1 Samuel 19:16

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ויבאו וַיָּבֹאוּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

בוא

bôwʼ

Definition

to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H935

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בּוֹא

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 224

1. To go, to wander; usually with announcing the limit of one's going. 2. To arrive, to come at (distinguished from הָלַךְ in expressing the limit of going). In this sense metaphorically: a) to be born, to appear; b) to reach to one, to be equal to him; c) to reach inanimate things; d) to come upon, to fall upon (suddenly), e.g., of an enemy or calamity; e) to come to pass, to be fulfilled (of wishes, promises); f) of inanimate things, to come near; g) applied to time; h) with the preposition בְּ, to come with somewhat, i.e., to bring.

בּוֹא

verb • Root בוא • Strongs_Numbers • Page 225

To go in, to enter, to come; to arrive; to go down (of the sun).

בּוֹא

verb • Root בוא • Strongs_Numbers • Page 755

to come to

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בּוֹא

verb • Page 88

1. to go or come in, to enter. Gen. 6:18. Frequently opposed to יָצָא. 2. to lie with a woman, inire feminam. Gen. 16:2. 3. spoken of the sun, to set, go down (below the horizon). Gen. 15:17. 28:11.

בּוֹא

verb • Page 89

To go in, to enter, to come. Includes many specific idioms: to conduct oneself (Josh. 15:18); to come in as revenue (1 K. 10:14); to enter into a covenant (2 Chr. 15:12); to come upon someone or befall them (Lam. 1:10); to come to pass or be fulfilled (Prov. 13:12); to bring something (with ב, Ps. 66:13); to obtain (Ps. 69:28). Hiphil: to bring in, carry in, or lead (2 Sam. 9:10). Hophal: passive (Lev. 10:18).

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person masculine plural

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0935:

No stats available

המלאכים הַמַּלְאָכִים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מלאך

mălʼâk

Definition

a messenger; specifically, of God, i.e. an angel (also a prophet, priest or teacher)

Root

from an unused root meaning to despatch as a deputy;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to despatch as a deputy; a messenger; specifically, of God, i.e. an angel (also a prophet, priest or teacher); ambassador, angel, king, messenger.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4397

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מַלְאָךְ

noun masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 853

Properly abstract, execution, service, performance, sending; usually concrete: 1. A messenger, one sent, chiefly human, a herald, a royal messenger. 2. Metaphorically, an angel (ἄγγελος), i.e. a messenger or representative of God; sometimes referring to the Deity Himself; also an interceding angel or angel of destruction; also a prophet or priest.

Matched via consonantal key only

מַלְאָךְ

noun masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 853

The same (Aramaic form, used in Dan. 3, 28; 6, 23).

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מַלְאָךְ

m. verbal • Root לאך • Page 378

1. a messenger. Job 1:14. 1 Sam. 11:3. 2. particularly a messenger of God; an angel. Gen. 16:7. 21:17. 22:11,15. (2.) a prophet, or a priest. Hag. 1:13. Mal. 2:7. 3:1. Ecc. 5:5. (3.) the Israelitish people. Is. 42:19.

Particle definite article, Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: ἄγγελοσ ἀγγέλουσ ἄγγελον ἄγγελοι ἀγγέλων

LXX Usage Statistics

H4397:

ἄγγελοσ 77× (34.0%)

ἀγγέλουσ 46× (22.7%)

ἄγγελον 23× (10.1%)

ἄγγελοι 18× (8.1%)

ἀγγέλων 9× (4.0%)

ἀγγέλου 6× (3.0%)

ἀγγέλῳ 6× (2.6%)

--- 5× (2.5%)

ἀγγέλοισ 4× (1.7%)

πρέσβεισ 3× (1.5%)

והנה וְהִנֵּה

And behold!

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

הנה

hinnêh

Definition

lo!

Root

prolongation for H2005 (הן);

Exhaustive

prolongation for הן; lo!; behold, lo, see.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2009

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הִנֵּה

adverb / interjection / demonstrative pronoun • Root הן • Consonantal / Medium • Page 408

A demonstrative particle, functioning as an adverb or interjection. Its primary meanings are there, here, behold!, lo!. It points to a definite existence or presence (e.g., 'is there', 'was there'), and is frequently used with suffixes (הִנְנִי, behold me; הִנְךָ, behold you). Before participles, it adds demonstrative liveliness. It can also function as a mere exclamation or mean 'if'.

Matched via consonantal key only

הֵנָּה

personal pronoun • Consonantal / Medium • Page 408

They (feminine). A 3rd person plural feminine personal pronoun. Related to הֵן I.

Matched via consonantal key only

הֵנָּה

adverb • Root הן • Consonantal / Medium • Page 408

An adverb of place and time. 1. hither, to this place, often used after verbs of motion or to add the idea of motion. Can also mean 'thus far' or 'of time till now'. 2. here, in this place.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הִנֵּה

interjection • Page 191

see! behold! Very frequent. (Gen. 19:2; Dan. 12:5; 1 K. 20:40).

Conjunction, Particle interjection

LXX: ἰδοὺ --- ἰδού '' ἦν

LXX Usage Statistics

H2009:

ἰδοὺ 634× (73.5%)

--- 25× (3.1%)

ἰδού 14× (1.6%)

'' 12× (1.3%)

ἦν 9× (0.9%)

ἐστιν 8× (0.8%)

ὅτι 7× (0.9%)

ἰδου 7× (0.8%)

νῦν 6× (0.7%)

ὧδε 6× (0.7%)

התרפים הַתְּרָפים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

תרפים

tᵉrâphîym

Definition

Teraphim (singular or plural) a family idol

Root

plural from H7495 (רפא); a healer;

Exhaustive

plural from רפא; a healer; Teraphim (singular or plural) a family idol; idols(-atry), images, teraphim.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8655

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

תְּרָפִים

masc. plur. prop. • Root תרף • Consonantal / Low • Page 1533

(only plur.; from תָּרַף II.) masc. plur. prop. maintainer, nourisher, fosterer, then a kind of household-gods, Penates. Used as tutelary deities (GEN. 31, 19 34 35) and oracles (Hos. 3, 4).

Matched after stripping common prefixes

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

תְּרָפִים

masc. plur. • Page 727

A kind of penates or household gods used for domestic oracles. Often human-sized images. References: Gen. 31:19, 34; 1 Sam. 19:13, 16; Hos. 3:4.

Particle definite article, Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: θεραφιν εἴδωλα κενοτάφια

LXX Usage Statistics

H8655:

θεραφιν 7× (45.3%)

εἴδωλα 3× (21.0%)

κενοτάφια 2× (14.0%)

אל אֶל־

toward

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אל

ʼêl

Definition

near, with or among; often in general, to

Root

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.

Exhaustive

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.; near, with or among; often in general, to; about, according to, after, against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and, by, concerning, for, from, [idiom] hath, in(-to), near, (out) of, over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether, with(-in).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H413

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵל

pronominal stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Aramaic demonstrative pronoun, same as Hebrew II. in a variety of senses.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

God (used in proper names like טָבְאֵל).

אֵל

noun • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Used as a groundform for אַלִי.

אֵל

pronoun demonstrative • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Pronominal stem abridged from 'ela, a demonstrative vocable. Demonstrative pronoun plural 'these'. A stronger form than 'ela, namely 'elle. Often found with the article הָאֵל (these).

אֵל

pronoun • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Aramaic equivalent to the Hebrew אֵל II. Found only in Ezr. 5, 15 K'ri, for which the K'tib has אֵלֶּה synonymous with the Targumic אִלֵּךְ.

אֵל

noun masculine • Root איל אול • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

A very old Semitic name of the highest deity, which already appears in the pre-historic period: God. Stands both for the God of the Hebrews (Jehovah), gods of another nation, or idols. Also means 'strong' or 'mighty'.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 130

God, Deity; applied to the true God, pagan gods, or in proper names. Also denotes strength, might, or power (e.g., in the phrase 'it is in the power of my hand').

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Collateral form of pronoun demonstrative אֵל (these).

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Construct of אֶל I. (preposition 'to', 'towards').

אֵל

abbreviation • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

An abbreviation of God in proper names, e.g. אֶלְעָלָא, אֶלְזָבָד.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

אֵל

m. verbal / dec. i. a. • Root אול • Page 49

1. strong, mighty (Ezek. 31:11). 2. strength, power (Gen. 31:29; Prov. 3:27). 3. most frequently God, applied both to Jehovah and heathen gods (Is. 44:10).

אֵל

pronoun • Page 49

pronoun plural; i. q. אֵלֶּה [these]. Also appears in the form הָאֵל.

אֵל

chald. • Page 50

Chald. idem. Ezra 5:15 Keri.

Preposition

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0413:

No stats available

המטה הַמִּטָּה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מטה

miṭṭâh

Definition

a bed (as extended) forsleeping or eating; by analogy, a sofa, litter or bier

Root

from H5186 (נטה);

Exhaustive

from נטה; a bed (as extended) forsleeping or eating; by analogy, a sofa, litter or bier; bed(-chamber), bier.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4296

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מִטָּה

noun feminine • Root נטה • Strongs / High • Page 841

That on which one leans or reclines, hence a bed, bolster, table-couch, sofa, litter, palanquin, bier, or a store-room.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִטָּה

noun feminine • Root נטה • Page 371

1. a bed (Gen. 47: 31). 2. a cushion to sit upon at meals (Est. 1: 6). 3. a portable bed, litter, sedan (Cant. 3: 7). 4. a bier (2 Sam. 3: 31).

Particle definite article, Noun common feminine singular absolute

LXX: κλίνησ κλίνην κλινῶν κλίνη

LXX Usage Statistics

H4296:

κλίνησ 9× (31.4%)

κλίνην 8× (28.5%)

κλινῶν 4× (14.5%)

κλίνη 4× (13.9%)

וכביר וּכְבִיר

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כביר

kᵉbîyr

Definition

a matrass (of intertwined materials)

Root

from H3527 (כבר) in the original sense of plaiting;

Exhaustive

from כבר in the original sense of plaiting; a matrass (of intertwined materials); pillow.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3523

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כְּבִיר

noun / masculine • Strongs / High • Page 674

a texture, covering, of goat's hair.

Conjunction, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: ἧπαρ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3523:

ἧπαρ 2× (100.0%)

העזים הָעִזּים

the Fierce Ones

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

עז

ʻêz

Definition

a she-goat (as strong), but masculine in plural (which also is used elliptically for goat's hair)

Root

from H5810 (עזז);

Exhaustive

from עזז; a she-goat (as strong), but masculine in plural (which also is used elliptically for goat's hair); (she) goat, kid.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5795

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עֵז

noun feminine • Strongs / High • Page 1071

A goat, she-goat, or one that has already got some strength; also refers to young kids of the goats or a buck of the goats. Metaphorically, goats' hair.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עֵז

noun feminine • Page 499

A goat. A kid (Gen. 27:9); an animal of the goat kind (Deut. 14:4). In the plural, denotes goats' hair (Ex. 26:7; 36:14).

Particle definite article, Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: αἰγῶν pἐξ αἰγείασ αἶγα ἐρίφων

LXX Usage Statistics

H5795:

αἰγῶν 51× (46.0%)

pἐξ 28× (29.3%)

αἰγείασ 4× (2.6%)

αἶγα 4× (4.0%)

ἐρίφων 3× (2.7%)

τρίχασ 3× (2.2%)

αἶγασ 2× (1.9%)

ἐρίφουσ 2× (1.9%)

מראשתיו מְרַאֲשֹׁתָיו׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מראשה

mᵉraʼăshâh

Definition

properly, a headpiece, i.e. (plural for adverbial) at (or as) the head-rest (or pillow)

Root

formed like H4761 (מראשה);

Exhaustive

formed like מראשה; properly, a headpiece, i.e. (plural for adverbial) at (or as) the head-rest (or pillow); bolster, head, pillow. Compare מרגלה.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4763

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Noun common feminine plural construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: κεφαλῆσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4763:

κεφαλῆσ 8× (72.7%)

κεφαλῆσ 2× (16.6%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And the messengers will come in, and behold, the teraphim in the bed, and the braiding of goats hair at its head.

LITV Translation:
And the messengers came in. And, behold, the image was on the bed, and the quilt of goat's hair was at his head-place.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And the messengers come, and, behold, the images were on the bed, and the goat’s liver at his head.