2 Chronicles 25:12

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ועשרת וַעֲשֶׂרֶת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

עשר

ʻeser

Definition

ten (as an accumulation to the extent of the digits)

Root

masculine of term עשרה; from H6237 (עשר);

Exhaustive

masculine of term עשרה; from עשר; ten (as an accumulation to the extent of the digits); ten, (fif-, seven-) teen.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6235

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עֲשָׂרָה

fem. prop. collect. • Root עשר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1143

(from עֶשֶׂר; without a constr. state) fem. prop. collect. union, association, hence multitude, heap, multiplicity; but only as a card. number fem. ten.

Matched via consonantal key only

עֲשָׂרָה

numeral • Root עשר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1144

Ten (feminine form, for עֶשֶׂר). Joined only to feminine numbers from 1 to 9, to make up 11 to 19.

Matched via consonantal key only

עֶשְׂרָה

numeral (aramaic) • Root עשר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1144

Aramaic feminine numeral, same as Hebrew עֶשֶׂר.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עֲשָׂרָה

noun • Page 531

Cross-reference: see עֶשֶׂר

עָשְׂרָה

noun • Page 531

Cross-reference: see עֶשֶׂר

Conjunction, Noun common feminine singular construct

LXX: δέκα '' ἑκατὸν ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H6235:

δέκα 146× (77.4%)

'' 6× (2.8%)

ἑκατὸν 5× (2.8%)

--- 4× (2.2%)

δέκα 4× (2.2%)

εἴκοσι 3× (1.7%)

δεκαδάρχουσ 3× (1.4%)

δώδεκα 2× (1.1%)

δώδεκα 2× (1.1%)

ὡσεὶ 2× (1.1%)

אלפים אֲלָפִ֜ים

thousands

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אלף

ʼeleph

Definition

hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousand

Root

prop, the same as H504 (אלף);

Exhaustive

prop, the same as אלף; hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousand; thousand.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H505

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֶלֶף

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 143

Oxen, heifers, cattle for the yoke; tame house-animals; the name of the first letter of the alphabet.

אֶלֶף

numeral / noun masculine • Root אלף • Strongs_Numbers • Page 144

As a numeral, a thousand; properly the union of many individuals, a mass; then fixed to a definite number.

אֶלֶף

noun masculine • Root אלף • Strongs_Numbers • Page 144

Properly a union of family members, therefore association of the members of a family or tribe, larger communities into which every race was divided; a smaller division of a tribe or race.

אֶלֶף

noun proper • Root אלף • Strongs_Numbers • Page 144

A city in Benjamin's territory (Josh. 18, 28).

אֶלֶף

unknown • Strongs_Numbers • Page 145

see אַלּוּף

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶלֶף

masc. epicene / dec. vi. b. • Root אלף • Page 54

I. ox, animal of the ox kind. Deut. 7: 13. 28: 4. Ps. 8: 8. Perhaps denoting literally tame cattle.

אֶלֶף

m. prim. dec. vi. b. • Page 54

II. 1. thousand. Dual אַלְפַּיִם. Plur. אֲלָפִים. 2. family, subdivision of a tribe, originally of a thousand, i. q. מִשְׁפָּחָה. Judg. 6: 15. 1 Sam. 10: 19. 23: 23.

Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0505:

No stats available

חיים חַיִּ֗ים

living ones

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חי

chay

Definition

alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or living thing), whether literally or figuratively

Root

from H2421 (חיה);

Exhaustive

from חיה; alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or living thing), whether literally or figuratively; [phrase] age, alive, appetite, (wild) beast, company, congregation, life(-time), live(-ly), living (creature, thing), maintenance, [phrase] merry, multitude, [phrase] (be) old, quick, raw, running, springing, troop.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2416

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חַי

noun masculine • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 477

I. (abridged from חָיָה) 1. abstract: the power of life, life, vital energy; health as a salutation. 2. concrete: a living one, living thing, remaining, enduring. 3. thorn-bush, thorn-copse. 4. race, tribe, people, family.

חַי

adjective • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 477

II. (properly a participle of חָיָה) 1. living. 2. living again, reviving, becoming young again.

חַי

substantive • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 478

As a substantive: a living person or thing; living, i.e. living men; the earth inhabited by men.

חַי

aramaic adj. and subst. m. (aramaic) • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 478

Aramaic adjective and substantive for 'living'.

חַי

noun / masculine • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 478

An abridged form from חַיָּה; life, state, existence.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חַי

adjective • Root חיה • Page 224

1. as an adj. living, lively. Gen. 3: 20. 2. fresh, flowing, spoken of water. Gen. 26: 19. 3. raw, fresh, spoken of flesh. 1 Sam. 2: 15. 4. reviving, living again. Gen. 18: 10. 5. as a subst. life. Lev. 25: 36. Often used in formulas of swearing (e.g., as Jehovah liveth).

Adjective adjective masculine plural absolute

LXX: ζωῆσ ζῇ θηρία ζῶ ζῶν

LXX Usage Statistics

H2416a:

ζωῆσ 82× (15.7%)

ζῇ 65× (13.1%)

θηρία 44× (7.8%)

ζῶ 23× (4.7%)

ζῶν 21× (3.9%)

'' 21× (3.7%)

ζῶντα 17× (3.4%)

θηρίοισ 17× (2.8%)

ζωὴν 15× (2.6%)

ζώντων 12× (2.3%)

שבו שָׁבוּ

they have turned back around

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שבה

shâbâh

Definition

to transport into captivity

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to transport into captivity; (bring away, carry, carry away, lead, lead away, take) captive(-s), drive (take) away.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7617

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁבָה

verb • Root שבה • Strongs / High • Page 1370

II. Verb entry listing various participles and plural forms (part. שָׁבָה, plur. שֹׁבִים, part. pass. plur. שְׁבוּחִים).

שָׁבָה

verb transitive • Strongs / High • Page 1371

To drag away, to lead away, to drive away, to carry off, to carry away captive, to take captive, to lead away the captives. (Nif. נִשְׁבָּה: to be carried off captive, to be held captive, to be driven away).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שָׁבָה

verb • Page 650

to take prisoner, to carry away captive. Gen. 34: 29; 1 K. 8: 48; Gen. 31: 26. Niph. pass. of Kal. Gen. 14: 14; Ex. 22: 9. Deriv. שְׁבִית, שִׁבְיָה, שְׁבִי, שְׁבוּת.

Verb Qal perfect third person common plural

LXX: αὐτούσ αὐτοὺσ ᾐχμαλώτευσαν αἰχμαλωτεύσαντεσ ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H7617:

αὐτούσ 4× (5.8%)

αὐτοὺσ 4× (5.5%)

ᾐχμαλώτευσαν 3× (5.3%)

αἰχμαλωτεύσαντεσ 3× (5.0%)

'' 3× (5.0%)

ᾐχμαλώτευσασ 2× (3.9%)

αἰχμαλωτευόντων 2× (3.9%)

μετήχθησαν 2× (3.9%)

ᾐχμαλωτεύθησαν 2× (3.9%)

αἰχμαλωτισάντων 2× (3.3%)

בני בְּנֵי

sons/my son

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בן

bên

Definition

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)

Root

from H1129 (בנה);

Exhaustive

from בנה; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.); [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1121

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בֵּן

masc. noun • Root בין • Strongs / High • Page 253

1. A child, begotten, born, often without distinction of sex (frequently pluralized as children). 2. Specifically, a son, a male child (opposite daughter). 3. Used metaphorically to denote personal characteristics (virtuous or vicious personality, heir of virtue/vice) or objects (e.g., young animals, plants, or inanimate objects). 4. A grandson; also used as boy, youth, prince, heir to the throne.

Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX: υἱοὶ υἱὸσ υἱῶν υἱοῦ υἱοῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1121a:

υἱοὶ 1075× (22.0%)

υἱὸσ 753× (16.8%)

υἱῶν 607× (12.2%)

υἱοῦ 368× (8.1%)

υἱοῖσ 329× (6.1%)

υἱοὺσ 292× (5.7%)

υἱὸν 213× (4.6%)

--- 116× (2.6%)

υἱὲ 96× (2.2%)

'' 84× (1.6%)

יהודה יְהוּדָה

Caster

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יהודה

Yᵉhûwdâh

Definition

Jehudah (or Judah), the name of five Israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory

Root

from H3034 (ידה); celebrated;

Exhaustive

from ידה; celebrated; Jehudah (or Judah), the name of five Israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory; Judah.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3063

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יְהוּדָה

noun proper masculine • Root ידה • Strongs / High • Page 589

Proper name of the fourth son of Leah and Jacob. Also the name of one of the twelve tribes, the district allotted to that tribe, the subsequent kingdom of Judah, and in the post-exile period, the whole Jewish land.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יְהוּדָה

proper name • Root ידה • Page 271

Proper name; Judah. Derived from יָדָה.

יְהוּדָה

noun • Page 274

1. Fourth son of Jacob and the tribe descended from him. 2. The kingdom and people of Judah after the division of the kingdom. Refers to the territory and the people. Josh. xv, Is. 3:8.

Noun proper name

LXX: ιουδα ιουδαν ιουδασ '' ιουδαίασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3063:

ιουδα 582× (74.3%)

ιουδαν 59× (7.0%)

ιουδασ 57× (7.3%)

'' 31× (3.5%)

ιουδαίασ 23× (2.5%)

--- 15× (2.0%)

ιουδαίᾳ 10× (1.0%)

ιουδαία 6× (0.6%)

ιουδαίαν 3× (0.3%)

pἐν 2× (0.3%)

ויביאום וַיְבִיאוּם

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

בוא

bôwʼ

Definition

to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H935

הם

Definition

them, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9038

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בּוֹא

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 224

1. To go, to wander; usually with announcing the limit of one's going. 2. To arrive, to come at (distinguished from הָלַךְ in expressing the limit of going). In this sense metaphorically: a) to be born, to appear; b) to reach to one, to be equal to him; c) to reach inanimate things; d) to come upon, to fall upon (suddenly), e.g., of an enemy or calamity; e) to come to pass, to be fulfilled (of wishes, promises); f) of inanimate things, to come near; g) applied to time; h) with the preposition בְּ, to come with somewhat, i.e., to bring.

בּוֹא

verb • Root בוא • Strongs_Numbers • Page 225

To go in, to enter, to come; to arrive; to go down (of the sun).

בּוֹא

verb • Root בוא • Strongs_Numbers • Page 755

to come to

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בּוֹא

verb • Page 88

1. to go or come in, to enter. Gen. 6:18. Frequently opposed to יָצָא. 2. to lie with a woman, inire feminam. Gen. 16:2. 3. spoken of the sun, to set, go down (below the horizon). Gen. 15:17. 28:11.

בּוֹא

verb • Page 89

To go in, to enter, to come. Includes many specific idioms: to conduct oneself (Josh. 15:18); to come in as revenue (1 K. 10:14); to enter into a covenant (2 Chr. 15:12); to come upon someone or befall them (Lam. 1:10); to come to pass or be fulfilled (Prov. 13:12); to bring something (with ב, Ps. 66:13); to obtain (Ps. 69:28). Hiphil: to bring in, carry in, or lead (2 Sam. 9:10). Hophal: passive (Lev. 10:18).

conjunctive, Verb Hiphil sequential imperfect third person masculine plural, Suffix pronominal third person masculine plural

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0935:

No stats available

לראש לְרֹאשׁ

to a head

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ראש

rôʼsh

Definition

the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)

Root

from an unused root apparently meaning to shake;

Exhaustive

from an unused root apparently meaning to shake; the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.); band, beginning, captain, chapiter, chief(-est place, man, things), company, end, [idiom] every (man), excellent, first, forefront, (be-)head, height, (on) high(-est part, (priest)), [idiom] lead, [idiom] poor, principal, ruler, sum, top.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7218

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רֹאשׁ

noun • Strongs / High • Page 1330

Poppy (reference to DEUT. 32, 32).

רֹאשׁ

noun / masculine • Root ראש • Strongs / High • Page 1311

1. Prop. skull; hence head, of men or animals. 2. Metaphor of things: the point, summit, capital, scepter, the highest. Fig. principal, highest (as of oil or feelings), a prince, king, principal person. The sum, total, multitude. The foremost, first, beginning.

רֹאשׁ

noun masculine • Root ראש • Strongs / High • Page 1312

1. Source of a river; beginning, commencement (of time). 2. Poison (רוֹשׁ), poisonous berries/water; fig. viciousness.

רֹאשׁ

noun proper • Strongs / High • Page 1312

n. p. of a people (Rosh) belonging to the Scythian king Gog, dwelling in the high north (identified by some classical writers with Russians/Roxolani).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רָאשׁ

adjective • Page 602

poor. See רוּשׁ.

רֹאשׁ

noun masculine • Root ראש ראש • Page 603

1. a head. —נָתַן בְּרֹאשׁ to let come on the head of any one, Ezek. 9: 10, 11: 21. בְּרֵאשֵׁינוּ with the danger of our heads, 1 Chr. 12: 19. 2. the first or highest in its kind. Hence (1.) a head, chief, leader (1 Sam. 15: 17, Ex. 6: 14, 25). (2.) a chief city, metropolis (Josh. 11: 10). (3.) the highest place, first rank—כֹּהֵן הָרֹאשׁ the high-priest (2 Chr. 19: 11). (4.) the top or highest part, as of a mountain (Gen. 8: 5), of a tower (Gen. 11: 4). Metaphorically רֹאשׁ שִׂמְחָה the highest joy (Ps. 137: 6). 3. the first; e. g. רֹאשׁ הַחֳדָשִׁים the first month (Ex. 12: 2). 4. the sum, the whole number (Lev. 5: 24, Ps. 119: 160). 5. a company, multitude, host (Judg. 7: 16, 1 Sam. 11: 11).

רֹאשׁ

prop. er name • Page 603

Proper name of a Scythian people, mentioned in connexion with Meshech and Tubal, in the northern parts of Asia Minor (Ezek. 38: 2, 3. 39: 1). The Byzantine writers speak of a rude and savage people about the northern Taurus, called Pōs, (Russians?).

Preposition, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: κεφαλὴν κεφαλῆσ ἄρχοντεσ κεφαλήν κεφαλὰσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7218a:

κεφαλὴν 123× (18.7%)

κεφαλῆσ 55× (8.5%)

ἄρχοντεσ 50× (8.4%)

κεφαλήν 34× (5.2%)

κεφαλὰσ 29× (4.4%)

ἄρχων 21× (3.4%)

κεφαλὴ 19× (2.8%)

ἀρχῆσ 15× (2.3%)

κορυφῆσ 14× (2.0%)

κορυφὴν 13× (2.0%)

הסלע הַסָּלַע

the Rock Cliff

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

סלע

çelaʻ

Definition

a craggy rock, literally or figuratively (a fortress)

Root

from an unused root meaning to be lofty;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to be lofty; a craggy rock, literally or figuratively (a fortress); (ragged) rock, stone(-ny), strong hold.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5553

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

סֶלַע

noun masculine • Root סלע • Strongs / High • Page 1024

1. A rock (from its hardness); denotes safety, protection, security. 2. A designation of Edom, proper name of its metropolis.

סֶלַע

noun proper • Strongs / High • Page 1025

Petra or Aelia, in the middle ages the vallis Mosis, now وادى موسى. Petra lay between the southern point of the Dead Sea and the extremity of the Elanitic gulf, in a valley shut in by lofty rocks.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

סֶלַע

noun masculine • Page 477

1. a rock. Often metaphorically, Ps. 18: 3. Jehovah is my rock. 2. proper name of the ancient capital of Edom, afterwards called Petra. 2 K. 14 : 7. Is. 16: 1. 3. also of a place in the northern part of Arabia. Judg. 1: 36.

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: πέτρασ πέτραν πετρῶν πέτρᾳ λεωπετρίαν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5553:

πέτρασ 18× (30.5%)

πέτραν 9× (14.1%)

πετρῶν 7× (11.3%)

πέτρᾳ 5× (7.6%)

λεωπετρίαν 4× (6.8%)

πέτραισ 4× (5.7%)

---% 3× (4.7%)

πέτρα 2× (3.7%)

στερέωμά 2× (3.7%)

κρημνοῦ 2× (3.1%)

וישליכום וַיַּשְׁלִיכוּם

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שלך

shâlak

Definition

to throw out, down or away (literally or figuratively)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to throw out, down or away (literally or figuratively); adventure, cast (away, down, forth, off, out), hurl, pluck, throw.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7993

הם

Definition

them, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9038

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁלַךְ

verb • Root שלך • Strongs / High • Page 1435

To shoot at; to pour or scatter upon; to throw over; to throw, to cast out (e.g., lots, a person, sins behind one's back, one's burden on God); to despise, condemn; to reject from his presence; to be thrown down; to be destroyed.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שָׁלַךְ

verb • Page 680

In Kal not used. Hiph. 1. to throw, cast (Gen. 37:22; Ps. 55:23; Ps. 50:17; Ps. 22:11). 2. to cast away (2 K. 7:15; Ezek. 20:8; Is. 14:19). 3. to expel, banish (Deut. 29:27; Amos 4:3; 2 K. 13:23). 4. to cast down, destroy (Jer. 9:18; Job 18:7; Dan. 8:11). Hoph. pass. of Hiph.

conjunctive, Verb Hiphil sequential imperfect third person masculine plural, Suffix pronominal third person masculine plural

LXX: ἔρριψεν ἔρριψαν αὐτοὺσ ἐρριμμένον ῥῖψον

LXX Usage Statistics

H7993:

ἔρριψεν 21× (15.3%)

ἔρριψαν 10× (7.3%)

αὐτοὺσ 6× (3.8%)

ἐρριμμένον 4× (3.3%)

ῥῖψον 4× (3.2%)

ἔρριψα 4× (2.9%)

ἀπέρριψεν 3× (2.5%)

'' 3× (2.1%)

ῥιφήσεται 3× (2.5%)

ἀπορρίψῃσ 2× (1.7%)

מראש מֵרֹאשׁ־

from the head

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ראש

rôʼsh

Definition

the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)

Root

from an unused root apparently meaning to shake;

Exhaustive

from an unused root apparently meaning to shake; the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.); band, beginning, captain, chapiter, chief(-est place, man, things), company, end, [idiom] every (man), excellent, first, forefront, (be-)head, height, (on) high(-est part, (priest)), [idiom] lead, [idiom] poor, principal, ruler, sum, top.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7218

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רֹאשׁ

noun • Strongs / High • Page 1330

Poppy (reference to DEUT. 32, 32).

רֹאשׁ

noun / masculine • Root ראש • Strongs / High • Page 1311

1. Prop. skull; hence head, of men or animals. 2. Metaphor of things: the point, summit, capital, scepter, the highest. Fig. principal, highest (as of oil or feelings), a prince, king, principal person. The sum, total, multitude. The foremost, first, beginning.

רֹאשׁ

noun masculine • Root ראש • Strongs / High • Page 1312

1. Source of a river; beginning, commencement (of time). 2. Poison (רוֹשׁ), poisonous berries/water; fig. viciousness.

רֹאשׁ

noun proper • Strongs / High • Page 1312

n. p. of a people (Rosh) belonging to the Scythian king Gog, dwelling in the high north (identified by some classical writers with Russians/Roxolani).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רָאשׁ

adjective • Page 602

poor. See רוּשׁ.

רֹאשׁ

noun masculine • Root ראש ראש • Page 603

1. a head. —נָתַן בְּרֹאשׁ to let come on the head of any one, Ezek. 9: 10, 11: 21. בְּרֵאשֵׁינוּ with the danger of our heads, 1 Chr. 12: 19. 2. the first or highest in its kind. Hence (1.) a head, chief, leader (1 Sam. 15: 17, Ex. 6: 14, 25). (2.) a chief city, metropolis (Josh. 11: 10). (3.) the highest place, first rank—כֹּהֵן הָרֹאשׁ the high-priest (2 Chr. 19: 11). (4.) the top or highest part, as of a mountain (Gen. 8: 5), of a tower (Gen. 11: 4). Metaphorically רֹאשׁ שִׂמְחָה the highest joy (Ps. 137: 6). 3. the first; e. g. רֹאשׁ הַחֳדָשִׁים the first month (Ex. 12: 2). 4. the sum, the whole number (Lev. 5: 24, Ps. 119: 160). 5. a company, multitude, host (Judg. 7: 16, 1 Sam. 11: 11).

רֹאשׁ

prop. er name • Page 603

Proper name of a Scythian people, mentioned in connexion with Meshech and Tubal, in the northern parts of Asia Minor (Ezek. 38: 2, 3. 39: 1). The Byzantine writers speak of a rude and savage people about the northern Taurus, called Pōs, (Russians?).

Prep-M, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: κεφαλὴν κεφαλῆσ ἄρχοντεσ κεφαλήν κεφαλὰσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7218a:

κεφαλὴν 123× (18.7%)

κεφαλῆσ 55× (8.5%)

ἄρχοντεσ 50× (8.4%)

κεφαλήν 34× (5.2%)

κεφαλὰσ 29× (4.4%)

ἄρχων 21× (3.4%)

κεφαλὴ 19× (2.8%)

ἀρχῆσ 15× (2.3%)

κορυφῆσ 14× (2.0%)

κορυφὴν 13× (2.0%)

הסלע הַסֶּלַע

the Rock Cliff

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

סלע

çelaʻ

Definition

a craggy rock, literally or figuratively (a fortress)

Root

from an unused root meaning to be lofty;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to be lofty; a craggy rock, literally or figuratively (a fortress); (ragged) rock, stone(-ny), strong hold.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5553

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

סֶלַע

noun masculine • Root סלע • Strongs / High • Page 1024

1. A rock (from its hardness); denotes safety, protection, security. 2. A designation of Edom, proper name of its metropolis.

סֶלַע

noun proper • Strongs / High • Page 1025

Petra or Aelia, in the middle ages the vallis Mosis, now وادى موسى. Petra lay between the southern point of the Dead Sea and the extremity of the Elanitic gulf, in a valley shut in by lofty rocks.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

סֶלַע

noun masculine • Page 477

1. a rock. Often metaphorically, Ps. 18: 3. Jehovah is my rock. 2. proper name of the ancient capital of Edom, afterwards called Petra. 2 K. 14 : 7. Is. 16: 1. 3. also of a place in the northern part of Arabia. Judg. 1: 36.

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: πέτρασ πέτραν πετρῶν πέτρᾳ λεωπετρίαν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5553:

πέτρασ 18× (30.5%)

πέτραν 9× (14.1%)

πετρῶν 7× (11.3%)

πέτρᾳ 5× (7.6%)

λεωπετρίαν 4× (6.8%)

πέτραισ 4× (5.7%)

---% 3× (4.7%)

πέτρα 2× (3.7%)

στερέωμά 2× (3.7%)

κρημνοῦ 2× (3.1%)

וכלם וְכֻלָּם

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כל

kôl

Definition

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

Root

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from H3634 (כלל);

Exhaustive

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from כלל; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense); (in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3605

הם

Definition

their, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9028

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כֹּל

noun / masculine • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 695

Properly 'all, whole, totality'. 1. Used adjectivally to mean 'all' or 'the whole of', as in 'all the earth'. 2. Describes a plurality of individual persons or things, translated as 'all'.

כֹּל

substantive / adverb • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 696

A substantive meaning all, the whole, every, any. When used with a negative, it means none at all. It can also function as an adverb meaning wholly or altogether.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כֹּל

chald. • Page 316

Same as Hebrew (all, every). Often appears with Makkeph as -כֹּל. References: Dan. 2:40, 4:9, 18, 25.

כֹּל

m. verbal • Root כלל • Page 315

A substantive meaning 'all', 'the whole', or 'totality'. Frequently used as an adjective (Jer. 33:8). 1. all. 2. every one.

Conjunction, Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine plural

LXX: πάντα πᾶσ πάντεσ πᾶν πάντασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3605:

πάντα 921× (17.0%)

πᾶσ 451× (8.4%)

πάντεσ 441× (8.4%)

πᾶν 351× (6.5%)

πάντασ 297× (5.6%)

πᾶσαν 267× (4.9%)

πάντων 242× (4.4%)

πάσασ 230× (4.4%)

--- 227× (4.5%)

πᾶσα 214× (4.0%)

נבקעוס נִבְקָעוּ׃ס

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בקע

bâqaʻ

Definition

to cleave; generally, to rend, break, rip or open

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to cleave; generally, to rend, break, rip or open; make a breach, break forth (into, out, in pieces, through, up), be ready to burst, cleave (asunder), cut out, divide, hatch, rend (asunder), rip up, tear, win.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1234

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בָּקַע

verb • Strongs / High • Page 270

To cleave, to divide, to rip up, to break through; to hatch (eggs).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בָּקַע

verb • Root בקע • Page 111

1. to divide, cleave (Ex. 14:16). 2. to cleave and enter, break in (2 Sam. 23:16). 3. to break open or hatch eggs (Is. 34:15). 4. to rip up a woman with child (Am. 1:13). 5. to tear in pieces (Hos. 13:8). Includes Niph., Pi., Pu., Hiph., Hoph., and Hithpa. forms.

Verb Niphal perfect third person common plural

LXX: ἐρράγη ῥαγήσεται διέρρηξεν ἐρράγησαν σχισθήσεται

LXX Usage Statistics

H1234:

ἐρράγη 6× (11.6%)

ῥαγήσεται 3× (5.8%)

διέρρηξεν 2× (4.1%)

ἐρράγησαν 2× (4.1%)

σχισθήσεται 2× (3.8%)

διέρρηξαν 2× (3.5%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And ten thousand living the sons of Judah carried away captive, and they will bring them to the head of the rock, and they will cast them down from the head of the rock, and they were rent asunder all of them.

LITV Translation:
And the sons of Judah captured ten thousand alive, and they brought them to the top of the rock and threw them from the top of the rock; and all of them were broken.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And the children of Judah took ten thousand prisoners, and they carried them to the top of the precipice, and cast them headlong from the top of the precipice, and they were all dashed to pieces.