2 Chronicles 28:22

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ובעת וּבְעֵת

and a season

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

עת

ʻêth

Definition

time, especially (adverb with preposition) now, when, etc.

Root

from H5703 (עד);

Exhaustive

from עד; time, especially (adverb with preposition) now, when, etc.; [phrase] after, (al-) ways, [idiom] certain, [phrase] continually, [phrase] evening, long, (due) season, so (long) as, (even-, evening-, noon-) tide, (meal-), what) time, when.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6256

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עֵת

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1146

Time (generally); properly, what is bounded, defined, or established. Refers to occasion, season, period (time of evening, spring, harvest, youth), suitable/right time, or future time. Grammatically common gender (masc. or fem.).

עֵת

noun • Strongs / High • Page 1147

time. Plur. עִתִּים: times = courses of time, occurrences of time, determinations of time, destiny, fate; adverse times.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בָּעַת

verb • Page 109

In Kal not used. Pi. בִּעֵת: 1. to frighten, terrify (Ps. 18:5, Job 9:34). 2. to come upon suddenly (1 Sam. 16:14, 15). Niph. to fear, be afraid (Dan. 8:17).

עֵת

com. gen. • Root ענה • Page 533

time. (Hos. 13: 13, Job 22: 16, Est. 1: 13, etc.). Plur. עִתִּים and עִתּוֹת (1.) destinies. Ps. 31: 16. (2.) times, Lat. vices. Neh. 9: 28.

Conjunction, Preposition, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: καιρῷ καιροσ καιρὸν καιρὸσ ὥραν

LXX Usage Statistics

H6256:

καιρῷ 94× (25.7%)

καιροσ 32× (11.0%)

καιρὸν 20× (6.1%)

καιρὸσ 19× (6.0%)

ὥραν 16× (4.6%)

καιροῦ 13× (4.4%)

--- 11× (4.1%)

ὡσ 9× (3.3%)

ὥρα 6× (1.7%)

'' 6× (1.9%)

הצר הָצֵר

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יצר

yâtsar

Definition

to press (intransitive), i.e. be narrow; figuratively, be in distress

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to press (intransitive), i.e. be narrow; figuratively, be in distress; be distressed, be narrow, be straitened (in straits), be vexed.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3334

צרר

tsârar

Definition

to cramp, literally or figuratively, transitive or intransitive

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to cramp, literally or figuratively, transitive or intransitive; adversary, (be in) afflict(-ion), beseige, bind (up), (be in, bring) distress, enemy, narrower, oppress, pangs, shut up, be in a strait (trouble), vex.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6887

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָצַר

verb • Root יצר • Strongs / High • Page 635

A verb with multiple meanings cataloged as separate entries. I: To be narrow, pressed together. Figuratively: to be straitened, not to be free in movement, to have no room, to be in distress, trouble, sorrow, misfortune.

יָצַר

verb • Root יצר • Strongs / High • Page 635

A verb with multiple meanings cataloged as separate entries. II: (transitive) Properly, to cut, secare. The participle יֹצֵר is most frequently used as a noun.

יָצַר

verb • Root יצר • Strongs / High • Page 636

To form, to fashion, of a carver, joiner, or potter. Figuratively, to create, of God. Metaphorically, to destine, appoint, devise, or plot.

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

צָרַר

verb • Root צרר • Strongs / High • Page 1139

(II. not used) tr. same as צָרַר II. to surround, to encircle, a place.

צָרַר

verb • Root צרר • Strongs / High • Page 1224

I. tr. 1. to collect, to bring together, colligere. 2. to enclose, to close around, to straiten, to besiege, a city or persons. 3. to be hard, thick, firm (of the hoofs of horses, fortification, persons), or to attack, to hurt, to injure.

צָרַר

verb / intr. • Root צרר • Strongs / High • Page 1251

I. 1. (Tr.) To collect, to press together, to bring together; to drive together; to bind, to shut in, to keep, to fence in, to secure, to make solitary. 2. To straiten, to enclose, hence to press upon, to compass as an enemy, generally to persecute. 3. (Intr.) To be straitened, pressed, in distress or necessity; to be narrow.

צָרַר

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1252

To press upon, to persecute, with accusat. To oppress, to distress, to besiege, to have pains (of a woman in childbirth).

צָרַר

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1252

(Not used) To be firm, hard, of rocks.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָצַר

verb • Root יצר • Page 294

To be straitened; used intransitively. Found only in the future (Prov. 4:12, Is. 49:19, Job 18:7). Also used impersonally 'it went ill with him'. Metaphorically: to be distressed (Gen. 32:8).

יָצַר

verb • Page 293

I. 1. to form, make, create. Is. 44: 10, 12. Gen. 2: 7. Part. a potter. 2. metaphorically to imagine, devise. 2 K. 19: 25.

צָרַר

verb • Page 576

I. 1. To bind up or together (in a cloth or bundle). Ex. 12: 34, Job 26: 8, Prov. 30: 4. 2. To embrace or hold fast. Hos. 4: 19. 3. To shut up. 2 Sam. 20: 3.

צָרַר

verb • Page 576

II. 1. To be hostile to, to persecute. Num. 33: 55, Is. 11: 13. Hence צֹרֵר a persecutor, an enemy. 2. To be jealous, to be a rival. Lev. 18: 18.

צָרַר

verb • Page 576

III. i. q. צוּר no. I. but used intrans. to be narrow or straitened.

Verb Hiphil infinitive construct common

LXX: θλίβομαι θλίψει ἐχθρῶν ἐπολέμησάν θλίβοντέσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3334:

θλίβομαι 3× (11.7%)

θλίψει 3× (9.9%)

H6887b:

ἐχθρῶν 4× (9.0%)

ἐπολέμησάν 2× (5.5%)

θλίβοντέσ 2× (4.7%)

לו לוֹ

to himself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ו

Definition

him, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9033

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

וְ

prefix • Root היה • Page 195

A prefix, as in וַיִּקְתֹּל (he killed). Usually called Vav conversivum futuri. It is most probably a contraction of the old form הָוָה or הָוֵי i. q. הָיָה.

וְ

conj. and prefix • Page 194

Vav copulativum. Signifies a nail, peg, hook. Used as: 1. merely connective (and, also); 2. adversative (but, yet - Gen. 17:21); 3. illative (since, wherefore - Gen. 26:27, Ruth 1:21); 4. causal (for - Gen. 20:3, Is. 39:1); 5. to express result/consequence (that - Num. 23:19).

Preposition, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

ויוסף וַיּוֹסֶף

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

יסף

yâçaph

Definition

to add or augment (often adverbial, to continue to do a thing)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to add or augment (often adverbial, to continue to do a thing); add, [idiom] again, [idiom] any more, [idiom] cease, [idiom] come more, [phrase] conceive again, continue, exceed, [idiom] further, [idiom] gather together, get more, give more-over, [idiom] henceforth, increase (more and more), join, [idiom] longer (bring, do, make, much, put), [idiom] (the, much, yet) more (and more), proceed (further), prolong, put, be (strong-) er, [idiom] yet, yield.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3254

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָסַף

verb • Root יסף • Strongs / High • Page 620

To add, increase, or do something again. Used as an auxiliary verb, it means 'again', 'more', 'further'. Primary meanings include: to add to, bring together, increase, give abundantly, exceed, enhance, multiply, augment, and to become richer.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָסַף

verb • Page 287

(Entry continued on next page) In Kal and Hiphil, future יוֹסִיף.

יָסַף

verb • Root יסף • Page 288

1. to add; construed with an accusative and עַל (Lev. 5: 16) or אֶל (2 Sam. 24: 3). 2. to increase, enlarge (Ps. 71: 14, Ezek. 23: 14). 3. it expresses the repetition or continuance of an action, rendered as 'again', 'further', or 'more' (Gen. 4: 2, 37: 5). Includes Niph. נּוֹסַף 'to be added' (Ex. 1: 10) and Hoph. הוּסַף 'to be added' (Dan. 4: 33).

יָסַף

chald. v. • Root יסף • Page 288

Chaldee; same as the Hebrew word (idem) meaning to add or increase.

conjunctive, Verb Hiphil sequential imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: προσέθετο προσθήσει προσθήσω προσθείη προσέθεντο

LXX Usage Statistics

H3254:

προσέθετο 26× (11.0%)

προσθήσει 26× (12.0%)

προσθήσω 21× (9.7%)

προσθείη 16× (7.5%)

προσέθεντο 14× (6.0%)

προσέθηκεν 7× (3.0%)

προστεθήσεται 7× (3.2%)

προσθεῖναι 5× (2.3%)

προσθῇσ 5× (2.4%)

προσθήσεσθε 5× (2.4%)

למעול לִמְעוֹל

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מעל

mâʻal

Definition

properly, to cover up; used only figuratively, to act covertly, i.e. treacherously

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to cover up; used only figuratively, to act covertly, i.e. treacherously; transgress, (commit, do a) trespass(-ing).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4603

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מָעַל

verb • Root מעל • Strongs / High • Page 885

1. (not used) to cover, to veil, spoken of a wide upper garment. 2. Metaphorically: to act covertly, secretly, faithlessly, deceitfully; hence to sin, to take by stealth, to steal, to trespass.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מָעַל

verb • Page 393

To sin, transgress, deal faithlessly. Used in Prov. 16:10, 2 Chr. 26:18, Neh. 1:8. Often joined with ביהוה to transgress against Jehovah (Deut. 32:51, 1 Chr. 5:25).

Preposition, Verb Qal infinitive construct common

LXX: ἀπέστησαν ἐπλημμέλησαν ἠθέτησαν παρίδῃ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4603:

ἀπέστησαν 2× (6.3%)

ἐπλημμέλησαν 2× (5.8%)

ἠθέτησαν 2× (5.8%)

παρίδῃ 2× (5.3%)

ביהוה בַּיהוָה

within He Is

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

יהוה

Yᵉhôvâh

Definition

Jehovah, Jewish national name of God

Root

from H1961 (היה); (the) self-Existent or Eternal;

Exhaustive

from היה; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of God; Jehovah, the Lord. Compare יה, יהוה.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3068

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יְהֹוָה

noun masculine • Root יהה • Strongs / High • Page 590

A pre-Mosaic old Semitic name of the supreme God, which was specially revealed for the older אֵל at the establishment of the Mosaic religion, as an abstract of all divine greatness and holiness.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יְהֹוָה

proper name • Page 275

The proper name of the deity among the ancient Hebrews. Interpreted as 'the eternal, unchangeable, true' or 'he who is as he shall be.' The text discusses various ancient pronunciations (IAΩ, IABE, IETΩ) and its derivation from the future of הָיָה.

Preposition, Noun proper name

LXX: κύριοσ κυρίου κυρίῳ κύριον κύριε

LXX Usage Statistics

H3068:

κύριοσ 2605× (41.8%)

κυρίου 1742× (27.8%)

κυρίῳ 598× (8.8%)

κύριον 473× (7.1%)

κύριε 336× (5.4%)

--- 129× (2.1%)

'' 95× (1.3%)

θεὸσ 76× (1.0%)

θεοῦ 69× (0.9%)

θεῷ 28× (0.4%)

הוא הוּא

Himself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

הוא

hûwʼ

Definition

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally (instead of copula) as or are

Root

of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is היא; a primitive word, the third person pronoun singular;

Exhaustive

of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is היא; a primitive word, the third person pronoun singular; he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally (instead of copula) as or are; he, as for her, him(-self), it, the same, she (herself), such, that (...it), these, they, this, those, which (is), who.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1931

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הוּא

personal pronoun • Root הו • Strongs / High • Page 392

Personal pronoun, 3rd person singular masculine: he, it. It can also be used for emphasis (he himself), as a demonstrative (this, that), to indicate self, or to strengthen other pronouns (I myself, thou thyself).

הוּא

pronoun • Strongs / High • Page 393

Personal pronoun, 3rd person singular masculine: he, it. Can also mean 'the same', 'himself'. It is also used as a designation for God, and can include the verb 'to be'.

הוּא

aramaic personal pronoun (aramaic) • Strongs / High • Page 393

Aramaic personal pronoun of the 3rd person, he.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הוּא

chald. • Page 178

idem. behold, as for as simply. So in Syr. Dan. 2:43.

הוּא

pronoun • Page 182

1. he, and as a neuter it. In the Pentateuch, used for both genders. 2. self, same, selfsame. Is. 7:14, Ps. 44:5. 3. serves as the substantive verb 'to be' (copula). Is. 43:25. Also used as 'thou (art) the same' in 2 Sam. 7:28.

הוּא

chald. pron. • Page 182

idem (the same). Dan. 2:21.

הוּא

chald. • Page 182

see הֲוָה.

הוּא

unknown • Page 217

see הָוָה.

Pronoun personal third person masculine singular

LXX: αὐτὸσ ἐστιν ἐκείνῃ οὗτοσ ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H1931:

αὐτὸσ 321× (16.5%)

ἐστιν 260× (13.7%)

ἐκείνῃ 197× (10.6%)

οὗτοσ 160× (8.4%)

--- 103× (5.6%)

ἐκείνῳ 67× (3.6%)

ἐστίν 54× (2.9%)

ἐστὶν 54× (2.7%)

'' 50× (2.3%)

τοῦτο 42× (2.2%)

המלך הַמֶּלֶךְ

the King

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מלך

melek

Definition

a king

Root

from H4427 (מלך);

Exhaustive

from מלך; a king; king, royal.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4428

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מֶלֶךְ

masculine noun • Root מלך • Strongs / High • Page 859

A king, ruler; properly an abstract concept of rule or government, but commonly used concretely. It can refer to a king of a land, city, people, or tribe. The term is also applied to Jehovah, idols, and animals distinguished for strength. It can also mean an adviser or counsellor, and is used as a proper name.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מֶלֶךְ

noun masculine • Page 380

a king. Ezek. 26: 7. 'the king of kings,' a title of the king of Babylon. Spoken frequently of Jehovah, Ps. 5: 3, and of false gods, Am. 5: 26.

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: βασιλεὺσ βασιλέωσ βασιλέα βασιλεῖ βασιλεῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4428:

βασιλεὺσ 631× (23.4%)

βασιλέωσ 546× (20.5%)

βασιλέα 419× (15.7%)

βασιλεῖ 196× (7.1%)

βασιλεῖσ 133× (4.9%)

βασιλεύσ 100× (3.5%)

--- 77× (3.2%)

'' 66× (2.3%)

βασιλέων 63× (2.4%)

βασιλεῦσιν 46× (1.6%)

אחז אָחָז׃

He Grasped

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אחז

ʼÂchâz

Definition

Achaz, the name of a Jewish king and of an Israelite

Root

from H270 (אחז); possessor;

Exhaustive

from אחז; possessor; Achaz, the name of a Jewish king and of an Israelite; Ahaz.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H271

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָחָז

noun proper • Root אחז • Strongs_Numbers • Page 99

grasper, holder; proper name

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָחָז

m. proper name • Page 39

A king of Judah, contemporary with Isaiah, Hosea, and Micah; an idolater (2 K. 16:1 ff., 2 Chr. 28:16 ff., Is. 7:1 ff., 38:8).

Noun proper name masculine

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0271:

No stats available

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And in the time of straits to him and he will add to transgress against Jehovah: this the king Ahaz.

LITV Translation:
And in the time of his distress he added to act slyly against Jehovah, this king Ahaz;

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
but only troubled him in his affliction: and he departed yet more from the Lord, and King Ahaz said,