Daniel 12:3

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

והמשכלים וְהַמַּשְׂכִּלִים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שכל

sâkal

Definition

to be (causatively, make or act) circumspect and hence, intelligent

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to be (causatively, make or act) circumspect and hence, intelligent; consider, expert, instruct, prosper, (deal) prudent(-ly), (give) skill(-ful), have good success, teach, (have, make to) understand(-ing), wisdom, (be, behave self, consider, make) wise(-ly), guide wittingly.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7919

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׂכַל

verb • Root שכל • Strongs / High • Page 1422

(Kal not used) To interweave, to knot together, to intertwine.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שָׂכַל

verb • Page 639

To act wisely, prudently (1 Sam. 18:30). Pi. stem: To interweave, to cross (Gen. 48:14, 'laid his hands crosswise'). Hiph. stem: 1. To look at (Gen. 3:6). 2. To consider, attend to (Deut. 32:29; Ps. 41:2). 3. To have understanding, be wise or intelligent (Ps. 2:10; Dan. 1:4). Participle מַשְׂכִּיל used for 'wise', 'pious', or as a substantive for a poem/song (Ps. 47:8). 4. To prosper (Josh. 1:7; Jer. 10:21). 5. To make wise, instruct (Ps. 32:8). 6. To cause to prosper (1 K. 2:3).

Conjunction, Particle definite article, Verb Hiphil participle active masculine plural absolute

LXX: συνίων νοήμων σύνεσιν συνίει συνετοῦ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7919a:

συνίων 6× (9.1%)

νοήμων 4× (6.4%)

σύνεσιν 3× (3.8%)

συνίει 2× (3.2%)

συνετοῦ 2× (3.2%)

συνῆκαν 2× (3.2%)

συνιέναι 2× (3.2%)

συνήσει 2× (3.0%)

'' 2× (2.7%)

יזהרו יַזְהרוּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

זהר

zâhar

Definition

to gleam; figuratively, to enlighten (by caution)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to gleam; figuratively, to enlighten (by caution); admonish, shine, teach, (give) warn(-ing).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2094

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

זָהַר

verb • Root זהר • Strongs / High • Page 426

(Kal unused) 1. intransitive, to be bright, to shine, to glitter. 2. to be clear, enlightened, intelligent, instructed.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

זָהַר

verb • Page 177

To shine.

זָהַר

verb • Root צהר • Page 198

In Kal not used, to shine. Hiph. הִזְהִיר: 1. intrans. to be bright, to shine (Dan. 12:3). 2. to enlighten; (1.) to teach (Ex. 18:20); (2.) to warn against anything (2 K. 6:10). Niph.: 1. to be instructed (Ps. 19:12); 2. to take warning (Ezek. 33:4, 5).

Verb Hiphil imperfect third person masculine plural

LXX: διεστείλω φυλάξηται --- ἐφυλάξατο

LXX Usage Statistics

H2094a:

διεστείλω 4× (18.2%)

φυλάξηται 2× (9.1%)

--- 2× (9.1%)

ἐφυλάξατο 2× (9.1%)

כזהר כְּזֹהַר

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כ

kə

Definition

like, as

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix Derived terms כאשר‎ (ka'ashér) כמו‎ (k'mó) כמות‎ (k'mót) כש־‎ (k'she-)

Exhaustive

(kaph) — as / like / according to

Core value: correspondence, patterning, resonance
כ never asserts identity. It asserts alignment.
- likeness,
- proportionality,
- conformity to a form.
Aonically, כ signals phase-alignment, not comparison.
not “like X in appearance” but “operating according to the same pattern as X.”
This is why prophetic and poetic language leans heavily on כ: it encodes structural analogy across layers, not metaphor.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

זהר

zôhar

Definition

brilliancy

Root

from H2094 (זהר);

Exhaustive

from זהר; brilliancy; brightness.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2096

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

זֹהַר

noun masculine • Root זהר • Strongs / High • Page 426

brightness.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

זֹהַר

m. verbal • Root זהר • Page 198

brightness (of the firmament). Ezek. 8:2. Dan. 12:3.

Preposition, Noun common both singular construct

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H2096:

No stats available

הרקיע הָרָקיעַ

the Beaten Expanse

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

רקיע

râqîyaʻ

Definition

properly, an expanse, i.e. the firmament or (apparently) visible arch of the sky

Root

from H7554 (רקע);

Exhaustive

from רקע; properly, an expanse, i.e. the firmament or (apparently) visible arch of the sky; firmament.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7549

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רְקִיעַ

noun masculine • Root רקע • Consonantal / Low • Page 1359

A plate, properly what is beaten out.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

רָקִ֫יעַ

noun masculine • Consonantal / Low • Page 1358

Prop. a thing spread out or extended, the expanse of heaven (heaven's arch); generally an extended surface, either a pavement, a floor, or an upper vaulted arch.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רָקִיעַ

noun masculine • Root רקע • Page 630

The expanse, i. e. the arch or vault of heaven, supposed to rest like a hollow hemisphere on the earth (Gen. 1: 14, 15, 17; Ps. 104: 3). Regarded as transparent like sapphire (Ezek. 1: 22).

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: στερέωμα στερεώματοσ στερεώματι

LXX Usage Statistics

H7549:

στερέωμα 6× (34.7%)

στερεώματοσ 5× (28.1%)

στερεώματι 4× (19.5%)

ומצדיקי וּמַצְדִּיקֵי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

צדק

tsâdaq

Definition

to be (causatively, make) right (in a moral or forensic sense)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to be (causatively, make) right (in a moral or forensic sense); cleanse, clear self, (be, do) just(-ice, -ify, -ify self), (be turn to) righteous(-ness).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6663

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

צָדַק

verb • Root צדק • Strongs / High • Page 1216

(Intransitive verb) Prop. to be firm, hard; 1. to be strong, powerful, authoritative, to conquer, to be established, determined. 2. (Commonly) to be verified, reliable, faithful, true, upright, innocent, to be in the right, to be justified.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

צָדַק

verb • Page 563

Liter. to be straight. 1. To have a just or righteous cause (in a contention at law). Gen. 38:26. 2. To be just, righteous; spoken of Jehovah (Ps. 51:6) or the law (Ps. 19:10). 3. To be innocent, blameless (Job 15:14). 4. To be justified, to justify one's self. Niph. to be justified (Dan. 8:14). Pi. to justify or esteem just (Ezek. 16:51, Job 33:32). Hiph. to pronounce innocent, to make righteous (Ex. 23:7, Dan. 12:4). Hithpa. to justify or defend one's self (Gen. 44:16).

Conjunction, Verb Hiphil participle active masculine plural construct

LXX: δίκαιοσ ἔσται ὦ δικαιῶσαι δικαιωθῇσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6663:

δίκαιοσ 10× (14.8%)

ἔσται 3× (5.1%)

ὦ 3× (4.8%)

δικαιῶσαι 3× (4.5%)

δικαιωθῇσ 2× (3.6%)

δίκαιόσ 2× (3.3%)

ἐδικαίωσασ 2× (3.0%)

δίκαιον 2× (3.0%)

εἰμι 2× (2.8%)

הרבים הָרַבִּים

the Multitude

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

רב

rab

Definition

abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)

Root

by contracted from H7231 (רבב);

Exhaustive

by contracted from רבב; abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality); (in) abound(-undance, -ant, -antly), captain, elder, enough, exceedingly, full, great(-ly, man, one), increase, long (enough, (time)), (do, have) many(-ifold, things, a time), (ship-)master, mighty, more, (too, very) much, multiply(-tude), officer, often(-times), plenteous, populous, prince, process (of time), suffice(-lent).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7227

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רַב

adjective / adv. / substantive • Root רבב • Strongs / High • Page 1313

Adjective meaning many, numerous; great, extended, wide, long (of time), violent, strong, or grievous. Also used as an adverb meaning much, in great number, enough, strongly, or richly. Used substantively meaning a great one, a mighty one, or oldest.

רַב

adjective / noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1314

great, large, numerous, much, abundant; also meaning chief, head, commander, captain, president, chamberlain, master; principal persons, judges, nobility; fullness, multitude, mass, quantity, totality. Used as adj. and sometimes adverbially.

רַב

aram. adj. m. (aramaic) • Root רבב • Strongs / High • Page 1314

Aramaic adjective (masc. and fem. רַבָּא) meaning great, in the widest sense, of kingdom, gold, stone, God; large.

רַב

noun masculine • Root רבב • Strongs / High • Page 1314

multitude, mass, plenty, great quantity, fullness, totality (singular collective noun). Plur. constr. רַבֵּי.

רַב

adjective • Root רבה • Strongs / High • Page 1315

Many, numerous; great, large. (Aramaic equivalent: רַבָּא).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רַב

verb • Root רבב • Page 604

1. Much, many, numerous (Num. 32:1). Also as adv. much, exceedingly, enough (Ps. 123:3, Gen. 33:9). 2. Great, mighty (Ps. 31:20, Is. 63:1). 3. Older, major natu (Gen. 25:23). 4. As a subst. a chief, captain, leader (2 K. 25:8, Dan. 1:3).

רַב

chald. • Root רבב • Page 604

1. Great (Dan. 2:10, 31). 2. Subst. a chief, head, captain (Dan. 5:11, 2:48). Plur. רַבְרְבִין (Dan. 3:33).

Particle definite article, Adjective adjective masculine plural absolute

LXX: πολλὰ πολλῶν πολλοὶ πολὺ πολλοῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7227a:

πολλὰ 37× (7.8%)

πολλῶν 30× (6.3%)

πολλοὶ 28× (5.7%)

πολὺ 18× (3.6%)

πολλοῖσ 17× (3.4%)

'' 17× (3.1%)

πλείουσ 15× (3.1%)

ἀρχιμάγειροσ 15× (2.7%)

πολὺσ 15× (3.1%)

--- 14× (3.0%)

ככוכבים כַּכּוֹכָבים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כ

kə

Definition

like, as

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix Derived terms כאשר‎ (ka'ashér) כמו‎ (k'mó) כמות‎ (k'mót) כש־‎ (k'she-)

Exhaustive

(kaph) — as / like / according to

Core value: correspondence, patterning, resonance
כ never asserts identity. It asserts alignment.
- likeness,
- proportionality,
- conformity to a form.
Aonically, כ signals phase-alignment, not comparison.
not “like X in appearance” but “operating according to the same pattern as X.”
This is why prophetic and poetic language leans heavily on כ: it encodes structural analogy across layers, not metaphor.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כוכב

kôwkâb

Definition

a star (as round or as shining); figuratively, a prince

Root

probably from the same as H3522 (כבון) (in the sense of rolling) or H3554 (כוה) (in the sense of blazing);

Exhaustive

probably from the same as כבון (in the sense of rolling) or כוה (in the sense of blazing); a star (as round or as shining); figuratively, a prince; star(-gazer).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3556

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כּוֹכָב

verb • Root כבב • Strongs / High • Page 681

(not used; i. e. כָּבַב) intr. to shine, to glitter, to appear.

כּוֹכָב

noun / masculine • Root כבב • Strongs / High • Page 682

1. a star. 2. the name of a deity, either Lucifer or Saturn. 3. metaphorically, the pupil of the eye.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כּוֹכָב

m. prim. • Page 311

A star.

Preposition -Like Art, Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: ἄστρα ἀστέρασ ὡσεὶ ἄστρων ἀστέρεσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3556:

ἄστρα 13× (26.3%)

ἀστέρασ 10× (19.7%)

ὡσεὶ 5× (13.0%)

ἄστρων 5× (11.8%)

ἀστέρεσ 5× (11.0%)

ὡσ 4× (10.4%)

ἄστρον 2× (5.2%)

לעולם לְעוֹלָם

to the eternal one

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

עולם

ʻôwlâm

Definition

properly, concealed, i.e. the vanishing point; generally, time out of mind (past or future), i.e. (practically) eternity; frequentatively, adverbial (especially with prepositional prefix) always

Root

or עלם; from H5956 (עלם);

Exhaustive

or עלם; from עלם; properly, concealed, i.e. the vanishing point; generally, time out of mind (past or future), i.e. (practically) eternity; frequentatively, adverbial (especially with prepositional prefix) always; alway(-s), ancient (time), any more, continuance, eternal, (for, (n-)) ever(-lasting, -more, of old), lasting, long (time), (of) old (time), perpetual, at any time, (beginning of the) world ([phrase] without end). Compare נצח, עד.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5769

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עוֹלָם

noun • Strongs / High • Page 1065

1. For ever, to denote continuance. 2. Duration without end (eternity). 3. A time future conditioned by context (duration of life, time onward, continual joy, definite duration). 4. Eternity, applied to God (without beginning and end). 5. Rhetorical hyperbole (wishing for long life). The plural (עוֹלָמִים) means earlier (old) times, remote future, or continuance. Also refers to 'the world' or 'worldly-mindedness'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עוֹלָם

noun masculine • Page 496

1. Eternity; sometimes used for a long period (Deut. 15: 17) or strictly as immortal like God (Gen. 3: 22). Refers to time to come (Gen. 9: 16) or time past (Deut. 32: 7). 2. In Chald. and Talmud, the world. Ecc. 3: 11.

Preposition, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: αἰῶνα αἰῶνοσ αἰώνιον αἰώνιοσ ἀπ'

LXX Usage Statistics

H5769:

αἰῶνα 196× (36.2%)

αἰῶνοσ 90× (20.9%)

αἰώνιον 67× (17.3%)

αἰώνιοσ 9× (2.3%)

ἀπ' 6× (1.4%)

'' 6× (1.3%)

pεἰσ 6× (1.6%)

αἰῶνοσ 5× (1.1%)

αἰώνια 5× (1.2%)

αἰώνιοι 5× (1.3%)

ועדפ וָעֶד׃פ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

עד

ʻad

Definition

properly, a (peremptory) terminus, i.e. (by implication) duration, in the sense of advance or perpetuity (substantially as a noun, either with or without a preposition)

Root

from H5710 (עדה);

Exhaustive

from עדה; properly, a (peremptory) terminus, i.e. (by implication) duration, in the sense of advance or perpetuity (substantially as a noun, either with or without a preposition); eternity, ever(-lasting, -more), old, perpetually, [phrase] world without end.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5703

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַד

particle • Strongs / High • Page 1053

A particle expressing continuance, progress, or duration; until, unto, as far as, up to, during, even, exceedingly. Denotes limits in space, time (till now, forever), or degree (highest limit).

עַד

noun • Root עדה ערה • Strongs / High • Page 1053

Progress, advance (in space); duration, perpetuitas; hence, eternity, perpetuity, everlasting.

עַד

adverb / preposition • Root עוד • Strongs / High • Page 1060

Adverb: again, once more (repetition); continuedly, continually (continuance of action); longer, further, advanced state. Also Preposition/Conjunction: till, now, during (a time), while still.

עַד

preposition / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1054

1. (Of space) To, unto, as far as, even to; also like, as. 2. (Of time/Conj.) Till now, whilst that, until, so that, to the degree that. 3. (Particle) Even (used to intensify meaning).

עַד

noun masculine • Root עדה • Strongs / High • Page 1054

Booty, spoil (parallel to plunder).

עַד

noun masculine • Root עדה • Strongs / High • Page 1054

Dress, ornament (found only in proper names).

עַד

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1054

Witness, testimony (collateral form of עֵד).

עַד

aram. prep. (aramaic) • Strongs / High • Page 1054

(Aramaic, same as Hebr. עַד 2) During, until, till at the last; to the intent that.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַד

m. subst. / preposition / conj. • Root עדה • Page 491

1. as a subst. eternity, duration. Ps. 9: 19. 19: 10. 2. as a subst. booty, prey. Gen. 49: 27. 3. as a prep. unto, until, spoken of time and space. Hab. 1: 2. 4. as a prep. during, while. Judg. 3: 26. 5. as a conj. until, construed with a pret. Josh.

עַד

chald. prep. and conj. • Page 492

As in Hebrew (preceding page).

Conjunction, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: αἰῶνα αἰῶνοσ μαρτύριον --- ἔτι

LXX Usage Statistics

H5703:

αἰῶνα 26× (37.6%)

αἰῶνοσ 24× (32.2%)

μαρτύριον 3× (5.4%)

--- 2× (4.2%)

ἔτι 2× (3.6%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And those understanding shall shine as the brightness of the firmament; and those justifying many, as the stars forever and ever.

LITV Translation:
And those who are wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament, and those turning many to righteousness as the stars forever and ever.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And the wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament, and some of the many righteous as the stars forever and ever.