2 Samuel 22:8

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ותגעש וַתִּגְעַשׁ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

געש

gâʻash

Definition

to agitate violently

Root

a primitive root

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to agitate violently; move, shake, toss, trouble.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1607

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גָּעַשׁ

verb • Root געש • Strongs / High • Page 336

intr. to be pushed or moved, to and fro. Puhal: to be shaken. Hithpael: to totter and fro, to wave.

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person feminine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H1607:

No stats available

ותרעש וַתִּרְעַשׁ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

רעש

râʻash

Definition

to undulate (as the earth, the sky, etc.; also a field of grain), particularly through fear; specifically, to spring (as a locust)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to undulate (as the earth, the sky, etc.; also a field of grain), particularly through fear; specifically, to spring (as a locust); make afraid, (re-) move, quake, (make to) shake, (make to) tremble.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7493

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רָעַשׁ

verb • Root רעש • Strongs / High • Page 1351

To tremble (of the earth, pillars, sky, mountains); to tremble from its place; of the motion of fruit on the stalk.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רָעַשׁ

verb • Page 625

1. to wave, shake, spoken e. g. of fruit. Ps. 72: 16. 2. to be shaken, to quake, tremble. Ezek. 38:20. 26:15. Spoken of inanimate nature, e.g. of the earth, Judg. 5:4. Is. 13: 13. Niph. i. q. Kal. Once Jer. 50: 46. Hiph. 1. to shake, put in motion. Hag. 2: 6, 7. 2. to make to tremble. Ps. 60:4. Is. 14: 16. 3. to cause to leap or spring, e. g. a horse. Job 39 : 20.

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person feminine singular

LXX: σεισθήσεται ἐσείσθη ἐσείσθησαν σεισθήσονται ἔντρομοσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7493:

σεισθήσεται 7× (21.0%)

ἐσείσθη 6× (19.7%)

ἐσείσθησαν 2× (6.7%)

σεισθήσονται 2× (6.2%)

ἔντρομοσ 2× (5.7%)

ἐγενήθη 2× (4.7%)

הארץ הָאָרֶץ

the Earthly One

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ארץ

ʼerets

Definition

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

Root

from an unused root probably meaning to be firm;

Exhaustive

from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth (at large, or partitively a land); [idiom] common, country, earth, field, ground, land, [idiom] natins, way, [phrase] wilderness, world.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H776

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֶרֶץ

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 193

(Not used) To be hard, firm, dense. (Root of the following noun)

אֶרֶץ

noun feminine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 193

Earth, as firm land i.e. a dense firm mass, in opposition to water. Includes meanings: a) the earth in opposition to heaven; b) earth as an element/material; c) the ground; d) piece of land/field; e) land of habitation or fatherland.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶרֶץ

noun masculine • Page 73

Earth, land. (masc. rarely, Gen. 13: 6; Is. 9: 18).

אֶרֶץ

noun feminine • Page 74

1. earth; also inhabitants of the earth, Gen. 6:11. 11:1. 2. land; e.g. אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם the land of Egypt. Sometimes Palestine, Joel 1:2. 3. jurisdiction of a city. Josh. 8:1. Plur. אֲרָצוֹת lands.

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0776:

No stats available

מוסדות מוֹסְדוֹת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מוסד

môwçâd

Definition

a foundation

Root

from H3245 (יסד);

Exhaustive

from יסד; a foundation; foundation.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4144

מוסדה

môwçâdâh

Definition

a foundation

Root

or מסדה; feminine of H4144 (מוסד);

Exhaustive

or מסדה; feminine of מוסד; a foundation; foundation.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4146

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מוֹסָד

noun masculine • Root יסד • Strongs / High • Page 824

foundation, of the mountains, of the earth, basis of the generations.

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מוֹסָדָה

noun feminine • Root יסד • Strongs / High • Page 824

a foundation.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מוֹסָד

verb • Root יסד • Page 361

Foundations, e.g. of a building (Jer. 51: 26), of the earth (Prov. 8: 29), or of the heavens (2 Sam. 22: 8). Found only in plural.

Noun common feminine plural construct

LXX: θεμέλια

LXX Usage Statistics

H4144:

θεμέλια 7× (54.5%)

θεμέλια 4× (30.4%)

H4146:

No stats available

השמים הַשָּׁמַיִם

the Dual-Heavenly Ones

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שמים

shâmayim

Definition

the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies revolve)

Root

dual of an unused singular שמה; from an unused root meaning to be lofty;

Exhaustive

dual of an unused singular שמה; from an unused root meaning to be lofty; the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies revolve); air, [idiom] astrologer, heaven(-s).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8064

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁמַיִם

m. pl. • Root שמה • Strongs / High • Page 1446

properly height, high district (from שָׁמָה II); or the shining one, the light-producer; the circular heaven like a thin covering (רָקִיעַ).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שָׁמַיִם

masc. plur. const. שְׁמֵי • Root שמה , • Page 685

the heaven or heavens. Gen. 1: 1. 2: 1. 14: 19, 22. The Hebrews conceived of heaven as a solid arch resting on pillars (Job 26: 11), having foundations (2 Sam. 22: 8) and a gate (Gen. 28: 17).

Particle definite article, Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: οὐρανοῦ οὐρανὸν οὐρανὸσ οὐρανῷ οὐρανόν

LXX Usage Statistics

H8064:

οὐρανοῦ 201× (41.8%)

οὐρανὸν 66× (13.3%)

οὐρανὸσ 32× (6.4%)

οὐρανῷ 30× (5.5%)

οὐρανόν 28× (5.5%)

οὐρανοῦ 20× (4.2%)

οὐρανῶν 11× (2.3%)

'' 10× (2.1%)

pεἰσ 8× (2.0%)

οὐρανοὶ 8× (1.7%)

ירגזו יִרְגָּזוּ

they are trembling

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

רגז

râgaz

Definition

to quiver (with any violent emotion, especially anger or fear)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to quiver (with any violent emotion, especially anger or fear); be afraid, stand in awe, disquiet, fall out, fret, move, provoke, quake, rage, shake, tremble, trouble, be wroth.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7264

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רָגַז

verb • Root רגז • Strongs / High • Page 1318

(Kal) To rage, roar, tremble, quake, be restless, be angry. (Hif.) To move, disquiet, put in fear, make angry, provoke, make tremble. (Hithp.) To rage, be refractory.

רָגַז

verb • Root רגז • Strongs / High • Page 1318

(Pih.) (not used) an intensive of Kal.

רָגַז

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1319

to be excited one against another, i.e. to strive; elsewhere in the Samar. version for הִתְאַבֵּק (Deut. 1, 37).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רָגַז

verb • Page 607

1. to quake, tremble. Ps. 4: 5. Is. 32: 10, 11. 2. to be thrown into commotion, Is. 14: 9. 3. to be moved; with grief, 2 Sam. 19: 1. [18 : 33.] 4. to rage, Ezek. 16: 43.

Verb Qal imperfect third person masculine plural

LXX: ταραχθήσονται ὀργίζεσθε μεριμνήσει ἐταράχθησαν ἐταράχθη

LXX Usage Statistics

H7264:

ταραχθήσονται 2× (4.6%)

ὀργίζεσθε 2× (4.6%)

μεριμνήσει 2× (4.6%)

ἐταράχθησαν 2× (4.3%)

ἐταράχθη 2× (4.3%)

ויתגעשו וַיִּתְגָּעֲשׁוּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

געש

gâʻash

Definition

to agitate violently

Root

a primitive root

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to agitate violently; move, shake, toss, trouble.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1607

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גָּעַשׁ

verb • Root געש • Strongs / High • Page 336

intr. to be pushed or moved, to and fro. Puhal: to be shaken. Hithpael: to totter and fro, to wave.

conjunctive, Verb Hithpael sequential imperfect third person masculine plural

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H1607:

No stats available

כי כִּי־

for

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כי

kîy

Definition

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

Root

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent;

Exhaustive

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed; and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-) though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3588

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כִּי

masculine noun • Root כוה • Strongs / High • Page 690

A prick, mark, stigma; a brand.

כִּי

relative conjunction • Root כי • Strongs / High • Page 690

A pronominal root used as a relative conjunction. 1. usually a relative particle, that, quod, to denote the relation of the preceding to the following clause, such as in indirect and direct speech.

כִּי

particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 691

A versatile particle with several primary meanings. 1. As a conjunction, it can introduce an exclamation, a question, or an emphatic confirmation, and is sometimes translated as 'that'. 2. As a relative particle of time, it means 'when', 'if', 'since', 'as', 'as often as'. 3. As a causal particle, it means 'because' or 'for'. 4. As a particle of consequence, it can mean 'so' or 'then'.

כִּי

conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 692

A relative conjunction with a wide range of meanings depending on context. Causal: 'for', 'because'. Adversative: 'but', 'nay but', 'nay for', 'no', 'but yes', 'but indeed', 'but yet'. Comparative: 'but now'. Concessive: 'although'. Consequential: 'for which reason'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כִּי

m. subst. • Root כוה • Page 314

I. a mark burnt in, a brand, stigma. Is. 3: 24.

כִּי

primitive particle • Page 314

II. Probably a relative pronoun, i. q. אֲשֶׁר (Gen. 4:25). Used as a conj.: 1. that (Gen. 1:4). 2. for, because (Gen. 3:14). 3. if (Ex. 3:21). 4. when (Hos. 11:1). 5. yet, although (Ps. 116:10). 6. but (Gen. 45:8). 7. yea rather (Ps. 44:23). 8. often used at the beginning of a proposition (Zech. 3:8). 9. at the beginning of the apodosis (Gen. 22:17).

Particle

LXX: ὅτι γὰρ ἐὰν διότι ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H3588a:

ὅτι 2030× (53.1%)

γὰρ 394× (10.3%)

ἐὰν 276× (7.0%)

διότι 259× (6.8%)

--- 158× (4.1%)

ἀλλ' 114× (2.9%)

'' 76× (1.7%)

ὅταν 55× (1.4%)

καὶ 49× (1.3%)

γάρ 44× (1.2%)

חרה חָרָה

he has burned

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חרה

chârâh

Definition

to glow or grow warm; figuratively (usually) to blaze up, of anger, zeal, jealousy

Root

a primitive root (compare H2787 (חרר));

Exhaustive

a primitive root (compare חרר); to glow or grow warm; figuratively (usually) to blaze up, of anger, zeal, jealousy; be angry, burn, be displeased, [idiom] earnestly, fret self, grieve, be (wax) hot, be incensed, kindle, [idiom] very, be wroth. See תחרה.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2734

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חָרָה

verb • Root חרה • Strongs / High • Page 526

I. Same as חָרָא I.

חָרָה

verb • Root חרה • Strongs / High • Page 526

II. Intransitive: to glow, to burn, particularly of anger, to be kindled. Figuratively: to be fretful, vexatious, excited, moved, sad; to be zealous against someone; to oppose, be jealous or envious; to rage; to prick or sting.

חָרָה

verb • Root חרה • Strongs / High • Page 527

Not used in this form (III); related to חָרָא II, meaning to screen, to protect round about.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חָרָה

verb • Root חרר • Page 247

1. to burn, to be kindled; spoken only of anger (Ex. 22:23, Gen. 30:2). 2. to be angry, used personally (Hab. 3:7). (Niph.) to be angry (Cant. 1:6, Is. 41:11). (Hiph.) 1. to be hot, ardent, zealous (Neh. 3:20). 2. to cause to burn, to kindle (Job 19:11). (Hithpa.) to become angry (Ps. 37:1, 7, 8).

Verb Qal perfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ἐθυμώθη ὠργίσθη παραζήλου θυμωθεὶσ ἠθύμησεν

LXX Usage Statistics

H2734:

ἐθυμώθη 22× (21.5%)

ὠργίσθη 15× (14.9%)

παραζήλου 3× (3.3%)

θυμωθεὶσ 3× (2.8%)

ἠθύμησεν 3× (2.8%)

ὀργὴ 3× (2.5%)

παρωξύνθη 2× (2.2%)

λελύπημαι 2× (2.2%)

--- 2× (2.2%)

ὀργισθεὶσ 2× (2.0%)

לו לוֹ׃

to himself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ו

Definition

him, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9033

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

וְ

prefix • Root היה • Page 195

A prefix, as in וַיִּקְתֹּל (he killed). Usually called Vav conversivum futuri. It is most probably a contraction of the old form הָוָה or הָוֵי i. q. הָיָה.

וְ

conj. and prefix • Page 194

Vav copulativum. Signifies a nail, peg, hook. Used as: 1. merely connective (and, also); 2. adversative (but, yet - Gen. 17:21); 3. illative (since, wherefore - Gen. 26:27, Ruth 1:21); 4. causal (for - Gen. 20:3, Is. 39:1); 5. to express result/consequence (that - Num. 23:19).

Preposition -For/Into Art, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And the earth will shake and tremble, The foundation of the heavens will be disturbed, And they will shake, for it kindled to him.

LITV Translation:
And the earth shook and trembled, the foundations of the heavens were troubled, and were shaken; for He was angry.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And the earth was troubled and quaked, And the foundations of heaven were confounded and torn asunder, Because the Lord was wroth with them.