1 Samuel 20:24

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ויסתר וַיִּסָּתֵר

and he is concealing

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

סתר

çâthar

Definition

to hide (by covering), literally or figuratively

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to hide (by covering), literally or figuratively; be absent, keep close, conceal, hide (self), (keep) secret, [idiom] surely.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5641

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

סָתַר

verb • Root סתר • Strongs / High • Page 1040

To hide oneself, to keep oneself hidden, i.e., apart; to be imperceptible. As Hebr. סָתַר to hide, to cover, to keep secret.

סָתַר

verb • Root סתר • Strongs / High • Page 1040

II. (Aram. tr.) To cast asunder, to destroy, to reduce to ruins, disjicere, destruere; metaphor: to refute.

סָתַר

verb • Root סתר • Strongs / High • Page 1039

(Kal not used) tr. to cover, to veil, to close up, hide, conceal; to keep secret, to keep in ignorance; to protect or cover about (of a shield); also reflex. to cover, protect, secure oneself, to hide oneself.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

סָתַר

verb • Page 483

To hide or conceal one's self.

סָתַר

verb • Root סתר • Page 484

To hide, conceal. Appears in various stems: Kal (Prov. 22:3); Niph. to be concealed (Job 3:23, Ps. 38:10, Is. 40:27) or to hide one's self (1 Sam. 20:5, Ps. 55:13, Gen. 4:14); Pi. to hide, conceal (Is. 16:3); Pu. to be concealed, secret (Prov. 27:5); Hiph. (הִסְתִּיר) to cover, hide (Ex. 3:6, Is. 53:3, Ps. 10:11) or to keep secret (1 Sam. 20:2); Hithpa. (הִסְתַּתֵּר) to hide one's self (1 Sam. 23:19, 26:1, Is. 29:14).

conjunctive, Verb Niphal sequential imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ἀπέστρεψα ἀποστρέψῃσ ἀπέστρεψεν ἀποστρέψω ἐκρύβη

LXX Usage Statistics

H5641:

ἀπέστρεψα 6× (6.9%)

ἀποστρέψῃσ 4× (5.0%)

ἀπέστρεψεν 4× (5.0%)

ἀποστρέψω 4× (4.8%)

ἐκρύβη 3× (3.8%)

κέκρυπται 3× (3.8%)

κρυβήσομαι 3× (3.6%)

---% 3× (3.0%)

ἀποστρέψεισ 2× (2.5%)

ἀπέστρεψασ 2× (2.5%)

דוד דָּוד

David

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

דוד

Dâvid

Definition

David, the youngest son of Jesse

Root

rarely (fully); דויד; from the same as H1730 (דוד); loving;

Exhaustive

rarely (fully); דויד; from the same as דוד; loving; David, the youngest son of Jesse; David.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1732

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

דָּוִד

proper noun • Root דוד • Strongs / High • Page 358

Proper noun of the famous Israelite king, founder of a dynasty (1055-1015 B.C.) and chief composer of the Psalter. Meaning loving, joiner, or beloved.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

דָּוִד

noun masculine • Root , דוד • Page 158

David, son of Jesse, king of Israel. 1 Sam. xvi. ff. 2 Sam. 1 Chr. xii.-xxx. Zion, 1 K. 3:1. The posterity of David, the royal family, Is. 7:2, 13.

Noun proper name masculine

LXX: δαυιδ '' --- ὡσ αὐτοῦ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1732:

δαυιδ 966× (90.3%)

'' 45× (3.7%)

--- 28× (2.7%)

ὡσ 9× (0.9%)

αὐτοῦ 2× (0.2%)

ψαλμὸσ 2× (0.2%)

βασιλεὺσ 2× (0.2%)

βασιλεῖ 2× (0.2%)

בשדה בַּשָּׂדֶה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שדה

sâdeh

Definition

a field (as flat)

Root

or שדי; from an unused root meaning to spread out;

Exhaustive

or שדי; from an unused root meaning to spread out; a field (as flat); country, field, ground, land, soil, [idiom] wild.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7704

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׂדֶה

noun masculine • Root שדד • Strongs / High • Page 1384

(from שָׂדַד II.; only pl. שָׂדִים) m. a wide-stretching plain, a tract of land, prop. an extension; hence the pl. שָׂדִים (open fields, plains).

שָׂדֶה

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1386

1. A field, opposed to a city, village, or camp; the open field, belonging to the land; of animals, wild, untamed. 2. Metaphorically, the field surrounding a city, district, or territory belonging to a city; open country, in opposition to the metropolis.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שְׁדָה

chald. ithpa. • Page 657

to exert one's self, construed with לְ. Dan. 6: 15.

שָׂדֶה

noun masculine • Root שדה • Page 634

1. a field, cultivated ground. Gen. 23:17. 2. a field generally, e.g. beasts of the field. Is. 43:20. 3. a country, territory. Gen. 14:7. 4. plain, e.g. שְׂדֵה-אֲרָם plain of Syria. Hos. 12:13.

שִׁדָּה

noun feminine • Root שד • Page 656

Literally a lady, princess; whence a wife or concubine. Found in Ecc. 2: 8.

Preposition -Within Art, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ἀγροῦ ἀγρῷ ἀγρὸν πεδίῳ πεδίου

LXX Usage Statistics

H7704b:

ἀγροῦ 79× (23.4%)

ἀγρῷ 44× (11.4%)

ἀγρὸν 32× (9.5%)

πεδίῳ 29× (7.1%)

πεδίου 23× (6.6%)

πεδίον 15× (4.0%)

ἀγρόν 13× (3.7%)

pεἰσ 11× (3.7%)

ἀγροὶ 9× (2.7%)

ἀγροὺσ 8× (2.4%)

ויהי וַיְהִי

and he is being

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

היה

hâyâh

Definition

to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

Root

a primitive root (compare H1933 (הוא));

Exhaustive

a primitive root (compare הוא); to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary); beacon, [idiom] altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, [phrase] follow, happen, [idiom] have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, [idiom] use.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1961

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הָיָה

verb • Root היה • Strongs / High • Page 397

To be, to exist, to live, to become. A substantive verb used to unite a subject and predicate. It can also mean to happen, to arise, or to belong to. Used in a wide variety of grammatical constructions.

הָיָה

verb • Root היה • Strongs / High • Page 591

To be, to become, to exist. The common Hebrew verb for 'to be', considered the root of the divine name.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הַיָּה

noun feminine • Page 185

Keri הַוָּה suffering, calamity. Job 6: 2; 30: 13.

הָיָה

verb • Page 184

1. To be (Ex. 20:3, Num. 10:31, etc.); 2. to become (Ex. 4:4, Hos. 3:3, etc.); 3. to happen (Is. 19:15).

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ἔσται ἐγένετο ἦν ἐγενήθη ἔσονται

LXX Usage Statistics

H1961:

ἔσται 827× (22.9%)

ἐγένετο 634× (16.8%)

ἦν 280× (7.9%)

ἐγενήθη 215× (5.8%)

ἔσονται 160× (4.5%)

ἦσαν 134× (3.8%)

ἐγένοντο 83× (2.3%)

'' 74× (1.9%)

--- 73× (2.2%)

εἶναι 67× (1.7%)

החדש הַחֹדֶשׁ

the New Moon

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

חדש

chôdesh

Definition

the new moon; by implication, a month

Root

from H2318 (חדש);

Exhaustive

from חדש; the new moon; by implication, a month; month(-ly), new moon.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2320

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חֹדֶשׁ

noun / masculine • Root חדש • Strongs / High • Page 462

1. The new moon, the time of the new moon, a festival. 2. A month. 3. A sword. 4. One born at the new moon.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חֹדֶשׁ

m. verbal • Root חדש • Page 216

1. the new-moon, the first day on which the moon is visible, kept as a festival. Num. 29:6. 1 Sam. 20:5. 2. a month, which the Hebrews began with the new moon. Gen. 7:11, etc.

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: μηνὸσ μηνὶ μῆνασ μῆνα μηνόσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2320:

μηνὸσ 87× (30.5%)

μηνὶ 65× (21.1%)

μῆνασ 16× (6.4%)

μῆνα 13× (4.9%)

μηνόσ 13× (4.7%)

μὴν 10× (3.5%)

μηνιαίου 10× (3.6%)

νουμηνίασ 8× (2.4%)

--- 8× (3.3%)

μηνῶν 5× (2.1%)

וישב וַיֵּשֶׁב

and he is sitting

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ישב

yâshab

Definition

properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry; (make to) abide(-ing), continue, (cause to, make to) dwell(-ing), ease self, endure, establish, [idiom] fail, habitation, haunt, (make to) inhabit(-ant), make to keep (house), lurking, [idiom] marry(-ing), (bring again to) place, remain, return, seat, set(-tle), (down-) sit(-down, still, -ting down, -ting (place) -uate), take, tarry.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3427

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָשַׁב

verb • Root ישב • Strongs / High • Page 656

To sit, remain, dwell. The fundamental meaning is to keep firmly in a place, to hold it firmly, to possess it, and therefore to sit. Piel (יִשֵּׁב): to pitch a dwelling. Hifil (הוֹשִׁיב): to cause to sit, to cause to dwell, to cause to be inhabited. Hophal (הוּשַׁב): to be inhabited, to be made to dwell, to be settled in.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָשַׁב

verb • Root ישב • Page 301

1. To seat one's self, to sit (Ps. 9:8, Ps. 80:2, Is. 37:16). Includes sitting as a judge (Ps. 9:8) or lying in wait (Ps. 10:8). 2. To continue (Gen. 24:55, 29:19, Hos. 3:3). 3. To dwell (Gen. 13:6, Gen. 4:20, Ps. 22:4). 4. Passive: to be inhabited or habitable (Is. 13:20, Jer. 17:6). Niph. נוֹשַׁב to be inhabited (Ex. 16:35).

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: κατοικοῦντασ κατοικοῦντεσ ἐκάθισεν ἐκάθισαν κατῴκησεν

LXX Usage Statistics

H3427:

κατοικοῦντασ 88× (7.4%)

κατοικοῦντεσ 80× (6.4%)

ἐκάθισεν 61× (5.4%)

ἐκάθισαν 37× (3.4%)

κατῴκησεν 34× (3.1%)

ἐκάθητο 29× (2.8%)

κατῴκησαν 28× (2.6%)

κατῴκει 24× (2.3%)

κατοικοῦσιν 23× (2.0%)

κατοικεῖν 23× (2.2%)

המלך הַמֶּלֶךְ

the King

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מלך

melek

Definition

a king

Root

from H4427 (מלך);

Exhaustive

from מלך; a king; king, royal.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4428

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מֶלֶךְ

masculine noun • Root מלך • Strongs / High • Page 859

A king, ruler; properly an abstract concept of rule or government, but commonly used concretely. It can refer to a king of a land, city, people, or tribe. The term is also applied to Jehovah, idols, and animals distinguished for strength. It can also mean an adviser or counsellor, and is used as a proper name.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מֶלֶךְ

noun masculine • Page 380

a king. Ezek. 26: 7. 'the king of kings,' a title of the king of Babylon. Spoken frequently of Jehovah, Ps. 5: 3, and of false gods, Am. 5: 26.

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: βασιλεὺσ βασιλέωσ βασιλέα βασιλεῖ βασιλεῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4428:

βασιλεὺσ 631× (23.4%)

βασιλέωσ 546× (20.5%)

βασιλέα 419× (15.7%)

βασιλεῖ 196× (7.1%)

βασιλεῖσ 133× (4.9%)

βασιλεύσ 100× (3.5%)

--- 77× (3.2%)

'' 66× (2.3%)

βασιλέων 63× (2.4%)

βασιλεῦσιν 46× (1.6%)

על עַל

upon/against/yoke

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

על

ʻal

Definition

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Root

properly, the same as H5920 (על) used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as על used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications; above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5921

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַל

adjective / noun • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

Highest; same as עֶלְיוֹן. This form is abridged from עָלָה and derived from עָלַי (like יַד from יָדָה I.), serving as the construct form עֲלֵי (out of עֲלַאי).

עַל

preposition / adverb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

A preposition: upon, over, above, super, in the widest sense. It expresses protecting, covering, resting above upon (answering to 'where'); motion toward the upper surface (answering to 'whither?'); local direction to a more distant agency; or proximity/timing ('with, at'). Used figuratively as dat. commodi and incommodi, meaning a burden or duty upon one, or with certain verbs replacing the dative case. Also expresses motion down upon or up to, sometimes interchanging with אֶל.

עַל

preposition / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 1089

Preposition or Adverb meaning upon, over, at, above (denoting physical overtopping or mental superiority/dominion); expressing addition (to, reckoned to); proximity (by, around); suitability (according to); or occasionally used concessively (though, quanquam).

עַל

preposition / particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Properly, over, upon, concerning, notwithstanding, against, towards, for the sake of, on account of. Used to express position, antithesis, or distance (away from). After certain verbs, signifies giving way, removing, or fleeing. Also forms various compound particles (e.g., עַל-מָה, עַל-כֵּן, עַל אֲשֶׁר).

עַל

preposition (aramaic) • Root אלא • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew עַל. Means: Upon, over, on account of, unto, against, or dative. (Used with suffixes like עָלַי, עָלֵךְ, עֲלֵיהוֹן).

עַל

noun / prepos. • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה, listed as a noun and a preposition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַל

substantive / adverb / adjective • Root עלה • Page 507

Strictly a substantive meaning whatever is high or uppermost (Hos. 7:16, 11:7). Used as an adverb: (1.) 'above' (Gen. 27:39, 49:25; Ps. 50:4). Used as an adjective: (2.) 'high' (2 Sam. 23:1).

Preposition

LXX: ἐπὶ ἐπ' ἐφ' τοῦτο ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5921a:

ἐπὶ 1722× (33.1%)

ἐπ' 701× (13.4%)

ἐφ' 195× (3.7%)

τοῦτο 116× (1.9%)

'' 116× (1.9%)

περὶ 113× (2.2%)

ἀπὸ 108× (2.1%)

--- 108× (2.1%)

αὐτοὺσ 95× (1.6%)

εἰσ 93× (1.8%)

הלחם הַלֶּחֶם

the Bread-Loaf

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

לחם

lechem

Definition

food (for man or beast), especially bread, or grain (for making it)

Root

from H3898 (לחם); See also H1036 (בית לעפרה)

Exhaustive

from לחם; See also בית לעפרה; food (for man or beast), especially bread, or grain (for making it); (shew-) bread, [idiom] eat, food, fruit, loaf, meat, victuals.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3899

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֶחֶם

common noun • Root לחם • Strongs / High • Page 782

Food for men or animals; hence applied to manna, sacrificial food, fruits of the earth, bread-corn, grain, wheat, sustenance.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֶחֶם

noun masculine • Root לחם • Page 345

war, a besieging. Judg. 5:8. i. e. they besieged the gates.

לֶחֶם

noun masculine • Root לחם • Page 345

1. food. לֶחֶם אֱלֹהִים the food of God (Lev. 21:8). 2. bread. לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים the shew-bread (Ex. 25:30).

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ἄρτον ἄρτουσ ἄρτων ἄρτου ἄρτοι

LXX Usage Statistics

H3899:

ἄρτον 82× (26.8%)

ἄρτουσ 53× (16.5%)

ἄρτων 30× (9.0%)

ἄρτου 23× (7.7%)

ἄρτοι 16× (5.0%)

ἄρτοσ 15× (4.7%)

--- 15× (5.1%)

ἄρτοισ 9× (2.8%)

δῶρα 6× (1.8%)

τροφὴν 4× (1.3%)

לאכול לֶאֱכוֹל׃

to eat

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אכל

ʼâkal

Definition

to eat (literally or figuratively)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to eat (literally or figuratively); [idiom] at all, burn up, consume, devour(-er, up), dine, eat(-er, up), feed (with), food, [idiom] freely, [idiom] in...wise(-deed, plenty), (lay) meat, [idiom] quite.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H398

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָכַל

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 123

prop. to annihilate, to rub away, hence 1. to eat, applied to men. 2. to animals, figuratively, to devour somewhat.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָכַל

verb • Page 48

1. To eat; applied to men and animals. Figuratively applied to the sword, fire, hunger, and pestilence. 2. To consume, destroy (Deut. 7:16; Jer. 10:25). 3. To enjoy (Prov. 30:20). Includes various forms: Niph. (to be eaten), Pu. (to be consumed), Hiph. (to feed/cause to eat), Hoph. (to be made shorter).

Preposition, Verb Qal infinitive construct common

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0398:

No stats available

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And David will hide in the field: and it will be the new moon, and the king will sit down to the bread to eat.

LITV Translation:
And David was hidden in the field. And it was the new moon. And the king sat down by the food to eat.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
So David hides himself in the field, and the new month arrives, and the king comes to the table to eat.