1 Samuel 14:51

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

וקיש וְקִישׁ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

קיש

Qîysh

Definition

Kish, the name of five Israelites

Root

from H6983 (קוש); a bow;

Exhaustive

from קוש; a bow; Kish, the name of five Israelites; Kish.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7027

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קִישׁ

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1272

m. same as קוּשׁ, only found in קוּשִׁיָּה (Jah is Might), a proper name.

קִישׁ

noun proper masculine • Root קוש • Strongs / High • Page 1277

A bow, figuratively power.

Conjunction, Noun proper name masculine

LXX: κισ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7027:

κισ 20× (94.9%)

אבי אֲבִי־

I am causing to come

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אב

ʼâb

Definition

father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application

Root

a primitive word;

Exhaustive

a primitive word; father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application; chief, (fore-) father(-less), [idiom] patrimony, principal. Compare names in 'Abi-'.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָב

noun masculine • Root אבה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 43

Father; benefactor, care-taker, supporter; spiritual benefactor (teacher, instructor, counsellor); chief adviser, Visier; lord, possessor, holder (figuratively in compounds); founder of a domestic society or race; spiritual begetter, i.e. Creator, God.

אָב

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 44

God, as the creator, benefactor, care-taker, ruler; frequently used in compound proper names denoting God.

אָב

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 254

Father (used here as master/teacher)

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָב

m. prim. irreg. • Page 16

1. father, properly so called; freq. 2. grandfather, forefather, ancestor (Gen. 28: 13, 1 K. 15: 11, 1 Chr. 2: 45, Gen. 4: 20, 21). 3. maker, creator (Job 38: 28). In this sense, applied to Jehovah (Is. 63: 16, 64: 7). 4. benefactor, guardian (Job 29: 16, Ps. 68: 6). Applied to the expected Messiah as אֲבִי עַד 'the eternal father of his people' (Is. 9: 5). 5. a title of respect for prophets and priests, even from kings (2 K. 6: 21, 13: 14, Judg. 17: 10). 6. 'father of the king', an oriental expression to designate a vizier or prime minister (Gen. 45: 8).

אָב

noun masculine • Page 17

Father. Beyond the literal sense, it is used for a counsellor or teacher (Gen. 41:43) and figuratively for the grave (Job 17:14). It appears in compound proper names (e.g., Abraham, Abigail) and includes the Chaldee form (Dan. 2:23).

אָב

noun masculine • Root אבה • Page 17

Wish, desire. Core biblical reference: Job 34:36.

Noun common both singular construct

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0001:

No stats available

שאול שָׁאוּל

Sheol

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שאול

Shâʼûwl

Definition

Shaul, the name of an Edomite and two Israelites

Root

passive participle of H7592 (שאל); asked;

Exhaustive

passive participle of שאל; asked; Shaul, the name of an Edomite and two Israelites; Saul, Shaul.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7586

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁאוּל

noun proper masculine • Root שאל • Strongs / High • Page 1366

Proper name masculine, meaning 'asked' (from God). Refers to the first king of Israel, an appellation of the place שֶׁבַע, and a patronymic.

Noun proper name masculine

LXX: σαουλ '' --- γυναικὶ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7586:

σαουλ 355× (88.5%)

'' 29× (6.4%)

--- 9× (2.3%)

γυναικὶ 2× (0.4%)

ונר וְנֵר

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

נר

Nêr

Definition

Ner, an Israelite

Root

the same as H5216 (ניר); lamp;

Exhaustive

the same as ניר; lamp; Ner, an Israelite; Ner.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5369

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נֵר

noun • Root נור • Strongs / High • Page 990

A lamp.

נֵר

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 991

1. a light-giving, splendour-giving thing, hence a light, a lamp. 2. Figuratively: prosperity, welfare, glory; instruction. 3. splendour, fame. Also a part of proper names.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נֵר

noun masculine / plur. נֵרוֹת • Root נור • Page 458

A light, lamp. Spoken of the lamps in the great candlestick (Ex. 29:37, 35:14). Metaphorically used for the light of Israel (2 Sam. 21:17) or prosperity (Prov. 13:9, 20:20).

Conjunction, Noun proper name masculine

LXX: νηρ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5369:

νηρ 14× (93.1%)

אבי אֲבִי־

I am causing to come

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אב

ʼâb

Definition

father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application

Root

a primitive word;

Exhaustive

a primitive word; father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application; chief, (fore-) father(-less), [idiom] patrimony, principal. Compare names in 'Abi-'.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָב

noun masculine • Root אבה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 43

Father; benefactor, care-taker, supporter; spiritual benefactor (teacher, instructor, counsellor); chief adviser, Visier; lord, possessor, holder (figuratively in compounds); founder of a domestic society or race; spiritual begetter, i.e. Creator, God.

אָב

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 44

God, as the creator, benefactor, care-taker, ruler; frequently used in compound proper names denoting God.

אָב

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 254

Father (used here as master/teacher)

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָב

m. prim. irreg. • Page 16

1. father, properly so called; freq. 2. grandfather, forefather, ancestor (Gen. 28: 13, 1 K. 15: 11, 1 Chr. 2: 45, Gen. 4: 20, 21). 3. maker, creator (Job 38: 28). In this sense, applied to Jehovah (Is. 63: 16, 64: 7). 4. benefactor, guardian (Job 29: 16, Ps. 68: 6). Applied to the expected Messiah as אֲבִי עַד 'the eternal father of his people' (Is. 9: 5). 5. a title of respect for prophets and priests, even from kings (2 K. 6: 21, 13: 14, Judg. 17: 10). 6. 'father of the king', an oriental expression to designate a vizier or prime minister (Gen. 45: 8).

אָב

noun masculine • Page 17

Father. Beyond the literal sense, it is used for a counsellor or teacher (Gen. 41:43) and figuratively for the grave (Job 17:14). It appears in compound proper names (e.g., Abraham, Abigail) and includes the Chaldee form (Dan. 2:23).

אָב

noun masculine • Root אבה • Page 17

Wish, desire. Core biblical reference: Job 34:36.

Noun common both singular construct

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0001:

No stats available

אבנר אַבְנֵר

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אבנר

ʼAbnêr

Definition

Abner, an Israelite

Root

or (fully) אבינר ; from H1 (אב) and H5216 (ניר); father of light (i.e. enlightening);

Exhaustive

or (fully) אבינר ; from אב and ניר; father of light (i.e. enlightening); Abner, an Israelite; Abner.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H74

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אַבְנֵר

noun proper masculine • Root אבינר • Strongs_Numbers • Page 56

Proper name masculine (1 Sam. 14, 51), probably abridged from אֲבִינֵר.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אַבְנֵר

noun masculine • Page 22

(father of light) proper name of the general of Saul's armies (1 Sam. 14: 51; 17: 55).

Noun proper name masculine

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0074:

No stats available

בן בֶּן־

builder/son

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בן

bên

Definition

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)

Root

from H1129 (בנה);

Exhaustive

from בנה; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.); [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1121

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בֵּן

masc. noun • Root בין • Strongs / High • Page 253

1. A child, begotten, born, often without distinction of sex (frequently pluralized as children). 2. Specifically, a son, a male child (opposite daughter). 3. Used metaphorically to denote personal characteristics (virtuous or vicious personality, heir of virtue/vice) or objects (e.g., young animals, plants, or inanimate objects). 4. A grandson; also used as boy, youth, prince, heir to the throne.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

Noun common both singular construct

LXX: υἱοὶ υἱὸσ υἱῶν υἱοῦ υἱοῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1121a:

υἱοὶ 1075× (22.0%)

υἱὸσ 753× (16.8%)

υἱῶν 607× (12.2%)

υἱοῦ 368× (8.1%)

υἱοῖσ 329× (6.1%)

υἱοὺσ 292× (5.7%)

υἱὸν 213× (4.6%)

--- 116× (2.6%)

υἱὲ 96× (2.2%)

'' 84× (1.6%)

אביאלס אֲבִיאֵל׃ס

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אביאל

ʼĂbîyʼêl

Definition

Abiel, the name of two Israelites

Root

from H1 (אב) and H410 (אל); father (i.e. possessor) of God;

Exhaustive

from אב and אל; father (i.e. possessor) of God; Abiel, the name of two Israelites; Abiel.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H22

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֲבִיאֵל

noun proper masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 49

'Ab is 'El, that is, the creating, protecting and nourishing God is to be invoked as the mighty; proper name masculine.

Noun proper name masculine

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0022:

No stats available

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And Kish the father of Saul: and Ner the father of Abner, son of Abiel.

LITV Translation:
And Kish was Saul's father, and Ner Abner's father was the son of Abiel.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And Kish was the father of Saul, and Ner, the father of Abner, was son of Jamin, son of Abiel.