Deuteronomy 10:19

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ואהבתם וַאֲהַבְתֶּם

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אהב

ʼâhab

Definition

to have affection for (sexually or otherwise)

Root

or אהב ; a primitive root;

Exhaustive

or אהב ; a primitive root; to have affection for (sexually or otherwise); (be-) love(-d, -ly, -r), like, friend.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H157

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָהַב

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 70

trans. to love; sensuously, of love between the sexes; of the love of parents, friends, virtuous or vicious love; to like, to be fond of doing.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָהַב

verb • Page 28

1. to love. 2. to desire, rejoice in. (Lev. 19:18, 34; Ecc. 5:9; Prov. 18:24; Ps. 40:17; 70:5; 116:1; Hos. 12:8; Is. 56:10; Jer. 14:10).

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential perfect second person masculine plural

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0157:

No stats available

את אֶת־

את-self eternal

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

את

ʼêth

Definition

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

Root

apparent contracted from H226 (אות) in the demonstrative sense of entity;

Exhaustive

apparent contracted from אות in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely); (as such unrepresented in English).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H853

את

ʼêth

Definition

a hoe or other digging implement

Root

of uncertain derivation;

Exhaustive

of uncertain derivation; a hoe or other digging implement; coulter, plowshare.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H855

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵת

particle • Strongs_Numbers • Page 87

Particle used as a sign of the accusative, indicating the definite object of a verb; also used reflexively, or in designations of time and place. Occasionally interchangeable with other prepositions.

אֵת

substantive • Root אות • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

I. Proper substance, being, essence, body, self, essential. It is used as the sign of an accusative, or to give prominence to a noun as subject.

אֵת

preposition • Root אנה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

II. With; expressing fellowship or accompaniment. Properly side, support, lean upon.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Mattock, coulter of a plough, hoe, prop. anything cutting into.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Equivalent to אֵת III., of which it is merely a collateral form.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אוֹת or אֶת

sign of accusative case • Page 35

A sign of the accusative case.

אֶת

com. gen. chald. • Page 81

Equivalent to the Hebrew אוֹת (sign, miracle). Synonymous with תְּמַהּ. References: Dan. 3: 32, 33; 6: 28.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (masc.). Equivalent to אַתָּה. Note: Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (fem.). In pause אָתְּ. Found in Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2. Also sometimes appears as a masculine form (Num. 11: 15; Ezek. 28: 14).

אֵת

ii. particle • Page 81

A primitive particle and sign of the accusative case (with Makk. -אֶת; with suffixes אֹתִי, אֹתָנוּ, etc.). Often denotes the definite direct object but can appear in circumstances where other languages employ the nominative (with passive verbs, neuter verbs, or before a nominative subject). References: Gen. 17: 5; Ex. 10: 8; 1 Sam. 17: 34.

אֵת

preposition • Page 82

1. with, together with (Gen. 4:1); 2. with, near by (Gen. 39:6); 3. in or on a place (1 Sam. 7:16); 4. besides (1 K. 11:25); 5. towards, erga (Ruth 2:20, 2 Sam. 16:17).

Direct object eternal self

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0853:

No stats available

H0855:

No stats available

הגר הָגֵּר

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

גר

gêr

Definition

properly, a guest; by implication, a foreigner

Root

or (fully) geyr (gare); from H1481 (גור);

Exhaustive

or (fully) geyr (gare); from גור; properly, a guest; by implication, a foreigner; alien, sojourner, stranger.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1616

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גִּר

noun / masculine • Root גור • Consonantal / Medium • Page 337

Lime.

Matched via consonantal key only

גֵּר

noun / masculine • Root גור • Consonantal / Medium • Page 337

A stranger, foreigner, sojourner; one who abides in a foreign land. Figuratively, a pilgrim or a protégé deserving protection.

Matched via consonantal key only

גֵּר

noun / masculine • Root גור • Consonantal / Medium • Page 337

Same as גֵּרָה; a lion's whelp or cub.

Matched via consonantal key only

גָּר

adjective / noun • Root גור • Consonantal / Medium • Page 337

1. (adjective) Dwelling, abiding. Poetically, an inhabitant of the earth, a man. 2. (substantive) A strange shepherd.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

גֵּר

noun masculine • Root גור • Page 146

inmate, lodger, sojourner. References: Job 19:15. Ex. 3:22. (Fem. גֵּרָה)

גֵּר

noun • Page 146

perhaps the foot of a mountain. Reference: Job 28:4.

גֹּר

noun masculine • Root גור • Page 146

a stranger. Participial noun.

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: προσήλυτοσ προσηλύτῳ προσήλυτον προσηλύτου πάροικοσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1616:

προσήλυτοσ 19× (18.0%)

προσηλύτῳ 18× (17.0%)

προσήλυτον 10× (9.5%)

προσηλύτου 7× (8.1%)

πάροικοσ 6× (7.2%)

προσήλυτοι 6× (7.0%)

προσηλύτων 6× (5.4%)

προσηλύτοισ 6× (5.0%)

προσηλύτουσ 3× (3.1%)

כי כִּי־

for

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כי

kîy

Definition

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

Root

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent;

Exhaustive

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed; and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-) though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3588

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כִּי

masculine noun • Root כוה • Strongs / High • Page 690

A prick, mark, stigma; a brand.

כִּי

relative conjunction • Root כי • Strongs / High • Page 690

A pronominal root used as a relative conjunction. 1. usually a relative particle, that, quod, to denote the relation of the preceding to the following clause, such as in indirect and direct speech.

כִּי

particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 691

A versatile particle with several primary meanings. 1. As a conjunction, it can introduce an exclamation, a question, or an emphatic confirmation, and is sometimes translated as 'that'. 2. As a relative particle of time, it means 'when', 'if', 'since', 'as', 'as often as'. 3. As a causal particle, it means 'because' or 'for'. 4. As a particle of consequence, it can mean 'so' or 'then'.

כִּי

conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 692

A relative conjunction with a wide range of meanings depending on context. Causal: 'for', 'because'. Adversative: 'but', 'nay but', 'nay for', 'no', 'but yes', 'but indeed', 'but yet'. Comparative: 'but now'. Concessive: 'although'. Consequential: 'for which reason'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כִּי

m. subst. • Root כוה • Page 314

I. a mark burnt in, a brand, stigma. Is. 3: 24.

כִּי

primitive particle • Page 314

II. Probably a relative pronoun, i. q. אֲשֶׁר (Gen. 4:25). Used as a conj.: 1. that (Gen. 1:4). 2. for, because (Gen. 3:14). 3. if (Ex. 3:21). 4. when (Hos. 11:1). 5. yet, although (Ps. 116:10). 6. but (Gen. 45:8). 7. yea rather (Ps. 44:23). 8. often used at the beginning of a proposition (Zech. 3:8). 9. at the beginning of the apodosis (Gen. 22:17).

Particle

LXX: ὅτι γὰρ ἐὰν διότι ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H3588a:

ὅτι 2030× (53.1%)

γὰρ 394× (10.3%)

ἐὰν 276× (7.0%)

διότι 259× (6.8%)

--- 158× (4.1%)

ἀλλ' 114× (2.9%)

'' 76× (1.7%)

ὅταν 55× (1.4%)

καὶ 49× (1.3%)

γάρ 44× (1.2%)

גרים גֵרִים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

גר

gêr

Definition

properly, a guest; by implication, a foreigner

Root

or (fully) geyr (gare); from H1481 (גור);

Exhaustive

or (fully) geyr (gare); from גור; properly, a guest; by implication, a foreigner; alien, sojourner, stranger.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1616

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גִּר

noun / masculine • Root גור • Consonantal / Medium • Page 337

Lime.

Matched via consonantal key only

גֵּר

noun / masculine • Root גור • Consonantal / Medium • Page 337

A stranger, foreigner, sojourner; one who abides in a foreign land. Figuratively, a pilgrim or a protégé deserving protection.

Matched via consonantal key only

גֵּר

noun / masculine • Root גור • Consonantal / Medium • Page 337

Same as גֵּרָה; a lion's whelp or cub.

Matched via consonantal key only

גָּר

adjective / noun • Root גור • Consonantal / Medium • Page 337

1. (adjective) Dwelling, abiding. Poetically, an inhabitant of the earth, a man. 2. (substantive) A strange shepherd.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

גֵּר

noun masculine • Root גור • Page 146

inmate, lodger, sojourner. References: Job 19:15. Ex. 3:22. (Fem. גֵּרָה)

גֵּר

noun • Page 146

perhaps the foot of a mountain. Reference: Job 28:4.

גֹּר

noun masculine • Root גור • Page 146

a stranger. Participial noun.

Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: προσήλυτοσ προσηλύτῳ προσήλυτον προσηλύτου πάροικοσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1616:

προσήλυτοσ 19× (18.0%)

προσηλύτῳ 18× (17.0%)

προσήλυτον 10× (9.5%)

προσηλύτου 7× (8.1%)

πάροικοσ 6× (7.2%)

προσήλυτοι 6× (7.0%)

προσηλύτων 6× (5.4%)

προσηλύτοισ 6× (5.0%)

προσηλύτουσ 3× (3.1%)

הייתם הֱיִיתֶם

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

היה

hâyâh

Definition

to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

Root

a primitive root (compare H1933 (הוא));

Exhaustive

a primitive root (compare הוא); to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary); beacon, [idiom] altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, [phrase] follow, happen, [idiom] have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, [idiom] use.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1961

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הָיָה

verb • Root היה • Strongs / High • Page 397

To be, to exist, to live, to become. A substantive verb used to unite a subject and predicate. It can also mean to happen, to arise, or to belong to. Used in a wide variety of grammatical constructions.

הָיָה

verb • Root היה • Strongs / High • Page 591

To be, to become, to exist. The common Hebrew verb for 'to be', considered the root of the divine name.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הַיָּה

noun feminine • Page 185

Keri הַוָּה suffering, calamity. Job 6: 2; 30: 13.

הָיָה

verb • Page 184

1. To be (Ex. 20:3, Num. 10:31, etc.); 2. to become (Ex. 4:4, Hos. 3:3, etc.); 3. to happen (Is. 19:15).

Verb Qal perfect second person masculine plural

LXX: ἔσται ἐγένετο ἦν ἐγενήθη ἔσονται

LXX Usage Statistics

H1961:

ἔσται 827× (22.9%)

ἐγένετο 634× (16.8%)

ἦν 280× (7.9%)

ἐγενήθη 215× (5.8%)

ἔσονται 160× (4.5%)

ἦσαν 134× (3.8%)

ἐγένοντο 83× (2.3%)

'' 74× (1.9%)

--- 73× (2.2%)

εἶναι 67× (1.7%)

בארץ בְּאֶרֶץ

in the Earthly One

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ארץ

ʼerets

Definition

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

Root

from an unused root probably meaning to be firm;

Exhaustive

from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth (at large, or partitively a land); [idiom] common, country, earth, field, ground, land, [idiom] natins, way, [phrase] wilderness, world.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H776

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֶרֶץ

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 193

(Not used) To be hard, firm, dense. (Root of the following noun)

אֶרֶץ

noun feminine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 193

Earth, as firm land i.e. a dense firm mass, in opposition to water. Includes meanings: a) the earth in opposition to heaven; b) earth as an element/material; c) the ground; d) piece of land/field; e) land of habitation or fatherland.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶרֶץ

noun masculine • Page 73

Earth, land. (masc. rarely, Gen. 13: 6; Is. 9: 18).

אֶרֶץ

noun feminine • Page 74

1. earth; also inhabitants of the earth, Gen. 6:11. 11:1. 2. land; e.g. אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם the land of Egypt. Sometimes Palestine, Joel 1:2. 3. jurisdiction of a city. Josh. 8:1. Plur. אֲרָצוֹת lands.

Preposition, Noun common both singular construct

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0776:

No stats available

מצרים מִצְרָיִם׃

of Dual-Siege

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מצרים

Mitsrayim

Definition

Mitsrajim, i.e. Upper and Lower Egypt

Root

dual of H4693 (מצור);

Exhaustive

dual of מצור; Mitsrajim, i.e. Upper and Lower Egypt; Egypt, Egyptians, Mizraim.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4714

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מִצְרַיִם

dual proper noun • Root מצר • Strongs / High • Page 897

1. A son of Ham, then the name of the race of the Egyptians descended from him; collectively the Egyptians. 2. The land of Egypt, often denoting both upper and lower Egypt. The dual form is thought to refer to the two parts of the country.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִצְרַיִם

fem. dual • Page 400

Egypt, the name of a country. Construed with a verb in the singular, Hos. 9:6. The gentile noun is מִצְרִי, plur. מִצְרִים, an Egyptian; fem. מִצְרִית an Egyptian woman.

Noun proper name

LXX: αἰγύπτου αἰγύπτῳ αἴγυπτον αἰγυπτίων pεἰσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4714:

αἰγύπτου 328× (45.8%)

αἰγύπτῳ 101× (13.6%)

αἴγυπτον 79× (10.3%)

αἰγυπτίων 26× (3.3%)

pεἰσ 22× (3.2%)

αἰγύπτιοι 20× (2.4%)

αἰγύπτιοι 15× (1.9%)

αἰγυπτίοισ 14× (1.7%)

'' 14× (1.7%)

αἰγυπτίουσ 12× (1.5%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And love ye the stranger, for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt.

LITV Translation:
And you shall love the alien, for you were aliens in the land of Egypt.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And ye shall love the stranger; for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt.