2 Chronicles 18:28

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ויעל וַיַּעַל

and he is climbing up

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

עלה

ʻâlâh

Definition

to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative; arise (up), (cause to) ascend up, at once, break (the day) (up), bring (up), (cause to) burn, carry up, cast up, [phrase] shew, climb (up), (cause to, make to) come (up), cut off, dawn, depart, exalt, excel, fall, fetch up, get up, (make to) go (away, up); grow (over) increase, lay, leap, levy, lift (self) up, light, (make) up, [idiom] mention, mount up, offer, make to pay, [phrase] perfect, prefer, put (on), raise, recover, restore, (make to) rise (up), scale, set (up), shoot forth (up), (begin to) spring (up), stir up, take away (up), work.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5927

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עָלָה

verb intransitive • Strongs / High • Page 1091

I. To be high, above, aloft, to be elevated, raised high. To go to a height, to ascend, to go up (opposite יָרַד). To shoot up, of plants, to sprout. To go or come up, often applied to going from a low to a higher region.

עָלָה

verb intransitive • Strongs / High • Page 1091

II. The reverse of יָרַד; specifically used for going to Assyria, or going into a desert, or pilgrimages to holy places (usually higher).

עָלָה

verb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

To go up, ascend, rise. Used for: going to a higher place, overcoming, subduing, overflowing (river), spreading upwards, leading up, mounting up, increasing, prancing, springing upon, crying out, reaching, or amounting to.

עָלָה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1093

To offer a burnt-offering (context of the usage of the verb regarding sacrifice).

עָלָה

intransitive verb • Strongs / High • Page 1093

II. 1. To glow, burn, blaze (of sacrifices, flame, anger, wrath). 2. To sprout, grow (of plants). 3. To lighten, shine (of dawn).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עָלָה

verb • Page 508

To go up, ascend, mount. Applied to people (ascending to a country or place of judgment), things (roads leading, countries extending, lots coming up), plants (shooting or growing up), or metaphorically (rising in value, advancing, excelling, coming to mind). Includes derived forms: Niph. (to be brought up, driven away, or exalted) and Hiph. (to lead or bring up, present an offering, take away, or enroll). (Is. 14:14, Ex. 24:13, Gen. 49:4, Prov. 21:22, Gen. 13:1, Jer. 48:15, Job 36:33, Prov. 24:31, Am. 8:8, 1 K. 22:35, Deut. 28:43, Ezra 1:11, Ps. 47:10, Gen. 37:28, Is. 57:6, Lev. 14:20).

עִלָּה

chald. n.f. • Root עלל • Page 509

A cause, occasion, or pretext. Found in Dan. 6: 5, 6.

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ἀνέβη ἀνέβησαν ἀναβήσεται ἀνάβηθι ἀνήνεγκεν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5927:

ἀνέβη 144× (15.2%)

ἀνέβησαν 56× (5.8%)

ἀναβήσεται 42× (4.5%)

ἀνάβηθι 29× (3.3%)

ἀνήνεγκεν 23× (2.3%)

ἀναβῆναι 18× (1.9%)

ἀνήγαγεν 18× (1.9%)

ἀνάβητε 16× (1.8%)

--- 15× (1.7%)

ἀναβῇ 14× (1.6%)

מלך מֶלֶךְ־

a king

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מלך

melek

Definition

a king

Root

from H4427 (מלך);

Exhaustive

from מלך; a king; king, royal.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4428

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מֶלֶךְ

masculine noun • Root מלך • Strongs / High • Page 859

A king, ruler; properly an abstract concept of rule or government, but commonly used concretely. It can refer to a king of a land, city, people, or tribe. The term is also applied to Jehovah, idols, and animals distinguished for strength. It can also mean an adviser or counsellor, and is used as a proper name.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מֶלֶךְ

noun masculine • Page 380

a king. Ezek. 26: 7. 'the king of kings,' a title of the king of Babylon. Spoken frequently of Jehovah, Ps. 5: 3, and of false gods, Am. 5: 26.

Noun common both singular construct

LXX: βασιλεὺσ βασιλέωσ βασιλέα βασιλεῖ βασιλεῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4428:

βασιλεὺσ 631× (23.4%)

βασιλέωσ 546× (20.5%)

βασιλέα 419× (15.7%)

βασιλεῖ 196× (7.1%)

βασιλεῖσ 133× (4.9%)

βασιλεύσ 100× (3.5%)

--- 77× (3.2%)

'' 66× (2.3%)

βασιλέων 63× (2.4%)

βασιλεῦσιν 46× (1.6%)

ישראל יִשְׂרָאֵל

God-Contends

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ישראל

Yisrâʼêl

Definition

Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

Root

from H8280 (שרה) and H410 (אל); he will rule as God;

Exhaustive

from שרה and אל; he will rule as God; Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity; Israel.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3478

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יִשְׂרָאֵל

noun proper masculine • Root שרה • Strongs / High • Page 662

A proper name with multiple meanings: the patriarch Jacob; the Israelite people; an honorary title for the pious; the northern kingdom of Israel; the whole kingdom after the exile.

יִשְׂרָאֵל

noun proper masculine • Root ישר • Strongs / High • Page 662

A proper name, meaning 'El is a true, honest one.' Described as a ground-form to יְשַׂרְאֵלָה.

Noun proper name

LXX: ισραηλ '' --- ιακωβ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3478:

ισραηλ 2245× (92.9%)

'' 57× (2.1%)

--- 50× (2.2%)

ισραηλ 8× (0.3%)

ιακωβ 4× (0.2%)

t? 4× (0.1%)

ιερουσαλημ 4× (0.2%)

[b] 3× (0.1%)

ισραηλίτου 3× (0.1%)

ισραηλίτιδοσ 3× (0.1%)

ויהושפט וִיהוֹשָׁפָט

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

יהושפט

Yᵉhôwshâphâṭ

Definition

Jehoshaphat, the name of six Israelites; also of a valley near Jerusalem

Root

from H3068 (יהוה) and H8199 (שפט); Jehovah-judged;

Exhaustive

from יהוה and שפט; Jehovah-judged; Jehoshaphat, the name of six Israelites; also of a valley near Jerusalem; Jehoshaphat. Compare יושפט.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3092

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יְהוֹשָׁפָט

noun proper masculine • Root שפט • Consonantal / Medium • Page 593

(Yehô is judge). 1. A proper name of a person. 2. A proper name of a valley between Jerusalem and the mount of Olives.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יְהוֹשָׁפָט

noun masculine • Page 276

(Jehovah judges) proper name of a son of Asa, king of Judah. 2 K. 22:41—51. Also of a valley between Jerusalem and mount Olivet, named after this king, Joel 4:2, 12. [3:2, 12.]

Conjunction, Noun proper name masculine

LXX: ιωσαφατ [g]

LXX Usage Statistics

H3092:

ιωσαφατ 82× (94.7%)

[g] 2× (2.0%)

מלך מֶלֶךְ־

a king

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מלך

melek

Definition

a king

Root

from H4427 (מלך);

Exhaustive

from מלך; a king; king, royal.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4428

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מֶלֶךְ

masculine noun • Root מלך • Strongs / High • Page 859

A king, ruler; properly an abstract concept of rule or government, but commonly used concretely. It can refer to a king of a land, city, people, or tribe. The term is also applied to Jehovah, idols, and animals distinguished for strength. It can also mean an adviser or counsellor, and is used as a proper name.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מֶלֶךְ

noun masculine • Page 380

a king. Ezek. 26: 7. 'the king of kings,' a title of the king of Babylon. Spoken frequently of Jehovah, Ps. 5: 3, and of false gods, Am. 5: 26.

Noun common both singular construct

LXX: βασιλεὺσ βασιλέωσ βασιλέα βασιλεῖ βασιλεῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4428:

βασιλεὺσ 631× (23.4%)

βασιλέωσ 546× (20.5%)

βασιλέα 419× (15.7%)

βασιλεῖ 196× (7.1%)

βασιλεῖσ 133× (4.9%)

βασιλεύσ 100× (3.5%)

--- 77× (3.2%)

'' 66× (2.3%)

βασιλέων 63× (2.4%)

βασιλεῦσιν 46× (1.6%)

יהודה יְהוּדָה

Caster

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יהודה

Yᵉhûwdâh

Definition

Jehudah (or Judah), the name of five Israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory

Root

from H3034 (ידה); celebrated;

Exhaustive

from ידה; celebrated; Jehudah (or Judah), the name of five Israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory; Judah.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3063

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יְהוּדָה

noun proper masculine • Root ידה • Strongs / High • Page 589

Proper name of the fourth son of Leah and Jacob. Also the name of one of the twelve tribes, the district allotted to that tribe, the subsequent kingdom of Judah, and in the post-exile period, the whole Jewish land.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יְהוּדָה

proper name • Root ידה • Page 271

Proper name; Judah. Derived from יָדָה.

יְהוּדָה

noun • Page 274

1. Fourth son of Jacob and the tribe descended from him. 2. The kingdom and people of Judah after the division of the kingdom. Refers to the territory and the people. Josh. xv, Is. 3:8.

Noun proper name

LXX: ιουδα ιουδαν ιουδασ '' ιουδαίασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3063:

ιουδα 582× (74.3%)

ιουδαν 59× (7.0%)

ιουδασ 57× (7.3%)

'' 31× (3.5%)

ιουδαίασ 23× (2.5%)

--- 15× (2.0%)

ιουδαίᾳ 10× (1.0%)

ιουδαία 6× (0.6%)

ιουδαίαν 3× (0.3%)

pἐν 2× (0.3%)

אל אֶל־

toward

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אל

ʼêl

Definition

near, with or among; often in general, to

Root

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.

Exhaustive

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.; near, with or among; often in general, to; about, according to, after, against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and, by, concerning, for, from, [idiom] hath, in(-to), near, (out) of, over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether, with(-in).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H413

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵל

pronominal stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Aramaic demonstrative pronoun, same as Hebrew II. in a variety of senses.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

God (used in proper names like טָבְאֵל).

אֵל

noun • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Used as a groundform for אַלִי.

אֵל

pronoun demonstrative • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Pronominal stem abridged from 'ela, a demonstrative vocable. Demonstrative pronoun plural 'these'. A stronger form than 'ela, namely 'elle. Often found with the article הָאֵל (these).

אֵל

pronoun • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Aramaic equivalent to the Hebrew אֵל II. Found only in Ezr. 5, 15 K'ri, for which the K'tib has אֵלֶּה synonymous with the Targumic אִלֵּךְ.

אֵל

noun masculine • Root איל אול • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

A very old Semitic name of the highest deity, which already appears in the pre-historic period: God. Stands both for the God of the Hebrews (Jehovah), gods of another nation, or idols. Also means 'strong' or 'mighty'.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 130

God, Deity; applied to the true God, pagan gods, or in proper names. Also denotes strength, might, or power (e.g., in the phrase 'it is in the power of my hand').

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Collateral form of pronoun demonstrative אֵל (these).

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Construct of אֶל I. (preposition 'to', 'towards').

אֵל

abbreviation • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

An abbreviation of God in proper names, e.g. אֶלְעָלָא, אֶלְזָבָד.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

אֵל

m. verbal / dec. i. a. • Root אול • Page 49

1. strong, mighty (Ezek. 31:11). 2. strength, power (Gen. 31:29; Prov. 3:27). 3. most frequently God, applied both to Jehovah and heathen gods (Is. 44:10).

אֵל

pronoun • Page 49

pronoun plural; i. q. אֵלֶּה [these]. Also appears in the form הָאֵל.

אֵל

chald. • Page 50

Chald. idem. Ezra 5:15 Keri.

Preposition

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0413:

No stats available

רמת רָמֹת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

רמות

Râmôwth

Definition

Ramoth-Negeb or Ramath-Negeb, a place in Palestine

Root

or רמת נגב; from the plural or construct form of H7413 (רמה) and H5045 (נגב); heights (or height) of the South;

Exhaustive

or רמת נגב; from the plural or construct form of רמה and נגב; heights (or height) of the South; Ramoth-Negeb or Ramath-Negeb, a place in Palestine; south Ramoth, Ramath of the south.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7418

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רֶמֶת

noun proper • Root רמה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1343

A city in Issachar (Josh. 19:21).

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רָמוֹת

noun feminine • Root רום • Page 621

high heaps (of corpses), from רום to be high. Ezek. 32: 5.

רָמוֹת

noun plural • Page 620

(heights.) 1. proper name of a city in Gilead, otherwise called רָאמוֹת. Josh. 21: 38; 1 K. 4: 13. 2. רָמוֹת נֶגֶב (heights towards the south).

Noun proper name

LXX: γαλααδ ραμωθ ρεμμαθ pεἰσ ρεμμωθ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7418:

γαλααδ 13× (28.4%)

ραμωθ 7× (18.6%)

ρεμμαθ 7× (18.2%)

pεἰσ 5× (14.2%)

ρεμμωθ 4× (9.7%)

ραμα 2× (4.8%)

γαλααδίτιδοσ 2× (3.6%)

גלעד גִּלְעָד׃

Uncovered Witness ("Gilead")

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

גלעד

Gilʻâd

Definition

Gilad, a region East of the Jordan; also the name of three Israelites

Root

probably from H1567 (גלעד);

Exhaustive

probably from גלעד; Gilad, a region East of the Jordan; also the name of three Israelites; Gilead, Gileadite.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1568

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גִּלְעֵד

noun proper masculine • Root גלע • Consonantal / Medium • Page 329

strong, powerful. 1. (designation of a person) A proper name, found especially in the tribes of Manasseh and Gad. 2. (designation of a place, rocky mountain) Known as Gilead-mountain (הַר הַגִּלְעָד), a limestone mountain range east of the Jordan River.

Matched via consonantal key only

גַּלְעֵד

noun proper • Root גלעד • Consonantal / Medium • Page 330

Same as גִּלְעָד, of which it may have been a collateral form. Scripture provides a historical origin in Genesis 31:41.

Matched via consonantal key only

גִּלְעָד

noun proper • Root גלעד • Consonantal / Medium • Page 330

A region east of the Jordan, encompassing the district of the tribes Reuben, Gad, and half Manasseh, as well as Bashan. It is also used more specifically for the territory of Reuben, Gad, or both.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

גִּלְעָד

proper name • Root גלעד • Page 142

1. A son of Machir and grandson of Manasseh (Num. 26: 29). 2. A mountain (Gen. 31: 23) and province beyond Jordan; in a restricted sense, the country south of Bashan and Argob. 3. A city in the abovementioned province (Hos. 6: 8).

Noun proper name

LXX: γαλααδ ραμωθ ρεμμαθ γαλααδίτιδοσ ιαβισ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1568:

γαλααδ 110× (65.9%)

ραμωθ 8× (4.9%)

ρεμμαθ 7× (4.2%)

γαλααδίτιδοσ 7× (3.3%)

ιαβισ 6× (4.0%)

γαλααδίτησ 5× (2.8%)

γαλααδίτου 4× (2.2%)

γαλααδῖτιν 4× (2.0%)

pεἰσ 3× (2.0%)

t? 3× (1.2%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And the king of Israel will go up, and Jehoshaphat king of Judah, to Ramoth-Gilead.

LITV Translation:
And the king of Israel went up, and Jehoshaphat the king of Judah, to Ramoth-gilead.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
So the king of Israel, and Jehoshaphat king of Judah, went up to Ramoth-gilead.