1 Samuel 2:4

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

קשת קֶשֶׁת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

קשת

qesheth

Definition

a bow, forshooting (hence, figuratively, strength) or the iris

Root

from H7185 (קשה) in the original sense (of H6983 (קוש)) of bending;

Exhaustive

from קשה in the original sense (of קוש) of bending; a bow, forshooting (hence, figuratively, strength) or the iris; [idiom] arch(-er), [phrase] arrow, bow(-man, -shot).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7198

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קֶשֶׁת

noun / feminine • Root קשה • Strongs / High • Page 1306

A bow (pl. קְשָׁתוֹת); the same as the noun קֶשֶׁת.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

קֶשֶׁת

com. gen. • Page 600

1. a bow, to shoot with. Gen. 48:22. Ps. 18:35. 2. as a collect. archers. Is. 21:17. 2. a rain-bow. Gen. 9:13 ff. 3. the song of the bow, the title of the elegy on Saul and Jonathan. 2 Sam. 1:18.

קַשָּׁת

m. denom. • Root קשת • Page 600

an archer. Gen. 21:20.

Noun common both singular construct

LXX: τόξον τόξα τόξῳ τόξοισ τόξου

LXX Usage Statistics

H7198:

τόξον 42× (54.6%)

τόξα 7× (7.9%)

τόξῳ 6× (6.3%)

τόξοισ 4× (4.8%)

τόξου 3× (4.2%)

τοξόται 3× (4.0%)

--- 2× (2.8%)

ὡσ 2× (2.8%)

τοξευμάτων 2× (2.4%)

גברים גִּבֹּרים

warriors

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

גבור

gibbôwr

Definition

powerful; by implication, warrior, tyrant

Root

or גבר; (shortened) intensive from the same as H1397 (גבר);

Exhaustive

or גבר; (shortened) intensive from the same as גבר; powerful; by implication, warrior, tyrant; champion, chief, [idiom] excel, giant, man, mighty (man, one), strong (man), valiant man.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1368

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גִּבּוֹר

adjective • Root גבר • Strongs / High • Page 295

Strong, powerful, mighty, omnipotent; valiant, heroic, warlike. Used as a substantive for a strong one, a warrior, a hero. Metaphorically, an active, valiant, or upright man. In a bad sense, a violent man.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

גִּבּוֹר

adjective / noun • Root גבר • Page 125

1. strong, mighty. Gen. 10:8. Ps. 112 : 2. Hence spoken of God, Deut. 10: 17. 2. brave, valiant, and substantively a hero. 2 Sam. 17:8. Gen. 10: 9. Frequently in the phrase גִּבּוֹר חַיִל brave hero, mighty man of valour, Judg. 6: 12. 11: 1. 1 Sam. 16: 18. 2 K. 5: 1. 3. one great in substance, a man of wealth. 1 Sam. 9: 1. Ruth 2: 1. 2 K. 15: 20. also an active, enterprising man. 1 K. 11: 28. Neh. 11: 14. 4. particularly, leader of an army. 2 Sam. 23: 8. 1 K. 1: 8. 1 Chr. 29: 24. 2 Chr. 32 : 3. also generally, a leader, chief, 1 Chr. 9: 26. 5. in a bad sense, violent, tyrannical. Ps. 52 : 3. 126: 4.

Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: δυνατοὶ δυνατὸσ ἰσχυροὶ δυνατῶν γίγασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1368:

δυνατοὶ 19× (11.6%)

δυνατὸσ 15× (9.3%)

ἰσχυροὶ 12× (7.5%)

δυνατῶν 12× (6.5%)

γίγασ 6× (3.6%)

δυνατοῖσ 6× (3.3%)

ὡσ 6× (3.7%)

μαχηταὶ 5× (2.7%)

δυνατοὺσ 5× (2.9%)

δυνατὸν 4× (2.6%)

חתים חַתּים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חת

chath

Definition

concretely, crushed; also afraid; abstractly, terror

Root

from H2865 (חתת);

Exhaustive

from חתת; concretely, crushed; also afraid; abstractly, terror; broken, dismayed, dread, fear.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2844

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חַת

adjective / substantive • Root חתת • Strongs / High • Page 544

1. (adj. m.) dismayed, terrified, fearful. 2. (subst.) fear, dread.

חַת

adjective • Root חתת • Strongs / High • Page 547

terror, dread. A derivative of חָתַת.

חַת

proper name • Root חתת • Strongs / High • Page 547

A proper name.

חַת

adjective / noun • Root חתת • Strongs / High • Page 548

fearful, a fearful state.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חַת

noun masculine • Root חתת • Page 256

1. adj. broken, spoken of the bow. 1 Sam. 2:4. 2. terrified, dismayed. Jer. 46:5. 3. subst. fear, dread. Gen. 9:2. 4. proper name, children of Heth, a Hittite tribe. Gen. 23:7.

Adjective adjective masculine plural absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H2844b:

No stats available

ונכשלים וְנִכְשָׁלים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כשל

kâshal

Definition

to totter or waver (through weakness of the legs, especially the ankle); by implication, to falter, stumble, faint or fall

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to totter or waver (through weakness of the legs, especially the ankle); by implication, to falter, stumble, faint or fall; bereave (from the margin), cast down, be decayed, (cause to) fail, (cause, make to) fall (down, -ing), feeble, be (the) ruin(-ed, of), (be) overthrown, (cause to) stumble, [idiom] utterly, be weak.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3782

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כָּשַׁל

verb • Root כשל • Strongs / High • Page 745

To totter, waver, faint, stagger from weakness, fall, sink, stumble upon a person or thing, be weak or weary. Figuratively, to sin.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כָּשַׁל

verb • Page 333

1. To shake, totter, to be weak, feeble. Ps. 109: 24; Is. 35: 3. 2. To stumble, to trip in walking. Ps. 27: 2; Is. 31: 3. Niph: to totter. Pi: to cause to totter, make feeble. Lam. 1: 14. Hiph: to cause to stumble or fall. 2 Chr. 25: 8.

Conjunction, Verb Niphal participle active masculine plural absolute

LXX: ἀσθενήσουσιν ἠσθένησαν ἠσθένησεν ἀσθενήσει ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H3782:

ἀσθενήσουσιν 8× (12.2%)

ἠσθένησαν 5× (8.3%)

ἠσθένησεν 4× (6.6%)

ἀσθενήσει 3× (4.2%)

'' 3× (4.2%)

ἀνίσχυεσ 2× (3.3%)

κοπιάσουσιν 2× (3.1%)

ἀσθενῶν 2× (3.1%)

προσκόψουσι 2× (2.8%)

ἔσονται 2× (2.8%)

אזרו אָזְרוּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אזר

ʼâzar

Definition

to belt

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to belt; bind (compass) about, gird (up, with).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H247

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָזַר

verb • Root אזר • Strongs_Numbers • Page 92

Properly to bind, to bind about, hence to gird, gird about; to equip.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָזַר

verb • Page 36

1. to gird, to gird up or about; spoken of a garment (Job 30:18, Job 38:3). 2. to gird on, to gird one's self (1 Sam. 2:4, 2 K. 1:8). Niph. to be girded about (Ps. 65:7). Pi. to gird (Ps. 18:33, 40). Hithpa. to gird, arm one's self (Is. 8:9, Ps. 93:1).

Verb Qal perfect third person common plural

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0247:

No stats available

חיל חָיִל׃

a force

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חיל

chayil

Definition

probably a force, whether of men, means or other resources; an army, wealth, virtue, valor, strength

Root

from H2342 (חול);

Exhaustive

from חול; probably a force, whether of men, means or other resources; an army, wealth, virtue, valor, strength; able, activity, ([phrase]) army, band of men (soldiers), company, (great) forces, goods, host, might, power, riches, strength, strong, substance, train, ([phrase]) valiant(-ly), valour, virtuous(-ly), war, worthy(-ily).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2428

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חַיִל

noun masculine • Root חול • Strongs / High • Page 480

1. strength, might, of body; power. 2. crowd, train, multitude, army, host. 3. Figuratively: integrity, ability, uprightness. 4. Metaphorically: substance, riches, wealth, goods.

חַיִל

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 481

1. A collateral form for חֵיל (host). 2. Fortress, fort. 3. Fortress of the sea (conseque).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חַיִל

noun masculine • Root חול • Page 226

See חוּל.

חַיִל

m. constr. חֵיל / plur. חֵילִים / dec. vi. β. • Root חול • Page 226

1. power, strength, courage (Ps. 18:33). 2. a military force, a host (Ex. 14:28). 3. substance, riches, wealth (Gen. 34:29). 4. figuratively integrity, virtue (Gen. 47:6, Prov. 12:4). 5. the strength of a tree, poetically for its fruit (Joel 2:22).

חַיִל

m. chald. • Page 226

1. strength (Dan. 3:4). 2. a host (Dan. 3:20, 4:32).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: δυνάμεωσ δύναμιν δυνάμει δύναμισ ἰσχύι

LXX Usage Statistics

H2428:

δυνάμεωσ 46× (18.7%)

δύναμιν 39× (15.8%)

δυνάμει 23× (9.2%)

δύναμισ 22× (8.6%)

ἰσχύι 13× (5.3%)

ἰσχύοσ 7× (2.9%)

δυνατοί 7× (3.1%)

'' 6× (2.3%)

ἰσχὺν 6× (2.3%)

δυνάμεων 4× (1.6%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
The bows of the mighty being broken, and the weak were girded with strength.

LITV Translation:
Bows of the mighty are broken; and they that stumble gird on strength.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
The bow of the mighty has waxed feeble, And the weak have girded themselves with strength.