Amos 5:10

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

שנאו שָׂנְאוּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שנא

sânêʼ

Definition

to hate (personally)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to hate (personally); enemy, foe, (be) hate(-ful, -r), odious, [idiom] utterly.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8130

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׂנֵא

verb • Root שנא • Strongs / High • Page 755

to hate

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שְׂנֵא

chald. • Page 641

to hate. Part. שָׂנֵא an enemy, Dan. 4: 16. [4: 19.]

שָׂנֵא

verb • Page 641

1. to hate, construed with an accus. and with ל. Deut. 4: 42. 19: 4. 2. when used in opposition to אָהַב, merely comparatively, to love less, to slight. Deut. 21: 15. Niph. pass. Prov. 14: 17.

שְׁנָא

verb • Root שנה • Page 690

(after the Chaldaic form) to be changed. Lam. 4: 1. Pu. idem. Ecc. 8: 1.

שְׁנָא

verb • Page 690

1. to be changed or altered. Dan. 6: 18. 3: 27. Particularly to be changed for the worse. Dan. 5: 6. 2. to be different, diverse. Dan. 7: 3, 19, 23, 24. Pa. to change, alter, transform. Dan. 4: 13. Ithpa. to change itself. Dan. 2: 9. Aph. to change, alter, transgress. Dan. 2: 21; Ezra 6: 11, 12.

שְׁנָא

f. chald. • Root ישן • Page 690

sleep. Dan. 6: 19.

שֵׁנָא

noun feminine • Root ישן • Page 690

sleep. Ps. 127: 2.

Verb Qal perfect third person common plural

LXX: ἐμίσησα μισῶν μισεῖ μισοῦντεσ μισοῦντάσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H8130:

ἐμίσησα 16× (11.0%)

μισῶν 10× (6.0%)

μισεῖ 10× (7.1%)

μισοῦντεσ 9× (5.1%)

μισοῦντάσ 7× (4.2%)

μισοῦντέσ 7× (4.2%)

μισούντων 6× (3.4%)

ἐμίσησασ 5× (3.5%)

μεμίσηκα 4× (2.9%)

ἐμίσησαν 4× (2.9%)

בשער בַשַּׁעַר

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שער

shaʻar

Definition

an opening, i.e. door or gate

Root

from H8176 (שער) in its original sense;

Exhaustive

from שער in its original sense; an opening, i.e. door or gate; city, door, gate, port ([idiom] -er).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8179

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שַׁעַר

noun masculine • Root שער • Strongs / High • Page 1466

1. Prop. cleft, aperture, a gate (of a city, camp, temple, palace, etc.). Often refers to a gate-building, a place of public resort or forum where trials were held and business transacted. Figuratively used for entrances (of heaven, deep, rivers). 2. A measure, hundredfold.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שֹׁעֵר

adjective • Page 694

vile, mean, detestable, spoken of figs. Jer. 29: 17.

שַׁעַר

verb • Root שער • Page 693

to think, estimate. Once Prov. 23:7. (Chald. שַׁעַר to measure. Arab. שער to fix a price.)

שַׁעַר

m. verbal • Root שער • Page 693

I. a measure. Once Gen. 26:12. מֵאָה שְׁעָרִים an hundred measures, i. e. an hundred fold.

שַׁעַר

com. gen. prim. • Root שער • Page 693

II. a gate, porta. In the gate the orientals have their market and their courts of judgment (Prov. 22:22, Amos 5:10). Thither the people assemble to pass away time (Gen. 19:1, Ps. 69:13). Lists various gates of Jerusalem including: the fountain-gate (Neh. 2:14), the dung-gate (Neh. 2:13), the valley-gate (Neh. 2:13), the corner-gate (Is. 31:38), the gate of Ephraim (Neh. 8:16), the old gate (Neh. 3:6), the first gate (Zech. 14:10), the fish-gate (Neh. 3:3), the sheep-gate (Neh. 3:1), the review-gate (Neh. 3:31), the horse-gate (Neh. 3:28), the water-gate (Neh. 3:26), and the prison-gate (Neh. 12:39).

Preposition -Within Art, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: πύλησ πύλην πύλαισ πύλῃ πύλη

LXX Usage Statistics

H8179:

πύλησ 104× (27.0%)

πύλην 43× (10.8%)

πύλαισ 27× (6.6%)

πύλῃ 26× (5.9%)

πύλη 24× (6.3%)

πύλαι 21× (5.4%)

'' 19× (4.9%)

πύλασ 18× (4.7%)

πόλεσίν 16× (3.6%)

πυλῶν 16× (3.8%)

מוכיח מוֹכיחַ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יכח

yâkach

Definition

to be right (i.e. correct); reciprocal, to argue; causatively, to decide, justify or convict

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to be right (i.e. correct); reciprocal, to argue; causatively, to decide, justify or convict; appoint, argue, chasten, convince, correct(-ion), daysman, dispute, judge, maintain, plead, reason (together), rebuke, reprove(-r), surely, in any wise.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3198

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָכַח

verb • Root יכח • Strongs / High • Page 606

Verb root. (Kal form not used) 1. To be strong, firm, powerful. 2. Figuratively: to be established, strengthened, proved, justified. This meaning is found in the Nifal, Hifil, Hofal, and Hithpael forms.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָכַח

verb • Root וגח • Page 282

In Kal not used, prob. i. q. Arab. וגח, to be clear, evident. Hiph. הוֹכִיחַ: 1. to show, prove (Job 13:15). 2. to correct, reprove, convince, refute (Job 32:12, Prov. 9:7). 3. to rebuke, reproach, censure (Job 6:25, Gen. 21:25). 4. to punish, spoken particularly of God (Job 5:17, Prov. 3:12, Ps. 6:2). 5. to judge, decide, i. q. שָׁפַט (Is. 11:3, Gen. 31:37). 6. to appoint or destine for any one (Gen. 24:14, 44). 7. to contend with any one (Job 13:3, 16:21). Niph. נוֹכַח: 1. to be confuted (Gen. 20:16). 2. recipr. to contend with any one (Job 23:7, Is. 1:18).

Verb Hiphil participle active masculine singular absolute

LXX: ἐλέγξει ἐλέγχων ἐλέγξω ἤλεγξεν ἔλεγχοσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3198:

ἐλέγξει 8× (12.8%)

ἐλέγχων 6× (9.6%)

ἐλέγξω 5× (7.9%)

ἤλεγξεν 5× (6.9%)

ἔλεγχοσ 3× (3.6%)

ἐλέγξῃσ 2× (3.4%)

ἐλέγχοντα 2× (3.4%)

ἔλεγχε 2× (3.4%)

---% 2× (2.9%)

ἐλέγχοντασ 2× (2.6%)

ודבר וְדֹבֵר

and he has ordered words

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

דבר

dâbar

Definition

perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue; answer, appoint, bid, command, commune, declare, destroy, give, name, promise, pronounce, rehearse, say, speak, be spokesman, subdue, talk, teach, tell, think, use (entreaties), utter, [idiom] well, [idiom] work.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1696

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

דִּבֶּר

verb / piel stem • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 350

To speak, in the widest usage; to speak what is spoken. It has many nuances depending on the preposition used, such as to reveal, promise, command, threaten, declare, or speak against/on behalf of someone.

Matched via consonantal key only

דֶּ֫בֶר

noun masculine • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 353

Snatching away, hence destruction, ruin, pestilence.

Matched via consonantal key only

דֶּ֫בֶר

m. / noun proper • Consonantal / Medium • Page 353

An unused word for pasture, hence the proper name לֹא דְּבַר or לוֹ דְּבַר (Lo-debar), a place name.

Matched via consonantal key only

דֶּבֶר

noun • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 351

Pestilence, plague. Derived from the figurative sense of דָּבַר II (to destroy).

Matched via consonantal key only

דָּבַר

verb • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 350

To range, to put together in a row, to set in order, to bind together, especially words, i.e. to speak. (This form, Kal, appears only in the participle).

Matched via consonantal key only

דָּבַר

verb • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 351

A verb root with multiple senses. I. to speak (expressed in derived conjugations). Pi'el (דִּבֶּר): to speak. Puhal (דֻּבַּר): to be promised, to be wooed. Hithpa'el (הִדַּבֵּר): to talk with one another.

Matched via consonantal key only

דָּבַר

verb • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 351

A verb root with multiple senses. II. (Kal not used) to drive, to lead, to guide. Figuratively: to snatch away, destroy. Pi'el (דִּבֵּר): to snatch away, to destroy. Hif'il (הִדְבִּיר): to drive, lead, subjugate.

Matched via consonantal key only

דָּבַר

verb • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 351

A verb root with multiple senses. III. (not used) to be behind, to follow, to pursue.

Matched via consonantal key only

דָּבַר

verb • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 351

A verb root with multiple senses. IV. (not used) transposed from דבק, meaning to stick, to pierce.

Matched via consonantal key only

דָּבָר

noun masculine • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 351

A word, a saying, a speech, a matter, a thing. Derived from דָּבַר I (to speak).

Matched via consonantal key only

דָּבָר

noun • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 352

A word; speech, discourse, saying, oracle; command, precept, law, regulation; an inquiry, account, answer; utterance of God, revelation, oracle; decree, plan, proposal; report, news; a thing, matter, object of discourse; occurrence, action, history, affairs; relation, reference, way; cause, suit at law, ground.

Matched via consonantal key only

דֹּ֫בֶר

noun masculine • Root דבר , דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 353

1. pasture. 2. back, turning of the back, progress.

Matched via consonantal key only

דֹּבֶר

noun • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 351

Pasture. Derived from דָּבַר II (to lead, to guide).

Matched via consonantal key only

דְּבֵר

proper name • Consonantal / Medium • Page 353

A reference to the proper name דְּבִיר (Debir).

Matched via consonantal key only

דַּבָּר

noun masculine • Root דבר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 353

The speaker, i.e. the spirit of God which speaks out of the prophets.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

דָּבַר

verb • Page 154

To speak; used in various idioms: 3. to speak with one's self or meditate (Gen. 24:45). 4. to speak or promise good concerning any one (Num. 10:29). 5. to speak kindly with any one (2 K. 25:28). 6. to speak kindly or peaceably (Ps. 28:3). 7. to pass sentence against (2 K. 25:6). Sense 2: to destroy (2 Chr. 22:10), derived from 'to drive away'. Includes Niph. (to speak together, Mal. 3:16), Hiph. (to subdue, Ps. 18:48), and Hithpa. (2 Sam. 14:13).

דֶּבֶר

m. plur. דְּבָרִים • Root דבר • Page 155

Pestilence. (Ex. 9:3, Lev. 26:25, Deut. 28:21, Hos. 13:14). Ideas of death and pestilence are often expressed by the same word.

דֹּבֶר

noun masculine • Root דבר • Page 155

A fold, pasture. (Mic. 2:12, Is. 5:17). Comparable to Syriac and Arabic terms for a field.

דָּבַר

verb • Root דבר • Page 153

1. Probably as its primary signification, to lead, to drive. Hence the derivatives דָּבָר, דִּבְרָה, מִדְבָּר. 2. To put in order, to arrange, connect; and hence to connect words, to speak. In Kal found in the participle דֹּבֵר and the infinitive דַּבֵּר (Ps. 51:6). Much more common in Pi. דִּבֶּר (fut. יְדַבֵּר) meaning to speak, loquor (different from אָמַר to say). Covers various grammatical constructions including speaking to (preceded by אֶל, לְ, or עִם), speaking of (preceded by אֶת or עַל), and speaking against (preceded by בְּ or אֶל). Also used to mean 'to promise' (Deut. 19:8).

Conjunction, Verb Qal participle active masculine singular absolute

LXX: ἐλάλησεν λάλησον ἐλάλησα λαλήσω εἶπεν

LXX Usage Statistics

H1696:

ἐλάλησεν 344× (29.7%)

λάλησον 62× (5.7%)

ἐλάλησα 51× (4.6%)

λαλήσω 44× (3.9%)

εἶπεν 44× (3.8%)

λαλῆσαι 42× (3.6%)

ἐλάλησασ 38× (3.4%)

ἐλάλησαν 38× (3.3%)

'' 27× (2.1%)

λαλῶν 26× (2.3%)

תמים תָּמים

completeness/wholeness

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

תמים

tâmîym

Definition

entire (literally, figuratively or morally); also (as noun) integrity, truth

Root

from H8552 (תמם);

Exhaustive

from תמם; entire (literally, figuratively or morally); also (as noun) integrity, truth; without blemish, complete, full, perfect, sincerely (-ity), sound, without spot, undefiled, upright(-ly), whole.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8549

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

תֻּמִּים

m. pl. prop. • Root תם • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1518

Perfection, innocence (a plural form of תֹּם); hence the LXX ἀλήθεια veritas. Used with אוּרִים for the figures attached to the חשֶׁן, symbolizing revelation and truth, which constituted the high priest's right to give judicial decisions and divine directions (Ex. 28, 30; Lev. 8, 8; Deut. 33, 8).

Matched via consonantal key only

תָּמִים

adjective • Root תמם • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1517

(from תָּמַם) adj. m., תְּמִימָה f. whole, entire (Lev. 3, 9); free from blemish, sound, of sacrifices (Ex. 12, 5); Fig. blameless, innocent, upright, pious (Gen. 6, 9); perfect, of the Law (Ps. 19, 8); also true (Am. 5, 10).

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

תֹּמִים

masc. plur. • Page 717

Doubled, double. Ex. 26: 24; 36: 29. A contraction of תְּאֹמִים.

תָּמִים

verb • Root תמם • Page 718

1. Complete, whole. 2. Without blemish, sound, uninjured, integer; spoken of sacrificial victims or persons. 3. Perfect. Verse references: Lev. 3:9; 25:30; Josh. 10:13; Ex. 12:5; Lev. 1:3; Prov. 1:12; Job 36:4; 37:16; Ps. 19:8.

Adjective adjective both singular absolute

LXX: ἄμωμον ἀμώμουσ ἄμωμοσ ἄμωμοι ἄμωμα

LXX Usage Statistics

H8549:

ἄμωμον 28× (31.0%)

ἀμώμουσ 18× (19.9%)

ἄμωμοσ 8× (8.8%)

ἄμωμοι 6× (6.5%)

ἄμωμα 4× (4.4%)

ἀμώμῳ 2× (2.2%)

τέλειοσ 2× (2.2%)

ἄμεμπτοσ 2× (2.0%)

τελειότητι 2× (1.5%)

יתעבו יְתָעֵבוּ׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

תעב

taʻâb

Definition

to loathe, i.e. (morally) detest

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to loathe, i.e. (morally) detest; (make to be) abhor(-red), (be, commit more, do) abominable(-y), [idiom] utterly.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8581

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הִתְעַבֵּר

verb hithpael • Root עבר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1048

To be provoked, irritated, to fall into a passion, to get wroth; to be haughty.

מַתְעֵב

noun masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 928

An object of aversion. Properly a participle in Pihel.

תָּעַב

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1523

(Kal not used) To be objectionable, despicable, detestable, injurious, adverse. (Nif. to be abominable, corrupt, rejected. Pih. to abhor, despise, put away).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

תָּעַב

verb • Root תאב • Page 722

Pi. 1. to loathe, abominate, abhor (Deut. 7:26, Job 9:31, Ps. 5:7). 2. to make to be abhorred, to pollute (Ezek. 16:25, Is. 49:7). Hiph. to make abominable or shameful (Ps. 14:1, 1 K. 21:26). Niph. pass. to be an aversion, abhorrence (1 Chr. 21:6, Job 15:16, Is. 14:19).

Verb Piel imperfect third person masculine plural

LXX: ἐβδελύξαντο βδελύξῃ ἐβδελύξατο ἐβδελυγμένοσ ἐβδελύχθησαν

LXX Usage Statistics

H8581:

ἐβδελύξαντο 3× (13.9%)

βδελύξῃ 3× (13.9%)

ἐβδελύξατο 3× (13.2%)

ἐβδελυγμένοσ 2× (9.2%)

ἐβδελύχθησαν 2× (7.9%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
They hated him setting right in the gate, and they will abhor the perfect word.

LITV Translation:
They hate him who rebukes in the gate, and they despise him who speaks uprightly.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
They hated him that reproved in the gates, and abhorred holy speech.