Amos 5:9

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

המבליג הַמַּבְלִיג

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

בלג

bâlag

Definition

to break off or loose (in a favorable or unfavorable sense), i.e. desist (from grief) or invade (with destruction)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to break off or loose (in a favorable or unfavorable sense), i.e. desist (from grief) or invade (with destruction); comfort, (recover) strength(-en).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1082

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בָּלַג

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 246

(Kal not used) intr. to break forth or break in rashly and suddenly; Hif. הִבְלִיג 1. to cause to break in, to break loose. 2. to have splendour, i.e. to be clear.

בִּלְגָּה

noun proper masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 246

(bursting forth, i.e. firstborn) n. p. m. Neh. 12, 18.

בִּלְגַּי

noun proper masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 246

(the same) n. p. m. Neh. 10, 9.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בָּלַג

verb • Page 99

1. to shine, shine forth (Kal not used). Hiph: to cause to rise, to cause destruction to rise. Am. 5:9. 2. intrans. to be serene, joyful. Ps. 39:14. Job 9:27. 10:20.

Particle definite article, Verb Hiphil participle active masculine singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H1082:

No stats available

שד שֹׁד

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שד

shôd

Definition

violence, ravage

Root

or שוד; (Job 5:21), from H7736 (שוד);

Exhaustive

or שוד; (Job 5:21), from שוד; violence, ravage; desolation, destruction, oppression, robbery, spoil(-ed, -er, -ing), wasting.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7701

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שֹׁד

noun masculine • Root שדד • Strongs / High • Page 1384

masc. 1. (for שָׁדָה, from שָׁדַד I.) same as שַׁד a breast, only figur. of fullness. 2. (once שׁוֹד Job 5, 21, from שָׁדַד) severity, hardness, violence, unusual violence from the Almighty.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שֵׁד

noun masculine • Page 656

A lord; an evil demon. The names of idols are often used by the later Jews for demons.

שֹׁד

noun masculine • Root שד • Page 656

A mother's breast. (Identified as equivalent to שַׁד). Job 24: 9; Is. 60: 16.

שֹׁד

verb • Root שדד • Page 656

1. Violence, oppression; either actively or passively. Prov. 21: 7, 24: 2, Ps. 12: 6. 2. Desolation, destruction. Is. 51: 19, 59: 7, Jer. 48: 3, Hab. 2: 17.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ταλαιπωρίαν σύντριμμα ταλαιπωρία ὄλεθροσ ὡσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7701:

ταλαιπωρίαν 5× (18.2%)

σύντριμμα 3× (11.8%)

ταλαιπωρία 3× (9.9%)

ὄλεθροσ 2× (8.3%)

ὡσ 2× (7.7%)

ἄρχων 2× (6.4%)

ταλαιπωρίασ 2× (6.4%)

על עַל־

upon/against/yoke

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

על

ʻal

Definition

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Root

properly, the same as H5920 (על) used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as על used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications; above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5921

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַל

adjective / noun • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

Highest; same as עֶלְיוֹן. This form is abridged from עָלָה and derived from עָלַי (like יַד from יָדָה I.), serving as the construct form עֲלֵי (out of עֲלַאי).

עַל

preposition / adverb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

A preposition: upon, over, above, super, in the widest sense. It expresses protecting, covering, resting above upon (answering to 'where'); motion toward the upper surface (answering to 'whither?'); local direction to a more distant agency; or proximity/timing ('with, at'). Used figuratively as dat. commodi and incommodi, meaning a burden or duty upon one, or with certain verbs replacing the dative case. Also expresses motion down upon or up to, sometimes interchanging with אֶל.

עַל

preposition / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 1089

Preposition or Adverb meaning upon, over, at, above (denoting physical overtopping or mental superiority/dominion); expressing addition (to, reckoned to); proximity (by, around); suitability (according to); or occasionally used concessively (though, quanquam).

עַל

preposition / particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Properly, over, upon, concerning, notwithstanding, against, towards, for the sake of, on account of. Used to express position, antithesis, or distance (away from). After certain verbs, signifies giving way, removing, or fleeing. Also forms various compound particles (e.g., עַל-מָה, עַל-כֵּן, עַל אֲשֶׁר).

עַל

preposition (aramaic) • Root אלא • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew עַל. Means: Upon, over, on account of, unto, against, or dative. (Used with suffixes like עָלַי, עָלֵךְ, עֲלֵיהוֹן).

עַל

noun / prepos. • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה, listed as a noun and a preposition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַל

substantive / adverb / adjective • Root עלה • Page 507

Strictly a substantive meaning whatever is high or uppermost (Hos. 7:16, 11:7). Used as an adverb: (1.) 'above' (Gen. 27:39, 49:25; Ps. 50:4). Used as an adjective: (2.) 'high' (2 Sam. 23:1).

Preposition

LXX: ἐπὶ ἐπ' ἐφ' τοῦτο ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5921a:

ἐπὶ 1722× (33.1%)

ἐπ' 701× (13.4%)

ἐφ' 195× (3.7%)

τοῦτο 116× (1.9%)

'' 116× (1.9%)

περὶ 113× (2.2%)

ἀπὸ 108× (2.1%)

--- 108× (2.1%)

αὐτοὺσ 95× (1.6%)

εἰσ 93× (1.8%)

עז עָז

mighty one

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עז

ʻaz

Definition

strong, vehement, harsh

Root

from H5810 (עזז);

Exhaustive

from עזז; strong, vehement, harsh; fierce, [phrase] greedy, mighty, power, roughly, strong.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5794

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַז

adjective • Strongs / High • Page 1071

Strong, powerful, strict, violent, vehement, impetuous, irrepressible; exceeding all measure, hard, bold, shameless.

עַז

noun feminine • Strongs / High • Page 1072

The same (as the corresponding Hebrew root, meaning strength or goat).

עַז

adjective • Root עזז • Strongs / High • Page 1075

strong, mighty, bold. (Fem. עַזָּה)

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַז

verb • Root עזז • Page 498

Strong, mighty; spoken of a nation, Num. 13:28; of the wind, Ex. 14:21.

עַז

adjective • Page 499

Strong, well fortified (Num. 21:24); hard, cruel (Is. 19:4); fierce or cruel countenance (Deut. 28:50). As a substantive: strength (Gen. 49:3).

Adjective adjective both singular absolute

LXX: αὐθάδησ ἰσχύοσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5794:

αὐθάδησ 2× (8.1%)

ἰσχύοσ 2× (7.5%)

ושד וְשֹׁד

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שד

shôd

Definition

violence, ravage

Root

or שוד; (Job 5:21), from H7736 (שוד);

Exhaustive

or שוד; (Job 5:21), from שוד; violence, ravage; desolation, destruction, oppression, robbery, spoil(-ed, -er, -ing), wasting.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7701

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שֹׁד

noun masculine • Root שדד • Strongs / High • Page 1384

masc. 1. (for שָׁדָה, from שָׁדַד I.) same as שַׁד a breast, only figur. of fullness. 2. (once שׁוֹד Job 5, 21, from שָׁדַד) severity, hardness, violence, unusual violence from the Almighty.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שֵׁד

noun masculine • Page 656

A lord; an evil demon. The names of idols are often used by the later Jews for demons.

שֹׁד

noun masculine • Root שד • Page 656

A mother's breast. (Identified as equivalent to שַׁד). Job 24: 9; Is. 60: 16.

שֹׁד

verb • Root שדד • Page 656

1. Violence, oppression; either actively or passively. Prov. 21: 7, 24: 2, Ps. 12: 6. 2. Desolation, destruction. Is. 51: 19, 59: 7, Jer. 48: 3, Hab. 2: 17.

Conjunction, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ταλαιπωρίαν σύντριμμα ταλαιπωρία ὄλεθροσ ὡσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7701:

ταλαιπωρίαν 5× (18.2%)

σύντριμμα 3× (11.8%)

ταλαιπωρία 3× (9.9%)

ὄλεθροσ 2× (8.3%)

ὡσ 2× (7.7%)

ἄρχων 2× (6.4%)

ταλαιπωρίασ 2× (6.4%)

על עַל־

upon/against/yoke

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

על

ʻal

Definition

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Root

properly, the same as H5920 (על) used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as על used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications; above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5921

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַל

adjective / noun • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

Highest; same as עֶלְיוֹן. This form is abridged from עָלָה and derived from עָלַי (like יַד from יָדָה I.), serving as the construct form עֲלֵי (out of עֲלַאי).

עַל

preposition / adverb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

A preposition: upon, over, above, super, in the widest sense. It expresses protecting, covering, resting above upon (answering to 'where'); motion toward the upper surface (answering to 'whither?'); local direction to a more distant agency; or proximity/timing ('with, at'). Used figuratively as dat. commodi and incommodi, meaning a burden or duty upon one, or with certain verbs replacing the dative case. Also expresses motion down upon or up to, sometimes interchanging with אֶל.

עַל

preposition / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 1089

Preposition or Adverb meaning upon, over, at, above (denoting physical overtopping or mental superiority/dominion); expressing addition (to, reckoned to); proximity (by, around); suitability (according to); or occasionally used concessively (though, quanquam).

עַל

preposition / particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Properly, over, upon, concerning, notwithstanding, against, towards, for the sake of, on account of. Used to express position, antithesis, or distance (away from). After certain verbs, signifies giving way, removing, or fleeing. Also forms various compound particles (e.g., עַל-מָה, עַל-כֵּן, עַל אֲשֶׁר).

עַל

preposition (aramaic) • Root אלא • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew עַל. Means: Upon, over, on account of, unto, against, or dative. (Used with suffixes like עָלַי, עָלֵךְ, עֲלֵיהוֹן).

עַל

noun / prepos. • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה, listed as a noun and a preposition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַל

substantive / adverb / adjective • Root עלה • Page 507

Strictly a substantive meaning whatever is high or uppermost (Hos. 7:16, 11:7). Used as an adverb: (1.) 'above' (Gen. 27:39, 49:25; Ps. 50:4). Used as an adjective: (2.) 'high' (2 Sam. 23:1).

Preposition

LXX: ἐπὶ ἐπ' ἐφ' τοῦτο ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5921a:

ἐπὶ 1722× (33.1%)

ἐπ' 701× (13.4%)

ἐφ' 195× (3.7%)

τοῦτο 116× (1.9%)

'' 116× (1.9%)

περὶ 113× (2.2%)

ἀπὸ 108× (2.1%)

--- 108× (2.1%)

αὐτοὺσ 95× (1.6%)

εἰσ 93× (1.8%)

מבצר מִבְצָר

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מבצר

mibtsâr

Definition

a fortification, castle, or fortified city; figuratively, a defender

Root

also (in plural) feminine (Daniel 11:l5) מבצרה; from H1219 (בצר);

Exhaustive

also (in plural) feminine (Daniel 11:l5) מבצרה; from בצר; a fortification, castle, or fortified city; figuratively, a defender; (de-, most) fenced, fortress, (most) strong (hold).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4013

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מִבְצָר

masculine noun • Root בצר • Strongs / High • Page 803

A fortification, fortress, citadel.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִבְצָר

m. plur. -ים verbal • Root בצר • Page 353

a fortified place, a fortress. Is. 17:3. עִיר מִבְצָר a fenced city, Num. 32: 17, 36. Josh. 10: 20. 19:35. Perhaps applied to fortified temples, Dan. 11: 39.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ὀχυρώματα ὀχυρὰσ ὀχύρωμα ὀχυρὰν τειχήρεισ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4013:

ὀχυρώματα 5× (11.1%)

ὀχυρὰσ 3× (7.6%)

ὀχύρωμα 3× (7.6%)

ὀχυρὰν 2× (5.6%)

τειχήρεισ 2× (5.2%)

ὀχυρώματά 2× (4.8%)

יבוא יָבוֹא׃

he is coming

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בוא

bôwʼ

Definition

to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H935

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בּוֹא

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 224

1. To go, to wander; usually with announcing the limit of one's going. 2. To arrive, to come at (distinguished from הָלַךְ in expressing the limit of going). In this sense metaphorically: a) to be born, to appear; b) to reach to one, to be equal to him; c) to reach inanimate things; d) to come upon, to fall upon (suddenly), e.g., of an enemy or calamity; e) to come to pass, to be fulfilled (of wishes, promises); f) of inanimate things, to come near; g) applied to time; h) with the preposition בְּ, to come with somewhat, i.e., to bring.

בּוֹא

verb • Root בוא • Strongs_Numbers • Page 225

To go in, to enter, to come; to arrive; to go down (of the sun).

בּוֹא

verb • Root בוא • Strongs_Numbers • Page 755

to come to

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בּוֹא

verb • Page 88

1. to go or come in, to enter. Gen. 6:18. Frequently opposed to יָצָא. 2. to lie with a woman, inire feminam. Gen. 16:2. 3. spoken of the sun, to set, go down (below the horizon). Gen. 15:17. 28:11.

בּוֹא

verb • Page 89

To go in, to enter, to come. Includes many specific idioms: to conduct oneself (Josh. 15:18); to come in as revenue (1 K. 10:14); to enter into a covenant (2 Chr. 15:12); to come upon someone or befall them (Lam. 1:10); to come to pass or be fulfilled (Prov. 13:12); to bring something (with ב, Ps. 66:13); to obtain (Ps. 69:28). Hiphil: to bring in, carry in, or lead (2 Sam. 9:10). Hophal: passive (Lev. 10:18).

Verb Qal imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0935:

No stats available

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
Causing desolation to shine forth upon the strong one and desolation shall come against the fortress.

LITV Translation:
who flashes out with destruction on the strong; yea, destruction comes on the fortress.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
who dispenses ruin to strength, and brings distress upon the fortress.