1 Samuel 17:3

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ופלשתים וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֞ים

and Wanderers ("Philistines")

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

פלשת

Pᵉlesheth

Definition

Pelesheth, a region of Syria

Root

from H6428 (פלש); rolling, i.e. migratory;

Exhaustive

from פלש; rolling, i.e. migratory; Pelesheth, a region of Syria; Palestina, Palestine, Philistia, Philistines.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6429

פלשתי

Pᵉlishtîy

Definition

a Pelishtite or inhabitant of Pelesheth

Root

patrial from H6429 (פלשת);

Exhaustive

patrial from פלשת; a Pelishtite or inhabitant of Pelesheth; Philistine.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6430

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

פְּלַשְׁתִּים

noun proper • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1175

the Philistine Sea, i. e. the Mediterranean (Ex. 23, 31).

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

פְּלֶשֶׁת

f. proper name • Page 545

Philistia, the proper name of a country in the southwestern part of Palestine. References: Gen. 10:14, Ex. 15:14, Is. 14:28.

Conjunction, Noun gentilic masculine plural absolute

LXX: ἀλλοφύλων ἀλλόφυλοι ἀλλοφύλουσ '' φυλιστιιμ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6429:

ἀλλοφύλων 118× (41.1%)

ἀλλόφυλοι 73× (24.7%)

ἀλλοφύλουσ 27× (8.7%)

'' 17× (5.6%)

φυλιστιιμ 11× (3.9%)

ἀλλοφύλοισ 10× (2.7%)

ἀλλόφυλοσ 9× (2.9%)

ἀλλόφυλον 7× (2.3%)

ἀλλόφυλοι 6× (2.2%)

ἀλλοφύλου 6× (2.0%)

H6430:

No stats available

עמדים עֹמְדִים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עמד

ʻâmad

Definition

to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive); abide (behind), appoint, arise, cease, confirm, continue, dwell, be employed, endure, establish, leave, make, ordain, be (over), place, (be) present (self), raise up, remain, repair, [phrase] serve, set (forth, over, -tle, up), (make to, make to be at a, with-) stand (by, fast, firm, still, up), (be at a) stay (up), tarry.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5975

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עָמַד

verb • Root עמד • Strongs / High • Page 1102

(Intransitive) To stand upright, be set up (of a pillar); to stand still, stop; to stand before (in service), serve, wait upon; to assist, protect. (Figurative) To stand firm, endure, persist, persevere; to hold good; to continue to live.

עָמַד

verb • Root עמד • Strongs / High • Page 1103

To stand, stand up, stand still, stop, endure, continue, abide, be calm, stay, remain (Kal); To be established, preserved, set (Niph.); To be placed, continue to stand upright (Hoph.); To set up, to erect, place, make firm, appoint, constitute, establish, impart, set forth for a law, to make stand (Hif.).

עָמַד

verb • Root עמד • Strongs / High • Page 1103

Intransitive: to waver (Kal not used); causative (Hif. הֶעֱמִיר): to make waver, to cause to shake; to make rigid, to lame. (Transposed from עָמַק.)

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עִמָּד

preposition • Root עם • Page 513

Equivalent to עִם; a preposition found only with the suffix עִמָּדִי, meaning 'with'.

עָמַד

verb • Root עמד • Page 513

I. 1. To stand, stay (1 Sam. 20:38); to stand before someone as a servant (Gen. 41:46). 2. To stand firm, to abide (Ps. 33:11, 102:27). 3. To continue, stay (Ex. 9:28, Lev. 13:5). 4. To keep (a covenant) (Ezek. 17:14); to stand up, arise (Dan. 12:1, 8:23). 5. Passive of Hiphil: to be set, placed, appointed (Ezra 10:14).

עָמַד

verb • Root עמד • Page 513

Found only in Hiphil (Ezek. 29:7), by transposition for הַמְעַדְתָּ meaning 'thou causedst their loins to shake.'

Verb Qal participle active masculine plural absolute

LXX: ἔστη ἔστησαν εἱστήκει στήσεται στήσονται

LXX Usage Statistics

H5975:

ἔστη 65× (11.6%)

ἔστησαν 56× (10.2%)

εἱστήκει 21× (4.2%)

στήσεται 18× (3.5%)

στήσονται 14× (2.7%)

ἔστησεν 14× (2.5%)

στῆθι 12× (2.4%)

--- 10× (2.0%)

στήσει 9× (1.6%)

στῆναι 9× (1.7%)

אל אֶל־

toward

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אל

ʼêl

Definition

near, with or among; often in general, to

Root

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.

Exhaustive

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.; near, with or among; often in general, to; about, according to, after, against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and, by, concerning, for, from, [idiom] hath, in(-to), near, (out) of, over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether, with(-in).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H413

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵל

pronominal stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Aramaic demonstrative pronoun, same as Hebrew II. in a variety of senses.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

God (used in proper names like טָבְאֵל).

אֵל

noun • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Used as a groundform for אַלִי.

אֵל

pronoun demonstrative • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Pronominal stem abridged from 'ela, a demonstrative vocable. Demonstrative pronoun plural 'these'. A stronger form than 'ela, namely 'elle. Often found with the article הָאֵל (these).

אֵל

pronoun • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Aramaic equivalent to the Hebrew אֵל II. Found only in Ezr. 5, 15 K'ri, for which the K'tib has אֵלֶּה synonymous with the Targumic אִלֵּךְ.

אֵל

noun masculine • Root איל אול • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

A very old Semitic name of the highest deity, which already appears in the pre-historic period: God. Stands both for the God of the Hebrews (Jehovah), gods of another nation, or idols. Also means 'strong' or 'mighty'.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 130

God, Deity; applied to the true God, pagan gods, or in proper names. Also denotes strength, might, or power (e.g., in the phrase 'it is in the power of my hand').

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Collateral form of pronoun demonstrative אֵל (these).

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Construct of אֶל I. (preposition 'to', 'towards').

אֵל

abbreviation • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

An abbreviation of God in proper names, e.g. אֶלְעָלָא, אֶלְזָבָד.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

אֵל

m. verbal / dec. i. a. • Root אול • Page 49

1. strong, mighty (Ezek. 31:11). 2. strength, power (Gen. 31:29; Prov. 3:27). 3. most frequently God, applied both to Jehovah and heathen gods (Is. 44:10).

אֵל

pronoun • Page 49

pronoun plural; i. q. אֵלֶּה [these]. Also appears in the form הָאֵל.

אֵל

chald. • Page 50

Chald. idem. Ezra 5:15 Keri.

Preposition

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0413:

No stats available

ההר הָהָר

the Mountain

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

הר

har

Definition

a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)

Root

a shortened form of H2042 (הרר);

Exhaustive

a shortened form of הרר; a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively); hill (country), mount(-ain), [idiom] promotion.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2022

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הַר

noun / masculine • Root הרר • Strongs / High • Page 411

1. a mountain, a hill. 2. Figuratively, a great power, kingdom, or obstacle. 3. A mountain-district or hill country.

הַר

noun • Root הרר • Strongs / High • Page 412

A mountain, height. The noun comes from a stem meaning to be high or elevated. It is used to refer to mountainous districts and in combination with place names.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הַר

noun masculine • Page 192

a mountain, often a chain of mountains, mountainous country (Gen. 14:10). Plural: הָרִים.

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ὄροσ ὄρουσ ὄρει ὄρη ὀρέων

LXX Usage Statistics

H2022:

ὄροσ 157× (27.0%)

ὄρουσ 100× (17.5%)

ὄρει 92× (14.0%)

ὄρη 79× (14.2%)

ὀρέων 46× (8.1%)

ὄρεσιν 14× (2.2%)

--- 10× (2.0%)

ὀρεινὴν 7× (1.0%)

pεἰσ 6× (1.2%)

ὀρέων 5× (0.8%)

מזה מִזּה

from this one/side

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

זה

zeh

Definition

the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that

Root

a primitive word;

Exhaustive

a primitive word; the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that; he, [idiom] hence, [idiom] here, it(-self), [idiom] now, [idiom] of him, the one...the other, [idiom] than the other, ([idiom] out of) the (self) same, such (a one) that, these, this (hath, man), on this side...on that side, [idiom] thus, very, which. Compare זאת, זה, זו, זו.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2088

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

זֶה

demonstrative pronoun / relative pronoun / particle • Root ז • Strongs / High • Page 425

A multi-purpose word. I. As a demonstrative pronoun: this, referring to what is present. II. As a relative pronoun: who, that, which. III. As a demonstrative particle appended to interrogatives for emphasis, or to denote manner ('how'), location ('here', 'there'), or time ('now', 'just now').

זֶה

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 425

A collateral form of שֶׂה (lamb or sheep), found only in 1 Samuel 17:34.

זֶה

pronoun • Strongs / High • Page 427

A demonstrative pronoun ('this') or relative pronoun ('that which'), used without distinction of gender or number. It can refer to masculine, feminine, or neuter antecedents.

זֶה

pronominal stem • Strongs / High • Page 431

(pronominal stem; not used) pron. demonstr. same as זֶה, forming with a prosthetic the time-particle אָז, which form also exists in the Aramaean אֱדַיִן.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הֹזֶה

verb • Page 184

To dream, to speak in one’s sleep (Is. 56:10).

זֶה

pronoun • Page 197

1. this. When doubled, one...the other, 1 K. 22:20, Is. 6:3. Sometimes implies contempt, like the Greek οὗτος, Ex. 32:1. 2. more rarely in poetry as a relative, who, like the Germ. der. Ps. 104:8. 3. here, for בָּזֶה in hoc scil. loco. Gen. 28:17. Hence מִזֶּה, hence, 37:17.

Prep-M, Particle demonstrative

LXX: τοῦτο τοῦτον οὗτοσ τούτου τούτῳ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2088:

τοῦτο 223× (14.4%)

τοῦτον 126× (8.3%)

οὗτοσ 96× (6.2%)

τούτου 95× (6.1%)

τούτῳ 74× (4.9%)

'' 63× (3.5%)

ταύτησ 56× (3.6%)

ταύτῃ 52× (3.2%)

'' 39× (2.2%)

αὕτη 39× (2.6%)

וישראל וְיִשְׂרָאֵל

and God-Straightened

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ישראל

Yisrâʼêl

Definition

Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

Root

from H8280 (שרה) and H410 (אל); he will rule as God;

Exhaustive

from שרה and אל; he will rule as God; Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity; Israel.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3478

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יִשְׂרָאֵל

noun proper masculine • Root שרה • Strongs / High • Page 662

A proper name with multiple meanings: the patriarch Jacob; the Israelite people; an honorary title for the pious; the northern kingdom of Israel; the whole kingdom after the exile.

יִשְׂרָאֵל

noun proper masculine • Root ישר • Strongs / High • Page 662

A proper name, meaning 'El is a true, honest one.' Described as a ground-form to יְשַׂרְאֵלָה.

Conjunction, Noun proper name

LXX: ισραηλ '' --- ιακωβ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3478:

ισραηλ 2245× (92.9%)

'' 57× (2.1%)

--- 50× (2.2%)

ισραηλ 8× (0.3%)

ιακωβ 4× (0.2%)

t? 4× (0.1%)

ιερουσαλημ 4× (0.2%)

[b] 3× (0.1%)

ισραηλίτου 3× (0.1%)

ισραηλίτιδοσ 3× (0.1%)

עמדים עֹמְדִים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עמד

ʻâmad

Definition

to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive); abide (behind), appoint, arise, cease, confirm, continue, dwell, be employed, endure, establish, leave, make, ordain, be (over), place, (be) present (self), raise up, remain, repair, [phrase] serve, set (forth, over, -tle, up), (make to, make to be at a, with-) stand (by, fast, firm, still, up), (be at a) stay (up), tarry.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5975

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עָמַד

verb • Root עמד • Strongs / High • Page 1102

(Intransitive) To stand upright, be set up (of a pillar); to stand still, stop; to stand before (in service), serve, wait upon; to assist, protect. (Figurative) To stand firm, endure, persist, persevere; to hold good; to continue to live.

עָמַד

verb • Root עמד • Strongs / High • Page 1103

To stand, stand up, stand still, stop, endure, continue, abide, be calm, stay, remain (Kal); To be established, preserved, set (Niph.); To be placed, continue to stand upright (Hoph.); To set up, to erect, place, make firm, appoint, constitute, establish, impart, set forth for a law, to make stand (Hif.).

עָמַד

verb • Root עמד • Strongs / High • Page 1103

Intransitive: to waver (Kal not used); causative (Hif. הֶעֱמִיר): to make waver, to cause to shake; to make rigid, to lame. (Transposed from עָמַק.)

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עִמָּד

preposition • Root עם • Page 513

Equivalent to עִם; a preposition found only with the suffix עִמָּדִי, meaning 'with'.

עָמַד

verb • Root עמד • Page 513

I. 1. To stand, stay (1 Sam. 20:38); to stand before someone as a servant (Gen. 41:46). 2. To stand firm, to abide (Ps. 33:11, 102:27). 3. To continue, stay (Ex. 9:28, Lev. 13:5). 4. To keep (a covenant) (Ezek. 17:14); to stand up, arise (Dan. 12:1, 8:23). 5. Passive of Hiphil: to be set, placed, appointed (Ezra 10:14).

עָמַד

verb • Root עמד • Page 513

Found only in Hiphil (Ezek. 29:7), by transposition for הַמְעַדְתָּ meaning 'thou causedst their loins to shake.'

Verb Qal participle active masculine plural absolute

LXX: ἔστη ἔστησαν εἱστήκει στήσεται στήσονται

LXX Usage Statistics

H5975:

ἔστη 65× (11.6%)

ἔστησαν 56× (10.2%)

εἱστήκει 21× (4.2%)

στήσεται 18× (3.5%)

στήσονται 14× (2.7%)

ἔστησεν 14× (2.5%)

στῆθι 12× (2.4%)

--- 10× (2.0%)

στήσει 9× (1.6%)

στῆναι 9× (1.7%)

אל אֶל־

toward

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אל

ʼêl

Definition

near, with or among; often in general, to

Root

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.

Exhaustive

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.; near, with or among; often in general, to; about, according to, after, against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and, by, concerning, for, from, [idiom] hath, in(-to), near, (out) of, over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether, with(-in).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H413

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵל

pronominal stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Aramaic demonstrative pronoun, same as Hebrew II. in a variety of senses.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

God (used in proper names like טָבְאֵל).

אֵל

noun • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Used as a groundform for אַלִי.

אֵל

pronoun demonstrative • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Pronominal stem abridged from 'ela, a demonstrative vocable. Demonstrative pronoun plural 'these'. A stronger form than 'ela, namely 'elle. Often found with the article הָאֵל (these).

אֵל

pronoun • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Aramaic equivalent to the Hebrew אֵל II. Found only in Ezr. 5, 15 K'ri, for which the K'tib has אֵלֶּה synonymous with the Targumic אִלֵּךְ.

אֵל

noun masculine • Root איל אול • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

A very old Semitic name of the highest deity, which already appears in the pre-historic period: God. Stands both for the God of the Hebrews (Jehovah), gods of another nation, or idols. Also means 'strong' or 'mighty'.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 130

God, Deity; applied to the true God, pagan gods, or in proper names. Also denotes strength, might, or power (e.g., in the phrase 'it is in the power of my hand').

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Collateral form of pronoun demonstrative אֵל (these).

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Construct of אֶל I. (preposition 'to', 'towards').

אֵל

abbreviation • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

An abbreviation of God in proper names, e.g. אֶלְעָלָא, אֶלְזָבָד.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

אֵל

m. verbal / dec. i. a. • Root אול • Page 49

1. strong, mighty (Ezek. 31:11). 2. strength, power (Gen. 31:29; Prov. 3:27). 3. most frequently God, applied both to Jehovah and heathen gods (Is. 44:10).

אֵל

pronoun • Page 49

pronoun plural; i. q. אֵלֶּה [these]. Also appears in the form הָאֵל.

אֵל

chald. • Page 50

Chald. idem. Ezra 5:15 Keri.

Preposition

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0413:

No stats available

ההר הָהָר

the Mountain

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

הר

har

Definition

a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)

Root

a shortened form of H2042 (הרר);

Exhaustive

a shortened form of הרר; a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively); hill (country), mount(-ain), [idiom] promotion.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2022

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הַר

noun / masculine • Root הרר • Strongs / High • Page 411

1. a mountain, a hill. 2. Figuratively, a great power, kingdom, or obstacle. 3. A mountain-district or hill country.

הַר

noun • Root הרר • Strongs / High • Page 412

A mountain, height. The noun comes from a stem meaning to be high or elevated. It is used to refer to mountainous districts and in combination with place names.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הַר

noun masculine • Page 192

a mountain, often a chain of mountains, mountainous country (Gen. 14:10). Plural: הָרִים.

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ὄροσ ὄρουσ ὄρει ὄρη ὀρέων

LXX Usage Statistics

H2022:

ὄροσ 157× (27.0%)

ὄρουσ 100× (17.5%)

ὄρει 92× (14.0%)

ὄρη 79× (14.2%)

ὀρέων 46× (8.1%)

ὄρεσιν 14× (2.2%)

--- 10× (2.0%)

ὀρεινὴν 7× (1.0%)

pεἰσ 6× (1.2%)

ὀρέων 5× (0.8%)

מזה מִזֶּה

from this one/side

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

זה

zeh

Definition

the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that

Root

a primitive word;

Exhaustive

a primitive word; the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that; he, [idiom] hence, [idiom] here, it(-self), [idiom] now, [idiom] of him, the one...the other, [idiom] than the other, ([idiom] out of) the (self) same, such (a one) that, these, this (hath, man), on this side...on that side, [idiom] thus, very, which. Compare זאת, זה, זו, זו.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2088

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

זֶה

demonstrative pronoun / relative pronoun / particle • Root ז • Strongs / High • Page 425

A multi-purpose word. I. As a demonstrative pronoun: this, referring to what is present. II. As a relative pronoun: who, that, which. III. As a demonstrative particle appended to interrogatives for emphasis, or to denote manner ('how'), location ('here', 'there'), or time ('now', 'just now').

זֶה

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 425

A collateral form of שֶׂה (lamb or sheep), found only in 1 Samuel 17:34.

זֶה

pronoun • Strongs / High • Page 427

A demonstrative pronoun ('this') or relative pronoun ('that which'), used without distinction of gender or number. It can refer to masculine, feminine, or neuter antecedents.

זֶה

pronominal stem • Strongs / High • Page 431

(pronominal stem; not used) pron. demonstr. same as זֶה, forming with a prosthetic the time-particle אָז, which form also exists in the Aramaean אֱדַיִן.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הֹזֶה

verb • Page 184

To dream, to speak in one’s sleep (Is. 56:10).

זֶה

pronoun • Page 197

1. this. When doubled, one...the other, 1 K. 22:20, Is. 6:3. Sometimes implies contempt, like the Greek οὗτος, Ex. 32:1. 2. more rarely in poetry as a relative, who, like the Germ. der. Ps. 104:8. 3. here, for בָּזֶה in hoc scil. loco. Gen. 28:17. Hence מִזֶּה, hence, 37:17.

Prep-M, Particle demonstrative

LXX: τοῦτο τοῦτον οὗτοσ τούτου τούτῳ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2088:

τοῦτο 223× (14.4%)

τοῦτον 126× (8.3%)

οὗτοσ 96× (6.2%)

τούτου 95× (6.1%)

τούτῳ 74× (4.9%)

'' 63× (3.5%)

ταύτησ 56× (3.6%)

ταύτῃ 52× (3.2%)

'' 39× (2.2%)

αὕτη 39× (2.6%)

והגיא וְהַגַּיְא

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

גיא

gayʼ

Definition

a gorge (from its lofty sides; hence, narrow, but not a gully or winter-torrent)

Root

or (shortened) גי; probably (by transmutation) from the same root as H1466 (גוה) (abbreviated);

Exhaustive

or (shortened) גי; probably (by transmutation) from the same root as גוה (abbreviated); a gorge (from its lofty sides; hence, narrow, but not a gully or winter-torrent); valley.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1516

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גֵּיא

noun feminine • Root גאה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 321

Contracted from גַּאֲוָה, meaning pride or majesty. It appears only in Zechariah 14:4 and more frequently in its plural form גֵּיאוֹת.

Matched via consonantal key only

גֵּיא

noun feminine • Root גאה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 321

An abridged form of גֵּיא, meaning a valley. Found in Isaiah 40:4.

Matched via consonantal key only

גַּיְא

noun • Root גאה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 320

A morass or lowland; a valley, a low place. Often used in designations of places, such as גֵּיא־הִנֹּם (valley of Hinnom), גֵּיא הַחֲרָשִׁים (valley of craftsmanship), גֵּיא־הַמֶּלַח (valley of salt), and others.

Matched via consonantal key only

גַּיְא

noun • Root גוה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 320

for גֵּוָה, and only in the pl. גֵּיאוֹת.

Matched via consonantal key only

גַּיְא / גֵּיא

noun feminine • Root גאה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 321

a valley. It is used to refer to specific places, such as the valley of Hinnom (Jer. 2:23), and figuratively, as in 'the valley of the shadow of death' (Ps. 23:4).

Matched via consonantal key only

Conjunction, Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: φάραγγοσ φάραγγι φάραγξ γαι πολυάνδριον

LXX Usage Statistics

H1516:

φάραγγοσ 7× (11.3%)

φάραγγι 6× (8.9%)

φάραγξ 5× (8.7%)

γαι 5× (7.7%)

πολυάνδριον 5× (7.3%)

--- 3× (5.4%)

pεἰσ 2× (3.6%)

χάοσ 2× (3.3%)

'' 2× (3.1%)

ὄρουσ 2× (3.1%)

ביניהם בֵּינֵיהֶם׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בין

bêyn

Definition

between (repeated before each noun, often with other particles); also as a conjunction, either...or

Root

(sometimes in the plural masculine or feminine); properly, the constructive form of an otherwise unused noun from H995 (בין); a distinction; but used only as a preposition,

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H996

הם

Definition

them, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9038

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בִּין

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 228

Aramaic form of the Hebrew verb meaning to understand or perceive.

בִּין

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 236

See בּוּן Hif. II.

בִּין

noun • Lemma_Lookup • Page 236

As a noun, see בִּינָה.

בֵּין

preposition • Lemma_Lookup • Page 236

Aramaic preposition, the same as the Hebrew equivalent: between.

בֵּין

preposition • Root בינת • Lemma_Lookup • Page 239

Between; abridged from בַּיִנַת.

בַּיִן

noun masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 236

Division, separation, and therefore concrete interval (space between two things); commonly used as a preposition meaning 'between' or 'among'.

הִלְבִּין

verb • Root לבן • Lemma_Lookup • Page 766

To show whiteness, to be white, of snow. Figuratively: to cleanse, to purify, to absolve from sin.

יָבִין

noun proper • Root בין • Lemma_Lookup • Page 571

intelligent; a proper name of Phenician kings of northern Palestine.

מֵבִין

masculine noun • Root בין • Lemma_Lookup • Page 803

Instructing (only in plural מְבִינִים in K'tib).

שְׁבִיבִין

aram. m. pl. (aramaic) • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1373

the same (flame/spark).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בִּין

verb • Root , , בין , , • Page 94

1. to see, perceive, observe (Prov. 7:7, Dan. 10:1). 2. to see into, to understand (Is. 6:9, Dan. 12:8). 3. to know (Ps. 139:2). 4. to have understanding, to be wise or intelligent (Ps. 49:21). Also found in Niph. (intelligent, Gen. 41:33), Pil. (to observe, take care of, Deut. 32:10), and Hiph. (to explain, Dan. 8:16; to teach, instruct, Neh. 8:9; to make wise, Job 32:8; to perceive/attend, Dan. 8:5; to know, Job 28:23).

בֵּין

strictly a subst. / used as a prep. • Page 95

Intermediate space, interval, midst; hence dual בֵּינַיִם (1 Sam. 17:4, 23) a middle-man, umpire, champion. Used as a preposition meaning 'between' (Ex. 11:7, Gen. 26:28, Neh. 5:18, Prov. 26:13).

בֵּין

preposition • Page 95

Between, as in Hebrew.

Noun common masculine plural construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine plural

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0996:

No stats available

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And the rovers standing on the mountain from hence, and Israel standing on the mountain from thence, and the valley between them.

LITV Translation:
And the Philistines stood on the mountain on this side , and Israel stood on the mountain on that side , and the valley between them.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And the Philistines stand on the mountain on one side, and Israel stands on the mountain on the other side, and the valley was between them.