2 Samuel 1:18

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ויאמר וַיֹּ֕אמֶר

and he is saying

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אמר

ʼâmar

Definition

to say (used with great latitude)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to say (used with great latitude); answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call, certify, challenge, charge, [phrase] (at the, give) command(-ment), commune, consider, declare, demand, [idiom] desire, determine, [idiom] expressly, [idiom] indeed, [idiom] intend, name, [idiom] plainly, promise, publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), [idiom] still, [idiom] suppose, talk, tell, term, [idiom] that is, [idiom] think, use (speech), utter, [idiom] verily, [idiom] yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H559

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Strongs_Numbers • Page 155

1. (not used) to stand prominently upwards, to project upwards, hence to be elevated. 2. to say, to speak, to command; to press out sounds from within.

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Strongs_Numbers • Page 755

to say, speak

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Page 58

1. to say (dico). Differs from דבר (to speak) in that אָמַר is almost uniformly followed by the words spoken (Lev. 1:2; Gen. 44:16). 2. to think. (Speaking and thinking).

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Page 59

To command (Est 1:17, 1 Chr 21:17); to praise (Ps 40:11). Niph.: to be said, to be called holy (Is 4:3). Hiph.: to declare solemnly, to promise (Deut 26:17, 18). Hithpa.: to boast one's self (Ps 94:4), or to exercise dominion.

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0559:

No stats available

ללמד לְלַמֵּד

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

למד

lâmad

Definition

properly, to goad, i.e. (by implication) to teach (the rod being an Oriental incentive)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to goad, i.e. (by implication) to teach (the rod being an Oriental incentive); (un-) accustomed, [idiom] diligently, expert, instruct, learn, skilful, teach(-er, -ing).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3925

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לָמַד

verb • Strongs / High • Page 788

(Kal) Intransitive: properly to meditate, to think, to imagine; hence to learn, to study, to receive (by understanding and meditation), to practice, to be accustomed to a thing.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לָמֶד

letter name / prefix • Page 336

The twelfth letter of the Hebrew alphabet, denoting 30 as a numerical sign. It also functions as a prefix preposition (i.q. אֶל), most frequently as a sign of the dative case or to form a periphrasis for the genitive (1 Sam. 14:16, Ezek. 1:2).

לָמַד

verb • Page 347

1. To accustom one's self to any thing (Jer. 10:2). 2. To learn (Deut. 14:23, Is. 1:17). Piel: to teach (2 Chr. 17:7, Ps. 71:17). Pual: to be accustomed, inured (Hos. 10:11), or to be taught, skilful (Cant. 3:8).

Preposition, Verb Piel infinitive construct common

LXX: δίδαξόν διδάσκων διδάξαι μάθωσιν διδάξωσιν

LXX Usage Statistics

H3925:

δίδαξόν 11× (12.4%)

διδάσκων 5× (5.3%)

διδάξαι 5× (5.3%)

μάθωσιν 4× (4.6%)

διδάξωσιν 4× (4.6%)

δεδιδαγμένοι 3× (3.3%)

διδάξω 3× (3.5%)

αὐτοὺσ 3× (2.6%)

μάθῃ 2× (2.3%)

ἐδίδαξαν 2× (2.3%)

בני בְּנֵי־

sons/my son

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בן

bên

Definition

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)

Root

from H1129 (בנה);

Exhaustive

from בנה; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.); [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1121

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בֵּן

masc. noun • Root בין • Strongs / High • Page 253

1. A child, begotten, born, often without distinction of sex (frequently pluralized as children). 2. Specifically, a son, a male child (opposite daughter). 3. Used metaphorically to denote personal characteristics (virtuous or vicious personality, heir of virtue/vice) or objects (e.g., young animals, plants, or inanimate objects). 4. A grandson; also used as boy, youth, prince, heir to the throne.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX: υἱοὶ υἱὸσ υἱῶν υἱοῦ υἱοῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1121a:

υἱοὶ 1075× (22.0%)

υἱὸσ 753× (16.8%)

υἱῶν 607× (12.2%)

υἱοῦ 368× (8.1%)

υἱοῖσ 329× (6.1%)

υἱοὺσ 292× (5.7%)

υἱὸν 213× (4.6%)

--- 116× (2.6%)

υἱὲ 96× (2.2%)

'' 84× (1.6%)

יהודה יְהוּדָה

Caster

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יהודה

Yᵉhûwdâh

Definition

Jehudah (or Judah), the name of five Israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory

Root

from H3034 (ידה); celebrated;

Exhaustive

from ידה; celebrated; Jehudah (or Judah), the name of five Israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory; Judah.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3063

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יְהוּדָה

noun proper masculine • Root ידה • Strongs / High • Page 589

Proper name of the fourth son of Leah and Jacob. Also the name of one of the twelve tribes, the district allotted to that tribe, the subsequent kingdom of Judah, and in the post-exile period, the whole Jewish land.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יְהוּדָה

proper name • Root ידה • Page 271

Proper name; Judah. Derived from יָדָה.

יְהוּדָה

noun • Page 274

1. Fourth son of Jacob and the tribe descended from him. 2. The kingdom and people of Judah after the division of the kingdom. Refers to the territory and the people. Josh. xv, Is. 3:8.

Noun proper name

LXX: ιουδα ιουδαν ιουδασ '' ιουδαίασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3063:

ιουδα 582× (74.3%)

ιουδαν 59× (7.0%)

ιουδασ 57× (7.3%)

'' 31× (3.5%)

ιουδαίασ 23× (2.5%)

--- 15× (2.0%)

ιουδαίᾳ 10× (1.0%)

ιουδαία 6× (0.6%)

ιουδαίαν 3× (0.3%)

pἐν 2× (0.3%)

קשת קָשֶׁת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

קשת

qesheth

Definition

a bow, forshooting (hence, figuratively, strength) or the iris

Root

from H7185 (קשה) in the original sense (of H6983 (קוש)) of bending;

Exhaustive

from קשה in the original sense (of קוש) of bending; a bow, forshooting (hence, figuratively, strength) or the iris; [idiom] arch(-er), [phrase] arrow, bow(-man, -shot).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7198

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קֶשֶׁת

noun / feminine • Root קשה • Strongs / High • Page 1306

A bow (pl. קְשָׁתוֹת); the same as the noun קֶשֶׁת.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

קֶשֶׁת

com. gen. • Page 600

1. a bow, to shoot with. Gen. 48:22. Ps. 18:35. 2. as a collect. archers. Is. 21:17. 2. a rain-bow. Gen. 9:13 ff. 3. the song of the bow, the title of the elegy on Saul and Jonathan. 2 Sam. 1:18.

קַשָּׁת

m. denom. • Root קשת • Page 600

an archer. Gen. 21:20.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: τόξον τόξα τόξῳ τόξοισ τόξου

LXX Usage Statistics

H7198:

τόξον 42× (54.6%)

τόξα 7× (7.9%)

τόξῳ 6× (6.3%)

τόξοισ 4× (4.8%)

τόξου 3× (4.2%)

τοξόται 3× (4.0%)

--- 2× (2.8%)

ὡσ 2× (2.8%)

τοξευμάτων 2× (2.4%)

הנה הִנֵּה

Behold

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

הנה

hinnêh

Definition

lo!

Root

prolongation for H2005 (הן);

Exhaustive

prolongation for הן; lo!; behold, lo, see.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2009

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הִנֵּה

adverb / interjection / demonstrative pronoun • Root הן • Consonantal / Medium • Page 408

A demonstrative particle, functioning as an adverb or interjection. Its primary meanings are there, here, behold!, lo!. It points to a definite existence or presence (e.g., 'is there', 'was there'), and is frequently used with suffixes (הִנְנִי, behold me; הִנְךָ, behold you). Before participles, it adds demonstrative liveliness. It can also function as a mere exclamation or mean 'if'.

Matched via consonantal key only

הֵנָּה

personal pronoun • Consonantal / Medium • Page 408

They (feminine). A 3rd person plural feminine personal pronoun. Related to הֵן I.

Matched via consonantal key only

הֵנָּה

adverb • Root הן • Consonantal / Medium • Page 408

An adverb of place and time. 1. hither, to this place, often used after verbs of motion or to add the idea of motion. Can also mean 'thus far' or 'of time till now'. 2. here, in this place.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הִנֵּה

interjection • Page 191

see! behold! Very frequent. (Gen. 19:2; Dan. 12:5; 1 K. 20:40).

Particle interjection

LXX: ἰδοὺ --- ἰδού '' ἦν

LXX Usage Statistics

H2009:

ἰδοὺ 634× (73.5%)

--- 25× (3.1%)

ἰδού 14× (1.6%)

'' 12× (1.3%)

ἦν 9× (0.9%)

ἐστιν 8× (0.8%)

ὅτι 7× (0.9%)

ἰδου 7× (0.8%)

νῦν 6× (0.7%)

ὧδε 6× (0.7%)

כתובה כְתוּבָה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כתב

kâthab

Definition

to grave, by implication, to write (describe, inscribe, prescribe, subscribe)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to grave, by implication, to write (describe, inscribe, prescribe, subscribe); describe, record, prescribe, subscribe, write(-ing, -ten).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3789

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כָּתַב

verb • Root כתב • Strongs / High • Page 748

To write down, inscribe, record; to enroll in a register; in a judicial sense, to decree a punitive process; to prescribe; to subscribe.

Verb Qal participle passive feminine singular absolute

LXX: γεγραμμένα ἔγραψεν γέγραπται γεγραμμένοι γράψον

LXX Usage Statistics

H3789:

γεγραμμένα 46× (18.4%)

ἔγραψεν 31× (11.5%)

γέγραπται 19× (7.4%)

γεγραμμένοι 13× (5.4%)

γράψον 10× (3.9%)

γεγραμμένον 6× (2.2%)

γεγραμμένασ 6× (2.3%)

'' 6× (2.1%)

αὐτὰ 5× (1.5%)

ἔγραψασ 4× (1.6%)

על עַל־

upon/against/yoke

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

על

ʻal

Definition

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Root

properly, the same as H5920 (על) used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as על used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications; above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5921

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַל

adjective / noun • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

Highest; same as עֶלְיוֹן. This form is abridged from עָלָה and derived from עָלַי (like יַד from יָדָה I.), serving as the construct form עֲלֵי (out of עֲלַאי).

עַל

preposition / adverb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

A preposition: upon, over, above, super, in the widest sense. It expresses protecting, covering, resting above upon (answering to 'where'); motion toward the upper surface (answering to 'whither?'); local direction to a more distant agency; or proximity/timing ('with, at'). Used figuratively as dat. commodi and incommodi, meaning a burden or duty upon one, or with certain verbs replacing the dative case. Also expresses motion down upon or up to, sometimes interchanging with אֶל.

עַל

preposition / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 1089

Preposition or Adverb meaning upon, over, at, above (denoting physical overtopping or mental superiority/dominion); expressing addition (to, reckoned to); proximity (by, around); suitability (according to); or occasionally used concessively (though, quanquam).

עַל

preposition / particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Properly, over, upon, concerning, notwithstanding, against, towards, for the sake of, on account of. Used to express position, antithesis, or distance (away from). After certain verbs, signifies giving way, removing, or fleeing. Also forms various compound particles (e.g., עַל-מָה, עַל-כֵּן, עַל אֲשֶׁר).

עַל

preposition (aramaic) • Root אלא • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew עַל. Means: Upon, over, on account of, unto, against, or dative. (Used with suffixes like עָלַי, עָלֵךְ, עֲלֵיהוֹן).

עַל

noun / prepos. • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה, listed as a noun and a preposition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַל

substantive / adverb / adjective • Root עלה • Page 507

Strictly a substantive meaning whatever is high or uppermost (Hos. 7:16, 11:7). Used as an adverb: (1.) 'above' (Gen. 27:39, 49:25; Ps. 50:4). Used as an adjective: (2.) 'high' (2 Sam. 23:1).

Preposition

LXX: ἐπὶ ἐπ' ἐφ' τοῦτο ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5921a:

ἐπὶ 1722× (33.1%)

ἐπ' 701× (13.4%)

ἐφ' 195× (3.7%)

τοῦτο 116× (1.9%)

'' 116× (1.9%)

περὶ 113× (2.2%)

ἀπὸ 108× (2.1%)

--- 108× (2.1%)

αὐτοὺσ 95× (1.6%)

εἰσ 93× (1.8%)

ספר סֵפֶר

a book

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ספר

çêpher

Definition

properly, writing (the art or a document); by implication, a book

Root

or (feminine) ספרה; (Psalm 56:8 (H9 (אבדה))), from H5608 (ספר);

Exhaustive

or (feminine) ספרה; (Psalm 56:8 (אבדה)), from ספר; properly, writing (the art or a document); by implication, a book; bill, book, evidence, [idiom] learn(-ed) (-ing), letter, register, scroll.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5612

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

סֵפֶר

noun masculine • Root ספר • Strongs / High • Page 1033

A writing, a letter, prophetic writing (scriptura), the art of writing, or learning. Specifically, a bill of sale (סֵפֶר מִקְנָה), letter of covenant (סֵפֶר בְּרִית), or bill of divorce (סֵפֶר כְּרִיתוּת). Commonly, a book.

סֵפֶר

noun • Strongs / High • Page 1034

Book, writing (especially of the law, chronicles, or kings); document, letter, list (of the living/book of life); sacred books (βιβλία).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

סֵפֶר

noun masculine • Root ספר • Page 481

1. Writing, scriptura (Is. 29:11, 12). 2. A document or writing, such as a bill of sale or divorce (Jer. 32:11ff; Deut. 24:1, 3). 3. A book (Ex. 17:14; Josh. 1:8). Includes terms like סֵפֶר הַתּוֹרָה (book of the law), סֵפֶר חַיִּים (book of life), and סְפָרִים (holy scriptures).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: βιβλίῳ βιβλίον βιβλίου γράμματα ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5612a:

βιβλίῳ 70× (37.8%)

βιβλίον 54× (29.0%)

βιβλίου 25× (13.9%)

γράμματα 5× (2.8%)

'' 4× (2.0%)

βίβλου 4× (1.8%)

βιβλία 3× (1.7%)

--- 2× (1.2%)

βίβλοσ 2× (1.0%)

βιβλίοισ 2× (0.8%)

הישר הַיָּשָׁר׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ישר

yâshâr

Definition

straight (literally or figuratively)

Root

from H3474 (ישר);

Exhaustive

from ישר; straight (literally or figuratively); convenient, equity, Jasher, just, meet(-est), [phrase] pleased well right(-eous), straight, (most) upright(-ly, -ness).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3477

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יִשַּׁר

verb • Root ישר • Consonantal / Low • Page 661

(Piel) to make straight, of moral conduct; to make even or level; to direct, to lead straightly; to approve, to esteem as right.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

יֵשֶׁר

masculine proper noun • Root ישר • Consonantal / Low • Page 661

righteousness, viz. of El; a proper name.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

יֶשֶׁר

masculine noun • Root ישר • Consonantal / Low • Page 661

honest, see יְשָׁרוּן.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

יָשַׁר

verb • Root ישר • Consonantal / Low • Page 661

1. to be straight, to go straight; to be even, level. 2. Figuratively, to be right, good, pleasing; of the soul, to be even, tranquil, composed.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

יָשָׁר

adjective • Root ישר • Consonantal / Low • Page 661

1. straight, not bent, upright; even, plain. 2. Figuratively: right, good, pleasing; just, righteous; honest, morally good; pious. As a substantive: the best.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

יֹשֶׁר

masculine noun • Root ישר • Consonantal / Low • Page 661

accommodation, settlement, properly a making smooth.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

יֹשֶׁר

masculine noun • Root ישר • Consonantal / Low • Page 661

1. straightness, of a way; 2. right, righteousness.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

יֻשַּׁר

verb • Root ישר • Consonantal / Low • Page 661

(Pual part.) to be made right, prepared; spoken of a thin plate of gold which is cut into ornaments.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

Particle definite article, Adjective adjective both singular absolute

LXX: εὐθὲσ εὐθεῖσ εὐθὴσ ἀρεστὸν εὐθεῖα

LXX Usage Statistics

H3477:

εὐθὲσ 26× (18.9%)

εὐθεῖσ 12× (8.8%)

εὐθὴσ 6× (4.6%)

ἀρεστὸν 6× (3.9%)

εὐθεῖα 4× (3.3%)

ἀληθινόσ 4× (3.1%)

'' 4× (2.9%)

εὐθέσι 4× (2.7%)

εὐθεῖαν 3× (2.3%)

ὀρθὰ 3× (2.2%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
(And he will say to teach the sons of Judah the bow: it was written upon the book of Jasher.)

LITV Translation:
and he said to teach the sons of Judah The Song of the Bow. Behold, it is written in the Book of Jashar:

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And he gave orders to teach it the sons of Judah: behold, it is written in the book of Right.