2 Chronicles 26:14

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ויכן וַיָּכֶן

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כון

kûwn

Definition

properly, to be erect (i.e. stand perpendicular); hence (causatively) to set up, in a great variety of applications, whether literal (establish, fix, prepare, apply), or figurative (appoint, render sure, proper or prosperous)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to be erect (i.e. stand perpendicular); hence (causatively) to set up, in a great variety of applications, whether literal (establish, fix, prepare, apply), or figurative (appoint, render sure, proper or prosperous); certain(-ty), confirm, direct, faithfulness, fashion, fasten, firm, be fitted, be fixed, frame, be meet, ordain, order, perfect, (make) preparation, prepare (self), provide, make provision, (be, make) ready, right, set (aright, fast, forth), be stable, (e-) stablish, stand, tarry, [idiom] very deed.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3559

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כּוּן

verb • Root כון • Strongs / High • Page 683

Properly, to stand, stand upright, stand firm; therefore to be, to exist. Transitive: to prepare, to create.

כּוּן

verb • Root כון • Strongs / High • Page 684

To be certainly; to be ready, determined; to be conducted, managed; to prepare oneself.

כּוּן

verb • Root כון • Strongs / High • Page 684

(not used) properly, to make firm, to ground, cognate in sense to שָׁפַת; metaphorically, to spread out, to make broad, flat, of a cake.

כּוּן

verb • Root כון • Strongs / High • Page 684

(not used) to set up, erect, a pillar.

כּוּן

noun • Root כון • Strongs / High • Page 684

(properly, establishing, founding of the...)

כּוּן

noun proper • Root כון • Strongs / High • Page 685

A proper noun for a city in Aram-Zobah, along with טִבְחַת or בֶּטַח, lying on the high road toward the Euphrates. The entry discusses its possible identification with Conna or Berothai and its etymological connection to Saturn worship or the concept of 'foundation', 'firmness', or 'continuance'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כּוּן

verb • Page 311

Literally to stand up; not used in Kal. In Pilel כּוֹנֵן: 1. to raise up, erect; 2. to found; 3. to direct (e.g., an arrow); 4. to prepare, form, make. In Pulal כּוֹנָן: to be prepared, to be established. In Hithpalel הִתְכּוֹנֵן: 1. to be founded, established; 2. to make one's self ready. In Hiph. הֵכִין: 1. to raise up, erect, place; 2. to appoint to an office; 3. to found; 4. to direct (heart or arrow); 5. to prepare. In Niph.: to be placed upright, to stand firm; metaphorically to be becoming, right, suitable.

כּוּן

proper noun • Page 312

A Phenician city, which in the parallel passage 2 Sam. 8:9, is called בֵּרוֹתַי Berytus. Mentioned in 1 Chr. 18:8.

conjunctive, Verb Hiphil sequential imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ἡτοίμασεν ἡτοίμασαν '' ἕτοιμοσ ἑτοιμάσαι

LXX Usage Statistics

H3559a:

ἡτοίμασεν 19× (8.6%)

ἡτοίμασαν 11× (5.0%)

'' 6× (2.4%)

ἕτοιμοσ 5× (2.4%)

ἑτοιμάσαι 5× (2.2%)

ἡτοιμάσθη 5× (1.9%)

ἡτοίμασασ 4× (1.8%)

ἡτοίμασα 4× (1.8%)

--- 4× (1.9%)

ἑτοίμη 4× (1.9%)

להם לָהֶם

to themselves

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

הם

Definition

them, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9038

Preposition, Suffix pronominal third person masculine plural

עזיהו עֻזִּיָּ֜הוּ

Powerful of Himself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עזיה

ʻUzzîyâh

Definition

Uzzijah, the name of five Israelites

Root

or עזיהו; from H5797 (עז) and H3050 (יה); strength of Jah;

Exhaustive

or עזיהו; from עז and יה; strength of Jah; Uzzijah, the name of five Israelites; Uzziah.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5818

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עֲזִיָּה

noun proper masculine • Consonantal / Low • Page 1075

(same as עֻזִּיָּה) Proper name masculine.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עֻזִּיָּה

proper name • Root עזז • Page 501

"strength of Jehovah", proper name of a king of Judah. 2 K. 15:13, 30, 32, 34. Is. 1:1. 6:1. 7:1. Hos. 1:1. Am. 1:1. Also written as עֻזִּיָּהוּ.

Noun proper name masculine

LXX: οζιασ οζιου οζια οζιαν αζαριου

LXX Usage Statistics

H5818:

οζιασ 9× (35.4%)

οζιου 6× (23.6%)

οζια 4× (14.0%)

οζιαν 3× (11.2%)

αζαριου 2× (7.9%)

לכל לְכָל־

to all

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כל

kôl

Definition

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

Root

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from H3634 (כלל);

Exhaustive

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from כלל; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense); (in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3605

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כֹּל

noun / masculine • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 695

Properly 'all, whole, totality'. 1. Used adjectivally to mean 'all' or 'the whole of', as in 'all the earth'. 2. Describes a plurality of individual persons or things, translated as 'all'.

כֹּל

substantive / adverb • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 696

A substantive meaning all, the whole, every, any. When used with a negative, it means none at all. It can also function as an adverb meaning wholly or altogether.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כֹּל

chald. • Page 316

Same as Hebrew (all, every). Often appears with Makkeph as -כֹּל. References: Dan. 2:40, 4:9, 18, 25.

כֹּל

m. verbal • Root כלל • Page 315

A substantive meaning 'all', 'the whole', or 'totality'. Frequently used as an adjective (Jer. 33:8). 1. all. 2. every one.

Preposition, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: πάντα πᾶσ πάντεσ πᾶν πάντασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3605:

πάντα 921× (17.0%)

πᾶσ 451× (8.4%)

πάντεσ 441× (8.4%)

πᾶν 351× (6.5%)

πάντασ 297× (5.6%)

πᾶσαν 267× (4.9%)

πάντων 242× (4.4%)

πάσασ 230× (4.4%)

--- 227× (4.5%)

πᾶσα 214× (4.0%)

הצבא הַצָּבָ֗א

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

צבא

tsâbâʼ

Definition

a mass of persons (or figuratively, things), especially reg. organized forwar (an army); by implication, a campaign, literally or figuratively (specifically, hardship, worship)

Root

or (feminine) צבאה; from H6633 (צבא);

Exhaustive

or (feminine) צבאה; from צבא; a mass of persons (or figuratively, things), especially reg. organized forwar (an army); by implication, a campaign, literally or figuratively (specifically, hardship, worship); appointed time, ([phrase]) army, ([phrase]) battle, company, host, service, soldiers, waiting upon, war(-fare).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6635

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

צָבָא

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1211

I. To join together, to be assembled, to flock together, to be united, into a crowd, for the purpose of service. Metaphorically: to fight (in troops), to do military service. Hifil: to muster, to levy for military service.

צָבָא

verb • Root צבה • Strongs / High • Page 1211

II. (Not used) same as צָבָה II.; related to Arabic صَبَا (to flash up, of the sun).

צָבָא

noun / f • Strongs / High • Page 1211

Assembly, multitude, the mass, appurtenance of, what belongs to (heaven). 1. An army, host, warriors. 2. Figuratively: the host of heaven (angels or stars). 3. Military service, warfare, hard service, calamity, campaign, temple-service, worship.

צָבָא

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1212

I. 1. To flock together, to draw together in troops, in order to war. 2. Metaphor. to heap up, to grow, of a mass; hence to swell, intumescere.

צָבָא

noun masculine • Root צבא • Strongs / High • Page 1212

Army, march, of enemies.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

צָבָא

verb • Root צבא • Page 561

1. To go forth or march out to war; to carry on war (Num. 31:42, Is. 31:4). 2. To go forth to the service of the temple, a kind of 'militia sacra' (Num. 4:23, 8:24, 1 Sam. 2:22). Hiphil: to lead out to war (2 K. 25:19, Jer. 52:25).

צָבָא

noun masculine • Root צבא • Page 561

1. A host, particularly a military host, an army. שַׂר הַצָּבָא 'the general of the host' (Gen. 21:22). 2. צְבָא הַשָּׁמַיִם 'the host of heaven,' referring to angels (1 K. 22:19) or stars (Deut. 4:19). צְבָא הַמָּרוֹם 'the powers on high' (Is. 24:21). Frequent in the title יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת 'Lord of Hosts'. 3. Warfare, hard service, affliction (Job 7:1, 10:17, 14:14, Is. 40:2, Dan. 10:1).

צָבָא

verb • Page 562

I. To go forth to war, to carry on war. Is. 29:7.

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: παντοκράτωρ σαβαωθ δυνάμει --- δυνάμεωσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6635a:

παντοκράτωρ 91× (21.7%)

σαβαωθ 47× (11.4%)

δυνάμει 40× (7.9%)

--- 37× (9.0%)

δυνάμεωσ 34× (6.9%)

δυνάμεων 25× (5.1%)

'' 18× (3.7%)

δύναμισ 16× (3.8%)

παντοκράτοροσ 14× (3.4%)

pἐν 13× (3.1%)

מגנים מָגִנִּים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מגן

mâgên

Definition

a shield (i.e. the small one or buckler); figuratively, a protector; also the scaly hide of the crocodile

Root

also (in plural) feminine מגנה; from H1598 (גנן);

Exhaustive

also (in plural) feminine מגנה; from גנן; a shield (i.e. the small one or buckler); figuratively, a protector; also the scaly hide of the crocodile; [idiom] armed, buckler, defence, ruler, [phrase] scale, shield.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4043

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מָגֵן

noun masculine • Root גנן • Strongs / High • Page 808

What protects or screens round about. 1. a shield, a part of armour. 2. the arched scales of the crocodile. 3. Figuratively, a protector.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מָגֵן

noun masculine • Root גנן • Page 354

a shield (Judg. 5:8, 1 K. 10:16, 17); used metaphorically for God (Gen. 15:1, Ps. 3:4) or princes/protectors of the land (Ps. 47:10).

Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: ὑπερασπιστήσ ὅπλα θυρεοὺσ ὑπερασπιστὴσ ὑπερασπιεῖ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4043:

ὑπερασπιστήσ 7× (11.8%)

ὅπλα 5× (8.8%)

θυρεοὺσ 4× (6.3%)

ὑπερασπιστὴσ 4× (6.0%)

ὑπερασπιεῖ 2× (3.5%)

ἀσπίδασ 2× (3.5%)

θυρεὸσ 2× (3.5%)

ὑπερασπισμὸν 2× (3.5%)

πελτασταὶ 2× (3.3%)

ὅπλον 2× (3.3%)

ורמחים וּרְמָחִים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

רמח

rômach

Definition

a lance (as thrown); especially the iron point

Root

from an unused root meaning to hurl;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to hurl; a lance (as thrown); especially the iron point; buckler, javelin, lancet, spear.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7420

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רֶמַח

noun masculine • Root רמח • Consonantal / Low • Page 1341

A lance, a spear, belonging to the heavy-armed; used especially of the point.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

רָמַח

verb • Root רמה • Consonantal / Low • Page 1341

(Not used) tr. to pierce, to penetrate, to beat, to strike.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רֹ֫מַח

noun masculine • Page 621

a spear, javelin, (as a part of heavy armour.) Num. 25: 7. Judg. 5: 8. Jer. 46: 4.

Conjunction, Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: δόρατα λόγχασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7420:

δόρατα 5× (31.8%)

λόγχασ 2× (13.9%)

וכובעים וְכוֹבָעִים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כובע

kôwbaʻ

Definition

a helmet (as arched)

Root

from an unused root meaning to be high or rounded;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to be high or rounded; a helmet (as arched); helmet. Compare קובע.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3553

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כּוֹבַע

noun • Root קבע • Strongs / High • Page 681

m. a helmet, of the warrior, same as קוֹבַע. So called from its round, projecting form.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כּוֹבַע

m. dec. ii. c. • Page 310

Helmet, usually of metal among the Hebrews. (1 Sam. 17:5; Ezek. 27:10; 38:5). Elsewhere written קוֹבַע.

Conjunction, Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: περικεφαλαίασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3553:

περικεφαλαίασ 2× (33.3%)

ושרינות וְשִׁרְיֹנוֹת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שריון

shiryôwn

Definition

a corslet (as if twisted)

Root

or שרין; and שרין; also (feminine) שריה; and שרינה; from H8281 (שרה) in the original sense of turning;

Exhaustive

or שרין; and שרין; also (feminine) שריה; and שרינה; from שרה in the original sense of turning; a corslet (as if twisted); breastplate, coat of mail, habergeon, harness. See סרין.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8302

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שִׁרְיוֹן

noun masculine • Root שרה • Strongs / High • Page 1484

Same as שִׁרְיָן (likely referring to armor or coat of mail).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שִׁרְיוֹן

noun masculine • Page 700

1. A coat of mail, habergeon. Ref: 1 Sam. 17:5, 38; Neh. 4:10; 2 Chr. 26:14. 2. The name of mount Hermon among the Sidonians. Ref: Deut. 3:9.

Conjunction, Noun common feminine plural absolute

LXX: θώρακοσ θώρακα

LXX Usage Statistics

H8302b:

θώρακοσ 3× (27.3%)

θώρακα 3× (27.3%)

וקשתות וּקְשָׁתוֹת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

קשת

qesheth

Definition

a bow, forshooting (hence, figuratively, strength) or the iris

Root

from H7185 (קשה) in the original sense (of H6983 (קוש)) of bending;

Exhaustive

from קשה in the original sense (of קוש) of bending; a bow, forshooting (hence, figuratively, strength) or the iris; [idiom] arch(-er), [phrase] arrow, bow(-man, -shot).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7198

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קֶשֶׁת

noun / feminine • Root קשה • Strongs / High • Page 1306

A bow (pl. קְשָׁתוֹת); the same as the noun קֶשֶׁת.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

קֶשֶׁת

com. gen. • Page 600

1. a bow, to shoot with. Gen. 48:22. Ps. 18:35. 2. as a collect. archers. Is. 21:17. 2. a rain-bow. Gen. 9:13 ff. 3. the song of the bow, the title of the elegy on Saul and Jonathan. 2 Sam. 1:18.

קַשָּׁת

m. denom. • Root קשת • Page 600

an archer. Gen. 21:20.

Conjunction, Noun common feminine plural absolute

LXX: τόξον τόξα τόξῳ τόξοισ τόξου

LXX Usage Statistics

H7198:

τόξον 42× (54.6%)

τόξα 7× (7.9%)

τόξῳ 6× (6.3%)

τόξοισ 4× (4.8%)

τόξου 3× (4.2%)

τοξόται 3× (4.0%)

--- 2× (2.8%)

ὡσ 2× (2.8%)

τοξευμάτων 2× (2.4%)

ולאבני וּלְאַבְנֵי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אבן

ʼeben

Definition

a stone

Root

from the root of H1129 (בנה) through the meaning to build;

Exhaustive

from the root of בנה through the meaning to build; a stone; [phrase] carbuncle, [phrase] mason, [phrase] plummet, (chalk-, hail-, head-, sling-) stone(-ny), (divers) weight(-s).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H68

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֶבֶן

noun feminine • Root אבן • Strongs_Numbers • Page 54

A rock, a stone; often as material: smooth stones, precious stones, ore.

אֶבֶן

noun feminine • Root אבן • Strongs_Numbers • Page 55

A stone. (Definite form: אַבְנָא). Used in Daniel 2:34, 45. Also 'a burdensome stone' (Ezra 5:8, 6:4), referring to heavy large stones.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶבֶן

noun feminine • Page 22

1. stone (Gen. 31: 46; Job 28: 2). 2. by way of eminence, a precious stone (1 K. 10: 2, 11). 3. rock, fortress, in a metaphorical sense (Gen. 49: 24). 4. a weight (Zech. 5: 8; Is. 34: 11). 5. אֶבֶן הָעֵזֶר (stone of help) proper name of a stone placed by Samuel (1 Sam. 4: 1). 6. אֶבֶן הָאָזֶל (stone of departure) proper name (1 Sam. 20: 19).

Conjunction, Preposition, Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0068:

No stats available

קלעים קְלָעִים׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

קלע

qelaʻ

Definition

a sling; also a (door) screen (as if slung across), or the valve (of the door) itself

Root

from H7049 (קלע);

Exhaustive

from קלע; a sling; also a (door) screen (as if slung across), or the valve (of the door) itself; hanging, leaf, sling.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7050

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קֶלַע

noun masculine • Root קלע • Strongs / High • Page 1281

1. A sling; sling-stones; the dish or hollow of a sling. 2. A covering, cloth, hanging, curtain, of the tabernacle. 3. (pl. קְלָעִים) A collateral form of צְלָעִים, with the same meaning.

קֶלַע

m. noun • Strongs / High • Page 1281

1. A sling. 2. A covering, cloth, hanging, curtain of the tabernacle. 3. (pl. קְלָעִים) A collateral form of צְלָעִים (structural element/plank).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

קֶלַע

m. verbal • Root קלע • Page 588

1. a sling (1 Sam. 17:40). 2. a curtain, hanging (Ex. 27:9 ff.; 35:17; Num. 3:26). 3. Prob. a corrupted reading for צְלָעִים in 1 K. 6:34.

Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: ἱστία αὐλαῖαι σφενδόνησ ἱστίων

LXX Usage Statistics

H7050a:

ἱστία 9× (38.4%)

αὐλαῖαι 3× (14.0%)

σφενδόνησ 2× (9.1%)

ἱστίων 2× (8.4%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And Uzziah will prepare for them for all the army shields and spears, and helmets, and coats of mail, and bows, and for stones of slings.

LITV Translation:
And Uzziah prepared for them, for all the army, shields and spears and helmets, and breastplates, and bows, even to stones for the slings.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And Uzziah prepared for them, even for all the host, shields, and spears, and helmets, and breastplates, and bows, and slings for stones.