2 Kings 17:3

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

עליו עָלָיו

upon himself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

על

ʻal

Definition

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Root

properly, the same as H5920 (על) used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as על used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications; above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5921

ו

Definition

him, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9033

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַל

adjective / noun • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

Highest; same as עֶלְיוֹן. This form is abridged from עָלָה and derived from עָלַי (like יַד from יָדָה I.), serving as the construct form עֲלֵי (out of עֲלַאי).

עַל

preposition / adverb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

A preposition: upon, over, above, super, in the widest sense. It expresses protecting, covering, resting above upon (answering to 'where'); motion toward the upper surface (answering to 'whither?'); local direction to a more distant agency; or proximity/timing ('with, at'). Used figuratively as dat. commodi and incommodi, meaning a burden or duty upon one, or with certain verbs replacing the dative case. Also expresses motion down upon or up to, sometimes interchanging with אֶל.

עַל

preposition / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 1089

Preposition or Adverb meaning upon, over, at, above (denoting physical overtopping or mental superiority/dominion); expressing addition (to, reckoned to); proximity (by, around); suitability (according to); or occasionally used concessively (though, quanquam).

עַל

preposition / particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Properly, over, upon, concerning, notwithstanding, against, towards, for the sake of, on account of. Used to express position, antithesis, or distance (away from). After certain verbs, signifies giving way, removing, or fleeing. Also forms various compound particles (e.g., עַל-מָה, עַל-כֵּן, עַל אֲשֶׁר).

עַל

preposition (aramaic) • Root אלא • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew עַל. Means: Upon, over, on account of, unto, against, or dative. (Used with suffixes like עָלַי, עָלֵךְ, עֲלֵיהוֹן).

עַל

noun / prepos. • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה, listed as a noun and a preposition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַל

substantive / adverb / adjective • Root עלה • Page 507

Strictly a substantive meaning whatever is high or uppermost (Hos. 7:16, 11:7). Used as an adverb: (1.) 'above' (Gen. 27:39, 49:25; Ps. 50:4). Used as an adjective: (2.) 'high' (2 Sam. 23:1).

Preposition, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: ἐπὶ ἐπ' ἐφ' τοῦτο ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5921a:

ἐπὶ 1722× (33.1%)

ἐπ' 701× (13.4%)

ἐφ' 195× (3.7%)

τοῦτο 116× (1.9%)

'' 116× (1.9%)

περὶ 113× (2.2%)

ἀπὸ 108× (2.1%)

--- 108× (2.1%)

αὐτοὺσ 95× (1.6%)

εἰσ 93× (1.8%)

עלה עָלָה

climb/climbing one

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עלה

ʻâlâh

Definition

to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative; arise (up), (cause to) ascend up, at once, break (the day) (up), bring (up), (cause to) burn, carry up, cast up, [phrase] shew, climb (up), (cause to, make to) come (up), cut off, dawn, depart, exalt, excel, fall, fetch up, get up, (make to) go (away, up); grow (over) increase, lay, leap, levy, lift (self) up, light, (make) up, [idiom] mention, mount up, offer, make to pay, [phrase] perfect, prefer, put (on), raise, recover, restore, (make to) rise (up), scale, set (up), shoot forth (up), (begin to) spring (up), stir up, take away (up), work.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5927

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עָלָה

verb intransitive • Strongs / High • Page 1091

I. To be high, above, aloft, to be elevated, raised high. To go to a height, to ascend, to go up (opposite יָרַד). To shoot up, of plants, to sprout. To go or come up, often applied to going from a low to a higher region.

עָלָה

verb intransitive • Strongs / High • Page 1091

II. The reverse of יָרַד; specifically used for going to Assyria, or going into a desert, or pilgrimages to holy places (usually higher).

עָלָה

verb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

To go up, ascend, rise. Used for: going to a higher place, overcoming, subduing, overflowing (river), spreading upwards, leading up, mounting up, increasing, prancing, springing upon, crying out, reaching, or amounting to.

עָלָה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1093

To offer a burnt-offering (context of the usage of the verb regarding sacrifice).

עָלָה

intransitive verb • Strongs / High • Page 1093

II. 1. To glow, burn, blaze (of sacrifices, flame, anger, wrath). 2. To sprout, grow (of plants). 3. To lighten, shine (of dawn).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עָלָה

verb • Page 508

To go up, ascend, mount. Applied to people (ascending to a country or place of judgment), things (roads leading, countries extending, lots coming up), plants (shooting or growing up), or metaphorically (rising in value, advancing, excelling, coming to mind). Includes derived forms: Niph. (to be brought up, driven away, or exalted) and Hiph. (to lead or bring up, present an offering, take away, or enroll). (Is. 14:14, Ex. 24:13, Gen. 49:4, Prov. 21:22, Gen. 13:1, Jer. 48:15, Job 36:33, Prov. 24:31, Am. 8:8, 1 K. 22:35, Deut. 28:43, Ezra 1:11, Ps. 47:10, Gen. 37:28, Is. 57:6, Lev. 14:20).

עִלָּה

chald. n.f. • Root עלל • Page 509

A cause, occasion, or pretext. Found in Dan. 6: 5, 6.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5927

I. עָלָה (approximate number of occurrences: 890) verb — go up, ascend, climb.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Mesha Inscription עלה
• Phoenician עלה
• Assyrian elû
• Arabic علا
• Ethiopic ዐለወ
• Sabean עלי

— עָלָה absolute Genesis 19:15 +; Perfect 3 masculine singular עָלָה; 3 feminine singular עָֽלְתָה Genesis 40:10 +, עָלָ֑תָה Jeremiah 14:2, 1 Samuel 1:22; 2 masculine singular עָלִיתָ Genesis 49:4 +; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַעֲלֶה Genesis 2:6 +, יַ֫עַל Genesis 44:33 +, וַיַּעַל Genesis 13:1 +; suffix יַעֲלֶנָּה Isaiah 35:9; Infinitive absolute עָלֹה Genesis 46:4; construct עֲלוֺת Genesis 32:25 +; Imperative masculine singular עֲלֵה Genesis 35:1 +, feminine singular עֲלִי Numbers 21:17 +, plural עֲלוּ Genesis 44:17 +; Participle עֹלֶה Genesis 38:13 +, עוֺלֶה Isaiah 24:18 +; plural עֹלִים Genesis 28:12 + etc.

1. Qal: Meanings and Uses

a. Of persons, from low place to high

• with מִן, מִמִּצְרַיִם Genesis 45:25 (Elohist Source)
• מארץ מצרים Exodus 13:18 (Elohist Source)
• מִן הירדן Joshua 4:16, 17, 19 (Priestly Code)

b. Out of a place

• מִן הארץ 1 Samuel 28:13
• מֵהַבְּאֵר 2 Samuel 17:21

c. With accusative of place whither

• A city: ביתאל Genesis 35:1, 3 (Elohist Source); באר שׁבע Genesis 26:23 (Jehovist Source)
• A mountain: ההר Numbers 13:17 (JE Source); Deuteronomy 1:24
• A bed: Genesis 49:4 (Jehovist Source); 2 Kings 1:4
• The heavens: (הַ)שָּׁמַיִם Deuteronomy 30:12; 2 Kings 2:11; Amos 9:2

d. To sacred places

• בית יהוה 2 Kings 19:14; 2 Kings 20:5, 8; Isaiah 37:14
• אל הר האלהים Exodus 24:13 (Elohist Source)
• בהר יהוה Psalm 24:3

e. By the way to (accusative דֶּרֶךְ)

• Numbers 21:33 (Elohist Source); Deuteronomy 3:1; Judges 8:11

f. Ascend, climb (with בְּ or עַל)

• A ladder: Genesis 28:12 (Elohist Source)
• Altar by steps: Exodus 20:26 (Elohist Source)
• The roof: Joshua 2:8; Judges 9:51

2. In personal relations

a. To meet or visit

• Genesis 44:17, 24, 34; Genesis 45:9 (Jehovist Source)
• לקראת Genesis 46:29 (Jehovist Source); Judges 6:35

b. Go up unto God

• אל האלהים Exodus 19:3 (Elohist Source); 1 Samuel 10:3
• אל יהוה Exodus 24:1 (Elohist Source); Exodus 32:30 (Jehovist Source)

c. In war, against (אֶל or עַל)

• Numbers 13:31 (Elohist Source); Judges 1:1; 1 Samuel 7:7
• 1 Kings 14:25; Judges 20:18

d. Go up after (אחרי), follow

• 1 Samuel 25:13; 1 Kings 1:35, 40

e. Depart, withdraw, retreat

• מֵעַל 1 Samuel 6:20; Genesis 17:22 (Priestly Code)
• 1 Kings 15:19; 2 Kings 12:19

3. Of animals

Frogs Exodus 7:28 (Jehovist Source); quails Exodus 16:13 (Priestly Code); eagle Isaiah 40:31; cattle out of water Genesis 41:2; locusts Joel 2:9.

4. Of vegetation

Spring up, grow: trees Isaiah 55:13; grass Deuteronomy 29:22; ears of grain Genesis 41:5 (Elohist Source); thorns Proverbs 24:31; Isaiah 34:13.

5. Of natural phenomena

Go up, rise: cloud 1 Kings 18:44; dawn Genesis 19:15; smoke Exodus 19:18; fire Judges 6:21; stench Joel 2:20; waters Jeremiah 47:2.

6. Of inanimate things

Covering of flesh Ezekiel 37:8; garments on body Leviticus 19:19; razor on head Judges 13:5; weight in balance Psalm 62:10; be offered (sacrifice) 1 Kings 18:29; healing Jeremiah 8:22.

7. Of thoughts

על לב 2 Kings 12:5; Isaiah 65:17; על רוּחַ Ezekiel 20:32; of anger 2 Samuel 11:20.

8. Come up before God

Arrogance 2 Kings 19:18; cry Exodus 2:23 (Priestly Code); tumult Psalm 74:23.

9. Extend (of boundary)

Joshua 15:3, 6, 8; Joshua 18:12 (Priestly Code).

10. Excel

עַל Proverbs 31:29; Deuteronomy 28:43.

Niphal

Perfect נַעֲלָה Numbers 10:11; 2 masculine singular נַעֲלֵיתָ Psalm 97:9; Imperfect יֵעָלֶה Exodus 40:37; Infinitive construct הֵעָלוֺת Numbers 9:17.

1. be brought up, taken up, or away
   • From Babylon Ezra 1:11
   • Of the cloud from tabernacle Exodus 40:36; Numbers 10:11 (Priestly Code)
   • Reflexive: מֵעַל Numbers 16:27; Jeremiah 37:5
2. be exalted, of God
   • Psalm 47:10; Psalm 97:9

Hiphil

Perfect הֶעֱלָךְ Numbers 8:3; 2 masculine singular הֶעֱלִיתָ Exodus 33:1; Imperfect יַעֲלֶה Leviticus 17:8; Imperative הַ֫עַל Exodus 33:12; Participle מַעֲלֶה 1 Samuel 7:10.

1. bring up persons
   • From Egypt Exodus 17:3 (Elohist Source); Exodus 32:1 (Jehovist Source)
   • Out of a pit Genesis 37:28 (Elohist Source); Jeremiah 38:10
2. in war
   • Against (עַל) Jeremiah 50:9; Ezekiel 26:3
3. bring up animals
   • Frogs Exodus 8:1; chew the cud Leviticus 11:3
4. offer sacrifice (usually עֹלָה)
   • Exodus 24:5 (Elohist Source); Exodus 32:6 (Jehovist Source)
   • On the altar (על מזבח) 1 Kings 12:32; Exodus 40:29 (Priestly Code)

Hophal

1. be carried away Nahum 2:8
2. be inserted in a book 2 Chronicles 20:34
3. be offered Judges 6:28

Hithpael

lift oneself (corrupt passage) Jeremiah 51:3.

¹ Elohist Source.

² Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

³ Priestly Code or Narrative.

⁴ August Dillmann, Lexicon linguae aethiopicae (1865).

⁵ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

Verb Qal perfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ἀνέβη ἀνέβησαν ἀναβήσεται ἀνάβηθι ἀνήνεγκεν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5927:

ἀνέβη 144× (15.2%)

ἀνέβησαν 56× (5.8%)

ἀναβήσεται 42× (4.5%)

ἀνάβηθι 29× (3.3%)

ἀνήνεγκεν 23× (2.3%)

ἀναβῆναι 18× (1.9%)

ἀνήγαγεν 18× (1.9%)

ἀνάβητε 16× (1.8%)

--- 15× (1.7%)

ἀναβῇ 14× (1.6%)

שלמנאסר שַׁלְמַנְאֶסֶר

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שלמנאסר

Shalmanʼeçer

Definition

Shalmaneser, an Assyrian king

Root

of foreign derivation;

Exhaustive

of foreign derivation; Shalmaneser, an Assyrian king; Shalmaneser. Comp שלמן.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8022

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שַׁלְמַנְאֶסֶר

noun proper • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1439

(Assyrian) n. p. of an Assyrian king who reigned after תּגְלַת פְּלֶסֶר (730-716 before Christ), and carried away the Israelite king הוֹשֵעַ with the ten tribes into exile 2 Kings 17, 3; 18, 8.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שַׁלְמַנְאֶסֶר

proper name • Page 682

A king of Assyria between Tiglath-pileser and Sennacherib. 2 K. 17: 3. 18: 9.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8022

I. שַׁלְמַנְאֶ֫סֶר (approximate number of occurrences: 2) proper name masculine — king of Assyria.

Cognates:

• Assyrian Šulman-ašaridu ('Šulman is chief')^{1, 2}
• Properly אסרד-

— שַׁלְמַנְאֶ֫סֶר 2 Kings 17:3 = 2 Kings 18:9; Greek Σαλ(α)μανας(ς)αρ, Vulgate Salmanasar. This was שַׁלְמַנְאֶ֫סֶר IV, B.C. 727–722.^{3, 4}

שֵׁלָנִי see II. שֵׁלָה. שִׁלֹנִי see below שִׁלוֺ.

¹ Eberhard Schrader, Zeitschrift für Keilschriftforschung, ii (1885), 197 ff.

² W. Muss-Arnolt, Journal of Biblical Literature, xi (1892), 79.

³ Sayce, Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible, under the word.

⁴ Johns, Encyclopaedia Biblica, under the word.

Noun proper name masculine

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H8022:

No stats available

מלך מֶלֶךְ

a king

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מלך

melek

Definition

a king

Root

from H4427 (מלך);

Exhaustive

from מלך; a king; king, royal.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4428

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מֶלֶךְ

masculine noun • Root מלך • Strongs / High • Page 859

A king, ruler; properly an abstract concept of rule or government, but commonly used concretely. It can refer to a king of a land, city, people, or tribe. The term is also applied to Jehovah, idols, and animals distinguished for strength. It can also mean an adviser or counsellor, and is used as a proper name.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מֶלֶךְ

noun masculine • Page 380

a king. Ezek. 26: 7. 'the king of kings,' a title of the king of Babylon. Spoken frequently of Jehovah, Ps. 5: 3, and of false gods, Am. 5: 26.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4428

I. מֶ֫לֶךְ (approximate number of occurrences: 2513) noun masculine — king.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Mesha Inscription¹ מלך
• Phoenician מלך
• Zinjirli מלך
• Assyrian maliku, malku, prince (Assyrian šarru = king)
• Arabic ملك king
• Sabean מלכן, construct מלך, plural אמלך
• Ethiopic አምላክ God
• Aramaic מְלֵיךְ, מלכא
• Palmyrene מלך מלכא
• Nabataean מלכא

— מֶ֫לֶךְ absolute Genesis 14:7 +; in pause מֶ֑לֶךְ Genesis 49:20; construct מֶלֶךְ Genesis 14:1 +; suffix מַלְכִּי 2 Samuel 19:44 +; plural מְלָכִים Genesis 14:9 +, מְלָכִין Proverbs 31:3; construct מַלְכֵי Genesis 17:16 +; suffix מְלָכֶיהָ Isaiah 7:16 +, מַלְכֵיהֶם Deuteronomy 7:24 + etc.

1. King

Of various nations and regions:

• Of Egypt: Genesis 39:20; Exodus 1:8; Deuteronomy 11:3; 1 Kings 3:1
• Of Mesopotamia, Assyria, Babylon, Persia: Judges 3:8; Genesis 14:1; 2 Kings 15:19; 2 Kings 17:3; 2 Kings 18:13; 2 Kings 24:1; Ezra 1:1; Ezra 4:3; Esther 1:2 +
• Of Canaan, Philistia, Edom, Moab: Genesis 14:2; Genesis 20:2; Genesis 36:31; Numbers 20:14; Numbers 21:1; Joshua 2:2; Judges 8:5; 2 Kings 3:4
• Of Israel and Judah: Genesis 36:31; Numbers 23:21; Deuteronomy 17:14; 1 Samuel 8:5; 2 Samuel 2:4; 1 Kings 1:33 + (very often)

2. Of Davidic king, as under divine protection

• 1 Samuel 2:10 (+ מְשִׁיחוֺ)
• Psalm 2:6
• Psalm 18:51
• Psalm 89:19
• In Messianic prediction: Hosea 3:5; Isaiah 32:1; Jeremiah 23:5; Ezekiel 37:22–24; Zechariah 9:9

3. Used of Yahweh

As king of Israel and universal king:

• 1 Samuel 12:12
• Psalm 5:3; Psalm 10:16; Psalm 29:10; Psalm 44:5; Psalm 68:25; Psalm 145:1
• מֶלֶךְ הַכָּבוֺד King of glory Psalm 24:7–10
• Universal king: Psalm 47:3; Psalm 95:3; Jeremiah 10:7; Zechariah 14:9; Malachi 1:14

4. In fable and figurative use

• King of trees: Judges 9:8, 15
• Figurative of crocodile: Job 41:26
• Of death: מֶלֶךְ בַּלָּהוֺת king of terrors Job 18:14

5. Combinations and Phrases

1. Royal descriptions
   • הַמֶּלֶךְ הַגָּדוֺל the great king 2 Kings 18:19 (of Assyrian king)
   • מֶלֶךְ מְלָכִים king of kings Ezekiel 26:7 (of Babylon)
   • יְחִי הַמֶּלֶךְ long live the king! 1 Samuel 10:24; 1 Kings 1:34
2. With royal objects
   • מַעֲדַנֵּי־מֶלֶךְ royal dainties Genesis 49:20
   • מִשְׁתֵּה הַמֶּלֶךְ royal feast 1 Samuel 25:36
   • אֶבֶן הַמֶּלֶךְ king's weight 2 Samuel 14:26
   • מִקְדַּשׁ־מֶלֶךְ royal sanctuary Amos 7:13

II. מַלְכִּישׁוּעַ proper name masculine — son of Saul (my king is opulence); — 1 Samuel 14:49; 1 Samuel 31:2; 1 Chronicles 8:33. Greek Μελχεισα.

¹ Mesha Inscription (Moabite Stone).

² Paul de Lagarde, Übersicht über die im Aramäischen, Arabischen und Hebräischen übliche Bildung der Nomina (1889).

³ Jacob Barth, Die Nominalbildung in den semitischen Sprachen (1889–91).

⁴ W. Max Müller, Asien und Europa nach altägyptischen Denkmälern (1893).

Noun common both singular construct

LXX: βασιλεὺσ βασιλέωσ βασιλέα βασιλεῖ βασιλεῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4428:

βασιλεὺσ 631× (23.4%)

βασιλέωσ 546× (20.5%)

βασιλέα 419× (15.7%)

βασιλεῖ 196× (7.1%)

βασιλεῖσ 133× (4.9%)

βασιλεύσ 100× (3.5%)

--- 77× (3.2%)

'' 66× (2.3%)

βασιλέων 63× (2.4%)

βασιλεῦσιν 46× (1.6%)

אשור אַשּׁוּר

Straight

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אשור

ʼAshshûwr

Definition

Ashshur, the second son of Shem; also his descendants and the country occupied by them (i.e. Assyria), its region and its empire

Root

or אשר; apparently from H833 (אשר) (in the sense of successful);

Exhaustive

or אשר; apparently from אשר (in the sense of successful); Ashshur, the second son of Shem; also his descendants and the country occupied by them (i.e. Assyria), its region and its empire; Asshur, Assur, Assyria, Assyrians. See אשר.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H804

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֲשׁוּר

noun • Lemma_Lookup • Page 198

See אֲשֶׁר (Asher).

אַשּׁוּר

noun • Lemma_Lookup • Page 198

In the sense of תְּאַשּׁוּר (box-tree).

אַשּׁוּר

proper name • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 198

1. Proper name of the second son of Shem. 2. Ancestor of the Assyrians. 3. The land Assyria. 4. Syria.

אַשּׁוּר

proper name • Lemma_Lookup • Page 198

Proper name of a territory which belonged to that of Israel.

אַשּׁוּרִים

proper name plural • Lemma_Lookup • Page 198

Proper name of an Arabian race.

בְּנֵי אַשּׁוּר

noun masculine plural • Lemma_Lookup • Page 254

Assyrians

תְּאַשּׁוּר

noun masculine • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1496

the sherbin-cedar or any other sort of cedar, so called from its durability.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֲשׁוּר

noun feminine • Root אשר • Page 76

1. step, walk, course. Prov. 14: 15. Job 23: 11. 2. Ezek. 27: 6, box-tree; interpreted as ivory set in box-wood.

אֲשׁוּר

f. / proper name • Root אשר • Page 76

1. step, walk, course. Job 31: 7. 2. proper name. Assyria and Assyrians. Is. 19: 23, Gen. 10: 10, 22. Also used for the kingdom of Persia (Ezra 6: 22).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H804

I. אַשּׁוּר noun masculine — proper name, of a people and territory: Asshur, Assyria (Assyrian Aššur, land and city; compare Friedrich Delitzsch, Wo lag das Paradies?, page 252; Commentary on the Old Testament on Genesis 2:14; on the connection with name of god Aššur, and with root אשר = ישׁר good, gracious, compare Commentary on the Old Testament, loco citato; see also P. Jensen, Zeitschrift für Assyriologie, 1886, pages 1 following; E. Schrader, ibidem, pages 209 following; T. Nöldeke, ibidem, pages 268 following).

Cognates:

• Assyrian Aššur
• Persian Athura
• Syriac ܐܫܘܪ

1. As person, second son of Shem: Genesis 10:22 (P, in table of nations); 1 Chronicles 1:17.
2. People of Asshur (often as invading army and even world-power): Numbers 24:22, 24 (poem of Balaam); Hosea 12:2; 14:4; Isaiah 10:5; 14:25; 19:23 (twice in verse); 19:24, 25; 23:13; 30:31; 31:8; 52:4; Lamentations 5:6; Ezekiel 23:5; 27:23; 32:22 (here feminine); Zechariah 10:11; Psalm 83:9 (perhaps read גּשׁוּר, compare 2 Samuel 2:9 below אַשּׁוּרִי; or, if Psalm 83 be late, regard אַשּׁוּר as used because of ancient significance); sometimes personified as one: Isaiah 10:5; Ezekiel 31:3 (but strike out, compare C. H. Cornill, quod vide); compare also Micah 5:4, 5:5; Zephaniah 2:13; king of Assyria: 2 Kings 19:32 = Isaiah 37:36; sons of Asshur: Ezekiel 16:28; 23:7, 9, 12, 23.
3. Land of Assyria: Genesis 2:14; 10:11; Hosea 5:13; 7:11; 8:9; 9:3; 10:6; Isaiah 11:11, 16; 19:23; Jeremiah 2:18, 36; Micah 7:12; Zechariah 10:10; אַשּׁוּרָה Genesis 25:18; Isaiah 19:23; 2 Kings 15:29; 17:6, 23; 18:11; land of Asshur: Isaiah 7:18; 27:13; Hosea 11:11; Micah 5:5.
4. Especially king of Asshur: Isaiah 8:4; 10:12; 20:1, 4, 6 (probably gloss 7:17, 20; 8:7); 2 Kings 15:19 (41 times in 2 Kings); 14 times in Isaiah 36-38; 1 Chronicles 5:6 (אַשּׁוּר) + 13 times in Chronicles; also Jeremiah 50:17, 18; Nahum 3:18; Ezra 4:2; (only Ezra 6:22 of Persian or any king not strictly Assyrian); note also the king of Asshur: Isaiah 36:8, 16 (the king of Asshur perhaps gloss, compare A. Dillmann who holds same view as to 2 Kings 18:23, 31); kings of Asshur: 2 Kings 19:11, 17 = Isaiah 37:11, 18; 2 Chronicles 28:16; 30:6; Nehemiah 9:32.

¹ P. Jensen, Zeitschrift für Assyriologie, 1886, pages 1 following.

² E. Schrader, ibidem, pages 209 following.

³ T. Nöldeke, ibidem, pages 268 following.

⁴ Friedrich Delitzsch, Wo lag das Paradies?, page 252.

⁵ Commentary on the Old Testament.

⁶ C. H. Cornill.

⁷ A. Dillmann.

⁸ P = Priests' Code / Narrative.

Noun proper name

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0804:

No stats available

ויהי וַיְהִי־

and he is being

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

היה

hâyâh

Definition

to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

Root

a primitive root (compare H1933 (הוא));

Exhaustive

a primitive root (compare הוא); to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary); beacon, [idiom] altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, [phrase] follow, happen, [idiom] have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, [idiom] use.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1961

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הָיָה

verb • Root היה • Strongs / High • Page 397

To be, to exist, to live, to become. A substantive verb used to unite a subject and predicate. It can also mean to happen, to arise, or to belong to. Used in a wide variety of grammatical constructions.

הָיָה

verb • Root היה • Strongs / High • Page 591

To be, to become, to exist. The common Hebrew verb for 'to be', considered the root of the divine name.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הַיָּה

noun feminine • Page 185

Keri הַוָּה suffering, calamity. Job 6: 2; 30: 13.

הָיָה

verb • Page 184

1. To be (Ex. 20:3, Num. 10:31, etc.); 2. to become (Ex. 4:4, Hos. 3:3, etc.); 3. to happen (Is. 19:15).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1961

I. הָיָה (approximate number of occurrences: 3570) verb — fall out, come to pass, become, be (SI¹; SI² היה; parallel form of הוה, Arabic هوى, Aramaic הֲוָא; see הָוָה).

Cognates:

• Sinaitic Inscriptions הית
• Arabic هوى
• Aramaic הֲוָא

— Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular הָיָה Genesis 3:1 +; וְהָיָה consecutive Genesis 4:14 +; 3 feminine singular הָֽיְתָה Genesis 1:2 +; הָיָ֑תָה Isaiah 14:24; וְהָֽיְתָה consecutive Genesis 9:13 +; 2 masculine singular הָיִיתָ Deuteronomy 5:15 +; 1 singular הָיִיתִי Genesis 31:40; 3 plural הָיוּ Genesis 6:4 +; 2 masculine plural הֱיִיתֶם Exodus 22:20 +; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִהְיֶה Genesis 1:29 +; jussive יְהִי Genesis 1:3 +; וַיְהִי Genesis 1:3 +; 3 feminine singular תִּהְיֶה Genesis 21:30 +; 1 singular אֶהְיֶה Exodus 3:12 +; Imperative masculine singular הֱיֵה Exodus 18:19 +; Infinitive absolute הָיוֺ Genesis 18:18; construct הֱיוֺת Genesis 2:18 +; Participle feminine הוֺיָה Exodus 9:3.

1. Happen and Come to Pass

a. Fall out, happen

• מֶה־הָיָה הַדָּבָר 1 Samuel 4:16 (how has the matter fallen out?)
• 2 Samuel 1:4
• מֶה־הָיָה לוֺ Exodus 32:1, 23 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)

b. Occur, take place, come about

• 1 Samuel 4:17 (a slaughter has taken place)
• 2 Samuel 18:6 (the battle took place)
• Genesis 26:28 (Jehovist Source)
• וַיְהִי־כֵן Genesis 1:7, 9, 11 (Priests' Code)

2. Come into being and Become

a. Arise, appear, come (absolute)

• Exodus 12:80 (there arose a great cry)
• Genesis 9:16 (the bow shall appear)
• Genesis 1:3 (יְהִי אוֺר let light appear)

b. Become (with predicate noun or adjective)

• Genesis 3:20 (mother of all living)
• Genesis 4:2 (became a shepherd)
• וִהְיִיתֶם כֵּאלֹהִים Genesis 3:5 (become like gods)

c. Become (with לְ)

• Genesis 2:7 (became a living soul)
• Exodus 4:3 (became a serpent)
• Genesis 28:21 (Yahweh shall be my God)

3. Exist and Be

a. Exist, be in existence

• 1 Samuel 1:28 (all the days he lives)
• Genesis 2:5 (shrub not yet in the earth)
• Exodus 3:14 (אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה I am that I am)

b. Abide, remain, continue

• Exodus 24:18 (remained in the mount)
• Joshua 19:10 (extend as far as)

Niph`al — Perfect נִהְיָה 1 Kings 1:27; 3 feminine singular נִהְיְתָה Judges 19:30 — be done, be brought about, occur.

• Exodus 11:6 (such as hath not occurred)
• Deuteronomy 4:32
• Proverbs 13:19 (a desire realized)

¹ Sinaitic Inscriptions.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

³ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

⁴ Septuagint (LXX).

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ἔσται ἐγένετο ἦν ἐγενήθη ἔσονται

LXX Usage Statistics

H1961:

ἔσται 827× (22.9%)

ἐγένετο 634× (16.8%)

ἦν 280× (7.9%)

ἐγενήθη 215× (5.8%)

ἔσονται 160× (4.5%)

ἦσαν 134× (3.8%)

ἐγένοντο 83× (2.3%)

'' 74× (1.9%)

--- 73× (2.2%)

εἶναι 67× (1.7%)

לו לוֹ

to himself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ו

Definition

him, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9033

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

וְ

prefix • Root היה • Page 195

A prefix, as in וַיִּקְתֹּל (he killed). Usually called Vav conversivum futuri. It is most probably a contraction of the old form הָוָה or הָוֵי i. q. הָיָה.

וְ

conj. and prefix • Page 194

Vav copulativum. Signifies a nail, peg, hook. Used as: 1. merely connective (and, also); 2. adversative (but, yet - Gen. 17:21); 3. illative (since, wherefore - Gen. 26:27, Ruth 1:21); 4. causal (for - Gen. 20:3, Is. 39:1); 5. to express result/consequence (that - Num. 23:19).

Preposition, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

הושע הוֹשֵׁעַ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

הושע

Hôwshêaʻ

Definition

Hoshea, the name of five Israelites

Root

from H3467 (ישע); deliverer;

Exhaustive

from ישע; deliverer; Hoshea, the name of five Israelites; Hosea, Hoshea, Oshea.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1954

Definition

Definition not found

Root

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H21530

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הוֹשֵׁעַ

noun proper • Root ישע • Consonantal / Medium • Page 396

God is help.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הוֹשֵׁעַ

proper name • Page 184

(save) a proper name. 1. the earlier name of Joshua (Num. 13:8, 16); 2. a king of Israel (2K.15:30, 17:1 ff, 18:1 ff); 3. a prophet (Hos. 1:1, 2).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1954

I. הוֺשֵׁעַ (salvation; on form, compare הַשְׁמֵד, הַמְשֵׁל; on pronunciation see Hpt¹, Jager²) proper name masculine — Hosea.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Original name of Joshua

• Numbers 13:8, 16 (Priests' Code), ᵐ5 Αυση
• Deuteronomy 32:44 (Jehovist Source; probably error, see Dr³), ᵐ5 Ιησους, see יְהוֺשׁוּעַ

b. Last king of Israel

• 2 Kings 15:30
• 2 Kings 17:1, 3, 4, 6
• 2 Kings 18:1, 9, 10, ᵐ5 Ωσηε

c. The prophet Hosea

• Hosea 1:1, 2 (twice in verse), ᵐ5 Ωσηε

d. An Ephraimite chief under David

• 1 Chronicles 27:20, ᵐ5 Ωση(ε)

e. A chief under Nehemiah

• Nehemiah 10:24, ᵐ5 Ωσηθα, Ωσηε

¹ Paul Haupt, Zeitschrift für Assyriologie (ZA), ii. 261 Anm. 2.

² J. G. Jager, Beiträge zur Assyriologie und semitischen Sprachwissenschaft (BAS), i. 468.

³ S. R. Driver, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Deuteronomy (International Critical Commentary).

⁴ Priests' Code (P).

⁵ Jehovist (Yahwist) Source (J).

Noun proper name masculine

LXX: ωσηε αυση

LXX Usage Statistics

H1954:

ωσηε 11× (73.5%)

αυση 2× (13.3%)

עבד עבֶד

male-servant

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עבד

ʻebed

Definition

a servant

Root

from H5647 (עבד);

Exhaustive

from עבד; a servant; [idiom] bondage, bondman, (bond-) servant, (man-) servant.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5650

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עֶבֶד

noun masculine • Root עבד • Strongs / High • Page 1043

A servant, a slave (whether acquired by captivity/debt/purchase, or born in the house).

עֶבֶד

noun masculine • Root עבד • Strongs / High • Page 1044

slave, servant, bondman, subject, willing dependent, instrument; used often as a title of devotion or respect (worshipper, devotee); metaphor for messengers/ambassadors of God, angels, prophets.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עֶבֶד

noun masculine • Root עבד • Page 486

A servant, courtier, or military officer. Also an honourable title of pious and holy men (e.g., Moses, Joshua, Job, David). Often used as a humble self-reference in the first person. Refs: Gen. 9:25, 1 Sam. 16:17, Deut. 34:5, Josh. 1:1, Ps. 18:1.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5650

I. עֶ֫בֶד (approximate number of occurrences: 799) noun masculine¹ — slave, servant.

— עֶ֫בֶד Genesis 9:25 +, עָ֑בֶד Genesis 44:10 +; suffix עַבְדִּי Genesis 26:24 +; עַבְדְּךָ Genesis 19:19 +; עַבְדֶּ֫ךָ Genesis 18:3 +; plural עֲבָדִים Genesis 9:25 +, construct עַבְדֵי Genesis 21:25 +, suffix עֲבָדַי Leviticus 25:42 +, עַבְדֵיכֶם Joshua 9:11 +, etc.

1. Slave or servant

• of household Genesis 39:17, 19; Genesis 41:12; Genesis 50:2; Exodus 21:2 +
• man-servant, "" אמה Exodus 20:10; Leviticus 25:6; Deuteronomy 5:14; Job 31:13 +; "" שׁפחה Genesis 12:16; Genesis 32:6; Jeremiah 34:11; Isaiah 14:2 +; + אדון Deuteronomy 23:16; Isaiah 24:2; Malachi 1:6 +
• מִקְנַת כֶּסֶף Exodus 12:44 or יְלִיד בַּיִת Jeremiah 2:14
• עֶבֶד עֲבָדִים servant of servants, humblest servant, Genesis 9:25
• בֵּית עֲבָדִים house of slaves, especially Israel in Egypt Exodus 13:3, 14 (Deuteronomic Source ?) Deuteronomy 5:6; Deuteronomy 6:12; Deuteronomy 7:8; Deuteronomy 8:14; Deuteronomy 13:6; Deuteronomy 13:11; Joshua 24:17; Judges 6:8; Jeremiah 34:13; Micah 6:4
• וזכרת כי עבד היית ב(ארץׅ מצרים and thou shalt remember that thou wast a slave in (the land of) Egypt Deuteronomy 5:15; Deuteronomy 15:15; Deuteronomy 16:12; Deuteronomy 24:18, 22
• King of Babylon is slave to יהוה Jeremiah 25:9; Jeremiah 27:6; Jeremiah 43:10; the borrower to the lender Proverbs 22:7; figurative of beast Job 40:28; of things Genesis 47:19

2. Subjects

• of chief Genesis 26:15, 19, 25, 32; Genesis 27:37; Genesis 32:17 (twice) +
• of king Genesis 21:25; Exodus 7:28; Exodus 7:29; 1 Kings 9:27; Deuteronomy 29:1 +
• vassal kings 2 Samuel 10:19; tributary nations 2 Samuel 8:2, 6, 14 = 1 Chronicles 18:2, 6, 13
• specifically officers of king 1 Samuel 19:1; 1 Samuel 21:8; 2 Samuel 11:13; Proverbs 14:35 +; עַבְדֵי פַרְעֹה Genesis 40:20; Genesis 41:10; שָׁאוּל ע׳ 1 Samuel 16:17; 1 Samuel 18:22; 1 Samuel 28:7; הַמֶּלֶךְ ע׳ 1 Kings 1:47; Esther 3:3 +; עֶבֶד הַמֶּלֶךְ 2 Kings 22:12 (2 Chronicles 34:20) (a court official)
• opposed to שַׂר Proverbs 19:10; Ecclesiastes 10:7; מֶלֶךְ Proverbs 30:22
• ambassadors Numbers 22:18; 2 Samuel 10:2; soldiers of army 1 Samuel 17:8; 1 Samuel 25:10; 2 Samuel 2:12, + officers of army 1 Samuel 29:3; 1 Kings 11:26; 2 Kings 25:8; Isaiah 36:9

3. Servants, worshippers of God

• עַבְדֵי יהוה 2 Kings 9:7; 2 Kings 10:23; Isaiah 54:17, compare Genesis 50:17; Isaiah 56:6
• עֲבָדָיו Deuteronomy 32:36 = Psalm 135:14; Isaiah 65:15; Isaiah 66:14; Psalm 34:23; Psalm 69:37; Nehemiah 2:20; "" עַמּוֺ Psalm 105:25 compare Deuteronomy 32:43; עֲבָּדַי Isaiah 65:8, 9, 13 (twice)
• specifically angels Job 4:18
• ancient worthies, patriarchs Exodus 32:13 (Jehovist Source), Deuteronomy 9:27; Abraham Genesis 26:24 (Jehovist Source), Psalm 105:6, 42; Isaac Genesis 24:14 (Jehovist Source); Jacob, Israel Ezekiel 28:25; Ezekiel 37:25; 1 Chronicles 16:13
• Moses Exodus 14:31; Joshua 18:7 (Jehovist Source), Numbers 12:7, 8 (Elohist Source), Deuteronomy 34:5, Joshua 1:1, 2, 7, 13, 15 (all Deuteronomic Source), 1 Kings 8:53, 56; Nehemiah 1:8; Malachi 3:22; Daniel 9:11
• Joshua Joshua 24:29 (Elohist Source); Caleb Numbers 14:24 (Jehovist Source); Job Job 1:8; Job 2:3; Job 42:7, 8; David 2 Samuel 3:18; 2 Samuel 7:5, 8, 26; Zerubbabel Haggai 2:23; Eliakim Isaiah 22:20
• The צֶמַח Zechariah 3:8; compare Zechariah 6:12 is also servant of יהוה as Messianic builder of temple²

4. Servant of יהוה, in a special sense

• of Levitical singers Psalm 113:1; Psalm 134:1; Psalm 135:1
• usually of prophets, עֲבָדַי הַנְּבִיאִים my servants the prophets 2 Kings 9:7; 2 Kings 17:13; Jeremiah 7:25; Jeremiah 26:5; Jeremiah 29:19; Jeremiah 35:15; Jeremiah 44:4; Ezekiel 38:17; Zechariah 1:6
• specifically Ahia 1 Kings 14:18; Elijah 2 Kings 9:36; Jonah 2 Kings 14:25; Isaiah Isaiah 20:3; עַבְדּוֺ, "" מלאכיו Isaiah 44:26

5. Israel as a people is servant of יהוה

• יִשְׂרָאֵל Isaiah 41:8, 9; Isaiah 44:21; Isaiah 49:3; Psalm 136:22; יעקב Isaiah 44:1, 2; Isaiah 45:4; Isaiah 48:20; Jeremiah 30:10; Jeremiah 46:27
• עַבְדִּי = עֶבֶד יהוה, as having a mission to the nations Isaiah 42:19; and witness of יהוה Isaiah 43:10
• Ideal servant chosen to be a covenant of Israel and a light of the nations Isaiah 42:1 (compare Isaiah 42:2–6); formed to bring back Jacob Isaiah 49:5, 6; interposing martyr Isaiah 52:13; Isaiah 53:11. [Messianic, see Matthew 8:16–17; 12:16–21; Luke 4:17–22; Philippians 2:5–11]

6. In polite address

Of equals or superiors the Hebrews used עַבְדְּךָ thy servant = 1 person singular, I:

• Genesis 18:3; 1 Samuel 20:7, 8; 2 Kings 8:13 +; עֲבָדֶיךָ thy servants = we Genesis 42:11; Isaiah 36:11
• Also עַבְדּוֺ his servant = I, 1 Samuel 26:18, 19; 2 Samuel 14:22; 2 Samuel 24:21 +
• Addressing God in prayer: Exodus 4:10; Numbers 11:11; Judges 15:18; 1 Samuel 3:9, 10; 2 Samuel 24:10; Psalm 19:12, 14; Psalm 31:17; Psalm 143:2 +

7. Phrases

• עבד (היה), with לְ person, become servant to Genesis 9:26, 27; Genesis 44:10, 16, 17, 33; Genesis 47:19, 26 (Jehovist Source)
• היה לעבד, with לְ person, Genesis 44:9 (Jehovist Source) Genesis 50:18 (Elohist Source) 1 Samuel 8:17; 1 Samuel 17:9
• כבשׁ לעבדים Nehemiah 5:5; Jeremiah 34:11; לקח לע׳ Genesis 43:18 (Jehovist Source) 2 Kings 4:1; Job 40:28

¹ Lagarde, Bildung der Nomina (1889) (Lag^{BN 77}).

² Briggs, Messianic Prophecy, 1886 (Br^{MP 442 ff}).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: παῖδεσ παῖσ δοῦλόσ δούλου παῖδασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5650:

παῖδεσ 70× (8.3%)

παῖσ 68× (8.3%)

δοῦλόσ 53× (6.3%)

δούλου 45× (5.5%)

παῖδασ 41× (4.8%)

παίδων 37× (4.5%)

δούλων 37× (4.6%)

δοῦλόν 30× (3.5%)

δούλῳ 28× (3.3%)

δούλουσ 25× (3.0%)

וישב וַיָּשֶׁב

and he is sitting

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שוב

shûwb

Definition

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again; ((break, build, circumcise, dig, do anything, do evil, feed, lay down, lie down, lodge, make, rejoice, send, take, weep)) [idiom] again, (cause to) answer ([phrase] again), [idiom] in any case (wise), [idiom] at all, averse, bring (again, back, home again), call (to mind), carry again (back), cease, [idiom] certainly, come again (back), [idiom] consider, [phrase] continually, convert, deliver (again), [phrase] deny, draw back, fetch home again, [idiom] fro, get (oneself) (back) again, [idiom] give (again), go again (back, home), (go) out, hinder, let, (see) more, [idiom] needs, be past, [idiom] pay, pervert, pull in again, put (again, up again), recall, recompense, recover, refresh, relieve, render (again), requite, rescue, restore, retrieve, (cause to, make to) return, reverse, reward, [phrase] say nay, send back, set again, slide back, still, [idiom] surely, take back (off), (cause to, make to) turn (again, self again, away, back, back again, backward, from, off), withdraw.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7725

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שׁוּב

verb • Root שוב • Strongs / High • Page 755

to return to

שׁוּב

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1389

Intransitive: properly, to turn; to turn away from; to revolve; to come back or revert to; to be restored; to return home; to remain behind.

שׁוּב

verb • Root שוב • Strongs / High • Page 1391

To turn, turn back, return (intransitive); to turn about, turn away (i.e., not to expect war), to convert, repent, to turn the face, to turn the hand (for attack or protection), to turn away anger (of God or man); to drive back, to withhold, to hinder, to lead back.

שׁוּב

unknown • Strongs / High • Page 1363

Aramaic example of interchange with ת.

שׁוּב

unknown • Strongs / High • Page 1363

Example of interchange of שׁ and ת.

שׁוּב

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1390

To turn back, to return (to an earlier state, place, or person). To be converted, to repent (turn to God). Also, to repeat (used commonly with another verb to express the idea of doing again).

שׁוּב

adverb • Root שוב • Strongs / High • Page 1390

Again, besides, in addition (used as an adverb, often abridged or associated with the infinitive לָשׁוּב).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שׂוֹב

verb • Root שיב • Page 635

To have gray hairs; see שֵׂיב.

שׁוּב

verb / fut. יָשׁוּב / apoc. יָשֵׁב • Page 657

1. to turn, turn back, return. Gen. 27: 45. 2 Chr. 30: 9. 2. to cease, desist, from a purpose or from evil. Jer. 4: 28. Ezek. 18: 24. 3. to turn back from a person.

שׁוּב

verb • Root שוב • Page 658

To turn back, to return. (2) Spoken of things without life, to go or come back (Is. 29:17, Gen. 3:19). (3) Joined with another verb, forms a periphrasis of 'again' or 'anew' (Gen. 30:31 אָשׁוּבָה, 2 K. 1:13 וַיָּשָׁב וַיִּשְׁלַח). (4) Causative, to lead or bring back (Num. 10:36). (5) Particularly in the phrase שׁוּב שְׁבוּת 'to bring back captives' (Ezek. 35:9).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7725

I. שׁוּב (approximate number of occurrences: 1056) verb — turn back, return.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew שׁוּב idem
• Moabite (Mesha Inscription^{8f. 12}) השיב (Hiph`il)
• Sabean תֿיב, התֿב (especially requite)
• Arabic ثاب return
• Aramaic תּוּב, 𐡕𐡅𐡁

— Qal₆₈₅ Perfect שָׁב Genesis 18:33 +, 3 feminine singular שָׁ֫בָה Ruth 1:15 +, וְשָׁבַת consecutive Ezekiel 46:17 (GKC^{§ 72o}), 2 masculine singular שַׁבְתָּ Psalm 85:2; Imperfect יָשׁוּב Hosea 11:5 +, יָשֻׁב Psalm 146:4; Lamentations 3:3, jussive יָשֹׁב Judges 7:3 +, וַיָּ֫שָׁב Genesis 26:18 +; Imperative שׁוּב Genesis 31:3 +, שֻׁב Exodus 4:19, שׁוּ֫בָה Hosea 14:2 +; Infinitive absolute שׁוֺב Genesis 8:3 +, construct שׁוּב Exodus 4:21 +, שֹׁב Joshua 2:16 (GKC^{§ 72q}); Participle שָׁב Genesis 43:18 +, passive construct שׁוּבֵי Micah 2:8.

1. Turn back

• With מִן local Judges 3:19; Judges 8:13
• From following מֵאַחֲרֵי 2 Samuel 11:15; Ruth 1:16
• From pursuing 1 Samuel 17:53; 2 Samuel 2:26, 30
• In fear Job 39:22; Proverbs 30:30
• Figurative of repulse or defeat Psalm 9:4; Psalm 74:21
• From a promise or vow Judges 11:35

2. Return, come or go back

• From person מֵעַל 1 Samuel 17:15; 2 Samuel 10:14
• From foreign land 2 Kings 8:3; Ruth 1:6; Ezra 6:21
• Going back and forth עֹבֵר וָשָׁב Zechariah 7:14; Ezekiel 35:7

3. Return unto

a. Go back

• To person or location Genesis 21:32; Genesis 28:21; Numbers 23:5
• To God (+ אֶל) Exodus 5:22; Exodus 32:31

b. Come back

• To person or location Genesis 8:9; Exodus 24:14
• From exile Joshua 1:15; Zechariah 1:16

4. Of dying and revival

a. Of dying

• To the dust אֶלֿ(הֶ)עָפָר Genesis 3:19; Psalm 104:29; Ecclesiastes 3:20
• To Sheol Psalm 9:18

b. Of revival

• Return to house Job 7:10; 2 Samuel 12:13

5. Figurative of human relations

• Return to leader or king Judges 11:8; 1 Kings 12:27
• Return to state or course of life Isaiah 23:17; Ezekiel 16:55
• Change course of action Jeremiah 34:15; Job 6:29

6. Figurative specifically of spiritual relations

a. Apostatize (turn back from God)

• Numbers 14:43; 1 Samuel 15:11; 1 Kings 9:6

b. Turn back to God (repent)

• Hosea 6:1; Hosea 14:3; 1 Kings 8:33
• Repent (absolute) Isaiah 6:10; Jeremiah 4:1

c. God's anger turning away

• Exodus 32:12; Deuteronomy 13:18; Jonah 3:9

7. Of inanimate things

• Waters Genesis 8:3; Exodus 14:26
• Wind Psalm 78:39; Shadow 2 Kings 20:9
• Sword 2 Samuel 1:22; Word Isaiah 45:23
• Restoration to healthy condition 1 Kings 13:6; Exodus 4:7

8. Denoting repetition

+ verb, return (and) do = do again:

• Genesis 26:18; 1 Samuel 3:5, 6
• Jeremiah 18:4; Malachi 1:4

9. Transitive

In phrase שׁוּב שְׁבוּת restore captivity:

• Isaiah 52:8; Psalm 85:5; Nahum 2:3

— Po`el 1. Bring back: Jeremiah 50:19; Ezekiel 39:27; Isaiah 49:5. 2. Restore, refresh: Psalm 23:3; Isaiah 58:12. 3. Lead away (entice): Ezekiel 38:4; Isaiah 47:10. 4. Apostatize: Jeremiah 8:5.

— Pu`lal Participle feminine מְשׁוֺבֶ֫בֶת Ezekiel 38:8 restored.

— Hiph`il₃₅₃ Perfect הֵשִׁיב Genesis 41:13 +, הֱשִׁיבוֺתָ Psalm 85:4; Imperfect יָשִׁיב Exodus 21:34 +, וַיָּ֫שֶׁב Genesis 20:14 +; Imperative הָשֵׁב Genesis 20:7 +; Infinitive construct הָשִׁיב Genesis 42:35 +.

1. Cause to return, bring back

• From exile 1 Kings 8:34; Jeremiah 27:22
• Recover, rescue Genesis 14:16; Psalm 35:17
• Put back / Draw back: Genesis 29:3; Exodus 4:7; Lamentations 2:3
• Give back, restore, pay back: Genesis 20:14; Deuteronomy 24:13; Leviticus 25:27
• Requital: 1 Samuel 6:8; Psalm 72:10

2. Refreshing and Reporting

• Refresh soul (נֶפֶשׁ) Lamentations 1:11; Psalm 19:8
• Bring back word, report, answer Genesis 37:14; Numbers 22:8; 1 Kings 12:6

3. Turning away and Revoking

• Repel, defeat, reject 2 Kings 18:24; Isaiah 14:27; 1 Kings 2:16
• Turn away face or anger Numbers 25:11; Proverbs 15:1; Psalm 78:38
• Reverse, revoke judgment or blessing Amos 1:3; Numbers 23:20

— Hoph`al Perfect הוּשַׁב Genesis 42:28 returned; Participle הַמּוּשָׁב Genesis 43:12; Imperfect וַיוּשַׁב Exodus 10:8 was brought back.

Aramaic

I. תּוּב (Biblical Hebrew שׁוּב) verb — return.

1. Pe`al return (of brightness or knowledge)
   • Imperfect יְתוּב Daniel 4:33
   • Imperfect Daniel 4:31
2. Haph`el restore, return (answer)
   • Perfect הֲתִיב Daniel 2:14
   • Perfect הֲתִיבוּנָא Ezra 5:11
   • Imperfect יַהֲתִיבוּן Ezra 6:5
   • Infinitive לַהֲתָבוּתָח Daniel 3:16

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Mesha Inscription (Moabite Stone).

³ Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum (CIS).

conjunctive, Verb Hiphil sequential imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ἐπέστρεψεν ἀπέστρεψεν ἐπιστρέψαι ἐπιστρέψει ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H7725:

ἐπέστρεψεν 58× (5.0%)

ἀπέστρεψεν 36× (3.2%)

ἐπιστρέψαι 35× (2.9%)

ἐπιστρέψει 30× (2.6%)

'' 24× (2.0%)

ἀποστρέψαι 23× (1.8%)

ἀποστρέψω 21× (1.9%)

ἀνέστρεψεν 21× (1.9%)

πάλιν 21× (1.8%)

ἐπιστρέψω 20× (1.8%)

לו לוֹ

to himself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ו

Definition

him, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9033

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

וְ

prefix • Root היה • Page 195

A prefix, as in וַיִּקְתֹּל (he killed). Usually called Vav conversivum futuri. It is most probably a contraction of the old form הָוָה or הָוֵי i. q. הָיָה.

וְ

conj. and prefix • Page 194

Vav copulativum. Signifies a nail, peg, hook. Used as: 1. merely connective (and, also); 2. adversative (but, yet - Gen. 17:21); 3. illative (since, wherefore - Gen. 26:27, Ruth 1:21); 4. causal (for - Gen. 20:3, Is. 39:1); 5. to express result/consequence (that - Num. 23:19).

Preposition, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

מנחה מִנְחָה׃

a gift-offering/donation

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מנחה

minchâh

Definition

a donation; euphemistically, tribute; specifically a sacrificial offering (usually bloodless and voluntary)

Root

from an unused root meaning to apportion, i.e. bestow;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to apportion, i.e. bestow; a donation; euphemistically, tribute; specifically a sacrificial offering (usually bloodless and voluntary); gift, oblation, (meat) offering, present, sacrifice.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4503

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מִנְחָה

noun feminine • Root מנה • Strongs / High • Page 873

A present, gift, offered to a noble or a king; tribute, impost; particularly what is presented to God, a sacrifice, especially a meat and drink offering.

מִנְחָה

aram. fem. (aramaic) • Root מנה • Strongs / High • Page 873

Aramaic feminine noun, same as the Hebrew word.

מִנְחָה

noun feminine • Root מנא מנה • Strongs / High • Page 875

A contribution or appointed gift, for the king, priests, Levites, or singers. Can also mean a portion, lot, or portion of prey.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִנְחָה

f. verbal • Root מנה • Page 386

A present, gift (Gen. 32:14); particularly a present or offering to the deity, such as a meat or drink offering (Gen. 4:3-5, Lev. 2:1); a sacrifice and offering (Ps. 40:7); a tribute, custom, to a ruling nation (2 Sam. 8:2,6, 1 K. 5:1).

מִנְחָה

chald. • Page 386

Same as the Hebrew (idem). Ref: Dan. 2:46, Ezra 7:17.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4503

I. מִנְחָה (approximate number of occurrences: 153) noun feminine — gift, tribute, offering.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Phoenician מנחת
• Aramaic מִנְחָתָא

— מִנְחָה absolute Genesis 4:3 (81 times); construct מִנְחַת Leviticus 2:7 (22 times); suffix מִנְחָתִי Genesis 33:10 (3 times); + 41 times suffixes singular; plural suffix מִנְחֹתֶיךָ Psalm 20:4; מִנְחֹתֵיכֶם Numbers 29:39, Amos 5:22.

1. Gift, present

• Genesis 32:14, 19, 21, 22 (Elohist Source)
• Genesis 33:10
• Genesis 43:11, 15, 25, 26 (Jehovist Source)
• Judges 6:18
• 1 Samuel 10:27
• 1 Kings 10:25
• 2 Chronicles 9:24
• 2 Kings 8:8, 9
• 2 Kings 20:12 = Isaiah 39:1
• Psalm 45:13
• 2 Chronicles 32:23

2. Tribute

• Judges 3:15, 17, 18 (twice)
• 2 Samuel 8:2, 6 = 1 Chronicles 18:2, 6
• 1 Kings 5:1
• 2 Kings 17:3, 4
• 2 Chronicles 17:5, 11
• 2 Chronicles 26:8
• Hosea 10:6
• Psalm 72:10

3. Offering made to God, of any kind, whether grain or animals

• Genesis 4:3, 4, 5
• Numbers 16:15 (Jehovist Source)
• 1 Samuel 2:17, 29
• 1 Samuel 26:19
• Isaiah 1:13
• Psalm 96:8
• Zephaniah 3:10
• (+ עֲלוֺת הַ֫מִּנְחָה) 1 Kings 18:29, 36; 2 Kings 3:20 (Ephraimitic source)
• זבח ומנחה 1 Samuel 2:29, 1 Samuel 3:14; Isaiah 19:21
• עלה ומנחה Jeremiah 14:12; "" עולה Psalm 20:4; "" שֶׁלֶם Amos 5:22

4. Grain offering (meal-offering)

AV meat offering, misleading < RV meal-offering (GFM¹ cereal oblation):

• Isaiah 66:20 (+ מנחה טהורה Malachi 1:11)
• Jeremiah 41:5 (late addition Co²)
• Malachi 1:10
• חִטִּים למנחה 1 Chronicles 21:23
• סֹלֶת 1 Chronicles 23:29, Ezekiel 46:14, 20
• Distinguished from other offerings: 1 Kings 8:64; 2 Kings 16:13, 15; Isaiah 43:23; Isaiah 57:6; Isaiah 66:3; Jeremiah 17:26; Jeremiah 33:18; Ezekiel 42:13; Ezekiel 44:29; Ezekiel 45:15, 17, 25; Daniel 9:27; Psalm 40:7
• עֶרֶב מִנְחַת evening grain offering 2 Kings 16:15; Ezra 9:4–5; Daniel 9:21; Psalm 141:2
• מִנְחַת הַתָּמִיד continual grain offering Nehemiah 10:34, Leviticus 6:13, Numbers 4:16 (all exilic or post-exilic)

5. Grain-offering (always in P³)

In classifications: Exodus 30:9; Exodus 40:29; Leviticus 7:37; Leviticus 23:37; Numbers 18:9; Numbers 29:39.

a. Parched grain

• אָבִיב parched with fire, with oil and frankincense Leviticus 2:14–15

b. Fine flour

• סֹלֶת with oil and frankincense Leviticus 2:1; Leviticus 6:7; בְּלוּלָה בַּשֶּׁמֶן mingled with oil Leviticus 14:10, 21; Leviticus 23:13; Numbers 7:13; Numbers 8:8; Numbers 15:4, 6, 9; Numbers 28:5; Numbers 29:3, 9, 14
• Without oil (sin offering of the poor): Leviticus 5:11–13

c. Baked or prepared

• חַלּוֺת perforated cakes, or רְקִיקִים flat cakes Leviticus 2:4; Leviticus 7:9; Numbers 6:15
• על הַמַּחֲבַת on a flat pan Leviticus 2:5; Leviticus 6:14; Leviticus 7:9
• מַרְחֶשֶׁת frying pan Leviticus 2:7; Leviticus 7:9
• (All unleavened מַצּוֺת with oil and salt Leviticus 2:11–13)

d. At Pentecost to consecrate new bread

• מִנְחָה חֲדָשָׁה new grain offering Leviticus 23:16–17; Numbers 28:26

e. Barley meal without oil or incense

• מִנְחַת קְנָאֹת grain offering of jealousy Numbers 5:15, 18, 25
• Phrases: מִנְחַת הַבֹּקֶר Exodus 29:41; קָרְבַּן מִנְחָה Leviticus 2:1; בִּכּוּרִים מִנְחָה Leviticus 2:14; מִּתִּים מִנְחָה Leviticus 6:14

6. Verbs of offering

Verbs used with מִנְחָה:

• הֵבִיא Genesis 4:3, Leviticus 2:2, Isaiah 1:13, Malachi 1:13
• הִקְרִיב Leviticus 2:1, Leviticus 6:7, Numbers 5:25
• עָשָׂה Numbers 6:17, 1 Kings 8:64, Ezekiel 45:24
• הִקְטִיר 2 Kings 16:13, Jeremiah 33:18
• הֶעֱלָה Isaiah 57:6, Jeremiah 14:12
• הִגִּישׁ Amos 5:25, Malachi 2:12, Malachi 3:3
• נָשָׂא Psalm 96:8; (as tribute) 2 Samuel 8:2, 6

Aramaic

I. מִנְחָה noun feminine gift, offering (Biblical Hebrew id., √ מנח).

1. oblation, to God's representative
   • absolute מִנְחָה Daniel 2:46
2. technical meal-offering
   • plural suffix מִנְחָֽתְהוֺן Ezra 7:17

¹ George Foot Moore, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Judges (1895).

² Carl Heinrich Cornill, Das Buch des Propheten Jeremia (1905).

³ Priests' Code.

Noun common feminine singular absolute

LXX: θυσίαν θυσίασ δῶρα θυσία θυσίαι

LXX Usage Statistics

H4503:

θυσίαν 67× (30.1%)

θυσίασ 30× (13.9%)

δῶρα 25× (12.4%)

θυσία 24× (11.8%)

θυσίαι 19× (8.2%)

μαναα 17× (7.8%)

--- 4× (2.1%)

ξένια 3× (1.6%)

σεμίδαλιν 3× (1.5%)

'' 3× (1.4%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
Against him came up Shalmaneser king of Amur; and Hoshea will be to him a servant, and he will turn back to him a gift.

LITV Translation:
Shalmaneser the king of Assyria came against him, and Hoshea was a servant to him, and paid him tribute.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
Against him came up Shalmaneser king of the Assyrians; and Hoshea became his servant, and rendered him tribute.