2 Samuel 3:10

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

להעביר לְהַעֲבִיר

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

עבר

ʻâbar

Definition

to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in copulation)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in copulation); alienate, alter, [idiom] at all, beyond, bring (over, through), carry over, (over-) come (on, over), conduct (over), convey over, current, deliver, do away, enter, escape, fail, gender, get over, (make) go (away, beyond, by, forth, his way, in, on, over, through), have away (more), lay, meddle, overrun, make partition, (cause to, give, make to, over) pass(-age, along, away, beyond, by, -enger, on, out, over, through), (cause to, make) [phrase] proclaim(-amation), perish, provoke to anger, put away, rage, [phrase] raiser of taxes, remove, send over, set apart, [phrase] shave, cause to (make) sound, [idiom] speedily, [idiom] sweet smelling, take (away), (make to) transgress(-or), translate, turn away, (way-) faring man, be wrath.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5674

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עָבַר

verb • Root עבר • Strongs / High • Page 1046

I. Intransitive: properly to go over a standing place or resting point, to step beyond, to rove beyond, to go beyond. Hence to pass over (river, land, thing), to go through, to emigrate, to cross, to step over, to tread over. Figuratively: to transgress.

עָבַר

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1047

To pass, to go over, to cross, to go through, to penetrate; to go beyond, past (accus.); to be current (of money); to pass by; to go before; to travel; to pass away, to disappear (of times/things); to go over (to forgive); to go farther, to pass on/forward; to come through/under; to depart from (a commandment); to enter into (a covenant); to run into (danger); to follow; to come upon (assail, invade); to overflow, to inundate, to overwhelm; to transgress, to exceed; to flow out, to drop (in tears/liquids).

עָבַר

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1048

To pass over, through, or away; to cross. Metaphorically: to be agitated (of a stream); to be puffed up, haughty, overbearing, provoked, irritated.

עָבַר

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1048

II. Properly, to veil, to cover, to enwrap (Kal not used). Metaphorically: to copulate, to impregnate; intransitive: to be fructified (of corn/fruit); to be pregnant (of a woman).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עָבַר

verb • Root עבר • Page 488

To pass, go on, or pass over. 1. to pass, go or pass on (Ps. 42:5, Am. 5:5). 2. to go or pass through a place (Judg. 11:29, Gen. 12:6). 3. to pass by (Gen. 37:23, 1 K. 9:8). 4. to pass over, e.g. a river (Gen. 31:21, Josh. 3:11). 5. to overflow, spoken of water or devastating armies (Is. 8:8, Nah. 1:8, Ps. 124:4). 6. to pass away, disappear, or perish (Gen. 18:5, Ps. 37:36). 7. to come on or upon any one, spoken of evil or jealousy (Num. 5:14, Nah. 3:19). 8. to drop, to ooze out (Cant. 5:5, 13). 9. causative as in Hiph.

עָבַר

verb • Page 489

To pass over, through, or by. Hiphil (הַעֲבִיר, הֶעֱבִיר): 1. To consecrate (Ex. 13:12). 2. To cause to pass, conduct (2 Sam. 19:16); to let one's voice go through (Ex. 36:6); to cause a trumpet to sound (Lev. 25:9). 3. To cause to pass by, to forgive sin (2 Sam. 12:13). 4. To carry over a river (Gen. 32:23); to remove/transfer (Gen. 47:21). 5. Metaphorically, to cause to transgress (1 Sam. 2:24). 6. To carry away (2 Chr. 35:23); to take away or remove (Jon. 3:6). Hithpael: 1. To be arrogant or haughty (Prov. 14:16). 2. To become angry or wroth (Ps. 78:21, 59).

Preposition, Verb Hiphil infinitive construct common

LXX: διέβη --- παρελεύσεται διῆλθεν διῆλθον

LXX Usage Statistics

H5674a:

διέβη 21× (3.4%)

--- 18× (3.3%)

παρελεύσεται 16× (2.6%)

διῆλθεν 15× (2.6%)

διῆλθον 14× (2.4%)

διέβησαν 13× (2.1%)

παρῆλθεν 12× (2.1%)

διαβαίνετε 11× (2.0%)

παρελθεῖν 10× (1.8%)

παρήλθομεν 8× (1.4%)

הממלכה הַמַּמְלָכָה

the Dominion

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ממלכה

mamlâkâh

Definition

dominion, i.e. (abstractly) the estate (rule) or (concretely) the country (realm)

Root

from H4427 (מלך);

Exhaustive

from מלך; dominion, i.e. (abstractly) the estate (rule) or (concretely) the country (realm); kingdom, king's, reign, royal.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4467

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מַמְלָכָה

noun feminine • Root מלך • Strongs / High • Page 864

1. dominion, reign, kingdom. 2. kingdom, a people under kingly rule.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מַמְלָכָה

noun feminine • Root מלך • Page 382

1. a kingdom. 2. royal authority, dominion, or reign (1 K. 11:11, Josh 10:2).

מַמְלְכוּת

noun feminine • Root מלך • Page 382

Same as ממלכה; royal authority (Josh. 13:12).

Particle definite article, Noun common feminine singular absolute

LXX: βασιλείασ βασιλείαν βασιλεία βασιλείαισ βασιλεῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4467:

βασιλείασ 32× (27.2%)

βασιλείαν 22× (17.7%)

βασιλεία 13× (10.5%)

βασιλείαισ 9× (7.4%)

βασιλεῖσ 5× (4.4%)

'' 5× (4.0%)

--- 4× (3.8%)

βασιλειῶν 4× (3.2%)

βασιλέων 3× (2.8%)

βασιλεῖαι 3× (2.6%)

מבית מִבֵּית

from the house

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

בית

bayith

Definition

a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)

Root

probably from H1129 (בנה) abbreviated;

Exhaustive

probably from בנה abbreviated; a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.); court, daughter, door, [phrase] dungeon, family, [phrase] forth of, [idiom] great as would contain, hangings, home(born), (winter) house(-hold), inside(-ward), palace, place, [phrase] prison, [phrase] steward, [phrase] tablet, temple, web, [phrase] within(-out).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1004

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בִּית

verb • Root בית • Consonantal / Medium • Page 230

To pass the night.

Matched via consonantal key only

בַּיִת

noun masculine • Root בות • Consonantal / Medium • Page 237

house in the widest sense, consequently also tent, hut, tower, palace, temple

Matched via consonantal key only

בַּיִת

noun masculine (aramaic) • Consonantal / Medium • Page 239

The same [as Hebrew 'house']; king's house; temple; treasury; banquet-house.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בַּּיִת

noun • Page 97

A city of Moab, Is. 15:2. Elsewhere written more in full as בֵּית בַּעַל מְעוֹן.

בַּיִת

noun masculine • Root בות • Page 96

1. House, dwelling (Gen. 15:3, Ecc. 2:7). 2. Tent (Gen. 33:17, 2 K. 23:7). 3. Palace, temple (Gen. 12:15, 1 Sam. 5:2, 1 K. 4:6, Is. 14:18). 4. Applied to part of a house or palace, e.g., banqueting-hall (Est. 7:8) or harem (Est. 2:3). 5. Repository, place, or container of any thing, e.g., smelling bottles (Is. 3:20), places for staves (Ex. 26:29), spider's web (Job 8:14), trench (1 K. 18:32), or tomb (Neh. 2:3). 6. The inner part, within (Ex. 28:26, Gen. 6:14). 7. Figuratively: family, kindred, tribe, people (Ex. 12:4, Gen. 7:1, Hos. 8:1). 8. Particularly posterity (Ruth 4:11, 2 Sam. 7:27). 9. Strictly one's father's house (Gen. 24:23, 46:31, Num. 1:2).

Prep-M, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: οἶκον οἴκου οἴκῳ οἶκοσ pεἰσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1004b:

οἶκον 503× (20.8%)

οἴκου 413× (18.3%)

οἴκῳ 323× (12.8%)

οἶκοσ 163× (7.1%)

pεἰσ 92× (4.6%)

οἴκουσ 89× (3.7%)

οἰκίαν 75× (3.1%)

pἐν 70× (3.4%)

--- 57× (2.8%)

'' 54× (2.3%)

שאול שָׁאוּל

Sheol

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שאול

Shâʼûwl

Definition

Shaul, the name of an Edomite and two Israelites

Root

passive participle of H7592 (שאל); asked;

Exhaustive

passive participle of שאל; asked; Shaul, the name of an Edomite and two Israelites; Saul, Shaul.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7586

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁאוּל

noun proper masculine • Root שאל • Strongs / High • Page 1366

Proper name masculine, meaning 'asked' (from God). Refers to the first king of Israel, an appellation of the place שֶׁבַע, and a patronymic.

Noun proper name masculine

LXX: σαουλ '' --- γυναικὶ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7586:

σαουλ 355× (88.5%)

'' 29× (6.4%)

--- 9× (2.3%)

γυναικὶ 2× (0.4%)

ולהקים וּלְהָקִ֞ים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

קום

qûwm

Definition

to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative); abide, accomplish, [idiom] be clearer, confirm, continue, decree, [idiom] be dim, endure, [idiom] enemy, enjoin, get up, make good, help, hold, (help to) lift up (again), make, [idiom] but newly, ordain, perform, pitch, raise (up), rear (up), remain, (a-) rise (up) (again, against), rouse up, set (up), (e-) stablish, (make to) stand (up), stir up, strengthen, succeed, (as-, make) sure(-ly), (be) up(-hold, -rising).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6965

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קוּם

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1267

To be, to stand in a place, to stand fast, subsist, live, exist, rule (over a kingdom), endure, keep hold, remain, stand up, rise (from falling, kneeling, sitting, or generally), appear (as a witness or hostilely), succeed, prepare, or start up. Also metaphorically to be brought about (a plan, prediction, etc.) or to be firm/decided.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

קוּם

verb • Page 583

fut. יָקוּם. 1. to stand or get up, to rise, arise. Gen. 22: 3. Job 1: 20. With redundant dative קוּמִי לָךְ rise up, Cant. 2: 10. 2. to stand, in different relations; to last, endure. Job 15: 29. Amos 7: 2, 5. to continue, construed with לְ to a person, Lev. 25: 30. 3. to prosper, construed with בְּ. Job 22: 28. Is. 8: 10. 4. to come to pass, to be fulfilled, spoken of a prediction. Jer. 44: 28. 5. to be legal, valid; spoken e. g. of testimony, Deut. 19: 15; of a vow, Num. 30: 5 ff. 6. to stand by, assist, Ps. 94: 16. 7. to stand before, resist. Josh. 7: 13. 8. קָמוּ עֵינַיִם the eyes were fixed or set, 1 K. 14: 4. 9. pass. of Pi.

קוּם

verb • Page 584

1. to rise up. (Dan. 3:24). 2. to stand. (Dan. 3:3; 7:17).

Conjunction, Preposition, Verb Hiphil infinitive construct common

LXX: ἀνέστη ἀνάστηθι ἀναστὰσ ἀνέστησαν ἀνάστα

LXX Usage Statistics

H6965b:

ἀνέστη 97× (13.4%)

ἀνάστηθι 38× (6.0%)

ἀναστὰσ 35× (5.2%)

ἀνέστησαν 25× (3.4%)

ἀνάστα 17× (2.7%)

ἀνάστητε 17× (2.7%)

ἔστησεν 16× (2.2%)

'' 15× (2.0%)

ἀναστήσω 15× (2.1%)

ἀναστήσονται 10× (1.6%)

את אֶת־

את-self eternal

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

את

ʼêth

Definition

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

Root

apparent contracted from H226 (אות) in the demonstrative sense of entity;

Exhaustive

apparent contracted from אות in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely); (as such unrepresented in English).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H853

את

ʼêth

Definition

a hoe or other digging implement

Root

of uncertain derivation;

Exhaustive

of uncertain derivation; a hoe or other digging implement; coulter, plowshare.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H855

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵת

particle • Strongs_Numbers • Page 87

Particle used as a sign of the accusative, indicating the definite object of a verb; also used reflexively, or in designations of time and place. Occasionally interchangeable with other prepositions.

אֵת

substantive • Root אות • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

I. Proper substance, being, essence, body, self, essential. It is used as the sign of an accusative, or to give prominence to a noun as subject.

אֵת

preposition • Root אנה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

II. With; expressing fellowship or accompaniment. Properly side, support, lean upon.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Mattock, coulter of a plough, hoe, prop. anything cutting into.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Equivalent to אֵת III., of which it is merely a collateral form.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אוֹת or אֶת

sign of accusative case • Page 35

A sign of the accusative case.

אֶת

com. gen. chald. • Page 81

Equivalent to the Hebrew אוֹת (sign, miracle). Synonymous with תְּמַהּ. References: Dan. 3: 32, 33; 6: 28.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (masc.). Equivalent to אַתָּה. Note: Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (fem.). In pause אָתְּ. Found in Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2. Also sometimes appears as a masculine form (Num. 11: 15; Ezek. 28: 14).

אֵת

ii. particle • Page 81

A primitive particle and sign of the accusative case (with Makk. -אֶת; with suffixes אֹתִי, אֹתָנוּ, etc.). Often denotes the definite direct object but can appear in circumstances where other languages employ the nominative (with passive verbs, neuter verbs, or before a nominative subject). References: Gen. 17: 5; Ex. 10: 8; 1 Sam. 17: 34.

אֵת

preposition • Page 82

1. with, together with (Gen. 4:1); 2. with, near by (Gen. 39:6); 3. in or on a place (1 Sam. 7:16); 4. besides (1 K. 11:25); 5. towards, erga (Ruth 2:20, 2 Sam. 16:17).

Direct object eternal self

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0853:

No stats available

H0855:

No stats available

כסא כִּסֵּא

throne/chair

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כסא

kiççêʼ

Definition

properly, covered, i.e. a throne (as canopied)

Root

or כסה; from H3680 (כסה);

Exhaustive

or כסה; from כסה; properly, covered, i.e. a throne (as canopied); seat, stool, throne.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3678

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כֶּסֶא

noun masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 717

Properly a festival or feast-day, especially at the new or full moon; metaphorically, a settled, definite time.

Matched via consonantal key only

כָּסָא

verb • Root כסס • Consonantal / Medium • Page 716

A verb (not in use), same as כָּסַס. 1. to determine or appoint a festival-time. 2. to establish, enumerate, appoint, or fix in relation to number, price, or tax.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כֵּסֶא

noun • Page 322

The time of full moon. References: Prov. 7:20, and כֵּסֶה in Ps. 81:4. (Syr. the 14th day of the month).

כְּסָא

noun • Page 323

i. q. כִּסֵא q. v.

כִּסֵּא

m. prim. • Page 322

1. A seat (2 K. 4:10); particularly a raised seat or cathedra of a high-priest (1 Sam. 1:9) or judge (Ps. 122:5). 2. A throne (2 Sam. 7:13, 1 Chr. 22:10). References: Job 26:9, 1 K. 10:19.

Noun common both singular construct

LXX: θρόνου θρόνον θρόνοσ θρόνων δίφρου

LXX Usage Statistics

H3678:

θρόνου 49× (35.5%)

θρόνον 39× (26.2%)

θρόνοσ 18× (12.1%)

θρόνων 5× (3.2%)

δίφρου 4× (2.8%)

'' 4× (2.7%)

θρόνῳ 4× (2.6%)

--- 2× (1.6%)

θρόνοι 2× (1.6%)

δεξιῶν 2× (1.3%)

דוד דָוִ֗ד

David

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

דוד

Dâvid

Definition

David, the youngest son of Jesse

Root

rarely (fully); דויד; from the same as H1730 (דוד); loving;

Exhaustive

rarely (fully); דויד; from the same as דוד; loving; David, the youngest son of Jesse; David.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1732

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

דָּוִד

proper noun • Root דוד • Strongs / High • Page 358

Proper noun of the famous Israelite king, founder of a dynasty (1055-1015 B.C.) and chief composer of the Psalter. Meaning loving, joiner, or beloved.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

דָּוִד

noun masculine • Root , דוד • Page 158

David, son of Jesse, king of Israel. 1 Sam. xvi. ff. 2 Sam. 1 Chr. xii.-xxx. Zion, 1 K. 3:1. The posterity of David, the royal family, Is. 7:2, 13.

Noun proper name masculine

LXX: δαυιδ '' --- ὡσ αὐτοῦ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1732:

δαυιδ 966× (90.3%)

'' 45× (3.7%)

--- 28× (2.7%)

ὡσ 9× (0.9%)

αὐτοῦ 2× (0.2%)

ψαλμὸσ 2× (0.2%)

βασιλεὺσ 2× (0.2%)

βασιλεῖ 2× (0.2%)

על עַל־

upon/against/yoke

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

על

ʻal

Definition

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Root

properly, the same as H5920 (על) used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as על used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications; above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5921

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַל

adjective / noun • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

Highest; same as עֶלְיוֹן. This form is abridged from עָלָה and derived from עָלַי (like יַד from יָדָה I.), serving as the construct form עֲלֵי (out of עֲלַאי).

עַל

preposition / adverb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

A preposition: upon, over, above, super, in the widest sense. It expresses protecting, covering, resting above upon (answering to 'where'); motion toward the upper surface (answering to 'whither?'); local direction to a more distant agency; or proximity/timing ('with, at'). Used figuratively as dat. commodi and incommodi, meaning a burden or duty upon one, or with certain verbs replacing the dative case. Also expresses motion down upon or up to, sometimes interchanging with אֶל.

עַל

preposition / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 1089

Preposition or Adverb meaning upon, over, at, above (denoting physical overtopping or mental superiority/dominion); expressing addition (to, reckoned to); proximity (by, around); suitability (according to); or occasionally used concessively (though, quanquam).

עַל

preposition / particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Properly, over, upon, concerning, notwithstanding, against, towards, for the sake of, on account of. Used to express position, antithesis, or distance (away from). After certain verbs, signifies giving way, removing, or fleeing. Also forms various compound particles (e.g., עַל-מָה, עַל-כֵּן, עַל אֲשֶׁר).

עַל

preposition (aramaic) • Root אלא • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew עַל. Means: Upon, over, on account of, unto, against, or dative. (Used with suffixes like עָלַי, עָלֵךְ, עֲלֵיהוֹן).

עַל

noun / prepos. • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה, listed as a noun and a preposition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַל

substantive / adverb / adjective • Root עלה • Page 507

Strictly a substantive meaning whatever is high or uppermost (Hos. 7:16, 11:7). Used as an adverb: (1.) 'above' (Gen. 27:39, 49:25; Ps. 50:4). Used as an adjective: (2.) 'high' (2 Sam. 23:1).

Preposition

LXX: ἐπὶ ἐπ' ἐφ' τοῦτο ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5921a:

ἐπὶ 1722× (33.1%)

ἐπ' 701× (13.4%)

ἐφ' 195× (3.7%)

τοῦτο 116× (1.9%)

'' 116× (1.9%)

περὶ 113× (2.2%)

ἀπὸ 108× (2.1%)

--- 108× (2.1%)

αὐτοὺσ 95× (1.6%)

εἰσ 93× (1.8%)

ישראל יִשְׂרָאֵל

God-Contends

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ישראל

Yisrâʼêl

Definition

Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

Root

from H8280 (שרה) and H410 (אל); he will rule as God;

Exhaustive

from שרה and אל; he will rule as God; Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity; Israel.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3478

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יִשְׂרָאֵל

noun proper masculine • Root שרה • Strongs / High • Page 662

A proper name with multiple meanings: the patriarch Jacob; the Israelite people; an honorary title for the pious; the northern kingdom of Israel; the whole kingdom after the exile.

יִשְׂרָאֵל

noun proper masculine • Root ישר • Strongs / High • Page 662

A proper name, meaning 'El is a true, honest one.' Described as a ground-form to יְשַׂרְאֵלָה.

Noun proper name

LXX: ισραηλ '' --- ιακωβ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3478:

ισραηλ 2245× (92.9%)

'' 57× (2.1%)

--- 50× (2.2%)

ισραηλ 8× (0.3%)

ιακωβ 4× (0.2%)

t? 4× (0.1%)

ιερουσαλημ 4× (0.2%)

[b] 3× (0.1%)

ισραηλίτου 3× (0.1%)

ισραηλίτιδοσ 3× (0.1%)

ועל וְעַל־

and upon

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

על

ʻal

Definition

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Root

properly, the same as H5920 (על) used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as על used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications; above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5921

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַל

adjective / noun • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

Highest; same as עֶלְיוֹן. This form is abridged from עָלָה and derived from עָלַי (like יַד from יָדָה I.), serving as the construct form עֲלֵי (out of עֲלַאי).

עַל

preposition / adverb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

A preposition: upon, over, above, super, in the widest sense. It expresses protecting, covering, resting above upon (answering to 'where'); motion toward the upper surface (answering to 'whither?'); local direction to a more distant agency; or proximity/timing ('with, at'). Used figuratively as dat. commodi and incommodi, meaning a burden or duty upon one, or with certain verbs replacing the dative case. Also expresses motion down upon or up to, sometimes interchanging with אֶל.

עַל

preposition / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 1089

Preposition or Adverb meaning upon, over, at, above (denoting physical overtopping or mental superiority/dominion); expressing addition (to, reckoned to); proximity (by, around); suitability (according to); or occasionally used concessively (though, quanquam).

עַל

preposition / particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Properly, over, upon, concerning, notwithstanding, against, towards, for the sake of, on account of. Used to express position, antithesis, or distance (away from). After certain verbs, signifies giving way, removing, or fleeing. Also forms various compound particles (e.g., עַל-מָה, עַל-כֵּן, עַל אֲשֶׁר).

עַל

preposition (aramaic) • Root אלא • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew עַל. Means: Upon, over, on account of, unto, against, or dative. (Used with suffixes like עָלַי, עָלֵךְ, עֲלֵיהוֹן).

עַל

noun / prepos. • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה, listed as a noun and a preposition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַל

substantive / adverb / adjective • Root עלה • Page 507

Strictly a substantive meaning whatever is high or uppermost (Hos. 7:16, 11:7). Used as an adverb: (1.) 'above' (Gen. 27:39, 49:25; Ps. 50:4). Used as an adjective: (2.) 'high' (2 Sam. 23:1).

Conjunction, Preposition

LXX: ἐπὶ ἐπ' ἐφ' τοῦτο ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5921a:

ἐπὶ 1722× (33.1%)

ἐπ' 701× (13.4%)

ἐφ' 195× (3.7%)

τοῦτο 116× (1.9%)

'' 116× (1.9%)

περὶ 113× (2.2%)

ἀπὸ 108× (2.1%)

--- 108× (2.1%)

αὐτοὺσ 95× (1.6%)

εἰσ 93× (1.8%)

יהודה יְהוּדָה

Caster

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יהודה

Yᵉhûwdâh

Definition

Jehudah (or Judah), the name of five Israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory

Root

from H3034 (ידה); celebrated;

Exhaustive

from ידה; celebrated; Jehudah (or Judah), the name of five Israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory; Judah.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3063

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יְהוּדָה

noun proper masculine • Root ידה • Strongs / High • Page 589

Proper name of the fourth son of Leah and Jacob. Also the name of one of the twelve tribes, the district allotted to that tribe, the subsequent kingdom of Judah, and in the post-exile period, the whole Jewish land.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יְהוּדָה

proper name • Root ידה • Page 271

Proper name; Judah. Derived from יָדָה.

יְהוּדָה

noun • Page 274

1. Fourth son of Jacob and the tribe descended from him. 2. The kingdom and people of Judah after the division of the kingdom. Refers to the territory and the people. Josh. xv, Is. 3:8.

Noun proper name

LXX: ιουδα ιουδαν ιουδασ '' ιουδαίασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3063:

ιουδα 582× (74.3%)

ιουδαν 59× (7.0%)

ιουδασ 57× (7.3%)

'' 31× (3.5%)

ιουδαίασ 23× (2.5%)

--- 15× (2.0%)

ιουδαίᾳ 10× (1.0%)

ιουδαία 6× (0.6%)

ιουδαίαν 3× (0.3%)

pἐν 2× (0.3%)

מדן מִדָּן

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

דן

Dân

Definition

Dan, one of the sons of Jacob; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory; likewise a place in Palestine colonized by them

Root

from H1777 (דין); judge;

Exhaustive

from דין; judge; Dan, one of the sons of Jacob; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory; likewise a place in Palestine colonized by them; Daniel

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1835

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

דָּן

noun proper • Root דון • Strongs / High • Page 374

Judge. 1. A son of Jacob, founder of the tribe of Dan. 2. The district of the tribe of Dan. 3. A Phenician name for a judge or ruler; also a city in northern Palestine. 4. An epithet, 'Dan playing the pipe'. 5. An abridged form.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

דָּן

proper name • Root דין • Page 170

1. A son of Jacob, also the tribe named from him. Josh. 19:40-48. 2. A city on the northern boundary of Palestine, formerly called Laish. Gen. 14:14. Josh. 19:47. Judg. 18:29.

Prep-M, Noun proper name

LXX: δαν ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H1835:

δαν 63× (85.6%)

δαν 4× (5.1%)

'' 3× (3.6%)

ועד וְעַד־

and until

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

עד

ʻad

Definition

as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)

Root

properly, the same as H5703 (עד) (used as a preposition, adverb or conjunction; especially with a preposition);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as עד (used as a preposition, adverb or conjunction; especially with a preposition); as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with); against, and, as, at, before, by (that), even (to), for(-asmuch as), (hither-) to, [phrase] how long, into, as long (much) as, (so) that, till, toward, until, when, while, ([phrase] as) yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5704

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַד

particle • Strongs / High • Page 1053

A particle expressing continuance, progress, or duration; until, unto, as far as, up to, during, even, exceedingly. Denotes limits in space, time (till now, forever), or degree (highest limit).

עַד

noun • Root עדה ערה • Strongs / High • Page 1053

Progress, advance (in space); duration, perpetuitas; hence, eternity, perpetuity, everlasting.

עַד

adverb / preposition • Root עוד • Strongs / High • Page 1060

Adverb: again, once more (repetition); continuedly, continually (continuance of action); longer, further, advanced state. Also Preposition/Conjunction: till, now, during (a time), while still.

עַד

preposition / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1054

1. (Of space) To, unto, as far as, even to; also like, as. 2. (Of time/Conj.) Till now, whilst that, until, so that, to the degree that. 3. (Particle) Even (used to intensify meaning).

עַד

noun masculine • Root עדה • Strongs / High • Page 1054

Booty, spoil (parallel to plunder).

עַד

noun masculine • Root עדה • Strongs / High • Page 1054

Dress, ornament (found only in proper names).

עַד

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1054

Witness, testimony (collateral form of עֵד).

עַד

aram. prep. (aramaic) • Strongs / High • Page 1054

(Aramaic, same as Hebr. עַד 2) During, until, till at the last; to the intent that.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַד

m. subst. / preposition / conj. • Root עדה • Page 491

1. as a subst. eternity, duration. Ps. 9: 19. 19: 10. 2. as a subst. booty, prey. Gen. 49: 27. 3. as a prep. unto, until, spoken of time and space. Hab. 1: 2. 4. as a prep. during, while. Judg. 3: 26. 5. as a conj. until, construed with a pret. Josh.

עַד

chald. prep. and conj. • Page 492

As in Hebrew (preceding page).

Conjunction, Preposition

LXX: ἕωσ εἰσ '' ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H5704:

ἕωσ 1013× (78.3%)

εἰσ 28× (2.2%)

'' 26× (1.7%)

--- 24× (1.9%)

ἕωσ 22× (1.7%)

μέχρι 12× (0.9%)

ἔτι 11× (0.8%)

ἐπὶ 9× (0.7%)

dἕωσ 7× (0.5%)

πρὸσ 7× (0.6%)

באר בְּאֵר

dug well

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

באר שבע

Bᵉʼêr Shebaʻ

Definition

Beer-Sheba, a place in Palestine

Root

from H875 (באר) and H7651 (שבע) (in the sense of H7650 (שבע)); well of an oath;

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H884

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בְּאֵר שֶׁבַע

proper noun • Root שבע • Strongs_Numbers • Page 1375

Beer-Sheba, the name of a place (well of the oath or seven springs).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שָׂבַע

verb • Root שבע • Page 634

3. rich or abounding in any thing. Deut. 33:23. Job 14:1. 10:15.

שָׂבַע

m. verbal • Root שבע • Page 634

1. satiety. Ex. 16:3. 2. fullness. Ps. 16:11.

שֹׂבַע

m. verbal • Root שבע • Page 634

satiety, hence abundance, plenty. Prov. 3: 10. Gen. 41:29 ff.

שָׂבַע and שָׂבֵעַ

verb • Page 633

1. To be satisfied, satiated, or filled, particularly with food (Am. 4:8, Prov. 30:16, Ps. 104:16). 2. To be tired, weary, or disgusted (Is. 1:11, Job 7:4, Prov. 25:17). Includes Pi'el and Hiph'il forms meaning 'to satisfy' (Ezek. 7:19, Ps. 107:9).

בְּאֵר שֶׁבַע

proper name • Page 85

Well of the oath; a place on the southern boundary of Palestine (Gen. 21:31, 26:33, 2 Sam. 17:11).

Noun proper name

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0884:

No stats available

שבע שָׁבַע׃

seven

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

באר שבע

Bᵉʼêr Shebaʻ

Definition

Beer-Sheba, a place in Palestine

Root

from H875 (באר) and H7651 (שבע) (in the sense of H7650 (שבע)); well of an oath;

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H884

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בְּאֵר שֶׁבַע

proper noun • Root שבע • Strongs_Numbers • Page 1375

Beer-Sheba, the name of a place (well of the oath or seven springs).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שָׂבַע

verb • Root שבע • Page 634

3. rich or abounding in any thing. Deut. 33:23. Job 14:1. 10:15.

שָׂבַע

m. verbal • Root שבע • Page 634

1. satiety. Ex. 16:3. 2. fullness. Ps. 16:11.

שֹׂבַע

m. verbal • Root שבע • Page 634

satiety, hence abundance, plenty. Prov. 3: 10. Gen. 41:29 ff.

שָׂבַע and שָׂבֵעַ

verb • Page 633

1. To be satisfied, satiated, or filled, particularly with food (Am. 4:8, Prov. 30:16, Ps. 104:16). 2. To be tired, weary, or disgusted (Is. 1:11, Job 7:4, Prov. 25:17). Includes Pi'el and Hiph'il forms meaning 'to satisfy' (Ezek. 7:19, Ps. 107:9).

בְּאֵר שֶׁבַע

proper name • Page 85

Well of the oath; a place on the southern boundary of Palestine (Gen. 21:31, 26:33, 2 Sam. 17:11).

Noun proper name

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0884:

No stats available

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
To cause the kingdom to pass over from the house of Saul, and to set up the throne of David over Israel and over Judah, from Dan and even to the Well of the Oath.

LITV Translation:
to cause to pass over the kingdom from the house of Saul, and to establish the throne of David over Israel and over Judah from Dan even to Beersheba.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
to take away the kingdom from the house of Saul, and to raise up the throne of David over Israel and over Judah from Dan to Beersheba.