1 Samuel 8:12

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ולשום וְלָשׂוּם

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שום

sûwm

Definition

to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)

Root

or שים; a primitive root;

Exhaustive

or שים; a primitive root; to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically); [idiom] any wise, appoint, bring, call (a name), care, cast in, change, charge, commit, consider, convey, determine, [phrase] disguise, dispose, do, get, give, heap up, hold, impute, lay (down, up), leave, look, make (out), mark, [phrase] name, [idiom] on, ordain, order, [phrase] paint, place, preserve, purpose, put (on), [phrase] regard, rehearse, reward, (cause to) set (on, up), shew, [phrase] stedfastly, take, [idiom] tell, [phrase] tread down, (over-)turn, [idiom] wholly, work.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7760

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שׂוּם

verb • Root שום • Strongs / High • Page 755

to put, place

שׂוּם

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1396

Transitive verb: 1. to set (like שִׂימָה), to plant trees, to erect a monument, to build a nest, to establish, to appoint. 2. to set forth/array (warriors, troops, ambush); to subjugate (put foot on neck).

שׂוּם

verb • Root שום • Strongs / High • Page 1397

To set, put, place, lay, or appoint. Senses include: 1. To set up (a pillar, throne, or door), to erect (a tent), to hang up (a curtain), to establish (a law), to arrange, to appoint, to set upon (a thing), to thrust into (prison), to put into (a place), to lay upon, to stick, to found, to create, to cause to arise, to introduce (the seat of worship), to put between, to lay under/upon, to build (lay stone upon stone), to give/take into one's hand, to put words into one's mouth, to furnish with miraculous power, to read before one, to put or lay before. 2. To set upon (dress/ornaments), to lay upon, to afflict with, to impute, to give a name, to set a thing before one's eyes (take a resolution), to put or lay down (a pledge), to commit a cause, to explain the sense, to cherish wrath (against God), to lay to heart (take heed), to take heed to the walk, to throw into, to pour out/shed. 3. To put to, add, to make (with accusative of place). 4. To direct, to turn, to direct the eye upon, to set the face upon, to have a design for, to set the mind upon, to attend to, to consider, to make (into a thing), to turn into nothing, to make as or like, to produce/prepare, to do (when God does this).

שׂוּם

verb • Root שום • Strongs / High • Page 1398

II. Intransitive verb. Properly: to be veiled; hence to be obscured, darkened; metaphorically: to be impotent, weak, or to be on the left side (regarded as the weak or obscured side).

שׂוּם

unknown • Strongs / High • Page 1449

hurtful. Ar. סֻמّ trans. to poison, a poisonous wind. Deriv. שְׁמִימִית (a species of poisonous lizard).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שׂוּם

verb • Page 635

Or שִׂים. 1. To set, place, put (e.g., to arrange an army, Job 1:17; Josh. 8:2). 2. To ordain, establish (Gen. 47:26; Ex. 21:13). 3. To appoint (Hos. 2:2; 1 Sam. 8:1).

שׂוּם

verb • Root נתן • Page 636

Continuation of entry from previous page. 4. to lay upon a person (Ex. 5:8, 22:24). Also to impute or charge to a person (Deut. 22:14). 5. to put on a garment (Ruth 3:3). 6. to place (a surety) (Job 17:3). 7. to give a name to a person (Dan. 1:7). 8. to put one's name in a place, i. e. to fix his dwelling there (Deut. 12:5). 9. to beget children (Ezra 10:44). 10. to instruct a person (Ex. 17:14). 11. to attend, consider, anim-mum advertere (Is. 41:22). 12. to lay to heart (Is. 57:1). 13. also to purpose, resolve (Dan. 1:8). 14. to direct one's face (see under פנים). 15. to direct one's eye to any one (see עין). 16. to heap up (Job 36:13). 2. to make, i. q. נָתַן (Gen. 4:15). 3. to give e. g. honour (Josh. 7:19), peace (Num. 6:26). Hiph. i. q. Kal, found only in the imper. Ezek. 21:21. Hoph. only Gen. 24:33 Keri.

שׂוּם

verb • Page 636

to set, put, place. Particularly (1.) to appoint (Ezra 5:14). (2.) to issue an edict (Dan. 3:10). (3.) to regard (Dan. 3:15). (4.) to be concerned for a person (Dan. 6:13). (5.) to name a person (Dan. 5:12).

Conjunction, Preposition, Verb Qal infinitive construct common

LXX: ἔθετο ἔθηκεν θήσομαι ἐπέθηκεν θήσω

LXX Usage Statistics

H7760a:

ἔθετο 40× (6.2%)

ἔθηκεν 26× (3.9%)

θήσομαι 23× (3.5%)

ἐπέθηκεν 22× (3.2%)

θήσω 21× (3.1%)

'' 13× (1.9%)

ἔθεντο 11× (1.7%)

ἔθου 10× (1.7%)

ἐτέθη 9× (1.5%)

ποιήσω 9× (1.5%)

לו לוֹ

to himself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ו

Definition

him, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9033

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

וְ

prefix • Root היה • Page 195

A prefix, as in וַיִּקְתֹּל (he killed). Usually called Vav conversivum futuri. It is most probably a contraction of the old form הָוָה or הָוֵי i. q. הָיָה.

וְ

conj. and prefix • Page 194

Vav copulativum. Signifies a nail, peg, hook. Used as: 1. merely connective (and, also); 2. adversative (but, yet - Gen. 17:21); 3. illative (since, wherefore - Gen. 26:27, Ruth 1:21); 4. causal (for - Gen. 20:3, Is. 39:1); 5. to express result/consequence (that - Num. 23:19).

Preposition -For/Into Art, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

שרי שָׂרֵי

princes

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שר

sar

Definition

a head person (of any rank or class)

Root

from H8323 (שרר);

Exhaustive

from שרר; a head person (of any rank or class); captain (that had rule), chief (captain), general, governor, keeper, lord,(-task-)master, prince(-ipal), ruler, steward.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8269

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁר

noun • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1416

A singer (concrete term in modern Hebrew).

שֹׁר

noun masculine • Root שרר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1480

A nerve, sinew; hence the navel-cord. Being a physiologically important part of the body, it stands for the whole body. Maltese sarra (bosom, pudenda).

שַׂר

noun masculine • Root שרר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1479

A ruler, prefect, master, chief, principal or most distinguished person in a country; general (leader of an army); captain; generally courtiers; guardian-angel or high spiritual being; distinguished priest.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שַׂר

m. dec. viii. k. • Root שרר • Page 643

1. a captain, commander, chief; e. g. of the body-guard, Gen. 37: 36. of the cup-bearers, 40: 9. 2. a chief, prince, courtier. Gen. 12: 15. 3. according to theological views of later Jews, an archangel. Dan. 10: 13, 20.

שֹׁר

noun masculine • Root שרר • Page 699

1. prob. a nerve, sinew, muscle. (Comp. שָׁרִיר and the Chald. שְׁרִיר firm.) Collect. Prov. 3: 8 healing shall it be to thy sinews or muscles. 2. the navel, strictly the navel-string. Ezek. 16: 4. Job 40: 16.

שָׂרַי

proper name • Page 644

Sarai, the proper name of the wife of Abraham. This name was changed to שָׂרָה (Gen. 17:15) probably meaning princess.

Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX: ἄρχοντεσ ἄρχοντασ ἀρχόντων ἄρχων ἄρχοντα

LXX Usage Statistics

H8269:

ἄρχοντεσ 94× (21.5%)

ἄρχοντασ 52× (12.0%)

ἀρχόντων 31× (7.1%)

ἄρχων 28× (6.9%)

ἄρχοντα 13× (3.2%)

ἑκατοντάρχουσ 10× (2.3%)

ἀρχιστράτηγοσ 10× (2.5%)

αὐτῆσ 9× (1.7%)

ἄρχουσιν 9× (2.0%)

ἡγεμόνεσ 9× (2.2%)

אלפים אֲלָפים

thousands

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אלף

ʼeleph

Definition

hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousand

Root

prop, the same as H504 (אלף);

Exhaustive

prop, the same as אלף; hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousand; thousand.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H505

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֶלֶף

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 143

Oxen, heifers, cattle for the yoke; tame house-animals; the name of the first letter of the alphabet.

אֶלֶף

numeral / noun masculine • Root אלף • Strongs_Numbers • Page 144

As a numeral, a thousand; properly the union of many individuals, a mass; then fixed to a definite number.

אֶלֶף

noun masculine • Root אלף • Strongs_Numbers • Page 144

Properly a union of family members, therefore association of the members of a family or tribe, larger communities into which every race was divided; a smaller division of a tribe or race.

אֶלֶף

noun proper • Root אלף • Strongs_Numbers • Page 144

A city in Benjamin's territory (Josh. 18, 28).

אֶלֶף

unknown • Strongs_Numbers • Page 145

see אַלּוּף

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶלֶף

masc. epicene / dec. vi. b. • Root אלף • Page 54

I. ox, animal of the ox kind. Deut. 7: 13. 28: 4. Ps. 8: 8. Perhaps denoting literally tame cattle.

אֶלֶף

m. prim. dec. vi. b. • Page 54

II. 1. thousand. Dual אַלְפַּיִם. Plur. אֲלָפִים. 2. family, subdivision of a tribe, originally of a thousand, i. q. מִשְׁפָּחָה. Judg. 6: 15. 1 Sam. 10: 19. 23: 23.

Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0505:

No stats available

ושרי וְשָׂרֵי

and princes

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שר

sar

Definition

a head person (of any rank or class)

Root

from H8323 (שרר);

Exhaustive

from שרר; a head person (of any rank or class); captain (that had rule), chief (captain), general, governor, keeper, lord,(-task-)master, prince(-ipal), ruler, steward.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8269

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁר

noun • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1416

A singer (concrete term in modern Hebrew).

שֹׁר

noun masculine • Root שרר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1480

A nerve, sinew; hence the navel-cord. Being a physiologically important part of the body, it stands for the whole body. Maltese sarra (bosom, pudenda).

שַׂר

noun masculine • Root שרר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1479

A ruler, prefect, master, chief, principal or most distinguished person in a country; general (leader of an army); captain; generally courtiers; guardian-angel or high spiritual being; distinguished priest.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שַׂר

m. dec. viii. k. • Root שרר • Page 643

1. a captain, commander, chief; e. g. of the body-guard, Gen. 37: 36. of the cup-bearers, 40: 9. 2. a chief, prince, courtier. Gen. 12: 15. 3. according to theological views of later Jews, an archangel. Dan. 10: 13, 20.

שֹׁר

noun masculine • Root שרר • Page 699

1. prob. a nerve, sinew, muscle. (Comp. שָׁרִיר and the Chald. שְׁרִיר firm.) Collect. Prov. 3: 8 healing shall it be to thy sinews or muscles. 2. the navel, strictly the navel-string. Ezek. 16: 4. Job 40: 16.

שָׂרַי

proper name • Page 644

Sarai, the proper name of the wife of Abraham. This name was changed to שָׂרָה (Gen. 17:15) probably meaning princess.

Conjunction, Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX: ἄρχοντεσ ἄρχοντασ ἀρχόντων ἄρχων ἄρχοντα

LXX Usage Statistics

H8269:

ἄρχοντεσ 94× (21.5%)

ἄρχοντασ 52× (12.0%)

ἀρχόντων 31× (7.1%)

ἄρχων 28× (6.9%)

ἄρχοντα 13× (3.2%)

ἑκατοντάρχουσ 10× (2.3%)

ἀρχιστράτηγοσ 10× (2.5%)

αὐτῆσ 9× (1.7%)

ἄρχουσιν 9× (2.0%)

ἡγεμόνεσ 9× (2.2%)

חמשים חֲמִשּׁים

fifty

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חמשים

chămishshîym

Definition

fifty

Root

multiple of H2568 (חמש);

Exhaustive

multiple of חמש; fifty; fifty.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2572

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חִמֵּשׁ

verb • Root חמש • Consonantal / Low • Page 501

To take the fifth part; to exact a fifth part as a tax.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

חָמֵשׁ

numeral / cardinal / feminine • Root חמש • Consonantal / Low • Page 501

Five (feminine cardinal number).

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

חָמַשׁ

transitive verb • Root חמש • Consonantal / Low • Page 500

(not used) A transitive verb stem assumed for the numeral five (חָמֵשׁ), in the sense of 'to comprehend' or 'to pack together'.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

חָמַשׁ

intransitive verb • Root חמש • Consonantal / Low • Page 500

(not used) 1. To be thick, fat (of the paunch or abdomen). 2. Figuratively, to be firm, strong, powerful, vigorous.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

חָמֻשׁ

adjective • Root חמש • Consonantal / Low • Page 501

Armed, girt, equipped for battle. An adjective form suggested from the plural חֲמֻשִּׁים, used to describe an army on the march.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

חֹמֶשׁ

masculine noun • Root חמש • Consonantal / Low • Page 501

1. A fifth, the fifth part of a thing, often as tribute. 2. Paunch, abdomen.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חֲמֻשִׁים

adjective • Page 236

armed, in battle-array, spoken of an army. Ex. 13:18. Josh. 1:14. 4:12. Judg. 7:11.

Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: πεντήκοντα διακόσιοι δύο τέσσαρεσ πεντηκονταετοῦσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2572:

πεντήκοντα 126× (53.1%)

διακόσιοι 10× (4.6%)

δύο 10× (3.6%)

τέσσαρεσ 7× (2.7%)

πεντηκονταετοῦσ 7× (3.2%)

'' 6× (2.5%)

ἑκατὸν 6× (2.8%)

πεντηκόνταρχον 6× (2.3%)

πεντηκοντάρχουσ 4× (1.6%)

ἑξακόσιοι 4× (1.9%)

ולחרש וְלַחֲרֹשׁ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

חרש

chârash

Definition

to scratch, i.e. (by implication) to engrave, plough; hence (from the use of tools) to fabricate (of any material); figuratively, to devise (in a bad sense); hence (from the idea of secrecy) to be silent, to let alone; hence (by implication) to be deaf (as an accompaniment of dumbness)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to scratch, i.e. (by implication) to engrave, plough; hence (from the use of tools) to fabricate (of any material); figuratively, to devise (in a bad sense); hence (from the idea of secrecy) to be silent, to let alone; hence (by implication) to be deaf (as an accompaniment of dumbness); [idiom] altogether, cease, conceal, be deaf, devise, ear, graven, imagine, leave off speaking, hold peace, plow(-er, man), be quiet, rest, practise secretly, keep silence, be silent, speak not a word, be still, hold tongue, worker.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2790

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חָרַשׁ

verb • Root חרש • Strongs / High • Page 535

1. To cut in, grave (on wood, metal, or stone); to divide, split. 2. To plough. 3. To fabricate with skill, to fashion. Figuratively, to devise or machinate.

חָרַשׁ

verb • Root חרש • Strongs / High • Page 536

A primary root with several distinct meanings: 1. to cut in, engrave, plough, fabricate. 2. to be silent, still, deaf. 3. (as חָרַס) to be rough.

חָרַשׁ

verb • Root חרש • Strongs / High • Page 536

I. Same as חרס, חרך; to shine, to glitter, therefore to be green, to grow, to shine in green (spoken of a wood).

חָרַשׁ

verb • Root חרש • Strongs / High • Page 536

II. 1. to speak softly, in a whispering, murmuring manner (like magicians), to practise magic. 2. to be silent, quiet, still, inactive.

חָרַשׁ

verb • Root חרש • Strongs / High • Page 536

I. to be soft, viscous, of plaster, clay.

חָרַשׁ

verb • Root חרש • Strongs / High • Page 537

II. (not used) intransitive. to become or be rough, of potsherds.

חָרַשׁ

verb • Root חרש • Strongs / High • Page 1534

Either intransitive: an intensive of Kal to be very firm, strengthened, hard (of districts, stones, or men); or transitive: to establish, a colony, or to have a firm soil (of coasts, opposing the sea). Derivat. the proper name חֲרִשִׁית.

חָרַשׁ

unknown • Strongs / High • Page 1363

Example of interchange of שׁ and ת (instead of חָרַת).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חָרַשׁ

verb • Root חרש • Page 252

1. to cut, engrave (Jer. 17:1). 2. to work, labour, especially metals (Gen. 4:22, 1 K. 7:14). 3. to plough, till (Deut. 22:10, Job 1:14). 4. to be dumb, silent, inactive (Ps. 35:22, Ps. 28:1). 5. to be deaf (Mic. 7:16). Includes Hiphil forms: to be silent, keep silence, or to conceal (Gen. 34:5, Job 41:4).

Conjunction, Preposition, Verb Qal infinitive construct common

LXX: παρασιωπήσῃσ παρασιωπήσῃ κώφευσον ---% σιωπήσομαι

LXX Usage Statistics

H2790a:

παρασιωπήσῃσ 5× (6.6%)

παρασιωπήσῃ 5× (6.1%)

κώφευσον 4× (5.3%)

---% 4× (4.5%)

σιωπήσομαι 3× (4.0%)

ἠροτρία 2× (2.7%)

παρακούσῃσ 2× (2.7%)

ὑμῖν 2× (2.7%)

κωφεύσω 2× (2.7%)

ἀροτριαθήσεται 2× (2.7%)

חרישו חֲרִישׁוֹ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חריש

chârîysh

Definition

ploughing or its season

Root

from H2790 (חרש);

Exhaustive

from חרש; ploughing or its season; earing (time), ground.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2758

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חָרִישׁ

noun masculine • Root חרש • Strongs / High • Page 529

1. A field that is ploughed. 2. The time of ploughing.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חָרִישׁ

m. verbal • Root חרש • Page 249

a ploughing, time of ploughing: 1 Sam. 8: 12. Gen. 45: 6. Ex. 34: 21.

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H2758:

No stats available

ולקצר וְלִקְצֹר

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

קצר

qâtsar

Definition

to dock off, i.e. curtail (transitive or intransitive, literal or figurative); especially to harvest (grass or grain)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to dock off, i.e. curtail (transitive or intransitive, literal or figurative); especially to harvest (grass or grain); [idiom] at all, cut down, much discouraged, grieve, harvestman, lothe, mourn, reap(-er), (be, wax) short(-en, -er), straiten, trouble, vex.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7114

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קָצַר

verb • Root קצר • Strongs / High • Page 1291

tr. 1. to cut off, to reap, grain. 2. to lessen, to crop, to shorten.

קָצַר

verb • Root קצר • Strongs / High • Page 1292

To be short, curtailed. (Intransitive meaning related to being short/brief in patience or duration.)

קָצַר

verb • Root קצר • Strongs / High • Page 1292

II. (Not used) intransitive; same as another verb (which see), meaning to sprout, to grow.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

קָצַר

verb • Page 593

1. to cut down, particularly grain; hence to mow, reap (Jer. 12:13, Lev. 19:9). 2. intrans. to be short (Is. 28:20); also to be weak (Num. 11:23) or impatient (Num. 21:4).

Conjunction, Preposition, Verb Qal infinitive construct common

LXX: θερίζοντασ ὠλιγοψύχησεν θεριζόντων ἰσχύει θεριοῦσιν

LXX Usage Statistics

H7114b:

θερίζοντασ 3× (5.4%)

ὠλιγοψύχησεν 3× (5.4%)

θεριζόντων 3× (5.4%)

ἰσχύει 3× (5.0%)

θεριοῦσιν 2× (4.2%)

θερίσει 2× (4.2%)

ἀμήσῃσ 2× (4.2%)

θερίζειν 2× (3.3%)

θερίζητε 2× (3.3%)

קצירו קְצִירוֹ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

קציר

qâtsîyr

Definition

severed, i.e. harvest (as reaped), the crop, the time, the reaper, or figuratively; also a limb (of a tree, or simply foliage)

Root

from H7114 (קצר);

Exhaustive

from קצר; severed, i.e. harvest (as reaped), the crop, the time, the reaper, or figuratively; also a limb (of a tree, or simply foliage); bough, branch, harvest (man).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7105

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קָצִיר

c. m. prop. • Root קצר • Strongs / High • Page 1290

cutting, mowing, reaping; hence 1. harvest, of grain, harvest-time. 2. grain, crop. 3. concrete a harvest-man. 4. Figur. mowing, destruction. 5. a cutting, broken off branch; fig. for posterity.

קָצִיר

noun masculine • Root קצר • Strongs / High • Page 1291

1. reaping, harvest time. 2. harvest, crop, grain reaped.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

קָצִיר

noun masculine • Root קצר • Page 592

1. harvest. Gen. 8: 22. Hence the grain gathered in. Lev. 19: 9. 2. a bough, branch. Ps. 80: 12. Job 14: 9.

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: θερισμοῦ θερισμὸν ἀμήτῳ ἀμητὸν θερισμὸσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7105a:

θερισμοῦ 16× (29.5%)

θερισμὸν 7× (12.4%)

ἀμήτῳ 6× (9.3%)

ἀμητὸν 3× (5.8%)

θερισμὸσ 2× (3.9%)

ἄμητοσ 2× (3.3%)

αὐτῆσ 2× (2.7%)

---% 2× (2.3%)

ולעשות וְלַעֲשׂוֹת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

עשה

ʻâsâh

Definition

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application; accomplish, advance, appoint, apt, be at, become, bear, bestow, bring forth, bruise, be busy, [idiom] certainly, have the charge of, commit, deal (with), deck, [phrase] displease, do, (ready) dress(-ed), (put in) execute(-ion), exercise, fashion, [phrase] feast, (fight-) ing man, [phrase] finish, fit, fly, follow, fulfill, furnish, gather, get, go about, govern, grant, great, [phrase] hinder, hold (a feast), [idiom] indeed, [phrase] be industrious, [phrase] journey, keep, labour, maintain, make, be meet, observe, be occupied, offer, [phrase] officer, pare, bring (come) to pass, perform, pracise, prepare, procure, provide, put, requite, [idiom] sacrifice, serve, set, shew, [idiom] sin, spend, [idiom] surely, take, [idiom] thoroughly, trim, [idiom] very, [phrase] vex, be (warr-) ior, work(-man), yield, use.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6213

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עָשָׂה

verb • Root עשה • Strongs / High • Page 755

to make for

עָשָׂה

verb • Root עשה • Strongs / High • Page 1140

1. To do, to make, to form, to construct (e.g., an ark, altar, garments); to build up, to establish, to create. 2. To acquire (by labor); to make or procure a name (fame); to make money; to bring, to make (i.e., to be of use). Also, to prepare (food, sacrifice); to offer; to appoint, constitute to an office. 3. Metaphorically, to keep, to celebrate (a feast, e.g., Sabbath, Passover); to live through or spend the time of life; to perform, to practise, observe, to consider. 4. To do, generally without an object (good or evil); to deal with, execute upon. 5. Altogether generally to act, the interpretation being drawn from the context; to act considerately or falsely.

עָשָׂה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1141

To do, to make, to prepare, to work, to act, to perform, to effect. Also: to bring forth, to beget; to give milk; to bear fruit; to put forth shoots; to be made, created, sacrificed, executed; to be committed (a crime); to be celebrated (a festival); to happen, to become. (Includes Nif. passive, Pih. to press/squeeze, Puh. to be made/created).

עָשָׂה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1141

(unused) intr. to be shaggy, rough, rough-haired, of men; probably also of a rough, rugged forest-mountain.

עָשָׂה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1139

(I) tr. 1. To feel, to touch. 2. To labour = to do; to work; to create (of God); to accomplish; to execute (a vow or wrath); to make, to form, fabricari.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עָשַׂה

ii. in kal • Page 531

to press, squeeze, (the breast.) Ezekiel 23:21. (Chald. עֲשָׁא idem.)

עָשָׂה

verb • Root עשה • Page 530

To make, do, act. Extensive entry covering various nuances: 1. to make/do (Gen. 1:7); 2. to labour (Ex. 5:9); 3. to execute or accomplish (Ps. 37:5); 4. to prepare or dress food (Gen. 18:7); 5. to make or acquire riches (Gen. 31:1); 6. to pass or spend time (Ecc. 6:12); 7. to keep one's self or abide (Ruth 2:19); 8. to produce or bear fruit (Gen. 1:11); 9. to offer or present (Ex. 10:25); 10. to appoint to an office (1 Sam. 12:6); 11. to celebrate or keep a festival (Ex. 12:48).

עָשָׂה

verb • Page 532

1. to labour, fabricari. 2. to be made smooth or polished, to be bright, to shine. Jer. 5: 28. Hithpa. to think or be mindful of any one. Jon. 1: 6.

Conjunction, Preposition, Verb Qal infinitive construct common

LXX: ἐποίησεν ποιήσεισ ἐποίησαν ποιῆσαι ποιήσω

LXX Usage Statistics

H6213a:

ἐποίησεν 538× (20.3%)

ποιήσεισ 196× (7.3%)

ἐποίησαν 191× (7.2%)

ποιῆσαι 141× (5.2%)

ποιήσω 113× (4.3%)

ποιήσει 111× (4.2%)

'' 86× (2.9%)

ἐποίησασ 82× (3.2%)

ποιεῖν 79× (2.9%)

ποιήσετε 76× (2.9%)

כלי כְּלֵי־

a vessel/fashioned tool/instrument

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כלי

kᵉlîy

Definition

something prepared, i.e. any apparatus (as an implement, utensil, dress, vessel or weapon)

Root

from H3615 (כלה);

Exhaustive

from כלה; something prepared, i.e. any apparatus (as an implement, utensil, dress, vessel or weapon); armour(-bearer), artillery, bag, carriage, [phrase] furnish, furniture, instrument, jewel, that is made of, [idiom] one from another, that which pertaineth, pot, [phrase] psaltery, sack, stuff, thing, tool, vessel, ware, weapon, [phrase] whatsoever.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3627

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כְּלִי

noun masculine • Root כלה • Strongs / High • Page 701

Properly, anything made or prepared; hence generally a vessel, implement, or utensil. It can refer to a wide range of objects including seats, equipage, containers, temple vessels, garments, ornaments, yokes, boats, musical instruments, and weapons. Figuratively, it can mean a means, instrument, or plan.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כְּלִי

noun masculine • Root כלה • Page 318

A vessel, utensil; a cloth or garment (Deut. 22:5); an instrument or tool (2 Chr. 34:12); a vessel or boat (Is. 18:2); a weapon (Gen. 27:3).

Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX: σκεύη σκεῦοσ αὐτῆσ σκευῶν ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H3627:

σκεύη 174× (49.5%)

σκεῦοσ 34× (10.7%)

αὐτῆσ 18× (4.2%)

σκευῶν 17× (4.7%)

'' 12× (3.4%)

ὀργάνοισ 9× (2.4%)

σκεύει 8× (2.5%)

ὡσ 7× (2.2%)

ἀγγεῖον 6× (1.8%)

--- 5× (1.7%)

מלחמתו מִלְחַמְתּוֹ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מלחמה

milchâmâh

Definition

a battle (i.e. the engagement); generally, war (i.e. warfare)

Root

from H3898 (לחם) (in the sense of fighting);

Exhaustive

from לחם (in the sense of fighting); a battle (i.e. the engagement); generally, war (i.e. warfare); battle, fight(-ing), war(-rior).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4421

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מִלְחָמָה

noun feminine • Root לחם • Strongs / High • Page 856

war, fight, strife.

מִלְחָמָה

noun / feminine • Root לחם • Strongs / High • Page 857

War, battle. Figuratively used for warriors, weapons of war, armour, antagonism, opposition, a hostile house, and the reward of battle or victory.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִלְחָמָה

noun feminine • Root לחם • Page 379

1. War; עָשָׂה מִלְחָמָה to carry on war. אִישׁ מִלְחָמָה a man of war. 2. Battle, slaughter (Ex. 13:17). 3. By metonymy, a weapon (Ps. 76:4).

Noun common feminine singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: πόλεμον πόλεμοσ πολέμου πολέμῳ ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H4421:

πόλεμον 114× (34.5%)

πόλεμοσ 44× (13.5%)

πολέμου 34× (10.7%)

πολέμῳ 25× (6.7%)

'' 12× (3.5%)

πολεμιστὴσ 9× (2.9%)

πολεμισταὶ 9× (2.8%)

πολεμιστῶν 6× (1.8%)

pεἰσ 5× (1.7%)

πολεμισταί 5× (1.6%)

וכלי וּכְלֵי

and a vessel

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כלי

kᵉlîy

Definition

something prepared, i.e. any apparatus (as an implement, utensil, dress, vessel or weapon)

Root

from H3615 (כלה);

Exhaustive

from כלה; something prepared, i.e. any apparatus (as an implement, utensil, dress, vessel or weapon); armour(-bearer), artillery, bag, carriage, [phrase] furnish, furniture, instrument, jewel, that is made of, [idiom] one from another, that which pertaineth, pot, [phrase] psaltery, sack, stuff, thing, tool, vessel, ware, weapon, [phrase] whatsoever.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3627

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כְּלִי

noun masculine • Root כלה • Strongs / High • Page 701

Properly, anything made or prepared; hence generally a vessel, implement, or utensil. It can refer to a wide range of objects including seats, equipage, containers, temple vessels, garments, ornaments, yokes, boats, musical instruments, and weapons. Figuratively, it can mean a means, instrument, or plan.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כְּלִי

noun masculine • Root כלה • Page 318

A vessel, utensil; a cloth or garment (Deut. 22:5); an instrument or tool (2 Chr. 34:12); a vessel or boat (Is. 18:2); a weapon (Gen. 27:3).

Conjunction, Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX: σκεύη σκεῦοσ αὐτῆσ σκευῶν ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H3627:

σκεύη 174× (49.5%)

σκεῦοσ 34× (10.7%)

αὐτῆσ 18× (4.2%)

σκευῶν 17× (4.7%)

'' 12× (3.4%)

ὀργάνοισ 9× (2.4%)

σκεύει 8× (2.5%)

ὡσ 7× (2.2%)

ἀγγεῖον 6× (1.8%)

--- 5× (1.7%)

רכבו רִכְבּוֹ׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

רכב

rekeb

Definition

a vehicle; by implication, a team; by extension, cavalry; by analogy a rider, i.e. the upper millstone

Root

from H7392 (רכב);

Exhaustive

from רכב; a vehicle; by implication, a team; by extension, cavalry; by analogy a rider, i.e. the upper millstone; chariot, (upper) millstone, multitude (from the margin), wagon.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7393

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רֶכֶב

noun masculine • Root רכב • Strongs / High • Page 1338

A wagon, an easy chariot; commonly a war-chariot. Also, the upper millstone (the runner, Deut. 24, 6).

רֶכֶב

noun masculine • Root רכב • Strongs / High • Page 1338

Prop. union, and so a team, a draught (of horses, asses, camels), or a troop (of men or riders). (Derived from רָכַב II.)

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רַכָּב

noun masculine • Root רכב • Page 619

1. a horseman. 2 K. 9:17. 2. a charioteer, driver of a war chariot. 1 K. 22:34.

רֶכֶב

noun masculine • Root רכב • Page 619

1. cavalry. Is. 21:7. 2. a chariot or wagon. Judg. 5:28. Usually as a collective noun, chariots, a train of chariots, Gen. 50:9. Particularly war-chariots, Ex. 14:9. 3. the upper mill stone, the runner. Deut. 24:6. 2 Sam. 11:21.

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: ἅρματα ἁρμάτων ἅρμα ἅρμασιν ἀναβάτην

LXX Usage Statistics

H7393:

ἅρματα 38× (30.0%)

ἁρμάτων 27× (20.7%)

ἅρμα 13× (10.3%)

ἅρμασιν 9× (6.5%)

ἀναβάτην 5× (4.0%)

ἵπποσ 4× (3.1%)

ἵππον 3× (2.1%)

ἅρματοσ 3× (2.1%)

ἅρματι 3× (1.8%)

ἐφ' 2× (1.8%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And to set to himself captains of thousands and captains of fifties; and to plough his ploughing and to reap his harvest, and to do all his fighting and all his chariots.

LITV Translation:
And he will appoint for himself heads of thousands, and heads of fifties; and to plow his plowing, and to reap his reaping; and to make weapons for war for him, and weapons for his charioteer.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
and his manner shall be to make them to himself captains of hundreds and captains of thousands; and to reap his harvest, and gather his vintage, and prepare his instruments of war, and the implements of his chariots.