָּשַׂר

verb • Consonantal / Medium • Page 285

II. (not used) belonging to the proper name בְּשׂוֹר; to be cool, fresh

Matched via consonantal key only

בָּשַׂר

verb • Consonantal / Medium • Page 285

III. (not used) intr. to swell up, to be full, spoken of the body being full of flesh

Matched via consonantal key only

בָּשָׂר

noun masculine • Root בשר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 285

1. flesh, of the body of beasts or men; meat. 2. Metaphor. body (opposed to heart or spirit). 3. In a collective sense: living beings, the human race (flesh and blood).

Matched via consonantal key only

בִּשֵּׂר

verb • Root בשר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 285

(Piel) to announce, to relate, to tell of; to announce good, glad tidings; in participle: a messenger of good things, a bringer of good news

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בְּשַׂר

m. chald. • Page 119

flesh, as in Heb. (Dan. 2:11, 4:9 [12]).

בָּשָׂר

m. dec. iv. a. • Page 119

1. flesh (Ps. 102:6). 2. body (Num. 8:7, Prov. 14:30). 3. all flesh, for all living creatures (Gen. 6:13). Often denotes what is human, frail, mortal, in opposition to God (Gen. 6:3, Ps. 56:5). 4. my bone and my flesh, i. e. my relative (Gen. 29:14). 5. by a euphemism, pudenda viri (Lev. 15:2, Ezek. 16:26).

Prep-M, Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine plural

LXX: κρέα σάρκασ σὰρξ σάρκα κρεῶν

LXX Usage Statistics

H1320:

κρέα 50× (17.6%)

σάρκασ 24× (7.9%)

σὰρξ 23× (8.8%)

σάρκα 19× (6.9%)

κρεῶν 16× (5.1%)

σῶμα 15× (4.9%)

σαρκὸσ 14× (5.0%)

σάρκεσ 12× (4.0%)

κρέασ 11× (4.2%)

σαρκόσ 10× (3.6%)

לא לֹא

not

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

לא

lôʼ

Definition

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

Root

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles; [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3808

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֹא

negative particle • Root אל • Strongs / High • Page 759

A negative particle; not, no. It functions as an absolute negative, a negative answer to a question, or a refusal. Used with verbs in various tenses and moods to express negation or prohibition.

לֹא

particle • Strongs / High • Page 761

A K'ri reading for לוֹ.

לֹא

adverb / particle • Strongs / High • Page 760

Not; No; Nothing (substantive use); Before (cognate sense to טֶרֶם).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֹא

adverb • Page 338

A primitive adverb of negation (more rarely לוֹא). 1. not. 2. no (Gen. 19:2). 3. nothing (Job 6:21). 4. without (1 Chr. 2:30). 5. interrogative, nonne? (Jon. 4:11). 6. lest, that not (Ex. 28:32). 7. In combination with adjectives/substantives it gives a negative signification (e.g., לֹא עֹז without strength).

Particle negative

LXX: οὐκ οὐ μὴ οὐδὲ οὐχ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3808:

οὐκ 1137× (34.5%)

οὐ 797× (24.2%)

μὴ 184× (5.6%)

οὐδὲ 150× (4.5%)

οὐχ 127× (3.9%)

οὐχὶ 120× (3.6%)

--- 98× (3.0%)

'' 94× (2.4%)

---% 62× (1.5%)

οὐκέτι 50× (1.4%)

תאכלו תֹאכֵלוּ

you all are eating

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אכל

ʼâkal

Definition

to eat (literally or figuratively)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to eat (literally or figuratively); [idiom] at all, burn up, consume, devour(-er, up), dine, eat(-er, up), feed (with), food, [idiom] freely, [idiom] in...wise(-deed, plenty), (lay) meat, [idiom] quite.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H398

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָכַל

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 123

prop. to annihilate, to rub away, hence 1. to eat, applied to men. 2. to animals, figuratively, to devour somewhat.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָכַל

verb • Page 48

1. To eat; applied to men and animals. Figuratively applied to the sword, fire, hunger, and pestilence. 2. To consume, destroy (Deut. 7:16; Jer. 10:25). 3. To enjoy (Prov. 30:20). Includes various forms: Niph. (to be eaten), Pu. (to be consumed), Hiph. (to feed/cause to eat), Hoph. (to be made shorter).

Verb Qal imperfect second person masculine plural

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0398:

No stats available

ובנבלתם וּבְנִבְלָתָם

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

נבלה

nᵉbêlâh

Definition

a flabby thing, i.e. a carcase or carrion (human or bestial, often collectively); figuratively, an idol

Root

from H5034 (נבל);

Exhaustive

from נבל; a flabby thing, i.e. a carcase or carrion (human or bestial, often collectively); figuratively, an idol; (dead) body, (dead) carcase, dead of itself, which died, (beast) that (which) dieth of itself.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5038

הם

Definition

their, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9028

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נְבֵלָה

noun feminine • Root נבל • Strongs / High • Page 939

Properly the sunk, the fallen; hence a corpse, of humans or animals; a cadaver. Metaphorically, an inanimate idol-image.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נְבֵלָה

f. const. נִבְלַת • Root נבל • Page 424

a corpse (of a man,) Is. 26:19. a carcase (of an animal,) Lev. 5:2; 7:24. Used by way of reproach of idols, Jer. 16:18. (Lev. 26:30).

Conjunction, Preposition, Noun common feminine singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine plural

LXX: θνησιμαίων θνησιμαῖον σῶμα θνησιμαῖα νεκροὶ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5038:

θνησιμαίων 17× (35.0%)

θνησιμαῖον 9× (20.2%)

σῶμα 8× (17.0%)

θνησιμαῖα 4× (8.1%)

νεκροὶ 3× (6.4%)

לא לֹא

not

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

לא

lôʼ

Definition

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

Root

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles; [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3808

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֹא

negative particle • Root אל • Strongs / High • Page 759

A negative particle; not, no. It functions as an absolute negative, a negative answer to a question, or a refusal. Used with verbs in various tenses and moods to express negation or prohibition.

לֹא

particle • Strongs / High • Page 761

A K'ri reading for לוֹ.

לֹא

adverb / particle • Strongs / High • Page 760

Not; No; Nothing (substantive use); Before (cognate sense to טֶרֶם).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֹא

adverb • Page 338

A primitive adverb of negation (more rarely לוֹא). 1. not. 2. no (Gen. 19:2). 3. nothing (Job 6:21). 4. without (1 Chr. 2:30). 5. interrogative, nonne? (Jon. 4:11). 6. lest, that not (Ex. 28:32). 7. In combination with adjectives/substantives it gives a negative signification (e.g., לֹא עֹז without strength).

Particle negative

LXX: οὐκ οὐ μὴ οὐδὲ οὐχ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3808:

οὐκ 1137× (34.5%)

οὐ 797× (24.2%)

μὴ 184× (5.6%)

οὐδὲ 150× (4.5%)

οὐχ 127× (3.9%)

οὐχὶ 120× (3.6%)

--- 98× (3.0%)

'' 94× (2.4%)

---% 62× (1.5%)

οὐκέτι 50× (1.4%)

תגעוס תִגָּעוּ׃ס

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נגע

nâgaʻ

Definition

properly, to touch, i.e. lay the hand upon (for any purpose; euphemistically, to lie with a woman); by implication, to reach (figuratively, to arrive, acquire); violently, to strike (punish, defeat, destroy, etc.)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to touch, i.e. lay the hand upon (for any purpose; euphemistically, to lie with a woman); by implication, to reach (figuratively, to arrive, acquire); violently, to strike (punish, defeat, destroy, etc.); beat, ([idiom] be able to) bring (down), cast, come (nigh), draw near (nigh), get up, happen, join, near, plague, reach (up), smite, strike, touch.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5060

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָגַע

verb • Root נגע • Strongs / High • Page 943

To strike, beat; hence 1. to smite, punish, inflict plagues upon. 2. with a weaker sense, to touch. 3. in a local sense, to touch upon, to reach. 4. to come to, to arrive.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָגַע

verb • Page 425

To touch, usually construed with בְּ (Gen. 3:3, Lev. 5:3). Applied to denote: (1.) to injure (Gen. 26:11).

נָגַע

verb • Root נגע • Page 426

To touch, reach, or strike. Senses include: to lie with a woman (Josh. 9:19); to reach unto anything (Hos. 4:2); to come to a person or thing (2 Sam. 5:8); to smite (Gen. 32:26). Includes Niph. (to be beaten), Pi. (to smite), Pu. (passive), and Hiph. (to cause to touch, reach unto, or befall).

Verb Qal imperfect second person masculine plural

LXX: ἁπτόμενοσ ἅψηται ἥψατο ἅπτεσθε ἁπτομένη

LXX Usage Statistics

H5060:

ἁπτόμενοσ 24× (13.4%)

ἅψηται 15× (9.9%)

ἥψατο 15× (9.0%)

ἅπτεσθε 4× (2.7%)

ἁπτομένη 4× (2.6%)

ἅψασθαι 4× (2.5%)

ἥπτετο 3× (1.9%)

ἅψαι 3× (1.9%)

ἤγγισεν 3× (1.9%)

ἥψατό 3× (1.8%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And the swine, because it cleaves the hoof, and not ruminating, it is unclean to you: from their flesh ye shall not eat, and upon their carcass ye shall not touch.

LITV Translation:
And the swine, because it divides the hoof, but does not chew the cud; it is unclean to you. You shall not eat of their flesh, nor touch their dead body.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And as for the swine, because he divides the hoof, and makes claws of the hoof, yet he chews not the cud, he is unclean to you; ye shall not eat of their flesh, ye shall not touch their dead bodies.