1 Samuel 17:11

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

וישמע וַיִּשְׁמַע

and he is hearing

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שמע

shâmaʻ

Definition

to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.); [idiom] attentively, call (gather) together, [idiom] carefully, [idiom] certainly, consent, consider, be content, declare, [idiom] diligently, discern, give ear, (cause to, let, make to) hear(-ken, tell), [idiom] indeed, listen, make (a) noise, (be) obedient, obey, perceive, (make a) proclaim(-ation), publish, regard, report, shew (forth), (make a) sound, [idiom] surely, tell, understand, whosoever (heareth), witness.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8085

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁמַע

verb • Root שמע • Strongs / High • Page 755

to listen to, hearken

שָׁמַע

verb qal • Root שמע • Strongs / High • Page 1450

I. To give ear to, to hear, attend; generally with an accusative of the thing or person; to be an ear-witness; to hear with pleasure; to hear of God; to obey.

שָׁמַע

verb qal • Root שמע • Strongs / High • Page 1451

To hear (absol. or with accusative); to obey, to follow; metaphorically, to understand, to be intelligent, to be attentive; to get knowledge of, to hear a call.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שָׁמַע and שָׁמֵעַ

verb • Root שמע • Page 687

1. to hear; to hearken, obey (Job 26:14, Ps. 92:12, Gen. 23:8, Ex. 24:7). 2. to understand (Gen. 11:7, 42:23). Also includes Niph. (to be heard), Pi. (to cause to hear, summon), and Hiph. (to cause to hear, announce, call together).

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ἤκουσεν ἀκούσατε ἤκουσαν ἤκουσα ἄκουε

LXX Usage Statistics

H8085:

ἤκουσεν 130× (10.0%)

ἀκούσατε 76× (6.4%)

ἤκουσαν 58× (4.6%)

ἤκουσα 42× (3.5%)

ἄκουε 37× (3.1%)

ὡσ 30× (2.6%)

ἀκοῦσαι 29× (2.1%)

ἀκούσῃ 28× (2.2%)

'' 26× (1.9%)

εἰσήκουσεν 25× (2.0%)

שאול שָׁאוּל

Sheol

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שאול

Shâʼûwl

Definition

Shaul, the name of an Edomite and two Israelites

Root

passive participle of H7592 (שאל); asked;

Exhaustive

passive participle of שאל; asked; Shaul, the name of an Edomite and two Israelites; Saul, Shaul.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7586

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁאוּל

noun proper masculine • Root שאל • Strongs / High • Page 1366

Proper name masculine, meaning 'asked' (from God). Refers to the first king of Israel, an appellation of the place שֶׁבַע, and a patronymic.

Noun proper name masculine

LXX: σαουλ '' --- γυναικὶ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7586:

σαουλ 355× (88.5%)

'' 29× (6.4%)

--- 9× (2.3%)

γυναικὶ 2× (0.4%)

וכל וְכָל־

and every/all

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כל

kôl

Definition

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

Root

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from H3634 (כלל);

Exhaustive

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from כלל; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense); (in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3605

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כֹּל

noun / masculine • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 695

Properly 'all, whole, totality'. 1. Used adjectivally to mean 'all' or 'the whole of', as in 'all the earth'. 2. Describes a plurality of individual persons or things, translated as 'all'.

כֹּל

substantive / adverb • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 696

A substantive meaning all, the whole, every, any. When used with a negative, it means none at all. It can also function as an adverb meaning wholly or altogether.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כֹּל

chald. • Page 316

Same as Hebrew (all, every). Often appears with Makkeph as -כֹּל. References: Dan. 2:40, 4:9, 18, 25.

כֹּל

m. verbal • Root כלל • Page 315

A substantive meaning 'all', 'the whole', or 'totality'. Frequently used as an adjective (Jer. 33:8). 1. all. 2. every one.

Conjunction, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: πάντα πᾶσ πάντεσ πᾶν πάντασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3605:

πάντα 921× (17.0%)

πᾶσ 451× (8.4%)

πάντεσ 441× (8.4%)

πᾶν 351× (6.5%)

πάντασ 297× (5.6%)

πᾶσαν 267× (4.9%)

πάντων 242× (4.4%)

πάσασ 230× (4.4%)

--- 227× (4.5%)

πᾶσα 214× (4.0%)

ישראל יִשְׂרָאֵל

God-Contends

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ישראל

Yisrâʼêl

Definition

Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

Root

from H8280 (שרה) and H410 (אל); he will rule as God;

Exhaustive

from שרה and אל; he will rule as God; Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity; Israel.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3478

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יִשְׂרָאֵל

noun proper masculine • Root שרה • Strongs / High • Page 662

A proper name with multiple meanings: the patriarch Jacob; the Israelite people; an honorary title for the pious; the northern kingdom of Israel; the whole kingdom after the exile.

יִשְׂרָאֵל

noun proper masculine • Root ישר • Strongs / High • Page 662

A proper name, meaning 'El is a true, honest one.' Described as a ground-form to יְשַׂרְאֵלָה.

Noun proper name

LXX: ισραηλ '' --- ιακωβ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3478:

ισραηλ 2245× (92.9%)

'' 57× (2.1%)

--- 50× (2.2%)

ισραηλ 8× (0.3%)

ιακωβ 4× (0.2%)

t? 4× (0.1%)

ιερουσαλημ 4× (0.2%)

[b] 3× (0.1%)

ισραηλίτου 3× (0.1%)

ισραηλίτιδοσ 3× (0.1%)

את אֶת־

את-self eternal

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

את

ʼêth

Definition

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

Root

apparent contracted from H226 (אות) in the demonstrative sense of entity;

Exhaustive

apparent contracted from אות in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely); (as such unrepresented in English).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H853

את

ʼêth

Definition

a hoe or other digging implement

Root

of uncertain derivation;

Exhaustive

of uncertain derivation; a hoe or other digging implement; coulter, plowshare.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H855

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵת

particle • Strongs_Numbers • Page 87

Particle used as a sign of the accusative, indicating the definite object of a verb; also used reflexively, or in designations of time and place. Occasionally interchangeable with other prepositions.

אֵת

substantive • Root אות • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

I. Proper substance, being, essence, body, self, essential. It is used as the sign of an accusative, or to give prominence to a noun as subject.

אֵת

preposition • Root אנה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

II. With; expressing fellowship or accompaniment. Properly side, support, lean upon.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Mattock, coulter of a plough, hoe, prop. anything cutting into.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Equivalent to אֵת III., of which it is merely a collateral form.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אוֹת or אֶת

sign of accusative case • Page 35

A sign of the accusative case.

אֶת

com. gen. chald. • Page 81

Equivalent to the Hebrew אוֹת (sign, miracle). Synonymous with תְּמַהּ. References: Dan. 3: 32, 33; 6: 28.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (masc.). Equivalent to אַתָּה. Note: Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (fem.). In pause אָתְּ. Found in Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2. Also sometimes appears as a masculine form (Num. 11: 15; Ezek. 28: 14).

אֵת

ii. particle • Page 81

A primitive particle and sign of the accusative case (with Makk. -אֶת; with suffixes אֹתִי, אֹתָנוּ, etc.). Often denotes the definite direct object but can appear in circumstances where other languages employ the nominative (with passive verbs, neuter verbs, or before a nominative subject). References: Gen. 17: 5; Ex. 10: 8; 1 Sam. 17: 34.

אֵת

preposition • Page 82

1. with, together with (Gen. 4:1); 2. with, near by (Gen. 39:6); 3. in or on a place (1 Sam. 7:16); 4. besides (1 K. 11:25); 5. towards, erga (Ruth 2:20, 2 Sam. 16:17).

Direct object eternal self

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0853:

No stats available

H0855:

No stats available

דברי דִּבְרֵי

my alignment/alignments

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

דבר

dâbâr

Definition

a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause

Root

from H1696 (דבר);

Exhaustive

from דבר; a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause; act, advice, affair, answer, [idiom] any such (thing), because of, book, business, care, case, cause, certain rate, [phrase] chronicles, commandment, [idiom] commune(-ication), [phrase] concern(-ing), [phrase] confer, counsel, [phrase] dearth, decree, deed, [idiom] disease, due, duty, effect, [phrase] eloquent, errand, (evil favoured-) ness, [phrase] glory, [phrase] harm, hurt, [phrase] iniquity, [phrase] judgment, language, [phrase] lying, manner, matter, message, (no) thing, oracle, [idiom] ought, [idiom] parts, [phrase] pertaining, [phrase] please, portion, [phrase] power, promise, provision, purpose, question, rate, reason, report, request, [idiom] (as hast) said, sake, saying, sentence, [phrase] sign, [phrase] so, some (uncleanness), somewhat to say, [phrase] song, speech, [idiom] spoken, talk, task, [phrase] that, [idiom] there done, thing (concerning), thought, [phrase] thus, tidings, what(-soever), [phrase] wherewith, which, word, work.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1697

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

דָּבָר

noun masculine • Root דבר • Strongs / High • Page 351

A word, a saying, a speech, a matter, a thing. Derived from דָּבַר I (to speak).

דָּבָר

noun • Root דבר • Strongs / High • Page 352

A word; speech, discourse, saying, oracle; command, precept, law, regulation; an inquiry, account, answer; utterance of God, revelation, oracle; decree, plan, proposal; report, news; a thing, matter, object of discourse; occurrence, action, history, affairs; relation, reference, way; cause, suit at law, ground.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

דָּבַר

verb • Page 154

To speak; used in various idioms: 3. to speak with one's self or meditate (Gen. 24:45). 4. to speak or promise good concerning any one (Num. 10:29). 5. to speak kindly with any one (2 K. 25:28). 6. to speak kindly or peaceably (Ps. 28:3). 7. to pass sentence against (2 K. 25:6). Sense 2: to destroy (2 Chr. 22:10), derived from 'to drive away'. Includes Niph. (to speak together, Mal. 3:16), Hiph. (to subdue, Ps. 18:48), and Hithpa. (2 Sam. 14:13).

דֶּבֶר

m. plur. דְּבָרִים • Root דבר • Page 155

Pestilence. (Ex. 9:3, Lev. 26:25, Deut. 28:21, Hos. 13:14). Ideas of death and pestilence are often expressed by the same word.

דֹּבֶר

noun masculine • Root דבר • Page 155

A fold, pasture. (Mic. 2:12, Is. 5:17). Comparable to Syriac and Arabic terms for a field.

דָּבַר

verb • Root דבר • Page 153

1. Probably as its primary signification, to lead, to drive. Hence the derivatives דָּבָר, דִּבְרָה, מִדְבָּר. 2. To put in order, to arrange, connect; and hence to connect words, to speak. In Kal found in the participle דֹּבֵר and the infinitive דַּבֵּר (Ps. 51:6). Much more common in Pi. דִּבֶּר (fut. יְדַבֵּר) meaning to speak, loquor (different from אָמַר to say). Covers various grammatical constructions including speaking to (preceded by אֶל, לְ, or עִם), speaking of (preceded by אֶת or עַל), and speaking against (preceded by בְּ or אֶל). Also used to mean 'to promise' (Deut. 19:8).

דָּבָר

noun masculine • Root דבר • Page 154

1. word, speech (Ex. 4:10); denotes a command (Est. 1:19), promise (1 K. 2:4), sentiment/doctrine (Ecc. 1:1), oracle/revelation (Jer. 1:4), or historical words/chronicles (1 K. 11:41). 2. matter, thing (Ecc. 7:8); equivalent to Aramaic מִלָּא and Arabic אמר.

Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX: ῥῆμα λόγουσ λόγοσ λόγον λόγων

LXX Usage Statistics

H1697:

ῥῆμα 224× (14.7%)

λόγουσ 198× (13.0%)

λόγοσ 184× (13.3%)

λόγον 153× (10.6%)

λόγων 120× (8.3%)

ῥήματα 80× (5.1%)

λόγοι 63× (4.3%)

'' 51× (3.3%)

λόγοισ 30× (1.9%)

--- 30× (2.3%)

הפלשתי הַפְּלִשְׁתּי

The Wallower ("Philistine")

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

פלשת

Pᵉlesheth

Definition

Pelesheth, a region of Syria

Root

from H6428 (פלש); rolling, i.e. migratory;

Exhaustive

from פלש; rolling, i.e. migratory; Pelesheth, a region of Syria; Palestina, Palestine, Philistia, Philistines.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6429

פלשתי

Pᵉlishtîy

Definition

a Pelishtite or inhabitant of Pelesheth

Root

patrial from H6429 (פלשת);

Exhaustive

patrial from פלשת; a Pelishtite or inhabitant of Pelesheth; Philistine.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6430

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

פְּלַשְׁתִּים

noun proper • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1175

the Philistine Sea, i. e. the Mediterranean (Ex. 23, 31).

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

פְּלֶשֶׁת

f. proper name • Page 545

Philistia, the proper name of a country in the southwestern part of Palestine. References: Gen. 10:14, Ex. 15:14, Is. 14:28.

Particle definite article, Noun gentilic both singular absolute

LXX: ἀλλοφύλων ἀλλόφυλοι ἀλλοφύλουσ '' φυλιστιιμ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6429:

ἀλλοφύλων 118× (41.1%)

ἀλλόφυλοι 73× (24.7%)

ἀλλοφύλουσ 27× (8.7%)

'' 17× (5.6%)

φυλιστιιμ 11× (3.9%)

ἀλλοφύλοισ 10× (2.7%)

ἀλλόφυλοσ 9× (2.9%)

ἀλλόφυλον 7× (2.3%)

ἀλλόφυλοι 6× (2.2%)

ἀλλοφύλου 6× (2.0%)

H6430:

No stats available

האלה הָאֵלֶּה

the Mighty One/Goddess

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אלה

ʼâlâh

Definition

an imprecation

Root

from H422 (אלה);

Exhaustive

from אלה; an imprecation; curse, cursing, execration, oath, swearing.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H423

אלה

ʼêlâh

Definition

an oak or other strong tree

Root

feminine of H352 (איל);

Exhaustive

lemma אלה first vowel, corrected to אלה; feminine of איל; an oak or other strong tree; elm, oak, teil-tree.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H424

אלה

ʼêl-leh

Definition

these or those

Root

prolonged from H411 (אל);

Exhaustive

prolonged from אל; these or those; an-(the) other; one sort, so, some, such, them, these (same), they, this, those, thus, which, who(-m).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H428

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָלָה

verb • Root אל • Strongs_Numbers • Page 132

I. 1. To be strong, powerful, stout (intr.); 2. To strengthen, to swear, confirm by an oath (tr.); 3. To curse (not used); 4. To be fat.

אָלָה

noun feminine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 132

1. An oath (allied in sense is שְׁבֻעָה); 2. A covenant confirmed by an oath; 3. Curse, imprecation, connected with exclamations of swearing.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֵלֶּה

pronoun • Page 51

these, employed as the plural of זֶה (zeh) and זאת (zot). Ref: Judg. 6:11, 19; 1 Sam. 17:2, 19; 2 Sam. 18:9, 14; Ezek. 31:14.

אֵלֶּה

chald. pron. plur. • Page 51

Chaldee equivalent of the Hebrew אֵלֶּה (these). Ref: Jer. 10:11.

אָלָה

f. verbal / dec. x • Root אלה • Page 50

1. oath; 2. particularly a covenant confirmed by an oath (Gen. 26:28); 3. imprecation, curse (Num. 5:21).

אָלָה

verb • Page 50

1. to swear (1 K. 8:31); 2. to curse (Judg. 17:2). Hiph. to cause to swear (1 K. 8:31).

אָלָה

verb • Page 50

to lament (Joel 1:8). Equivalent to Syriac usage.

אֵלָה

f. verbal / dec. x • Root אל • Page 50

turpentine-tree, pistacia terebinthus. A common tree in Palestine growing to considerable height with evergreen leaves and clustering fruit (Gen. 35:4).

Particle definite article, Particle demonstrative

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0423:

No stats available

H0424:

No stats available

H0428:

No stats available

ויחתו וַיֵּחַתּוּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

חתת

châthath

Definition

properly, to prostrate; hence, to break down, either (literally) by violence, or (figuratively) by confusion and fear

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to prostrate; hence, to break down, either (literally) by violence, or (figuratively) by confusion and fear; abolish, affright, be (make) afraid, amaze, beat down, discourage, (cause to) dismay, go down, scare, terrify.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2865

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חָתַת

verb • Root חתת • Strongs / High • Page 547

(Kal) to be overthrown, brought to shame, disgraced, confounded, dismayed, terrified, or broken in pieces; (Nif.) to be afraid; (Pi.) to terrify or be broken; (Hif.) to break down or terrify.

חָתַת

verb • Root חתת • Strongs / High • Page 548

to put in fear, to scare, to scare with anguish, to terrify.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חָתַת

verb • Page 258

1. to break or be broken in pieces. 2. to be terrified, confounded, or made ashamed. Also includes Niph. (not to be confounded with נָחַת), Pi. (to be broken in pieces, to terrify), and Hiph. (to break in pieces, to terrify, to make afraid).

תְּחֹת

chald. • Page 714

Chaldee equivalent of the Hebrew word תַּחַת (tahat), meaning 'under' or 'from under'. Cited in Dan. 4:11 [4:14].

תַּחַת

noun masculine • Page 713

1. what is under or below. Used as an accusative adverbially, below, beneath. In the construct state used as a preposition: under. Ex. 20:4, Gen. 1:7. 2. what is under a person, a place, spot. Zech. 6:12. (1) as an accusative used adverbially, on or in the place or spot. Ex. 16:29. (2) in the place of, instead of, loco. Lev. 16:32. Est. 2:17.

conjunctive, Verb Niphal sequential imperfect third person masculine plural

LXX: πτοηθῇσ ἡττᾶσθε πτοηθῆτε φοβηθῇσ δειλιάσητε

LXX Usage Statistics

H2865:

πτοηθῇσ 5× (10.4%)

ἡττᾶσθε 4× (8.0%)

πτοηθῆτε 3× (6.3%)

φοβηθῇσ 2× (4.2%)

δειλιάσητε 2× (4.2%)

--- 2× (4.2%)

πτοηθήσονται 2× (3.9%)

ἡττηθήσονται 2× (3.9%)

ἐπτοήθησαν 2× (3.9%)

'' 2× (3.5%)

ויראו וַיִּרְאוּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ירא

yârêʼ

Definition

to fear; morally, to revere; caus. to frighten

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to fear; morally, to revere; caus. to frighten; affright, be (make) afraid, dread(-ful), (put in) fear(-ful, -fully, -ing), (be had in) reverence(-end), [idiom] see, terrible (act, -ness, thing).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3372

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָרֵא

verb • Strongs / High • Page 642

1. To tremble, to quake, for fear or from faint-heartedness or joyous surprise. 2. To be afraid, to tremble, to be fearful. 3. To fear, with accusative of person or thing. 4. In a noble sense: to feel awe, to reverence, esteem highly, honour.

יָרֵא

verb • Root ירא • Strongs / High • Page 643

To have religious awe, fear of God; to be pious, faithful, God-fearing; to worship; to turn back or refrain.

יָרֵא

adjective • Root ירא • Strongs / High • Page 643

Fearing, anxious, faint-hearted, in a worldly sense; but usually in a religious meaning.

יָרֵא

unknown • Root ירא • Strongs / High • Page 420

belonging to Nif. נוֹרָא, see יָרֵא.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָרֵא

verb • Page 295

to fear, reverence. [Entry incomplete on page]

יָרֵא

verb • Page 296

1. to fear, to be afraid (Josh. 22:25, Gen. 15:1, 21:17). Construed with an accusative of the person feared (Num. 14:9), with מִפְּנֵי (Josh. 11:6), or with לְ of the person or thing for which one fears (Josh. 9:24). 2. to honour, fear, reverence, revereri; e.g. one's parents (Lev. 19:3), the sanctuary (Lev. 19:30), or an oath (1 Sam. 14:26). Hence יָרֵא אֶת אֱלֹהִים to fear God, equivalent to being virtuous or pious.

יָרֵא

verb • Root ירא • Page 296

1. fearing. Often joined with personal pronouns to form a periphrasis for the finite verb, as יָרֵא אָנֹכִי 'I fear' (Gen. 32:12). 2. more as an adj. fearful (Deut. 20:8). יָרֵא אֱלֹהִים 'fearing God' (Gen. 22:12, Job 1:1).

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person masculine plural

LXX: φοβοῦ ἐφοβήθη ἐφοβήθησαν φοβηθῇσ φοβεῖσθε

LXX Usage Statistics

H3372:

φοβοῦ 33× (11.1%)

ἐφοβήθη 27× (8.5%)

ἐφοβήθησαν 23× (6.9%)

φοβηθῇσ 16× (5.4%)

φοβεῖσθε 14× (4.7%)

φοβηθήσῃ 12× (3.8%)

φοβηθῆτε 12× (4.0%)

φοβηθήσονται 11× (3.3%)

φοβεῖσθαι 11× (3.5%)

φοβηθήσεσθε 11× (3.7%)

מאדפ מְאֹד׃פ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מאד

mᵉʼôd

Definition

properly, vehemence, i.e. (with or without preposition) vehemently; by implication, wholly, speedily, etc. (often with other words as an intensive or superlative; especially when repeated)

Root

from the same as H181 (אוד);

Exhaustive

from the same as אוד; properly, vehemence, i.e. (with or without preposition) vehemently; by implication, wholly, speedily, etc. (often with other words as an intensive or superlative; especially when repeated); diligently, especially, exceeding(-ly), far, fast, good, great(-ly), [idiom] louder and louder, might(-ily, -y), (so) much, quickly, (so) sore, utterly, very ([phrase] much, sore), well.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3966

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מְאֹד

m. noun / adverb • Root אוד • Strongs / High • Page 798

As a noun: power, strength, firmness. As an adverb: much, exceedingly, entirely, quickly, very. It is used to give force to verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מְאֹד

substantive / adv. • Root אוד איד • Page 350

1. Strength, force, vehementia (Deut. 6:5; 2 K. 23:25). 2. Usually an adverb: exceedingly, very, especially (Gen. 7:19; Num. 14:7; Ps. 46:2).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: σφόδρα --- λίαν ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H3966:

σφόδρα 258× (88.7%)

--- 13× (4.5%)

λίαν 8× (2.7%)

'' 2× (0.6%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And Saul will hear and all Israel, these words of him of the rovers, and they will be terrified and greatly afraid.

LITV Translation:
And Saul and all Israel heard these words of the Philistine. And they were broken down, and greatly afraid.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And Saul and all Israel heard these words of the Philistine, and they were dismayed, and greatly terrified.