2 Samuel 6:14

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ודוד וְדָוִד

and Beloved

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

דוד

Dâvid

Definition

David, the youngest son of Jesse

Root

rarely (fully); דויד; from the same as H1730 (דוד); loving;

Exhaustive

rarely (fully); דויד; from the same as דוד; loving; David, the youngest son of Jesse; David.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1732

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

דָּוִד

proper noun • Root דוד • Strongs / High • Page 358

Proper noun of the famous Israelite king, founder of a dynasty (1055-1015 B.C.) and chief composer of the Psalter. Meaning loving, joiner, or beloved.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

דָּוִד

noun masculine • Root , דוד • Page 158

David, son of Jesse, king of Israel. 1 Sam. xvi. ff. 2 Sam. 1 Chr. xii.-xxx. Zion, 1 K. 3:1. The posterity of David, the royal family, Is. 7:2, 13.

Conjunction, Noun proper name masculine

LXX: δαυιδ '' --- ὡσ αὐτοῦ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1732:

δαυιδ 966× (90.3%)

'' 45× (3.7%)

--- 28× (2.7%)

ὡσ 9× (0.9%)

αὐτοῦ 2× (0.2%)

ψαλμὸσ 2× (0.2%)

βασιλεὺσ 2× (0.2%)

βασιλεῖ 2× (0.2%)

מכרכר מְכַרְכֵּר

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כרר

kârar

Definition

to dance (i.e. whirl)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to dance (i.e. whirl); dance(-ing).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3769

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כָּרַר

verb • Root כרר • Strongs / High • Page 741

II. (not used) II. intrans. 1. to be round, circular; to be encircled, enclosed. 2. to move round, to turn in a circle; metaphorically, to run swiftly. 3. to bind about, to enclose, to cover around.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כָּרַר

verb • Page 331

to dance, 2 Sam. 6:14, 16. i. q. רָקַד in the parallel passage 1 Chr. 15:29.

Verb Piel participle active masculine singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H3769:

No stats available

בכל בְּכָל־

within the whole

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כל

kôl

Definition

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

Root

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from H3634 (כלל);

Exhaustive

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from כלל; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense); (in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3605

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כֹּל

noun / masculine • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 695

Properly 'all, whole, totality'. 1. Used adjectivally to mean 'all' or 'the whole of', as in 'all the earth'. 2. Describes a plurality of individual persons or things, translated as 'all'.

כֹּל

substantive / adverb • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 696

A substantive meaning all, the whole, every, any. When used with a negative, it means none at all. It can also function as an adverb meaning wholly or altogether.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כֹּל

chald. • Page 316

Same as Hebrew (all, every). Often appears with Makkeph as -כֹּל. References: Dan. 2:40, 4:9, 18, 25.

כֹּל

m. verbal • Root כלל • Page 315

A substantive meaning 'all', 'the whole', or 'totality'. Frequently used as an adjective (Jer. 33:8). 1. all. 2. every one.

Preposition, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: πάντα πᾶσ πάντεσ πᾶν πάντασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3605:

πάντα 921× (17.0%)

πᾶσ 451× (8.4%)

πάντεσ 441× (8.4%)

πᾶν 351× (6.5%)

πάντασ 297× (5.6%)

πᾶσαν 267× (4.9%)

πάντων 242× (4.4%)

πάσασ 230× (4.4%)

--- 227× (4.5%)

πᾶσα 214× (4.0%)

עז עֹז

mighty one

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עז

ʻôz

Definition

strength in various applications (force, security, majesty, praise)

Root

or (fully) עוז; from H5810 (עזז);

Exhaustive

or (fully) עוז; from עזז; strength in various applications (force, security, majesty, praise); boldness, loud, might, power, strength, strong.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5797

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עֹז

substantive • Strongs / High • Page 1071

Strength, power, might; used concretely for a fortress; metaphorically for harsh words or strong confidence.

עֹז

noun masculine • Root עז • Strongs / High • Page 1072

1. Might, strength (of God, men, or animals); also reckless boldness, defiance, violence, power of thunder, anger, courage, firmness. 2. Protecting power, refuge, defence, shelter, deliverance.

עֹז

noun masculine • Root עזז • Strongs / High • Page 1074

Might, strength (of war or God).

עֹז

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1075

power, strength, might. (Ar. عِزّ, Syr. ܚܶܝܠܴ is the same.)

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עֹז

noun • Root עזז • Page 499

Strength, might, power, of God or man (Judg. 5:21); security (Judg. 9:51); glory, majesty (Hab. 3:4; Ps. 96:6); praise (Ps. 8:3); an arrogant or wicked look (Ecc. 8:1).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ἰσχύοσ δυνάμει κράτοσ ἰσχὺν αὐτῆσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5797:

ἰσχύοσ 15× (14.9%)

δυνάμει 7× (6.2%)

κράτοσ 6× (5.8%)

ἰσχὺν 5× (5.2%)

αὐτῆσ 5× (4.2%)

δύναμισ 4× (3.9%)

δύναμιν 3× (3.3%)

δυνάμεωσ 3× (3.1%)

ἰσχύσ 3× (3.0%)

ἰσχύν 3× (3.0%)

לפני לִפְנֵי

to the faces

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

פנים

pânîym

Definition

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.)

Root

plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun פנה; from H6437 (פנה));

Exhaustive

plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun פנה; from פנה); the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.); [phrase] accept, a-(be-) fore(-time), against, anger, [idiom] as (long as), at, [phrase] battle, [phrase] because (of), [phrase] beseech, countenance, edge, [phrase] employ, endure, [phrase] enquire, face, favour, fear of, for, forefront(-part), form(-er time, -ward), from, front, heaviness, [idiom] him(-self), [phrase] honourable, [phrase] impudent, [phrase] in, it, look(-eth) (-s), [idiom] me, [phrase] meet, [idiom] more than, mouth, of, off, (of) old (time), [idiom] on, open, [phrase] out of, over against, the partial, person, [phrase] please, presence, propect, was purposed, by reason of, [phrase] regard, right forth, [phrase] serve, [idiom] shewbread, sight, state, straight, [phrase] street, [idiom] thee, [idiom] them(-selves), through ([phrase] -out), till, time(-s) past, (un-) to(-ward), [phrase] upon, upside ([phrase] down), with(-in, [phrase] -stand), [idiom] ye, [idiom] you.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6440

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

פָּנִים

m. pl. • Root פנה • Strongs / High • Page 1177

Properly the visible, external side. 1. The upper surface, superficies (of earth, water, covering); outside, aspect. 2. The face (the visible part, often as a collective idea).

פָּנִים

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1178

Face, countenances, presence, visibility. Used idiomatically for proximity (without delay), the front (of a thing), direction, look, mien (serenity, sadness); also used reflexively for the personal pronoun ('I myself').

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

פָּנִים

noun masculine plural • Page 546

1. A face, countenance (Ezek. 1:6, Gen. 32:31). 2. Appearance, looks (1 Sam. 1:18, Job 9:27). 3. Surface, facies, superficies (Gen. 2:6, Is. 14:21, Job 38:30). 4. The front or forepart, as in an army (Joel 2:20, Ezek. 2:10, Deut. 2:10). 5. Equivalent to פֶּה a mouth or edge (Ecc. 10:10). 6. A person, personal presence (Ex. 33:14, 2 Sam. 17:11, Lam. 4:16). 7. Combined with prepositions, especially לִפְנֵי (before, in space or time, east of, or against).

Preposition, Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX: προσώπου πρόσωπον ἐναντίον ἐνώπιον ἔναντι

LXX Usage Statistics

H6440:

προσώπου 450× (19.3%)

πρόσωπον 321× (14.0%)

ἐναντίον 190× (9.5%)

ἐνώπιον 176× (8.9%)

ἔναντι 157× (7.9%)

πρόσωπόν 105× (4.6%)

ἔμπροσθεν 82× (4.0%)

ἐνώπιόν 48× (2.4%)

--- 45× (2.3%)

'' 43× (1.8%)

יהוה יְהוָה

He Is

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יהוה

Yᵉhôvâh

Definition

Jehovah, Jewish national name of God

Root

from H1961 (היה); (the) self-Existent or Eternal;

Exhaustive

from היה; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of God; Jehovah, the Lord. Compare יה, יהוה.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3068

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יְהֹוָה

noun masculine • Root יהה • Strongs / High • Page 590

A pre-Mosaic old Semitic name of the supreme God, which was specially revealed for the older אֵל at the establishment of the Mosaic religion, as an abstract of all divine greatness and holiness.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יְהֹוָה

proper name • Page 275

The proper name of the deity among the ancient Hebrews. Interpreted as 'the eternal, unchangeable, true' or 'he who is as he shall be.' The text discusses various ancient pronunciations (IAΩ, IABE, IETΩ) and its derivation from the future of הָיָה.

Noun proper name

LXX: κύριοσ κυρίου κυρίῳ κύριον κύριε

LXX Usage Statistics

H3068:

κύριοσ 2605× (41.8%)

κυρίου 1742× (27.8%)

κυρίῳ 598× (8.8%)

κύριον 473× (7.1%)

κύριε 336× (5.4%)

--- 129× (2.1%)

'' 95× (1.3%)

θεὸσ 76× (1.0%)

θεοῦ 69× (0.9%)

θεῷ 28× (0.4%)

ודוד וְדָוִ֕ד

and Beloved

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

דוד

Dâvid

Definition

David, the youngest son of Jesse

Root

rarely (fully); דויד; from the same as H1730 (דוד); loving;

Exhaustive

rarely (fully); דויד; from the same as דוד; loving; David, the youngest son of Jesse; David.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1732

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

דָּוִד

proper noun • Root דוד • Strongs / High • Page 358

Proper noun of the famous Israelite king, founder of a dynasty (1055-1015 B.C.) and chief composer of the Psalter. Meaning loving, joiner, or beloved.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

דָּוִד

noun masculine • Root , דוד • Page 158

David, son of Jesse, king of Israel. 1 Sam. xvi. ff. 2 Sam. 1 Chr. xii.-xxx. Zion, 1 K. 3:1. The posterity of David, the royal family, Is. 7:2, 13.

Conjunction, Noun proper name masculine

LXX: δαυιδ '' --- ὡσ αὐτοῦ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1732:

δαυιδ 966× (90.3%)

'' 45× (3.7%)

--- 28× (2.7%)

ὡσ 9× (0.9%)

αὐτοῦ 2× (0.2%)

ψαλμὸσ 2× (0.2%)

βασιλεὺσ 2× (0.2%)

βασιλεῖ 2× (0.2%)

חגור חָגוּר

Gird

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חגר

châgar

Definition

to gird on (as a belt, armor, etc.)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to gird on (as a belt, armor, etc.); be able to put on, be afraid, appointed, gird, restrain, [idiom] on every side.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2296

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חָגַר

verb • Root חגר • Strongs / High • Page 458

1. To bind firmly about, to enclose, to gird about, to wrap round. 2. By transposition from חָרַג, to tremble, to quake, to flee trembling.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חָגַר

verb • Page 214

1. to gird, to gird up, to gird on. It is construed with an accus. of the part girded (Prov. 31:17; 2 K. 4:29; 9:1), or with an accus. of the garment or girdle (1 Sam. 17:39; 25:13; Ps. 45:4; Is. 15:3; Jer. 49:3; 2 K. 3:21; Joel 1:8, 13; 2 Sam. 21:16; Ps. 65:13; 76:11). 2. to gird one's self (Ezek. 44:18; 1 K. 20:11; 2 Sam. 22:46).

Verb Qal participle passive masculine singular absolute

LXX: περιζώσασθε περιεζωσμένοσ περιεζωσμένοι ἔζωσεν ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H2296:

περιζώσασθε 6× (14.5%)

περιεζωσμένοσ 3× (7.4%)

περιεζωσμένοι 3× (7.0%)

ἔζωσεν 3× (6.3%)

'' 3× (6.3%)

ζῶσαι 2× (4.9%)

περίζωσαι 2× (4.9%)

περιεζώσαντο 2× (4.6%)

περιζώσονται 2× (4.6%)

אפוד אֵפוֹד

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אפוד

ʼêphôwd

Definition

a girdle; specifically the ephod or highpriest's shoulder-piece; also generally, an image

Root

rarely אפד; probably of foreign derivation

Exhaustive

rarely אפד; probably of foreign derivation; a girdle; specifically the ephod or highpriest's shoulder-piece; also generally, an image; ephod.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H646

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵפוֹד

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 174

Prop. veiling, clothing, but especially: 1. Of the upper priestly or kingly garment or shoulder-covering, ephod. 2. As pertaining especially to the priests it was used for a sign of oracle-giving, an oracle-image. 3. As a proper name (oracle-giver).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֵפוֹד

noun masculine • Root אפד • Page 65

the ephod, a covering for the breast or shoulders, in the dress of the high-priest. It was a short coat, one cubit long, consisting of two parts, one of which went before and the other behind. Ex. 28: 6—12. 2 Sam. 6: 14.

Noun common both singular construct

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0646:

No stats available

בד בָּד׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בד

bad

Definition

flaxen thread or yarn; hence, a linen garment

Root

perhaps from H909 (בדד) (in the sense of divided fibres);

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H906

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בֵּד

abbreviation • Root עבד • Lemma_Lookup • Page 220

abridged from עֶבֶד, and still more בַּד, in proper names compounded with it

בַּד

noun masculine • Root בדד • Lemma_Lookup • Page 219

I. 1. dismembered, singled out, separated; hence separation, part. 2. solitude, emptiness. Used as a preposition/adverb (לְבַד) meaning: alone, only, besides, except.

בַּד

noun masculine • Root בדד • Lemma_Lookup • Page 219

II. 1. yarn, thread, yarn-web; particularly white linen garments of priests. 2. branches of a tree, poles, bars, staves; members of the body.

בַּד

noun masculine • Root בדד • Lemma_Lookup • Page 219

III. speech, talk, chatter; hence lies, brag; liars/astrologers.

בַּד

unknown • Lemma_Lookup • Page 220

see בַּדּ

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בַּד

dec. viii. h. • Page 86

I. 1. Vain speaking, boasting, lying. Job 11: 3. Is. 16: 6. Jer. 48: 30. 2. Liar, boaster. Is. 44: 25. Jer. 50: 36.

בַּד

strictly a verbal • Root בדד • Page 86

II. Denoting being single or separate, separation. Hence לְבַד (adv.) (1) in separation, separately, apart, (2) only, alone, (3) לְבַד מִן and מִלְּבַד besides, except. (4) Joined with suffixes as לְבַדִּי (I alone). Gen. 43: 32. Ps. 71: 16.

בַּד

noun masculine • Page 86

III. White, fine linen, i. q. שֵׁשׁ. Ex. 28: 42. Lev. 6: 10. Plur. בַּדִּים linen garments. Ezek. 9: 2, 3. Dan. 10: 5.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0906:

No stats available

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And David leaping with all strength before Jehovah: and David was girded with a linen ephod.

LITV Translation:
And David was dancing with all his might before Jehovah. And David was girded with a linen ephod.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And David sounded with well-tuned instruments before the Lord, and David was clothed with a fine long robe.