2 Samuel 22:38

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ארדפה אֶרְדְּפָה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

רדף

râdaph

Definition

to run after (usually with hostile intent; figuratively (of time) gone by)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to run after (usually with hostile intent; figuratively (of time) gone by); chase, put to flight, follow (after, on), hunt, (be under) persecute(-ion, -or), pursue(-r).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7291

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רָדַף

verb • Root רדף • Strongs / High • Page 1323

(tr.) to thrust, to drive, to scare, to chase; (intr.) to drive or chase away, to follow after, to pursue, to strive after, to hunt after.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רָדַף

verb • Page 609

1. to run or follow after; Ps. 23:6. Metaphorically to follow after righteousness, Prov. 21:21. 2. to pursue, persecute; Gen. 14:14. 3. to chase, to put to flight. Lev. 26:36. Niph. pass. of Kal. Lam. 5:5.

Verb Qal imperfect first person common singular

LXX: κατεδίωξαν κατεδίωξεν αὐτοὺσ ἐδίωξεν διώξεται

LXX Usage Statistics

H7291:

κατεδίωξαν 19× (12.3%)

κατεδίωξεν 13× (8.0%)

αὐτοὺσ 9× (4.6%)

ἐδίωξεν 8× (5.3%)

διώξεται 7× (4.4%)

διώκοντεσ 7× (4.3%)

καταδιωκόντων 6× (3.2%)

'' 5× (3.0%)

καταδιώκοντεσ 4× (2.5%)

διώκοντοσ 3× (2.1%)

איבי אֹיְבַי

enemies of myself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

איב

ʼôyêb

Definition

hating; an adversary

Root

or (fully) אויב; active participle of H340 (איב);

Exhaustive

or (fully) אויב; active participle of איב; hating; an adversary; enemy, foe.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H341

י

Definition

my, personal posessive - noun suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9020

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֹיֵב

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 110

enemy, hater, opposer in the widest sense

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֹיֵב

particle • Root איב • Page 43

Part. enemy, adversary, Gen. 22: 17. 49: 8. Fem. אֹיֶבֶת female adversary, Mic. 7: 8, 10.

Verb Qal participle active masculine plural construct, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0341:

No stats available

ואשמידם וָאַשְׁמִידֵם

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שמד

shâmad

Definition

to desolate

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to desolate; destory(-uction), bring to nought, overthrow, perish, pluck down, [idiom] utterly.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8045

הם

Definition

them, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9038

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁמַד

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1444

(Kal not used) tr. to destroy, to annihilate, to extirpate (Nif. to be laid waste, desolated; Hif. to destroy, waste, extirpate).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שְׁמַד

verb • Page 684

To destroy. Reference: Dan. 7:26.

שָׁמַד

verb • Page 684

In Kal not used. Hiph. הִשְׁמִיד: 1. to destroy (e.g., cities, altars). Lev. 26:30; Num. 33:52. 2. more frequently to destroy (e.g., men, nations). Deut. 1:27; 2:12, 21, 22, 23. Niph. pass. 1. to be laid waste (of a plain, high places). Jer. 48:8; Hos. 10:8. 2. to be destroyed. Gen. 34:30; Ps. 37:38.

conjunctive, Verb Hiphil sequential imperfect first person common singular, Suffix pronominal third person masculine plural

LXX: ἐξολεθρεῦσαι αὐτοὺσ ἐξολεθρεύσῃ αὐτούσ ἀφανίσαι

LXX Usage Statistics

H8045:

ἐξολεθρεῦσαι 11× (10.7%)

αὐτοὺσ 8× (5.7%)

ἐξολεθρεύσῃ 7× (6.9%)

αὐτούσ 5× (4.1%)

ἀφανίσαι 4× (3.9%)

ἐξολεθρεύσει 4× (3.9%)

ἀφανιῶ 3× (2.6%)

ἡμᾶσ 3× (2.4%)

ἐξέτριψαν 3× (2.9%)

ἐξολεθρευθῶσιν 2× (1.7%)

ולא וְלֹא

and not

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

לא

lôʼ

Definition

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

Root

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles; [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3808

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֹא

negative particle • Root אל • Strongs / High • Page 759

A negative particle; not, no. It functions as an absolute negative, a negative answer to a question, or a refusal. Used with verbs in various tenses and moods to express negation or prohibition.

לֹא

particle • Strongs / High • Page 761

A K'ri reading for לוֹ.

לֹא

adverb / particle • Strongs / High • Page 760

Not; No; Nothing (substantive use); Before (cognate sense to טֶרֶם).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֹא

adverb • Page 338

A primitive adverb of negation (more rarely לוֹא). 1. not. 2. no (Gen. 19:2). 3. nothing (Job 6:21). 4. without (1 Chr. 2:30). 5. interrogative, nonne? (Jon. 4:11). 6. lest, that not (Ex. 28:32). 7. In combination with adjectives/substantives it gives a negative signification (e.g., לֹא עֹז without strength).

Conjunction, Particle negative

LXX: οὐκ οὐ μὴ οὐδὲ οὐχ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3808:

οὐκ 1137× (34.5%)

οὐ 797× (24.2%)

μὴ 184× (5.6%)

οὐδὲ 150× (4.5%)

οὐχ 127× (3.9%)

οὐχὶ 120× (3.6%)

--- 98× (3.0%)

'' 94× (2.4%)

---% 62× (1.5%)

οὐκέτι 50× (1.4%)

אשוב אָשׁוּב

I am turning back

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שוב

shûwb

Definition

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again; ((break, build, circumcise, dig, do anything, do evil, feed, lay down, lie down, lodge, make, rejoice, send, take, weep)) [idiom] again, (cause to) answer ([phrase] again), [idiom] in any case (wise), [idiom] at all, averse, bring (again, back, home again), call (to mind), carry again (back), cease, [idiom] certainly, come again (back), [idiom] consider, [phrase] continually, convert, deliver (again), [phrase] deny, draw back, fetch home again, [idiom] fro, get (oneself) (back) again, [idiom] give (again), go again (back, home), (go) out, hinder, let, (see) more, [idiom] needs, be past, [idiom] pay, pervert, pull in again, put (again, up again), recall, recompense, recover, refresh, relieve, render (again), requite, rescue, restore, retrieve, (cause to, make to) return, reverse, reward, [phrase] say nay, send back, set again, slide back, still, [idiom] surely, take back (off), (cause to, make to) turn (again, self again, away, back, back again, backward, from, off), withdraw.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7725

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שׁוּב

verb • Root שוב • Strongs / High • Page 755

to return to

שׁוּב

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1389

Intransitive: properly, to turn; to turn away from; to revolve; to come back or revert to; to be restored; to return home; to remain behind.

שׁוּב

verb • Root שוב • Strongs / High • Page 1391

To turn, turn back, return (intransitive); to turn about, turn away (i.e., not to expect war), to convert, repent, to turn the face, to turn the hand (for attack or protection), to turn away anger (of God or man); to drive back, to withhold, to hinder, to lead back.

שׁוּב

unknown • Strongs / High • Page 1363

Aramaic example of interchange with ת.

שׁוּב

unknown • Strongs / High • Page 1363

Example of interchange of שׁ and ת.

שׁוּב

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1390

To turn back, to return (to an earlier state, place, or person). To be converted, to repent (turn to God). Also, to repeat (used commonly with another verb to express the idea of doing again).

שׁוּב

adverb • Root שוב • Strongs / High • Page 1390

Again, besides, in addition (used as an adverb, often abridged or associated with the infinitive לָשׁוּב).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שׂוֹב

verb • Root שיב • Page 635

To have gray hairs; see שֵׂיב.

שׁוּב

verb / fut. יָשׁוּב / apoc. יָשֵׁב • Page 657

1. to turn, turn back, return. Gen. 27: 45. 2 Chr. 30: 9. 2. to cease, desist, from a purpose or from evil. Jer. 4: 28. Ezek. 18: 24. 3. to turn back from a person.

שׁוּב

verb • Root שוב • Page 658

To turn back, to return. (2) Spoken of things without life, to go or come back (Is. 29:17, Gen. 3:19). (3) Joined with another verb, forms a periphrasis of 'again' or 'anew' (Gen. 30:31 אָשׁוּבָה, 2 K. 1:13 וַיָּשָׁב וַיִּשְׁלַח). (4) Causative, to lead or bring back (Num. 10:36). (5) Particularly in the phrase שׁוּב שְׁבוּת 'to bring back captives' (Ezek. 35:9).

Verb Qal imperfect first person common singular

LXX: ἐπέστρεψεν ἀπέστρεψεν ἐπιστρέψαι ἐπιστρέψει ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H7725:

ἐπέστρεψεν 58× (5.0%)

ἀπέστρεψεν 36× (3.2%)

ἐπιστρέψαι 35× (2.9%)

ἐπιστρέψει 30× (2.6%)

'' 24× (2.0%)

ἀποστρέψαι 23× (1.8%)

ἀποστρέψω 21× (1.9%)

ἀνέστρεψεν 21× (1.9%)

πάλιν 21× (1.8%)

ἐπιστρέψω 20× (1.8%)

עד עַד־

until/perpetually/witness

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עד

ʻad

Definition

as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)

Root

properly, the same as H5703 (עד) (used as a preposition, adverb or conjunction; especially with a preposition);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as עד (used as a preposition, adverb or conjunction; especially with a preposition); as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with); against, and, as, at, before, by (that), even (to), for(-asmuch as), (hither-) to, [phrase] how long, into, as long (much) as, (so) that, till, toward, until, when, while, ([phrase] as) yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5704

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַד

particle • Strongs / High • Page 1053

A particle expressing continuance, progress, or duration; until, unto, as far as, up to, during, even, exceedingly. Denotes limits in space, time (till now, forever), or degree (highest limit).

עַד

noun • Root עדה ערה • Strongs / High • Page 1053

Progress, advance (in space); duration, perpetuitas; hence, eternity, perpetuity, everlasting.

עַד

adverb / preposition • Root עוד • Strongs / High • Page 1060

Adverb: again, once more (repetition); continuedly, continually (continuance of action); longer, further, advanced state. Also Preposition/Conjunction: till, now, during (a time), while still.

עַד

preposition / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1054

1. (Of space) To, unto, as far as, even to; also like, as. 2. (Of time/Conj.) Till now, whilst that, until, so that, to the degree that. 3. (Particle) Even (used to intensify meaning).

עַד

noun masculine • Root עדה • Strongs / High • Page 1054

Booty, spoil (parallel to plunder).

עַד

noun masculine • Root עדה • Strongs / High • Page 1054

Dress, ornament (found only in proper names).

עַד

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1054

Witness, testimony (collateral form of עֵד).

עַד

aram. prep. (aramaic) • Strongs / High • Page 1054

(Aramaic, same as Hebr. עַד 2) During, until, till at the last; to the intent that.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַד

m. subst. / preposition / conj. • Root עדה • Page 491

1. as a subst. eternity, duration. Ps. 9: 19. 19: 10. 2. as a subst. booty, prey. Gen. 49: 27. 3. as a prep. unto, until, spoken of time and space. Hab. 1: 2. 4. as a prep. during, while. Judg. 3: 26. 5. as a conj. until, construed with a pret. Josh.

עַד

chald. prep. and conj. • Page 492

As in Hebrew (preceding page).

Preposition

LXX: ἕωσ εἰσ '' ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H5704:

ἕωσ 1013× (78.3%)

εἰσ 28× (2.2%)

'' 26× (1.7%)

--- 24× (1.9%)

ἕωσ 22× (1.7%)

μέχρι 12× (0.9%)

ἔτι 11× (0.8%)

ἐπὶ 9× (0.7%)

dἕωσ 7× (0.5%)

πρὸσ 7× (0.6%)

כלותם כַּלּוֹתָם׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כלה

kâlâh

Definition

to end, whether intransitive (to cease, be finished, perish) or transitived (to complete, prepare, consume)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to end, whether intransitive (to cease, be finished, perish) or transitived (to complete, prepare, consume); accomplish, cease, consume (away), determine, destroy (utterly), be (when... were) done, (be an) end (of), expire, (cause to) fail, faint, finish, fulfil, [idiom] fully, [idiom] have, leave (off), long, bring to pass, wholly reap, make clean riddance, spend, quite take away, waste.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3615

הם

Definition

them, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9038

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כָּלָה

verb • Root כלה • Strongs / High • Page 755

to long for

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כָּלָה

verb • Page 316

1. To be completed, finished (Ex. 39:32, 1 K. 6:38). 2. To be over, past (Gen. 41:53, Is. 24:13). 3. To be prepared or ready, particularly regarding evil (Prov. 22:8, 1 Sam. 20:7). 4. To be consumed, to be all gone (Gen. 21:15, 1 K. 17:16). 5. To waste away, vanish, or disappear; spoken of clouds, smoke, or time (Job 7:9, Ps. 37:20, Ps. 31:11).

כָּלָה

verb • Page 317

6. to be destroyed, to perish, spoken of men (Jer. 16: 4, Ezek. 5: 13). 7. to be fulfilled, spoken of a prophecy (Ezra 1: 1, Dan. 12: 7).

כָּלָה

fem. adj. • Root כלה • Page 317

verbal from כָּלָה; languishing, failing, spoken of the eye (Deut. 28: 32).

כָּלָה

f. verbal • Root כלה • Page 317

1. destruction; עָשָׂה כָלָה to cause or make utter destruction (Jer. 4: 27, 5: 10, Nah. 1: 8). 2. as an adv. entirely, wholly, altogether (Gen. 18: 21, Ex. 11: 1).

כִּלָּה

pi. • Root כלה • Page 317

1. to complete, finish (Gen. 2: 2, 6: 16, Ex. 34: 33). 2. to prepare; i. e. devises, mischief (Prov. 16: 30). 3. to consume, let pass away, as time (Ps. 78: 33). 4. to consume, destroy; as men, nations, through hunger (Gen. 41: 30, Jer. 14: 12). 5. to fulfil (a prophecy).

כֻּלָּה

pu. • Root כלה • Page 317

to be finished, ended (Gen. 2: 1, Ps. 72: 20). Often occurs as כֻּלָּא.

Verb Piel infinitive construct common, Suffix pronominal third person masculine plural

LXX: συνετέλεσεν ὡσ συντελέσαι ἐξέλιπον συντελέσω

LXX Usage Statistics

H3615:

συνετέλεσεν 28× (11.2%)

ὡσ 15× (6.4%)

συντελέσαι 11× (4.1%)

ἐξέλιπον 11× (4.9%)

συντελέσω 6× (2.5%)

ἐξαναλῶσαι 6× (2.4%)

συνετέλεσαν 5× (1.9%)

συνετελέσθη 5× (2.0%)

ἐξέλιπεν 5× (2.3%)

συντελείασ 5× (2.3%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
I will pursue mine enemies and destroy them I will not turn back even to finishing them.

LITV Translation:
I have pursued my enemies and destroyed them; and I did not turn until they were consumed.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
I will pursue my enemies, and will utterly destroy them; And I will not turn again till I have consumed them.