2 Chronicles 4:10

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ואת וְאֶת־

and אֵת-self eternal

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

את

ʼêth

Definition

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

Root

apparent contracted from H226 (אות) in the demonstrative sense of entity;

Exhaustive

apparent contracted from אות in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely); (as such unrepresented in English).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H853

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵת

particle • Strongs_Numbers • Page 87

Particle used as a sign of the accusative, indicating the definite object of a verb; also used reflexively, or in designations of time and place. Occasionally interchangeable with other prepositions.

אֵת

substantive • Root אות • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

I. Proper substance, being, essence, body, self, essential. It is used as the sign of an accusative, or to give prominence to a noun as subject.

אֵת

preposition • Root אנה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

II. With; expressing fellowship or accompaniment. Properly side, support, lean upon.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Mattock, coulter of a plough, hoe, prop. anything cutting into.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Equivalent to אֵת III., of which it is merely a collateral form.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אוֹת or אֶת

sign of accusative case • Page 35

A sign of the accusative case.

אֶת

com. gen. chald. • Page 81

Equivalent to the Hebrew אוֹת (sign, miracle). Synonymous with תְּמַהּ. References: Dan. 3: 32, 33; 6: 28.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (fem.). In pause אָתְּ. Found in Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2. Also sometimes appears as a masculine form (Num. 11: 15; Ezek. 28: 14).

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (masc.). Equivalent to אַתָּה. Note: Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2.

אֵת

ii. particle • Page 81

A primitive particle and sign of the accusative case (with Makk. -אֶת; with suffixes אֹתִי, אֹתָנוּ, etc.). Often denotes the definite direct object but can appear in circumstances where other languages employ the nominative (with passive verbs, neuter verbs, or before a nominative subject). References: Gen. 17: 5; Ex. 10: 8; 1 Sam. 17: 34.

אֵת

i. m. subst. • Page 81

Ploughshare. Inflected in two ways as אֵתִים and אֵתִין. References: 1 Sam. 13: 20, 21; Is. 2: 4; Joel 4: 10 [3:10]. Its etymology is suggested to be related to the word מַחֲרֶשֶׁת.

Conjunction, Direct object eternal self

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0853:

No stats available

הים הַיָּ֗ם

the Sea

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ים

yâm

Definition

a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the Mediterranean Sea; sometimes a large river, or an artifical basin; locally, the west, or (rarely) the south

Root

from an unused root meaning to roar;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to roar; a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the Mediterranean Sea; sometimes a large river, or an artifical basin; locally, the west, or (rarely) the south; sea ([idiom] -faring man, (-shore)), south, west (-ern, side, -ward).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3220

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָם

noun / masculine • Root ימם • Strongs / High • Page 613

A heap, conflux, or collection of water; a sea. The plural form יַמִּים is also used poetically for the singular. Figuratively, it can refer to a 'sea of clouds' or great rivers such as the Nile and the Euphrates. The construct state is יַם.

יָם

noun / masculine • Root ימם • Strongs / High • Page 614

Sea, lake; specifically used for bodies of water like the Red Sea, the Jordan, the Mediterranean, and the Dead Sea. Also refers to the west, a large basin (the brazen sea), streams, and figuratively, a mass of people or an army.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָם

m. prim. • Page 284

A sea, an inland sea, or a lake. Specifically: the sea of Chinnereth (Num. 34:11), the Salt sea (Gen. 14:3), the Dead sea (Deut. 3:17), the sea of Reeds/Red sea (Ex. 15:4), and the Great sea/Mediterranean.

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: θάλασσαν θαλάσσησ θάλασσα θαλάσσῃ ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H3220:

θάλασσαν 144× (32.9%)

θαλάσσησ 126× (29.8%)

θάλασσα 39× (9.2%)

θαλάσσῃ 19× (4.2%)

'' 8× (1.9%)

θαλασσῶν 6× (1.6%)

--- 6× (1.6%)

ὕδωρ 6× (1.5%)

ἐρυθρὰν 5× (1.1%)

pεἰσ 4× (1.1%)

נתן נָתַ֞ן

he has given

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נתן

nâthan

Definition

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.); add, apply, appoint, ascribe, assign, [idiom] avenge, [idiom] be (healed), bestow, bring (forth, hither), cast, cause, charge, come, commit, consider, count, [phrase] cry, deliver (up), direct, distribute, do, [idiom] doubtless, [idiom] without fail, fasten, frame, [idiom] get, give (forth, over, up), grant, hang (up), [idiom] have, [idiom] indeed, lay (unto charge, up), (give) leave, lend, let (out), [phrase] lie, lift up, make, [phrase] O that, occupy, offer, ordain, pay, perform, place, pour, print, [idiom] pull, put (forth), recompense, render, requite, restore, send (out), set (forth), shew, shoot forth (up), [phrase] sing, [phrase] slander, strike, (sub-) mit, suffer, [idiom] surely, [idiom] take, thrust, trade, turn, utter, [phrase] weep, [phrase] willingly, [phrase] withdraw, [phrase] would (to) God, yield.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5414

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָתַן

verb • Root נתן • Strongs / High • Page 755

to give, bestow

נָתַן

verb • Root נתן • Strongs / High • Page 999

A verb with a wide range of meanings, primarily: 1. to give, to hand over, to deliver, to deal out, to perform, to permit, to sell. 2. to set, to place, to lay, to erect, to appoint, to establish. It is used in numerous idiomatic phrases such as 'to give up to one's care' (נָתַן עַל־יַד), 'to bear or bring fruit' (נָתַן פְּרִי), 'to flee' (נָתַן עֹרֶף), 'to give favour' (נָתַן חֵן), 'to stretch forth the hand' (נָתַן יָד), 'to deliver into one's power' (נָתַן בְּיַד), and 'to give up to the sword' (נָתַן לְחֶרֶב).

נָתַן

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1000

To give, put, set, lay upon, impute guilt, apply the mind, make, or treat as. In Niphal: to be given, delivered, published, set, take place, or become. In Hophal: to be given, put, poured, or suspended.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָתַן

verb • Page 463

1. To give (Prov. 13:10, Josh. 15:19). Phrases: מִי יִתֵּן 'who will give?' used as an expression of a wish (Ps. 55:7, Ex. 16:3, Deut. 28:67). 2. To lay, set, place (Gen. 1:17, 9:13, Ps. 119:110, Ezek. 26:8). 3. To make or do (Ex. 7:9, Gen. 17:4, Jer. 1:5, Is. 41:2). 4. To permit, allow, grant (Gen. 20:6, Ex. 3:19, Judg. 1:34, 15:1, 1 Sam. 18:2, Job 9:18, 2 Chr. 20:10). 5. To give forth, yield, or utter; e.g., a smell or sound (Cant. 1:12, Job 1:22, Ps. 81:3). 6. To hold or regard (1 K. 10:27, Gen. 42:30, 1 Sam. 1:16). Includes Niph. and Hoph. (to be given, placed, or made).

Verb Qal perfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ἔδωκεν δώσω δοῦναι δώσει ἔδωκαν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5414:

ἔδωκεν 299× (14.0%)

δώσω 178× (8.2%)

δοῦναι 93× (4.4%)

δώσει 88× (4.2%)

ἔδωκαν 77× (3.6%)

ἔδωκα 70× (3.3%)

δέδωκα 57× (2.9%)

'' 51× (2.2%)

δώσεισ 51× (2.4%)

παρέδωκεν 46× (2.1%)

מכתף מִכֶּתֶף

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כתף

kâthêph

Definition

the shoulder (proper, i.e. upper end of the arm; as being the spot where the garments hang); figuratively, side-piece or lateral projection of anything

Root

from an unused root meaning to clothe;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to clothe; the shoulder (proper, i.e. upper end of the arm; as being the spot where the garments hang); figuratively, side-piece or lateral projection of anything; arm, corner, shoulder(-piece), side, undersetter.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3802

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כָּתֵף

noun • Root כתף • Strongs / High • Page 750

The side of a house, of a chair; the side-district, border, projection.

כָּתֵף

noun • Strongs / High • Page 751

side-piece, shoulder; what projects or lies at the side of an entire thing, such as land, a building, or an animal. Also, flank, border, or slope of a mountain. A second meaning is the shoulder-blade, the part of the body on which a burden is carried; the back.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כָּתֵף

f. const. כְּתֵף / dec. v. c. • Page 335

1. the shoulder. (Is. 49: 22. Neh. 9: 29. Zech. 7: 11.) 2. a side of a building, the sea, or a country. (1 K. 6: 8. Num. 34: 11. Josh. 15: 8. Is. 11: 14.) 3. shoulder-pieces of the high-priest's ephod. (Ex. 28: 7, 12. 39: 4.) 4. shoulder of an axle-tree. (1 K. 7: 30, 34.)

Prep-M, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: νώτου ὤμων ὠμίασ ἐπ' ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H3802:

νώτου 18× (27.4%)

ὤμων 11× (16.0%)

ὠμίασ 7× (8.8%)

ἐπ' 3× (4.8%)

'' 3× (4.1%)

ὤμουσ 3× (4.1%)

νῶτον 2× (3.2%)

ὠμίαι 2× (3.2%)

ἐπωμίδεσ 2× (3.0%)

ὦμον 2× (2.7%)

הימנית הַיְמָנִית

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ימני

yᵉmânîy

Definition

right (i.e. at the right hand)

Root

from H3231 (ימן);

Exhaustive

from ימן; right (i.e. at the right hand); (on the) right (hand).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3233

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יְמָנִי

denom. adj. • Root ימין • Page 285

Dexter, dextra, dextrum (right-handed/on the right). Fem. יְמָנִית. Denominated from יָמִין. (Ex. 29:20, Lev. 8:23).

Particle definite article, Adjective adjective feminine singular absolute

LXX: δεξιοῦ δεξιᾶσ δεξιῶν

LXX Usage Statistics

H3233:

δεξιοῦ 14× (45.2%)

δεξιᾶσ 8× (25.8%)

δεξιῶν 5× (16.1%)

קדמה קֵדְמָה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

קדם

qedem

Definition

the front, of place (absolutely, the fore part, relatively the East) or time (antiquity); often used adverbially (before, anciently, eastward)

Root

or קדמה; from H6923 (קדם);

Exhaustive

or קדמה; from קדם; the front, of place (absolutely, the fore part, relatively the East) or time (antiquity); often used adverbially (before, anciently, eastward); aforetime, ancient (time), before, east (end, part, side, -ward), eternal, [idiom] ever(-lasting), forward, old, past. Compare קדמה.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6924

קדם

qedem

Definition

the front, of place (absolutely, the fore part, relatively the East) or time (antiquity); often used adverbially (before, anciently, eastward)

Root

or קדמה; from H6923 (קדם);

Exhaustive

or קדמה; from קדם; the front, of place (absolutely, the fore part, relatively the East) or time (antiquity); often used adverbially (before, anciently, eastward); aforetime, ancient (time), before, east (end, part, side, -ward), eternal, [idiom] ever(-lasting), forward, old, past. Compare קדמה.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6924

ה

Definition

to

Root

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9011

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קֶדֶם

noun masculine / adv. • Root קדם • Strongs / High • Page 1259

What is before; pars antica; 1. the east, or the quarter of the heavens determined by directing the face to the east. 2. The regions east of Palestine (Arabia, Mesopotamia). 3. Things of the east (sorcery). 4. Former times, the past, old time, everlasting time, eternity. (Also used adverbially: aforetime, early).

קֶדֶם

noun masculine / adv. of motion • Root קדם • Strongs / High • Page 1259

The east; towards the east, eastward (used with the 'A' of motion, קֵדְמָה).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

קֶדֶם

m. verbal • Root קדם • Page 579

1. strictly what is before or in front; as an adv. before (Ps. 139: 5). 2. the east, the east country (Job 23: 8; Gen. 2: 8; 12: 8; 3: 24). בְּנֵי קֶדֶם the sons of the east, i.e. Bedouin Arabs (Job 1: 3; Is. 11: 14; Jer. 49: 28). 3. spoken of time, former times (Ps. 44: 2; Is. 23: 7). As an adv.: (1.) aforetime (Jer. 30: 20). (2.) a long time (Ps. 55: 20).

קֶדֶם

noun masculine • Page 580

towards the east, Gen 25: 6. Ex. 27: 13.

Noun common both singular absolute, Suffix directional he

LXX: ἀνατολῶν ἀρχῆσ ἀνατολὰσ ἀπ' ἀνατολάσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6924a:

ἀνατολῶν 20× (18.8%)

ἀρχῆσ 12× (10.0%)

ἀνατολὰσ 9× (7.6%)

ἀπ' 7× (6.6%)

ἀνατολάσ 7× (6.0%)

ἀπέναντι 5× (5.1%)

κατ' 5× (5.1%)

ἀρχαίων 5× (5.1%)

ὡσ 4× (4.1%)

κεδεμ 3× (3.0%)

H6924b:

ἀνατολῶν 20× (18.8%)

ἀρχῆσ 12× (10.0%)

ἀνατολὰσ 9× (7.6%)

ἀπ' 7× (6.6%)

ἀνατολάσ 7× (6.0%)

ἀπέναντι 5× (5.1%)

κατ' 5× (5.1%)

ἀρχαίων 5× (5.1%)

ὡσ 4× (4.1%)

κεδεμ 3× (3.0%)

ממול מִמּוּל

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מול

mûwl

Definition

properly, abrupt, i.e. a precipice; by implication, the front; used only adverbially (with prepositional prefix) opposite

Root

or מול; (Deuteronomy 1:1), or מואל; (Nehemiah 12:38), or מל; (Numbers 22:5), from H4135 (מול);

Exhaustive

or מול; (Deuteronomy 1:1), or מואל; (Nehemiah 12:38), or מל; (Numbers 22:5), from מול; properly, abrupt, i.e. a precipice; by implication, the front; used only adverbially (with prepositional prefix) opposite; (over) against, before, (fore-) front, from, (God-) ward, toward, with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4136

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מוּל

verb • Root מול • Strongs / High • Page 822

To divide, to cut off, to cut away; specifically, to circumcise. Used figuratively for dedication and purification.

מוּל

preposition • Root מול • Strongs / High • Page 822

A preposition: 1. before (expressing motion and rest), in front of, close before, at, beside. 2. over against, before a thing at a certain distance.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מוּל

verb • Page 361

To circumcise (the foreskin). Gen. 21: 4, Ex. 12: 44. Metaphorically used for the heart (Deut. 10: 16, 30: 6). includes Niph. pass., Hiph. (to destroy), and Hithpal. (to be cut off, blunted).

מוֹל

preposition • Page 361

Before, coram (Ex. 18: 19); over against (Deut. 3: 29). Occurs in combinations like אֶל מוֹל (towards) or מִמּוּל (from over against). Deut. 1: 1.

Prep-M, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: πλησίον πρόσωπον ἐγγὺσ '' ἐρχομένῳ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4136:

πλησίον 7× (19.6%)

πρόσωπον 6× (11.5%)

ἐγγὺσ 3× (8.4%)

'' 3× (7.1%)

ἐρχομένῳ 2× (5.6%)

κατέναντι 2× (5.6%)

ἐναντίασ 2× (4.8%)

[d] 2× (4.8%)

μέρουσ 2× (3.9%)

נגבה נֶגְבָּה׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נגב

negeb

Definition

the south (from its drought); specifically, the Negeb or southern district of Judah, occasionally, Egypt (as south to Palestine)

Root

from an unused root meaning to be parched;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to be parched; the south (from its drought); specifically, the Negeb or southern district of Judah, occasionally, Egypt (as south to Palestine); south (country, side, -ward).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5045

ה

Definition

to

Root

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9011

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נֶגֶב

noun masculine • Root נגב • Strongs / High • Page 940

A dry, parched quarter; the south, the southern quarter, so called from its dryness and heat; the southern part of Palestine.

נֶגֶב

noun / masculine / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 941

The south, a dry country; the southern district of Palestine. By extension, it can refer to Judah or Egypt. Also used to mean south-storms. As an adverb, it means 'in the south' or 'southward'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נֶגֶב

noun masculine • Root נגב • Page 424

the south. the southern boundary (Josh. 15:4). on the south side (Num. 35:5). Hence אֶרֶץ נֶגֶב a south land (Josh. 15:19; Ps. 126:4). Particularly (1.) the southern part of Palestine (Gen. 20:1; 24:62; 13:3; Deut. 34:3). (2.) Egypt (Dan. 11:5 ff).

Noun common both singular absolute, Suffix directional he

LXX: νότον λίβα ναγεβ αἰγύπτου νότου

LXX Usage Statistics

H5045:

νότον 26× (20.0%)

λίβα 20× (14.5%)

ναγεβ 10× (7.8%)

αἰγύπτου 9× (8.3%)

νότου 6× (4.8%)

λιβόσ 6× (4.7%)

λιβὸσ 6× (4.5%)

ἔρημον 5× (3.2%)

ἀπέναντι 4× (3.7%)

pκατὰ 3× (2.8%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And he gave the sea from the right shoulder east, from over against the south.

LITV Translation:
And he placed the sea on the right side eastward, across from the south.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And he set the sea at the corner of the house on the right, as it were fronting the east.