1 Kings 8:9

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

אין אֵ֚ין

there is not

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אין

ʼayin

Definition

a non-entity; generally used as a negative particle

Root

as if from a primitive root meaning to be nothing or not exist;

Exhaustive

as if from a primitive root meaning to be nothing or not exist; a non-entity; generally used as a negative particle; else, except, fail, (father-) less, be gone, in(-curable), neither, never, no (where), none, nor, (any, thing), not, nothing, to nought, past, un(-searchable), well-nigh, without. Compare אין.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H369

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אַיִן

adverb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 115

I. Interrogative adverb: where? Correlative to the words אָן and אֵי.

אַיִן

adv. / adjective • Strongs_Numbers • Page 115

II. A word of negation; primitive meaning sometimes an adverb (not, non), sometimes an adjective (none).

אַיִן

substantive / adv. • Strongs_Numbers • Page 116

Nothing, not, there is not; negation of existence. (Absolute state)

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֵין

substantive / adv. of negation • Root אין • Page 45

Properly a substantive meaning nothingness, defect, or non-existence. Used as an adverb of negation: 1. not, including the verb 'to be' (Gen. 37:29, Num. 14:42). 2. Used to signify 'to not be' or 'not to exist' (1 Sam. 9:4, 1 K. 18:10). 3. nothing (Ps. 19:7). 4. without (Ex. 21:11, Joel 1:6). 5. Combined with prepositions (Prov. 8:24, Ezek. 38:11).

אֵין

adv. of interr. • Root אי • Page 45

Where? Equivalent to אֵי or אַי with paragogic ן. Found only with the prefix מִ, as in מֵאַיִן meaning 'whence?' (Gen. 29:4).

אֵין

adverb • Page 45

Found only in 1 Sam. 21:9. Equivalent to the negative אֵין, but used interrogatively for הַאֵין meaning 'is there not?'.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H369

II. אַיִּין noun masculine — nought, nothing.

Cognates:

• Moabite אנ
• Assyrian iânu

— אַיִּין absolute Isaiah 40:23; construct אַיִן Isaiah 40:17 +.

1. As a Substantive

• Nothing, nought:
  • Isaiah 40:23 הַנּוֹתֵן רוֹזְנִים לְאַיִן who bringeth princes to nothing;
  • Isaiah 40:17 כְּאַיִן as nothing;
  • Isaiah 41:11, 12;
  • Haggai 2:3;
  • Psalm 39:6;
  • Psalm 73:2 (almost כִּמְעַט);
  • Isaiah 41:24 מֵאַיִן of nothing.

2. As a Particle of Negation

Construct אַיִן, very frequently as particle of negation, is not, are not, was not, were not, etc. (corresponding to the affirmative יֵשׁ quod vide. Similar in usage, though not etymology akin, are Syriac ܐܪܡܝܐ, לֹא, Arabic لَيْسَ, Ethiopic ሀሁሂ, properly 'there is nought of ...' followed by a substantive or a pronominal suffix (אֵינֶנִּי [verbal form, Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar¹ §100,5; §152,1c], אֵינְךָ, אֵינֶךְ, אֵינֶנּוּ, אֵינֶנָּה, אֵינְכֶם, אֵינָם, also Psalm 59:14 אֵינֵימוֹ, Psalm 73:5 אֵינֵימוֹ): twice abnormally, in late Hebrew, a noun אֵין אֲנִי, אֵין אֲנַחְנוּ Nehemiah 4:17 (so sometimes לֹא, Old Persian 𐎧𐎡𐎥, Theodor Nöldeke, Mandäische Grammatik² p. 295); once, incorrectly, אֵת Haggai 2:17).

• a. Denying existence absolutely:
  • Isaiah 44:6;
  • Isaiah 47:10 אֵין רֹאָנִי there is none that seeth me, literally nought of one seeing me!
  • אֵין עוֹד there is none else Deuteronomy 4:39; 1 Kings 8:60; Isaiah 45:5, 6, 18, 22.
• b. More commonly, in a limited sense, there is none here or at hand:
  • Exodus 2:12 and he saw כִּי אֵין אִישׁ that there was no man (that is, there);
  • Numbers 21:5;
  • Genesis 5:24 וְאֵינֶנּוּ and he was not (of Enoch's disappearance from earth);
  • Genesis 42:13 one (casus pendens as often), he is not;
  • Genesis 42:36;
  • Often = is (or has) vanished Genesis 37:30; 1 Kings 20:40; Isaiah 17:14; Psalm 37:10; Psalm 103:16; Job 8:22; Job 24:24; Job 27:19.
• c. With the sense determined by a predicate following:
  • Genesis 37:29 Joseph was not in the pit;
  • Genesis 41:39 + often;
  • Exodus 5:10 אֵינֶנִּי נֹתֵן לָכֶם תֶּבֶן I am not giving you straw;
  • And so often with participle where duration has to be expressed Genesis 39:23; Deuteronomy 21:18; Isaiah 1:15; Jeremiah 7:16, or intention Genesis 20:7 אֵינְךָ מְשִׁיב דַּע אִם if thou art not restoring her, know;
  • Genesis 43:5; Exodus 8:17; Exodus 33:15 (idiomatically, after אִם; see Driver³ §137);
  • Judges 12:3.
  • Following once pleonastic by יֵשׁ Psalm 135:17.

  Treated as a mere particle of negation, אֵין may vary its position in the sentence, the substantive which should strictly stand in the genitive being not only separated from it by a little word, as בּוֹ Genesis 37:24, לוֹ Exodus 22:1, שָׁם Exodus 12:30, גַּם Psalm 14:3, etc., but even for emphasis prefixed to it, as Genesis 19:31; Genesis 40:8 וּפֹתֵר אֵין אֹתוֹ; Genesis 41:15; Exodus 5:16; Judges 13:9; Judges 14:6; Judges 16:15; Judges 19:1 (so Michaelis 24): if however it be thus brought to the end of a sentence, or be disconnected with what follows, it stands in the absolute form, as Genesis 2:5 וְאָדָם אַיִּין לַעֲבֹד אֶת הָאֲדָמָה and man there was none to till the ground; Leviticus 26:37 וְרֹדֵף אָבִין; Numbers 20:5; 2 Kings 19:3; Hosea 13:4; Micah 7:2.

• d. Sometimes the subject has to be supplied from the context:
  • (α) 1 Samuel 9:4 and they passed through the land of Shaalim וָאַיִּין and they (the asses) were not (literally and nought!), especially after verbs of waiting or seeking Isaiah 59:11; Psalm 69:21; Job 3:9; Isaiah 41:17; Ezekiel 7:25; Proverbs 14:6; Proverbs 13:4; Proverbs 20:4.
  • (β) Exodus 17:7 is יְהוָה in the midst of us אִם אַיִּין or not?
  • (γ) Numbers 13:20; Judges 4:20 וְאָמַרְתְּ אַיִּין then thou shalt say, There is not; 1 Kings 18:10; 1 Samuel 10:14.
  • (δ) Genesis 30:1 give me children, וְאִם אַיִּין and if not, I die; Exodus 32:32; Judges 9:15, 20; 2 Samuel 17:6 (see Driver); 2 Kings 2:10; Job 33:33.
• e. With subject not expressed, once (late), Daniel 8:5 וְאֵין נֹגֵעַ בָּאָרֶץ and (it) was not touching the earth.
• Feminine once, Job 35:15 with the finite verb; but read here כִּי אֵין מֹקֵד (the usage of Syriac, cited by Delitzsch, does not justify the anomaly in Hebrew); Jeremiah 38:5 the imperfect may be due to the fact that no participle of יָכֹל was in use, and a relation must be tacitly supplied: 'The king is not (one that) can do aught against you.' On Exodus 3:2 see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar §52,2 R. 6; Ewald §169d.

3. With לְ, There is (Was) Not to ... = ... Have, Has, Had, etc. Not

• Genesis 11:30 אֵין לָהּ וָלָד she had no child;
• Numbers 27:9 וְאִם אֵין לוֹ בַּת and if he have no daughter + often;
• With a participle Deuteronomy 22:27; Jeremiah 14:16; Jeremiah 30:17; Jeremiah 49:5; Jeremiah 50:32; Psalm 142:5; Lamentations 1:2, 9, 17;
• Exodus 22:2 אִם אֵין לוֹ if he have nought;
• Daniel 9:26 וְאֵין לוֹ and have nought (or none).

4. In Circumstantial Clauses (Driver §164)

• (a) Exodus 21:11 she shall go out free אֵין כָּסֶף without money; Exodus 22:9 אֵין רֹאֵה none seeing it; Numbers 11:6; Isaiah 47:1; Jeremiah 2:32; Hosea 3:4; Hosea 7:11; Psalm 32:9; Psalm 88:5 +.
• (b) Deuteronomy 32:4 a God of faithfulness וְאֵין עָוֶל and no iniquity, i.e. without iniquity; Jeremiah 5:21; Joel 1:6; Psalm 104:25.
• (c) Very often, in such phrases as וְאֵין מַחֲרִיד with none to affright Leviticus 26:6 (12 times); וְאֵין מְכַבֶּה Isaiah 1:31 and elsewhere; וְאֵין מַצִּיל Isaiah 5:29; Psalm 7:3, etc. (Driver §159).

5. With Infinitive and לְ, It is Not to ... : i.e.

• (a) Like οὐκ ἔστιν, it is not possible to ... (compare below יֵשׁ and לֹא), but hardly except in late Hebrew; 2 Chronicles 20:6 וְאֵין עִמְּךָ לְהִתְיַצֵּב it is not possible to stand (in conflict) with thee; 2 Chronicles 22:9; Ezra 9:15; Ecclesiastes 3:14; Esther 4:2. Once without לְ, Psalm 40:6 אֵין עֲרֹךְ אֵלֶיךָ οὐκ ἔστι παραβάλλειν σοι.
• (β) There is no need to ... 1 Chronicles 23:26 וְגַם לַלְּוִיִּם אֵין לָשֵׂאת for the Levites also there was no need to bear; 2 Chronicles 5:11; 2 Chronicles 35:15 (see Driver §202.1).

6. With Prefixes

• a. בְּאֵין Properly in defect of: (α) for want of, without — Proverbs 5:23 He will die בְּאֵין מוּסָר for lack of instruction; Proverbs 11:14 בְּאֵין תַּחְבֻּלוֹת without guidance; Proverbs 14:4; Proverbs 15:22; Proverbs 26:20; Proverbs 29:18; Isaiah 57:1; Ezekiel 38:11; compare בְּלֹא. (β) of time = when there was (were) not Proverbs 8:24 (twice in verse).
• b. כְּאֵין Isaiah 59:10 כְּאֵין עֵינַיִם in poetry for כַּאֲשֶׁר אֵין לוֹ עֵינַיִם (compare Ewald §286g; Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar §152.1h).
• c. לְאֵין (α) for לַאֲשֶׁר אֵין לוֹ Isaiah 40:29; in late prose 2 Chronicles 14:10; Nehemiah 8:10. (β) in the condition of not ... (לְ of state, see below לְ) = without or so that not ... (peculiar to Chronicles), 1 Chronicles 22:4 cedar trees לְאֵין מִסְפָּר without number; 2 Chronicles 14:12 and there fell of the Cushites לְאֵין לָהֶם מִחְיָה so that they had none remaining alive; 2 Chronicles 20:25 לְאֵין מַשָּׂא so that there was no carrying away; 2 Chronicles 21:18; Ezra 9:14. (γ) עַד לְאֵין (see עַד לְ), 2 Chronicles 36:16 until there was no remedy (compare עַד אֵין — Psalm 40:13; Job 5:9).
• d. מֵאֵין (a) (מִן causal) from lack of ... Isaiah 50:2; Jeremiah 7:32; Jeremiah 19:11. (β) (מִן negative, see מִן) properly away from there being no ... (with אֵין pleonastic, compare מִבְּלִי, and מִבְּלִי אֵין), i.e. so that not ..., without, mostly epexegetical of some term expressing desolation: Isaiah 5:9 Surely many houses shall be desolate מֵאֵין יוֹשֵׁב without inhabitant; Isaiah 6:11 מֵאֵין אָדָם; Jeremiah 32:43 מֵאֵין אָדָם וְבַהֲמָה; Jeremiah 33:10, 12; Ezekiel 33:28; Lamentations 3:49. Once followed by infinitive Malachi 2:13 so that there is no regarding more. (γ) in Jeremiah 10:6, 7 מֵאֵין כָּמוֹךָ, מֵאֵין is supposed by some to = a strengthened אֵין, even none, none at all; but it is difficult to justify this explanation logically; and it is preferable to point מֵאַיִּין כָּמוֹךָ whence is any like thee? compare Jeremiah 30:7. (So Hitzig; see Driver, Hebraica ii. 34-7.)

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Theodor Nöldeke, Mandäische Grammatik, Halle, 1875.

³ S. R. Driver, Hebrew Tenses, 3rd ed., Oxford, 1892.

Noun common both singular construct

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0369:

No stats available

בארון בָּאָרוֹן

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ארון

ʼârôwn

Definition

a box

Root

or ארן; from H717 (ארה) (in the sense of gathering);

Exhaustive

or ארן; from ארה (in the sense of gathering); a box; ark, chest, coffin.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H727

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֲרוֹן

noun feminine / noun masculine • Root ארה • Lemma_Lookup • Page 186

Chest, box; mummy-case, sarcophagus; money-chest; most frequently the sacred ark.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֲרוֹן

com. • Root ארה • Page 71

Chest, box (1 Sam. 6:8, 2 K. 12:10); chest of God (1 Sam. 3:3); chest of the covenant (Josh. 3:6); coffin, mummy-chest (Gen. 50:26).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H727

I. אָרוֹן (approximate number of occurrences: 203) noun masculine Exodus 35:12 (feminine 1 Samuel 4:17; 2 Chronicles 8:11) — chest, ark¹.

Cognates:

• Phoenician אַרֹן, sarcophagus
• Assyrian ērēnu (and ērû) chest (H. Zimmern²)
• Arabic بِسْمِ, chest
• Aramaic ܠܐܠܗܐ
• Nabataean אַרְנָא (C. J. M. de Vogüé³, p. 102)
• Phoenician (additional)
• Mishna also plural אֲרוֹנוֹת

— אָרוֹן absolute 2 Kings 12:10; 2 Chronicles 24:8; with article הָאָרוֹן Deuteronomy 10:2; Exodus 25:14; Leviticus 16:2; Numbers 3:31; Numbers 10:35; הָאָרֹן Exodus 25:14 (twice in verse) + 13 times in Exodus; construct אָרוֹן Exodus 25:10 +; אָרֹן Exodus 30:6; Numbers 4:5; Numbers 7:89 — only singular.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Chest for money-offerings

• 2 Kings 12:10; 2 Kings 12:11; 2 Chronicles 24:8; 2 Chronicles 24:10; 2 Chronicles 24:11 (twice in verse)

b. Sarcophagus, mummy-case

• Genesis 50:26 (Elohist Source⁴)

c. Chest, ark in tabernacle and temple

Containing tables of law, with cherubim above, the especially seat of יְהוָה among his people, only Hexateuch (71 times), Samuel (61 times), Kings (12 times), and Chronicles (48 times) + Judges 20:27; Jeremiah 3:16; Psalm 132:8; used alone and in various combinations (compare Seyring, Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 1891, 114 ff.).

• Indefinite: אָרוֹן עֲצֵי שִׁטִּים an ark of shittim-wood Exodus 25:10; Deuteronomy 10:3 compare Deuteronomy 10:1
• Definite: הָאָרוֹן Exodus 25:14 54 times (Hexateuch Priests' Code, except Joshua Jehovist Elohist; Samuel Kings Chronicles)
• With Yahweh: יְהוָה הָאָרוֹן Joshua 4:11 32 times (Joshua Jehovist Elohist Deuteronomist; Samuel Kings Chronicles)
• With Elohim: אֱלֹהִים הָאָרוֹן 1 Samuel 3:3; 1 Samuel 4:11; הָאֱלֹהִים הָאָרוֹן 1 Samuel 4:13 32 times (Samuel, Chronicles; but 1 Samuel 14:18 (twice in verse) read הָאֵפוֹד according to Wellhausen, Driver⁵), compare אֱלֹהֵיכֶם הָאָרוֹן 1 Chronicles 13:3
• Philistine term: אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הָאָרוֹן 1 Samuel 5:7 6 times (Samuel); יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הָאָרוֹן 1 Chronicles 15:12, 1 Chronicles 15:14; יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם הָאָרוֹן Joshua 4:5 (Jehovist Elohist); הָאָרוֹן אֲדֹנָי יְהוָה 1 Kings 2:26; יְהוָה אֲדוֹן כָּל־הָאָרֶץ הָאָרוֹן Joshua 3:13 (Jehovist Elohist Deuteronomist) compare אֲדוֹן כָּל־הָאָרֶץ [הַבְּרִית] הָאָרוֹן Joshua 3:11, where הַבְּרִית (with article) is probably interpolated, see Dillmann; only once and late the long phrase הָאֱלֹהִים יְהוָה יוֹשֵׁב הָאָרוֹן הַכְּרוּבִים אֲשֶׁר נִקְרָא שֶׁמּוֹ 1 Chronicles 13:6
• In combination with ברית: largely Deuteronomist and under Deuteronomist's influence; אָרוֹן הַבְּרִית ark of the covenant Joshua 3:6 (twice in verse); Joshua 3:8; Joshua 4:9; Joshua 6:6 (all Jehovist Elohist Deuteronomist); בְּרִית יְהוָה הָאָרוֹן Numbers 10:33; Numbers 14:44 (both Jehovist); Deuteronomy 10:8; Deuteronomy 31:9, Deuteronomy 31:25; Joshua 4:7, Joshua 4:18; Joshua 6:8; Joshua 8:33; Jeremiah 3:16 17 times (Samuel Kings Chronicles); once longer צְבָאוֹת יֹשֵׁב הַכְּרֻבִּים בְּרִית יְהוָה הָאָרוֹן 1 Samuel 4:4; also בְּרִית הָאֱלֹהִים הָאָרוֹן Judges 20:27; 1 Samuel 4:4; 2 Samuel 15:24; 1 Chronicles 16:6; and אֱלֹהֵיכֶם בְּרִית אֵל הָאָרוֹן Deuteronomy 31:26; Joshua 3:3
• Ark of the testimony: אָרוֹן הָעֵדוּת ark of the testimony, only in Priests' Code, corresponding to בְּרִית הָאָרוֹן (compare Dillmann on Exodus 25:16), Exodus 25:22 8 times in Exodus; Numbers 4:5; Numbers 7:84; Joshua 4:16
• Other combinations: הַקֹּדֶשׁ הָאָרוֹן 2 Chronicles 35:3; עֻזֶּךָ הָאָרוֹן the ark of thy strength 2 Chronicles 6:41; Psalm 132:8

(Compare also tables given by Seyring, loc. cit., and his theory as to earliest designation of ark.)

אַרְנֶבֶּת see אָרֶבֶת. אַרְנִיָּה see אָרוֹנִיָּה.

¹ The Hebrew offers no positive proof of gender in some cases, as indicated by brackets in the original.

² H. Zimmern, Akkadische Fremdwörter als Beweis für babylonischen Kultureinfluss, Leipzig, 1915 (BP = Babylonische Parallelen).

³ C. J. M. de Vogüé, Syrie Centrale: Inscriptions sémitiques, Paris, 1868.

⁴ Elohist Source (E) refers to one of the traditional sources of the Pentateuch.

⁵ J. Wellhausen, Die Composition des Hexateuchs und der historischen Bücher des Alten Testaments, Berlin, 1899; S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text and the Topography of the Books of Samuel, Oxford, 1913.

Preposition -Within Art, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0727:

No stats available

רק רַ֗ק

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

רק

raq

Definition

properly, leanness, i.e. (figuratively) limitation; only adverbial, merely, or conjunctional, although

Root

the same as H7534 (רק) as a noun;

Exhaustive

the same as רק as a noun; properly, leanness, i.e. (figuratively) limitation; only adverbial, merely, or conjunctional, although; but, even, except, howbeit howsoever, at the least, nevertheless, nothing but, notwithstanding, only, save, so (that), surely, yet (so), in any wise.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7535

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רַק

adjective / substantive / adverb • Root רקק • Strongs / High • Page 1357

1. adj. m.: broken, crushed, reduced, thin, lean, withered. 2. subst./adv.: leanness, hence fig. limitation, only, except, mere, wholly, entirely.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רַק

adjective / adv. • Root רקק • Page 629

1. as an adj. thin (Gen. 41:19, 20, 27). 2. as an adv. (1) only (Gen. 6:5, Is. 4:1). (2) at the beginning of a sentence, indeed, certainly, surely (Gen. 20:11, Num. 5:6, Ps. 32:6). Verbal from רָקַק.

Adverb

LXX: πλὴν --- ἀλλὰ ἀλλ' δὲ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7535:

πλὴν 57× (54.2%)

--- 9× (8.6%)

ἀλλὰ 8× (7.6%)

ἀλλ' 6× (5.7%)

δὲ 3× (2.9%)

καὶ 3× (2.9%)

'' 3× (2.4%)

μόνον 2× (1.9%)

χωρὶσ 2× (1.9%)

שני שְׁנֵי

twofold/second

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שנים

shᵉnayim

Definition

two; also (as ordinal) twofold

Root

dual of H8145 (שני); feminine שתים;

Exhaustive

dual of שני; feminine שתים; two; also (as ordinal) twofold; both, couple, double, second, twain, [phrase] twelfth, [phrase] twelve, [phrase] twenty (sixscore) thousand, twice, two.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8147

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שְׁנַיִם

numeral • Root שנה • Strongs / High • Page 1459

Two. (Masculine dual numeral, absolute state; construct state is שְׁנֵי). Used as a numeral, substitute, or adjective, referring to a pair or the double.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שְׁנַיִם

masc. dual • Root שנה • Page 691

two. Includes contracted forms שְׁנֵי and שְׁתֵּי used for the number twelve. References: Gen. 7: 9, 15; Gen. 2: 25.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8147

I. שְׁנַ֫יִם, שְׁתַּיִם (approximate number of occurrences: 768) noun masculine and feminine dual — two.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Phoenician אשנם
• Punic שנם
• Arabic اثنان
• Sabean תֿני
• Aramaic תְּרֵין, תַּרְתֵּין
• Nabataean תרין
• Palmyrene feminine תרתן, תרתיא
• Assyrian šinâ

— masculine (with masculine noun) שְׁנַיִם Amos 3:3 +; construct שְׁנֵי Isaiah 7:16 +; suffix שְׁנֵיהֶם Genesis 2:25 +, etc.; feminine (with feminine noun) שְׁתַּיִם Amos 4:8 +; construct שְׁתֵּי Genesis 4:19, וּשְׁתֵּי Isaiah 7:21 +, etc., מִשְּׁתֵֿי Judges 16:28 (see GFM¹); Hexateuch chiefly P².

1. No other number

a. Usually construct before plural noun

• שְׁנֵי (+ צְמִידִים) Genesis 24:22 (19 times) + 2 Samuel 23:20 // 1 Chronicles 11:22
• שְׁתֵּי (+ נָשִׁים) Genesis 4:19 (132 times)
• שְׁתֵּי־אֵֿלֶּה Isaiah 47:9 both these things
• Before singular noun, שְׁנֵי Exodus 16:22
• suffix שְׁנֵיהֶם the two of them Genesis 2:25 (62 times)
• שְׁתֵּיהֶם (masculine suffix) Ruth 1:19; Ruth 4:11

b. Absolute

• (1) שְׁנַ֫יִם (90 times), before plural noun Judges 11:37; after plural noun 2 Samuel 1:1; Exodus 29:1
• Distributive שְׁנַיִם שְׁנַיִם Genesis 7:9 +
• לִשְׁנַיִם cut in two 2 Kings 3:25; Jeremiah 34:18
• As double amount Exodus 22:3; Exodus 22:6; Exodus 22:8 (Elohist Source)
• מִּי שְׁנַיִם Deuteronomy 21:17 double portion
• (2) שְׁתַּ֫יִם (55 times) before plural noun 1 Kings 3:16
• As ordinal בִּשְׁנַת שְׁתַּיִם לְ 1 Kings 15:25
• (3) As round number, שְׁנַיִם עֵצִים 1 Kings 17:12 a few sticks
• פַּעַם וּשְׁתָּ֑יִם Nehemiah 13:20

2. Twelve

• With noun masculine שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר Genesis 42:13 (87 times); לִשְׁנֵי עָשָׂר Exodus 28:21
• With noun feminine שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה Exodus 24:4 (34 times)
• As ordinal, בִּשְׁתֵּי עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה Ezekiel 32:1

3. With larger number

• 10 + 2 2 Samuel 8:5; Judges 10:3
• 2 + 20 1 Chronicles 24:17
• Ordinal 2 Kings 15:27

¹ G. F. Moore, Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Judges (1895).

² Priestly Code / Narrative.

Noun common both dual construct

LXX: δύο δώδεκα '' δέκα ἀμφότεροι

LXX Usage Statistics

H8147:

δύο 437× (51.1%)

δώδεκα 72× (8.9%)

'' 47× (5.2%)

δέκα 35× (4.4%)

ἀμφότεροι 26× (3.3%)

ἀμφότερα 21× (2.7%)

εἴκοσι 19× (2.3%)

δυσὶν 16× (1.6%)

ἀμφοτέρων 15× (1.9%)

--- 13× (1.7%)

לחות לֻחוֹת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

לוח

lûwach

Definition

probably meaning to glisten; a tablet (as polished), of stone, wood or metal

Root

or לח; from a primitive root;

Exhaustive

or לח; from a primitive root; probably meaning to glisten; a tablet (as polished), of stone, wood or metal; board, plate, table.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3871

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לוּחַ

verb • Root לוח • Strongs / High • Page 776

(not used) intransitive: to lighten, to shine, to glitter, then to glow, to burn, to dry up, to be sun-burnt.

לוּחַ

verb • Root לוח • Strongs / High • Page 776

(not used) transitive: to cut off, to divide, to separate; a plate, a table of wood or stone, a board, a layer.

לוּחַ

masculine noun • Root לוח • Strongs / High • Page 776

A table, a plate, a tablet; can be made of stone, wood, or metal. Often refers to the tablets of the law.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לוּחַ

noun masculine • Page 343

A tablet. (1.) of stone, to engrave upon. (2.) of wood. (3.) in a metaphorical sense, the tablet of the heart.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3871

I. לוּחַ noun masculine — tablet, board or plank, plate.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Aramaic לוּחָא
• Arabic لوح (compare Spiro³, Buhl⁴)
• Ethiopic ሉሕ
• Assyrian li±û (as if from לחה, compare Dl¹), lêjum or lêyum (compare Jäger²)

— לוּחַ absolute Isaiah 30:8; construct לוּחַ Proverbs 3:3 (4 times); dual לֻחֹתָ֑יִם Ezekiel 27:5; plural לוחֹת (לֻחוֺת, לֻחֹת) absolute Exodus 32:16 (17 times); construct Deuteronomy 4:13 (16 times).

1. Chiefly of stone tablets on which ten words were written

• Exodus 24:12; Exodus 31:18; Exodus 32:16 (twice), Exodus 32:19 (Elohist Source)
• Exodus 34:1 (3 times), Exodus 34:4 (twice), Exodus 34:28 (Jehovist Source)
• Deuteronomy 4:13; Deuteronomy 5:19; Deuteronomy 9:9–11, Deuteronomy 9:17; Deuteronomy 10:1–5
• 1 Kings 8:9; 2 Chronicles 5:10
• לוּחֹת הָעֵדֻת Exodus 31:18, Exodus 32:15; compare Exodus 34:29 (Priestly Code)
• לוּחֹת הַבְּרִית Deuteronomy 9:9, 11, 15
• Tablet for writing prophecy Isaiah 30:8 (+ סֵפֶר), Habakkuk 2:2
• figurative, לוּחַ לָבְּךָ Proverbs 3:3; Proverbs 7:3 (for writing wise counsel); compare Jeremiah 17:1 (inscribing sin of Judah)

Note on Verbs: Verbs used with לוּחַ include כָּתַב Exodus 31:18, Exodus 32:15, Deuteronomy 9:10; כָּתַב עַל Exodus 34:1, Exodus 34:28, Deuteronomy 4:13, Deuteronomy 5:19, Deuteronomy 10:2, Deuteronomy 10:4, Proverbs 3:3, Proverbs 7:3, Isaiah 30:8; חָרַשׁ עַל Jeremiah 17:1; כָּרַת Deuteronomy 9:9; חָרַת עַל Exodus 32:16; בֵּאֵר עַל Habakkuk 2:2.

2. Wooden boards or planks

• Composing altar of tabernacle Exodus 27:8; Exodus 38:7
• Planks composing ship (figurative of Tyre) Ezekiel 27:5
• Of a door לוּחַ אָ֑רֶז Song of Solomon 8:9

3. Metal plates

• On bases of lavers in Solomon's temple 1 Kings 7:36

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (1896) (Dl HWB).

² J. Jäger, Beiträge zur Assyriologie und vergleichenden semitischen Sprachwissenschaft (BAS), i. 486.

³ Spiro, Arabic-English Vocabulary of the Colloquial Arabic of Egypt.

⁴ Frants Buhl, editor of Gesenius' Handwörterbuch.

⁵ Elohist Source.

⁶ Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁷ Priestly Code / Narrative.

Noun common feminine plural construct

LXX: πλάκασ πλάκεσ πλακῶν '' πλαξὶν

LXX Usage Statistics

H3871:

πλάκασ 17× (42.1%)

πλάκεσ 8× (19.0%)

πλακῶν 3× (6.5%)

'' 3× (6.5%)

πλαξὶν 2× (4.4%)

האבנים הָאֲבָנִים

the Stones

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אבן

ʼeben

Definition

a stone

Root

from the root of H1129 (בנה) through the meaning to build;

Exhaustive

from the root of בנה through the meaning to build; a stone; [phrase] carbuncle, [phrase] mason, [phrase] plummet, (chalk-, hail-, head-, sling-) stone(-ny), (divers) weight(-s).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H68

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֶבֶן

noun feminine • Root אבן • Strongs_Numbers • Page 54

A rock, a stone; often as material: smooth stones, precious stones, ore.

אֶבֶן

noun feminine • Root אבן • Strongs_Numbers • Page 55

A stone. (Definite form: אַבְנָא). Used in Daniel 2:34, 45. Also 'a burdensome stone' (Ezra 5:8, 6:4), referring to heavy large stones.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶבֶן

noun feminine • Page 22

1. stone (Gen. 31: 46; Job 28: 2). 2. by way of eminence, a precious stone (1 K. 10: 2, 11). 3. rock, fortress, in a metaphorical sense (Gen. 49: 24). 4. a weight (Zech. 5: 8; Is. 34: 11). 5. אֶבֶן הָעֵזֶר (stone of help) proper name of a stone placed by Samuel (1 Sam. 4: 1). 6. אֶבֶן הָאָזֶל (stone of departure) proper name (1 Sam. 20: 19).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H68

I. אֶבֶן (approximate number of occurrences: 274) noun feminine Genesis 29:2 (masculine 1 Samuel 17:40 ?) — stone.

Cognates:

• Assyrian abnu
• Phoenician אבן
• Aramaic אֶבֶן
• Syriac ܐܒܢܐ
• Ethiopic እብን
• Sabean [ם]אב (D. H. Müller¹, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 1883, 341)

— אֶבֶן absolute Genesis 28:22 +; אָבֶן Genesis 11:3 +; construct Genesis 49:24 +; suffix אַבְנוֹ 2 Kings 3:25; אֲבָנִים Genesis 31:46 +, etc.; — a stone (large or small).

1. In Natural State

• Used as pillow Genesis 28:11, Genesis 28:18 (E²);
• Seat Exodus 17:12 (E);
• Cover of well Genesis 29:2, Genesis 29:3 (twice in verse); Genesis 29:8, Genesis 29:10 (J);
• Causation of stumbling Isaiah 8:14;
• Marring good ground 2 Kings 3:19, 2 Kings 3:25;
• Hand-missile Exodus 21:18 (JE) Numbers 35:17, Numbers 35:23 (P) 2 Samuel 16:6, 2 Samuel 16:13;
• Especially in judicial stoning, with verb רָגַם Leviticus 20:2, Leviticus 20:27; Leviticus 24:23; Numbers 14:10; Numbers 15:35, Numbers 15:36; Joshua 7:25a (all P), so also Deuteronomy 21:21; 2 Chronicles 24:21; Ezekiel 16:40; Ezekiel 23:47; compare 1 Kings 12:18 2 Chronicles 10:18;
• With verb סָקַל Deuteronomy 13:11; Deuteronomy 17:5; Deuteronomy 22:21, Deuteronomy 22:24; 1 Kings 21:13; also Joshua 7:25b (JE or D);
• Sling-stones Judges 20:16; 1 Samuel 17:40, 1 Samuel 17:49 (twice in verse); 1 Samuel 17:50; 2 Chronicles 26:14;
• Hurled by engines 2 Chronicles 26:15;
• Set up for inscribing law Deuteronomy 27:2, Deuteronomy 27:4, Deuteronomy 27:8; Joshua 8:32 (all D);
• As memorial Joshua 4:3, Joshua 4:5, Joshua 4:6, Joshua 4:7, Joshua 4:8, Joshua 4:9, Joshua 4:20, Joshua 4:21 (JED) 1 Samuel 7:12;
• As sacred pillar (מַצֵּבָה) Genesis 28:18; Genesis 35:14 (anointed with oil), Genesis 28:22 (= בֵּית אֱלֹהִים) compare רֹעֶה אֶבֶן יִשְׂרָאֵל Genesis 49:24 (see Dillmann);
• As witness Genesis 31:45 compare Joshua 24:26, Joshua 24:27 (all JE);
• Plural gathered into heap (גַּל) over dead, Joshua 7:26 (see Dillmann) Joshua 8:29; compare Joshua 10:18, Joshua 10:27 (JE) 2 Samuel 18:17;
• גַּל on which meal was eaten, in a compact Genesis 31:46 (twice in verse) (JE);
• Built into altar Exodus 20:25; Deuteronomy 27:5, Deuteronomy 27:6 (JED) Joshua 8:31; 1 Kings 18:31, 1 Kings 18:32, 1 Kings 18:38; compare 2 Kings 23:15 (for הַבָּמָה) (Klostermann);
• Of figured stone (forbidden) מַשְׂכִּית אֶבֶן Leviticus 26:1 (H);
• גְּדוֹלָה אֶבֶן where ark rested 1 Samuel 6:14, 1 Samuel 6:15 also 1 Samuel 6:18 (see אַבֶל quod vide).

2. As Material

• Of tablets Exodus 24:12; Exodus 31:18; Exodus 34:1 (plural) Exodus 34:4; Exodus 34:4 (JE) Deuteronomy 4:13; Deuteronomy 5:19; Deuteronomy 9:9, Deuteronomy 9:10, Deuteronomy 9:11; Deuteronomy 10:1, Deuteronomy 10:3;
• Of vessels, hence probably Exodus 7:19 (P; אֶבֶן = vessels of stone " עֲצִיִּים") see Dillmann;
• Idols (" עֵץ") Deuteronomy 4:28; Deuteronomy 28:36, Deuteronomy 28:64; Deuteronomy 29:16; 2 Kings 19:18 = Isaiah 37:19; also Jeremiah 3:9; Ezekiel 20:32;
• Pavement 2 Kings 16:17;
• Edifice 1 Kings 6:7 compare Genesis 11:3; also 2 Samuel 5:11; 2 Kings 12:13; 1 Chronicles 22:15;
• Often plural of (worked) stones Leviticus 14:40, Leviticus 14:42 (twice in verse); Leviticus 14:43, Leviticus 14:45 (P; in wall of house) 2 Kings 22:6 +, compare of city-wall Nehemiah 3:35; of (ruined) city 1 Kings 15:22; Nehemiah 3:34;
• Tomb Isaiah 14:19;
• אֲבָנִים יְקָרוֹת (costly building-stones) 1 Kings 5:31; 1 Kings 7:9, 1 Kings 7:10, 1 Kings 7:11 (see also below 3);
• אַבְנֵי שִׁישׁ = marble (see below) 1 Chronicles 29:2;
• אַבְנֵי גָזִית = hewn stones 1 Kings 5:31; 1 Chronicles 22:2; Ezekiel 40:42 (for altar-tables), — compare גָּזִית;
• מַחְצַב אֶבֶן 2 Kings 12:13; 2 Kings 22:6; 2 Chronicles 34:11;
• Foundation-stone, corner-stone Isaiah 28:16; Jeremiah 51:26; Job 38:6; Psalm 118:22;
• Cap-stone, completing the building, הָרֹאשָׁנָה אֶבֶן הָאֶזֶן Zechariah 4:7 (but see רֹאשׁ מִנָּה Psalm 118:22 as above), Zechariah 3:9 upon one stone seven eyes, probably refers to this cap- or head-stone; the eyes are symbol of God's watchfulness; perhaps explaining cup-stones found in Orient, see Guthe Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins 1890, 129;
• Stone-cutters חָרָשִׁי אֶבֶן 2 Samuel 5:11; 1 Chronicles 22:15; חֹצְבֵי הָאֶבֶן 2 Kings 12:13 compare 1 Chronicles 22:2.

3. Precious Stones

• Generally with modifying word יְקָרָה אֶבֶן collective 2 Samuel 12:30; 1 Kings 10:2 + often (see 2);
• הַשֹּׁהַם אֶבֶן Genesis 2:12 (J) compare Exodus 25:7; Exodus 28:9; Exodus 35:9, Exodus 35:27; Exodus 39:6 (P) 1 Chronicles 29:2;
• מִלֻּאִים אֶבֶן Exodus 25:7; Exodus 35:9, Exodus 35:27 compare 1 Chronicles 29:2;
• סַמִּיר אֶבֶן Ezekiel 1:26; Ezekiel 10:1;
• אַבְנֵי אֶקְדָּח Isaiah 54:12;
• חֹפֶץ אֶבֶן ibid.;
• אַבְנֵי פוּךְ וְרִקְמָה 1 Chronicles 29:2;
• חֵן אֶבֶן Proverbs 17:8;
• On אַבְנֵי אֵשׁ (stones of fire) Ezekiel 28:14, Ezekiel 28:16 as precious stones = Assyrian aban išāti (?) see Delitzsch Wo lag das Paradies? 118 & Wright 40; but Smend and others thunderbolts;
• Also without distinctive modifier Exodus 25:7; Exodus 35:9;
• חָרַשׁ אֶבֶן engraver in stone Exodus 28:11; compare Exodus 31:5; Exodus 35:33 (P).

4. Stones Containing Metal, Ore

• Deuteronomy 8:9 (see Dillmann) Job 28:2 compare Job 28:3.

5. A Weight

• Originally stone (see Proverbs 27:3 compare English weight stone = 14 lb) אַבְנֵי כִּיס Proverbs 16:11 (compare Assyrian Delitzsch Wo lag das Paradies? 38);
• הַמֶּלַח אֶבֶן 2 Samuel 14:26 (i.e. accusative to royal standard; compare Genesis 23:16);
• וָאֶבֶן Deuteronomy 25:13; Proverbs 20:10, Proverbs 20:23 (i.e. different weights, for dishonest use);
• כִּיס אַבְנֵי מִרְמָה Micah 6:11;
• Just weights אַבְנֵי צֶדֶק Leviticus 19:36;
• שֶׁלֶמָה אֶבֶן Proverbs 11:1;
• Hence also heavy mass of metal (lead) Zechariah 5:8.

6. Plummet

• Isaiah 34:11 (stones of devastation, or emptiness, compare on sense 2 Kings 21:13; Amos 7:7, 8); also made of metal הַבְּדִיל אֶבֶן הָאֶזֶן Zechariah 4:10 (conversely plummet from plumbum).

7. Objects Like Stones; Particle Hail

• Explicitly, אַבְנֵי הַבָּרָד Joshua 10:11 compare Isaiah 30:30;
• אֶלְגָּבִישׁ אֶבֶן Ezekiel 13:11, Ezekiel 13:18; Ezekiel 38:22;
• But also אֲבָנִים גְּדֹלֹת Joshua 10:11 (E) (compare Assyrian Delitzsch Wo lag das Paradies? 38);
• Lime-stones אַבְנֵי גִּיר Isaiah 27:9.

8. In Simile (Mostly Poetry)

• Of sinking in water Exodus 15:5 = Nehemiah 9:11;
• Motionlessness Exodus 15:16;
• Strength Job 6:12;
• Firmness Job 41:16;
• Solidity (of ice) Job 38:30;
• In prose, of commonness 1 Kings 10:27; 2 Chronicles 1:15;
• Also metaphor of one in fear 1 Samuel 25:37 (i.e. petrified with terror, compare Exodus 15:16 above);
• אֶבֶן לֵב = perverse, hard heart Ezekiel 11:19; Ezekiel 36:26;
• אַבְנֵי נֵזֶר Zechariah 9:16 (of ransomed Israel) — אֶבֶן personified Habakkuk 2:11 compare Ezekiel 13:11 (see 7 above).

9. In Topographic Terms (Nearly = Proper Name)

• אֶבֶן בֹּהַן Joshua 15:6; Joshua 18:17;
• הָעֶזֶר אֶבֶן 1 Samuel 5:1;
• Compare 1 Samuel 7:12, also 1 Samuel 4:1 (Wellhausen Driver);
• הַזֹּחֶלֶת אֶבֶן 1 Kings 1:9 (where Wellhausen Skizzen III, 171 compare Arabic Zuhal = Saturn).

אַרְגָּב noun masculine heap, mound (probably); — so read 1 Samuel 20:19 (for אֶבֶן), 1 Samuel 20:41 (for נָּנִי), see Targum (αργαβ, ἁργαβ), Thenius Wellhausen Driver Klostermann Budde Haupt Studien.

II. אֶבֶן noun feminine Daniel 2:34 stone (Biblical Hebrew idem); — absolute אֶבֶן Daniel 2:34 +; אַבְנָא Daniel 2:35; — 1 a (the) stone Daniel 2:34, Daniel 2:35, Daniel 2:45; Daniel 6:18. 2 stone, material of idols Daniel 5:4, Daniel 5:23; of buildings Ezra 5:8; Ezra 6:4.

¹ D. H. Müller, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 1883, 341.

² J = Jehovist (Yahwist) Source; E = Elohist Source.

Particle definite article, Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0068:

No stats available

אשר אֲשֶׁר

who/which

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אשר

ʼăsher

Definition

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.

Root

a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number);

Exhaustive

a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number); who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.; [idiom] after, [idiom] alike, as (soon as), because, [idiom] every, for, [phrase] forasmuch, [phrase] from whence, [phrase] how(-soever), [idiom] if, (so) that ((thing) which, wherein), [idiom] though, [phrase] until, [phrase] whatsoever, when, where ([phrase] -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, [phrase] whither(-soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun expletively, used to show the connection.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H834

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֲשֶׁר

noun proper • Root אשיר אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Proper name of a city east of Shechem, on the border of Manasseh.

אֲשֶׁר

pronoun relative • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Relative pronoun: who, which; forming the relative in prose.

אֲשֶׁר

relative particle • Lemma_Lookup • Page 205

A relative particle or pronoun (who, which, that). It serves to connect a following clause with a preceding noun or pronoun. It can function as the subject or object within its clause (often supplemented by a pronominal suffix). In the accusative, it acts as a subordinate conjunction expressing relations of place (where, whither), time (when), and manner (as, that). It forms various compound conjunctions with prepositions, such as עַל אֲשֶׁר (wherefore, because), בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר (wherever), and כַּאֲשֶׁר (as).

אֲשֶׁר

pronoun relative / conjunction • Lemma_Lookup • Page 206

Relative pronoun and conjunction: that, which, where, so that, because, in order that. Used to express object and design, clauses relating to time (when), or causal relationships.

אֲשַׁר

verb • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 212

(not used) Aram. equivalent to Hebr אֶתֶר.

אֲשֻׁר

masc. / fem. • Root אשר אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

1. A tree, commonly sherbin-cedar, larch, or box-tree. 2. A step, walk.

אֶשֶׁר

noun masculine • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

Name of a tree; also the proper name of a city.

אֶשֶׁר

noun masculine / noun proper • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

Happy; used as a proper name Asher (son of Jacob and the tribe named after him).

אֶשֶׁר

noun masculine • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Fortune, happiness; hence as an interjection in the construct state: hail! happy!

אָשֵׁר

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

To be connected, united (equivalent to אָסַר).

אָשַׁר

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

To go about, run about; to go, to walk, to step along.

אָשַׁר

verb • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

To be united, by love, marriage, etc.; to be firm, strong, pressed together.

אָשַׁר

verb • Root ישר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

To be straight (even of a way); in a moral sense: to be right, honest, upright; to be prosperous, happy.

אָשַׁר

verb • Root עשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1143

(which see); Ar. the same, hence עָשִׁיר a spouse, an associate. Deriv. אֲשֵׁרָה, עֲשֵׁרָה, עָשִׁירָה.

אָשֻׁר

noun masculine • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Step, walk.

אֹשֶׁר

noun masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Prosperity.

אֻשַּׁר

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

To be led, guided.

אֲשֶׁר אַחֲרֵי־כֵן

adverbial phrase • Lemma_Lookup • Page 708

After that.

אֲשַׂרְאֵל

noun proper masculine • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 206

Proper noun, masculine. ('El is allied). Found in 1 Chr. 4, 16. Equivalent to the Phenician Osiris, an epithet of Ba'al.

אֲשַׂרְאֵלָה

noun proper masculine • Root אשר אלה • Lemma_Lookup • Page 206

Proper noun, masculine. Found in 1 Chr. 25, 2. A variant reading is יְשַׂרְאֵלָה (Jesharelah).

אֲשֵׁרָה

noun feminine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 206

Name of a Phenician goddess, sometimes identified with the Sidonian Astarte; also refers to the wooden image/pillar of the goddess standing beside the altar of Ba'al.

אָשֵׁרִי

adjective • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Gentile of Asher; Asherite.

אֲשְׂרִיאֵל

noun proper masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 207

Proper name of a man (Num. 26:31; Josh. 17:2).

אֲשֵׁרִים

noun masculine plural • Lemma_Lookup • Page 207

Male images of Baal, of wood, symbolising Baal as a generating power, and distinct from images of Ashera.

אֻשַּׁרְנָא

noun masculine (aramaic) • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 207

A wall (Ezr. 5:3), properly a firm thing. Formed from אָשַׁר with the termination na.

אֲשֶׁר עַל־הַבַּיִת

phrase • Lemma_Lookup • Page 238

head of the palace, minister of the court

אֶת־אֲשֶׁר

relative phrase • Lemma_Lookup • Page 87

the person whom or the thing which

כַּאֲשֶׁר

conjunction • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 669

as, when, according as, since.

תְּלַאשַּׂר

unknown • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1515

see תְּלָאשֶׁר.

תְּלָאשָׂר

noun proper • Root תל אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1513

(as also תְּלַשַּׁר Is. 37, 12, also in mss. תְּלַסַּר) n. p. of a Mesopotamian province and city, inhabited by the בְּנֵי עֶדֶן, and formerly subject to Assyria Is. 37, 12; 2 Kings 19, 12. The word has arisen from תֵּל and אָשָׁר = אָשׂוּר.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֲשֶׁר

pronoun relative • Page 79

Relative pronoun: who, which, that. Used for both genders and numbers. Often acts as a sign of relation for other pronouns and adverbs (e.g., אֲשֶׁר-שָׁם 'where', אֲשֶׁר-מִשָּׁם 'whence').

אֲשֶׁר

adv. or conjunction • Page 80

Used as an adverb or conjunction; signifies (1.) *that, to the end that, ut*; (2.) *that, how that, quod*; (3.) *because*; (4.) *if*; (5.) *for*; (6.) *when*; (7.) *as*; (8.) *where*. References include Gen. 11:7, Deut. 4:40, Ex. 11:7, Jos. 2:10, 1 Sam. 24:19, 1 K. 8:33, Lev. 4:22, Jer. 33:22, Num. 20:13.

אֶשֶׁר

noun • Page 79

Happiness, prosperity; found only in the plural construct אַשְׁרֵי (the happinesses of). (Ps. 1:1, 2:12, 32:1, 33:12; Prov. 3:13, 8:34; Deut. 33:29).

אֶשֶׁר

noun masculine • Root אשר • Page 80

*Prosperity*. Reference: Gen. 30:13.

אָשֵׁר

m. proper name • Page 79

1. A son of Jacob, progenitor of one of the tribes of Israel. 2. A city not far from Shechem (Josh. 17:7).

אָשַׁר

verb • Root ישר • Page 79

1. To go straight, proceed (Prov. 9:6). 2. To be right, suitable, successful, or prosperous (Hab. 2:4). Pi.: To lead or guide straight (Prov. 23:19; Is. 1:17). Pu.: To be guided or pronounced happy (Ps. 41:3; Prov. 3:18).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H834

אַשֶׁר particle of relation (Moabite idem; origin dubious: 1 according to Tsepreghi Diss. Lugd. p. 171 Mühlau Bö. Lb. ii. 79 n. Sta Morg. Forsch. 1875, 188; Lb. § 167 Hom ZMG 1878, 708 ff. Müll § 153 Sayce Hebraica. ii. 51 Lag M. i. 255 & especially Krae Hebraica. vi. 298 ff, originally a substantive 'place' = ܐܠܗܐ footstep, mark, ሀሁሂሄ (do.), אֲתָר, ܐܒܓܕ place, Assyrian ašru, used (see Kraetz.) both as a substantive 'there, where,' and as a relative of place 'where': in Hebrew this development has advanced further, and it has become a relative sign Generally. The chief objection to this explanation is that it would isolate Hebrew from the other Semitic languages, in which pronouns are formed regularly from demonstrative roots (compare also Nö ZMG 1886, 738). 2 according to Phi St. C. 73 Sperling Nota Rel. im Hebr. 1876, 15-22 for אֲשֶׁל, developed from the relative שֶׁ (q. v.) by (1) the prefixing of either a merely prosthetic א, or, better, a pronominal א (giving rise to אש, the form of the relative in Phoenician), and (2) the addition of the demonstrative root ל [found also in אֵל, אֵלָה, הָלָזֶה (q. v.), السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ he who, አማር: who (plural)]: the main objection to this explanation is the change of ל to ר, which is hardly rendered probable by the compare of Syriac ܒܝܫܐ by side of הָלְכָא. 1 seems preferable, the primitive root having acquired different significations in the different Semitic languages, and having been weakened in Hebrew to a mere particle of relation).

Cognates:

• Moabite idem
• Phoenician אש (regularly), also sometimes ש
• Syriac ܐܝܢܐ, ܕ
• Arabic الّذي
• Ethiopic ያ
• Assyrian ašru

A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. As a rule אַשֶׁר is a mere connecting link, and requires to be supplemented (see the grammars) by a pronominal affix, or other word, such as שָׁם, defining the nature of the relation more precisely: e.g. Genesis 1:11 אַשֶׁר זַרְעָהּ literally as to which, its seed is in it = in which is its seed, Psalm 1:4 like the chaff אַשֶׁר תִּדְּפֶנּוּ רוּחַ as to which, the wind drives it = which the wind drives, etc.; & so אַשֶׁר שָׁם = where, אַשֶׁר מִשָּׁם = whence, Genesis 2:11; Genesis 3:23; Genesis 20:13 etc. Sometimes also (see below) the relation expressed by it is specifically temporal, local causal, etc. More particularly

1. Relative Pronoun Uses

it includes its pronominal antecedent, whether in the nominative or oblique cases, as Numbers 22:6 and he whom thou cursest is cursed, Exodus 4:12 and I will teach thee אַשֶׁר תְּדַבֵּר that which thou shalt say; and with particles or prepositions, as אֵת אַשֶׁר (according to the context) him who . . ., those who . . ., that which . . . ; לַאֲשֶׁר to him who . . . Genesis 43:16, to those who . . . Genesis 47:24, to that which Genesis 27:8; מֵאֲשֶׁר Judges 16:30; 2 Samuel 18:18 than those whom; Leviticus 27:24 לַאֲשֶׁר קָנָהוּ מֵאִתּוֹ to him from whom he bought it, Numbers 5:7; Isaiah 24:2 כַּאֲשֶׁר יֵשׁ בּוֹ like him against whom there is a creditor.

2. Pronominal Affix and Defining Adjunct

instances of אַשֶׁר followed by a pronominal affix, or by שָׁם, שָׁמָה, מִשָּׁם, are so common that the examples cited above will be sufficient. Very rarely there occurs the anomalous construction עִם אַשֶׁר Genesis 31:32 for אַשֶׁר עִמּוֹ (see Genesis 44:9), בַּאֲשֶׁר Isaiah 47:12 for אַשֶׁר בָּהֶם, לַאֲשֶׁר for אַשֶׁר לָהֶם Ezekiel 23:40: Psalm 119:49 see under עַל אַשֶׁר. It is followed by the pronoun in the nominative, in the following cases:

• (a) immediately, mostly before an adjective or participle, Genesis 9:3 all moving things אַשֶׁר הוּא חַי which are living, Leviticus 11:26; Numbers 9:13; Numbers 14:8,27; Numbers 35:31; Deuteronomy 20:20; 1 Samuel 10:19 (see Dr) 2 Kings 25:19 ("" Jeremiah 52:25 הָיָה) Jeremiah 27:9; Ezekiel 43:19; Haggai 1:9; Ruth 4:15; Nehemiah 2:18; Ecclesiastes 7:26; before a verb 2 Kings 22:13 (omitted 2 Chronicles 34:21).
• (b) in a negative sentence, at the end: Genesis 7:2; Genesis 17:12; Numbers 17:5; Deuteronomy 17:15 אַשֶׁר לֹא אָחִיךָ הוּא who is not thy brother, Deuteronomy 20:15; Judges 19:12; 1 Kings 8:41 "" 1 Kings 9:20 "".

N.B. Psalm 16:3 אַשֶׁר בָּאָרֶץ הֵמָּה is an unparalleled expression for 'who are in the land'; read אֲשֶׁר בָּאָרֶץ הֵמָּה אֲדִירִי וְגָבְהוּ 'the saints that are in the land, they (הֵמָּה) are the nobles, in whom,' etc.

3. First Person Pronouns

sometimes (though rarely) the defining adjunct is a pronoun of 1 or 2 person as well as of 3 person. In such cases it is strictly to be rendered I who . . ., thou who, etc.; Hosea 14:4 אַשֶׁר בְּךָ יְרֻחָם יָתוּם thou by whom the fatherless is compassionated! Jeremiah 31:32 I, whose covenant they brake, Jeremiah 32:19; Isaiah 49:23; Job 37:17 f. thou whose garments are warm . . ., canst thou? etc., Psalm 71:19; Psalm 71:20; Psalm 144:12 we whose sons, etc., Psalm 139:15 my frame was not hidden from thee, אֲשֶׁר עֻשִּׂיתִי בַסֵּתֶר I who was wrought in secret (= though I was wrought in secret), Exodus 14:13 for ye who have seen the Egyptians to-day, — ye shall not see them again for ever! (compare Psalm 41:9).

4. Dispensing with Defining Adjunct

the defining pron. adjunct is dispensed with — a. when אַשֶׁר represents the simple subject of a sentence, or the direct object of a verb: so constantly, as Genesis 2:1 the work אַשֶׁר עָשָׂה which he made, Genesis 3:3 the tree אַשֶׁר בְּתוֹךְ הַגָּן which is in the midst of the garden, etc. b. after words denoting time, place, or manner, so that אַשֶׁר then becomes equivalent to when, where, why:

• (α) Genesis 6:4 אֲחֲרֵי כֵן אַשֶׁר afterwards, when, etc. (compare 2 Chronicles 35:20) Genesis 45:6 there are still 5 years אַשֶׁר אֵין חָרִישׁ when there shall be no plowing, Joshua 14:10; 1 Kings 22:25; after יוֹם or הַיּוֹם Deuteronomy 4:10; Judges 4:14; 1 Samuel 24:5 (see Dr) 2 Samuel 19:25; Jeremiah 20:14 and elsewhere; similarly Genesis 40:13.
• (β) Genesis 35:13 בַּמָּקוֹם אַשֶׁר דִּבֶּר אִתּוֹ in the place where he spake with him, Genesis 35:14; Genesis 39:20; Numbers 13:27; Numbers 22:26; Deuteronomy 1:31 in the desert which thou sawest, where (accents Ke Di), Deuteronomy 8:15; 1 Kings 8:9 (unless לֻחוֹת הַבְּרִית has here fallen out: see Dr & Deuteronomy 9:9) Isaiah 55:11; Isaiah 64:10; Psalm 84:4.
• So (γ) in אֶל אַשֶׁר to (the place) which (or whither) Exodus 32:34; Ruth 1:16; אֶל כָּל אַשֶׁר to every (place) whither Joshua 1:16; Proverbs 17:8; בַּאֲשֶׁר in (the place) where Judges 5:27; Judges 17:8,9; 1 Samuel 23:13; 2 Kings 8:1; Ruth 1:16,17; Job 39:30, once only with שָׁם Genesis 21:17; בְּכָל אַשֶׁר wheresoever Joshua 1:7,9; Judges 2:15; 1 Samuel 14:47; 1 Samuel 18:5; 2 Samuel 7:7; 2 Kings 18:7; עַל אַשֶׁר to (the place) whither (or which) 2 Samuel 15:20; 1 Kings 18:12; עַל כָּל אַשֶׁר Jeremiah 1:7.
• (δ) זֶה הַדָּבָר אַשֶׁר this is the reason that or why . . . Joshua 5:4; 1 Kings 11:27.

5. Extreme Instances

c. more extreme instances Leviticus 14:22,30,31; Numbers 6:21; Deuteronomy 7:19 (wherewith), Deuteronomy 28:20; 1 Samuel 2:32 (wherein), 1 Kings 2:26; Judges 8:15 (about whom), Isaiah 8:12 (where יֹאמַר would be followed normally by לוֹ), Isaiah 31:6 turn ye to (him as to) whom they have deeply rebelled, Isaiah 47:15; Zephaniah 3:11; Ecclesiastes 3:9; 1 Kings 14:19 (= how).

6. Poetry Usage

d. it is dispensed with only in appearance after אֵת אַשֶׁר אָמַר (אָמַר תִּי followed by the words used, its place being really taken by a pronoun in the speech which follows, as Genesis 3:17 the tree as to which I commanded thee saying, Thou shalt not eat from it, Exodus 22:8; Deuteronomy 28:68; Judges 7:4 (זֶה) Judges 8:15 (where the noun repeated takes the place of the pronoun, compare Deuteronomy 9:2) 1 Samuel 9:17 (זֶה):23 +; compare 2 Samuel 11:16; 2 Kings 17:12; 2 Kings 21:4. 5 אַשֶׁר sometimes in poetry = one who, a man who (men who), ὅστις, οὗτινος, Psalm 24:4; Psalm 55:20; Psalm 95:4; Psalm 95:5; Job 4:19; Job 5:5 (Hi) Job 15:17.

7. Substantive Antecedent Insertion

6 אַשֶׁר occasionally receives its closer definition by a substantive following it, in other words, its logical antecedent is inserted in the relative clause: (a) in the phrase peculiar to Jeremiah, אֶל יְרוּשָׁלַיִם אֶל אַשֶׁר הָיָה דְבַר יְהוָה that which came (of) the word of יְהוָה to Jeremiah Jeremiah 14:1; Jeremiah 46:1; Jeremiah 47:1; Jeremiah 49:34 (compare Ew § 334); (b) Exodus 25:9; Numbers 33:4; 1 Samuel 25:30; 2 Kings 8:12; 2 Kings 12:6 לְכָל אַשֶׁר יִמְצָא שָׁם בַּדֶּקֶת Ezekiel 12:25; compare the Ethiopic usage Di § 201; (c) (antecedent repeated) Genesis 49:30 = Genesis 50:13, 1 Samuel 25:30 (יְהוָה repeated), Isaiah 54:9 (probably) as to which I sware that, etc., Amos 5:1 which I take up over you (as) a dirge.

8. Genitive Circumlocution

7 אֵת אַשֶׁר לְ that (belongs, belong, belonged) to, is used a. either alone or preceded by כָּל to express (all) that (belongs) to, as Genesis 14:23 מִכָּל אֲשֶׁר לְךָ of all that is thine, Genesis 31:1 מֵאֲשֶׁר לְאָבִינוּ of that which was our father's, Genesis 32:24 & sent over אֵת אֲשֶׁר לוֹ that which he had, + often b. as a circumlocution of the Genitive, as Genesis 29:9 עִם הַצֹּאן אֲשֶׁר לְאָבִיהָ with the sheep that were her father's, Genesis 40:5; Genesis 47:4; Leviticus 9:8; Judges 6:11; 1 Samuel 25:7 הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁר לְךָ, 2 Samuel 14:31 אֵת הַחֶלְקָה אֲשֶׁר לִי, 2 Samuel 23:8; 1 Kings 1:8,33 עַל הַמִּרְכֶּבֶת אֲשֶׁר לִי upon mine own mule, 1 Kings 1:49; 1 Kings 4:2; 2 Kings 11:10; 2 Kings 16:13; Ruth 2:21; and especially in the case of a compound expression depending on a single Genitive, as Genesis 23:9; Genesis 40:5; Genesis 41:43 מִרְכֶּבֶת הַמִּשְׁנֶה אֲשֶׁר לוֹ the chariot of the second rank which he had, Exodus 38:30; Judges 3:20; Judges 6:25; 1 Samuel 17:40; 1 Samuel 21:8 אֲבִיר הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁר לְשָׁאוּל the mightiest of Saul's herdmen, 1 Samuel 24:5 אֵת כְּנַף הַמְּעִיל אֲשֶׁר לְשָׁאוּל, 2 Samuel 2:8 Saul's captain of the host, 1 Kings 10:28; 1 Kings 15:20; 1 Kings 22:31; Jeremiah 52:17; Ruth 4:3. c. with names of places (especially such as do not readily admit the stative construct) Judges 18:28; Judges 19:14 הַגִּבְעָה אֲשֶׁר לִבְנֵי יָמִין Gibeah (the hill) of Benjamin, Judges 20:4; 1 Samuel 17:1; 1 Kings 15:27; 1 Kings 16:15; 1 Kings 17:9; 1 Kings 19:3; 2 Kings 14:11. compare שֶׁ (q. v.) which in Rabb, like the Aramaic דִּי, ܐܢܐ, is in habitual use as a mark of the Genitive. — N.B. In Aramaic also דִּי, ܕ, without לְ, expresses the Genitive relation, as מִלְּתָא דִּי מַלְכָּא, literally the word, that of the king = the word of the king. The few apparent cases of a similar use of אַשֶׁר are, however, too foreign to the general usage of the language to be regarded otherwise than as due to textual error: 1 Samuel 13:8 read אֲשֶׁר אָמַר (or שָׁם Exodus 19:5) שְׁמֻאֵל (Dr ἕπεστιν); 1 Kings 11:25 supply עָשָׂה (Dr ἠν ἀπέστειλεν); 2 Kings 25:10 supply אֵת with (as "" Jeremiah 52:14); 2 Chronicles 34:22 read וְאֲשֶׁר אָמַר הַמֶּלֶךְ (compare Dr) and those whom the king appointed (abbreviated from 2 Kings 22:14); compare Ew § 292 a, b with note.

9. Conjunction Usage

8 אַשֶׁר becomes, like Aramaic דִּי, ܕ, a conjunction approximating in usage to כִּי: thus a. = quod, ὅτι, that, subordinating an entire sentence to a verb of knowing, remembering, etc. (a) with אֵת Deuteronomy 9:7 forget not אֵת אֲשֶׁר הִקְצַפְתָּ the fact that (= how) thou provokedst, etc., Deuteronomy 29:15; Joshua 2:10; 1 Samuel 24:11; 1 Samuel 24:19; 2 Samuel 11:20 know ye not אֵת אֲשֶׁר יֹרִים how they shoot from off the wall? 2 Kings 8:12; Isaiah 38:3 #NAME? 1 Kings 14:19; 2 Kings 14:15; 2 Kings 20:20. Of time (peculiarly) 2 Samuel 14:15 עַתָּה אֲשֶׁר now (is it) that . . . Zechariah 8:20 (probably) yet (shall it be) that . . . Zechariah 8:23; compare כִּמְעַט שֶׁ Song of Solomon 3:4. (β) without אֵת (not very common, כִּי being usually employed): after יָדַע Exodus 11:7; Ezekiel 20:26 (very strange in Ezekiel: see Hi) Job 9:5 (Ew De Di) Ecclesiastes 8:12, רָאָה Deuteronomy 1:31 (RV) 1 Samuel 18:15, הִתְוַדָּה to confess Leviticus 5:5; Leviticus 26:40 b, הִשְׁבִּיעַ 1 Kings 22:16 (caused to swear that . . .); after a noun Isaiah 38:7 הָאוֹת אֲשֶׁר the sign that . . . ("" 2 Kings 20:9 כִּי): with growing frequency in late Hebrew, 2 Chronicles 2:7, and especially Nehemiah, Esther: Nehemiah 2:5,10; Nehemiah 7:65 (= Ezra 2:63) Nehemiah 8:14,15; Nehemiah 10:31; Nehemiah 13:1,19,22; Esther 1:19; Esther 2:10; Esther 3:4; Esther 6:2; Esther 8:11; Ecclesiastes 3:22 (מֵאֲשֶׁר) Ecclesiastes 5:4; Ecclesiastes 7:18 (with טוֹב: contrast Ruth 2:22) Ruth 2:22; Ruth 2:29; Ruth 8:12; Ruth 8:14; Ruth 9:1; Daniel 1:8 (twice in verse). (γ) prefixed to a direct citation, like כִּי q. v. (= ὅτι recitativum) (rare) 1 Samuel 15:20; 2 Samuel 1:4; 2 Samuel 2:4 (see Dr) Psalm 10:6 (probably), Nehemiah 4:6. b. it is resolvable into so that: Genesis 11:7 אֲשֶׁר לֹא יִשְׁמְעוּ so that they understand not, etc., Genesis 13:16; Genesis 22:14 אֲשֶׁר יֵאָמֵר so that it is said, Exodus 20:26; Deuteronomy 4:10,40 אֲשֶׁר יִיטַב לָכֶם Deuteronomy 6:3; Deuteronomy 28:27,51; 1 Kings 3:12,13; 2 Kings 9:37; Malachi 3:19. c. it has a causal force, forasmuch as, in that, since: Genesis 30:18; Genesis 31:49 and Mizpah, אֲשֶׁר אָמַר for that he said, Genesis 34:13,27; Genesis 42:21 we are guilty, אֲשֶׁר רָאִינוּ we who saw (or, in that we saw), Numbers 20:13 Meribah, because they strove there, Deuteronomy 3:24; Joshua 4:7,23; Joshua 22:31; Judges 9:17; 1 Samuel 2:23; 1 Samuel 15:15; 1 Samuel 20:42 go in peace, אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּעְנוּ forasmuch as we have sworn, 1 Samuel 25:26 thou whom (= or, seeing that) יְהוָה hath withholden, 2 Samuel 2:5 blessed are ye of יְהוָה, אֲשֶׁר עֲשִׂיתֶם, who (οὗτινος) have done (or in that ye have done), 1 Kings 3:19; 1 Kings 15:5; 2 Kings 12:3; 2 Kings 17:4; 2 Kings 23:26; Jeremiah 16:13; Ecclesiastes 8:11,12 (Hi De Now). Here also belongs its use in אֲשֶׁר לָמָּה since why . . . ? (= lest) Daniel 1:10: see below לָמָּה. On אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן forasmuch as Job 34:27 see below כִּי עַל כֵּן. d. it expresses a condition (rare & peculiar): Leviticus 4:22 אֲשֶׁר יֶחֱטָא in (case) that = when (or if) a ruler sinneth (Leviticus 4:3; Leviticus 4:13; Leviticus 4:37 אִם), Numbers 5:29 (explained differently by Ew § 334 a), Deuteronomy 11:27 and the blessing אֲשֶׁר תִּשְׁמְעוּ if ye hearken (Deuteronomy 11:28 אִם), Deuteronomy 18:22 Ges, Joshua 4:21 אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁאָלֻן when they ask . . ., then . . . (Joshua 4:6 כִּי), Isaiah 31:4. In 1 Kings 8:33 ("" 2 Chronicles 6:24 כִּי, compare 2 Chronicles 6:35; 2 Chronicles 6:37) אֲשֶׁר may be rendered indifferently because or when. Once, similarly, אֵת אֲשֶׁר 1 Kings 8:31 ("" אִם). e. perhaps (exceptionally) = כַּאֲשֶׁר, as, Jeremiah 33:22; Isaiah 54:9 (followed by כֵּן; but כֵּן q. v. sometimes stands without כַּאֲשֶׁר, & אֲשֶׁר may in these passages connect with what precedes); according to some also Jeremiah 48:8; Psalm 106:34 (in a connection where כַּאֲשֶׁר would be more usual: אֲשֶׁר may however be the object of אָמַר). In 1 Samuel 16:7 אֲשֶׁר יִרְאֶה הָאָדָם read כַּאֲשֶׁר, see Dr. f. combined with prepositions, אֲשֶׁר converts them into conjunctions: see below, בַּאֲשֶׁר, כַּאֲשֶׁר, מֵאֲשֶׁר. On its use similarly with (אַחֲרֵי) אַחַר, מִבְּלִי, בְּעָבוּר, עַל דְּבַר, יַעַן, לְמַעַן, כְּפִי, עַד, עַל, עָקֵב, מִמִּנִּי, תַּחַת, see these words. — הָאֲשֶׁר, with ה interrogative, occurs once, 2 Kings 6:22. In Deuteronomy 15:14 also read כַּאֲשֶׁר: note בָּרַכְתָּ before. Note 1 אֲשֶׁר being a connecting link, without any perfectly corresponding equivalent in English, its force is not unfrequently capable of being represented in more than one way. See e.g. 2 Samuel 2:5 (above 8c), Isaiah 28:12 unto whom he said, or for that he said to them. Note 2. The opinion that אֲשֶׁר has an asseverative force (like כִּי, q. v.), or introduces the apodosis, is not probably, being both alien to its general usage & not required by the passages alleged. Render Isaiah 8:20 either 'Surely according to this word will those speak who have no dawn,' or '. . . will they speak when (compare above 8d Deuteronomy 11:27; Joshua 4:21) they have no dawn.'

Compounds

בַּאֲשֶׁר

19 a. in (that) which . . . Isaiah 56:4; Isaiah 65:12; Isaiah 66:4 (above 1); Ecclesiastes 3:9 in (that, in) which (4c); Isaiah 47:12 (see 2). b. adverb in (the place) where: above 4b (γ). c. conjunction in that, inasmuch as, Genesis 39:9,23; Ecclesiastes 7:2; Ecclesiastes 8:4; compare ܒܕܝܠ. d. Jonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי on account of whom? (בַּאֲשֶׁר לְ on account of, framed on model of Aramaic בְּדִיל: see below שֶׁ).

כַּאֲשֶׁר

see below כְּ.

מֵאֲשֶׁר

17 a. from (or than) that which (him, them, etc., that . . .) Genesis 3:11; Exodus 29:27 (twice in verse); Numbers 6:11 (see Leviticus 4:26; Joshua 10:11; Judges 16:30; Isaiah 47:13 +; than that . . . Ecclesiastes 3:22; לְבַד מֵאֲשֶׁר Esther 4:11. b. adverb from (the place) where: above 4a (β). c. conjunction from (the fact) that . . ., since Isaiah 43:4.

כַּאֲשֶׁר

conjunction according as, as, when (compare for the combined Aramaic כְּדִי, כַּד) — 1 according to that which, according as, as: a. Genesis 34:12 I will give כַּאֲשֶׁר תֹּאמְרוּ אֵלַי according as ye shall (or may) say unto me, Genesis 44:1; Exodus 8:23; Numbers 22:8; 1 Samuel 2:16; Genesis 34:22 if we are circumcised כַּאֲשֶׁר הֵמָּה נְמוֹלִים; Genesis 41:21 כַּאֲשֶׁר בַּתְּחִלָּה as at the beginning, so כֵּן בְּרָאשִׁית Joshua 8:5,6; 2 Samuel 7:10; Exodus 5:13 כַּאֲשֶׁר בִּהְיוֹת הַתָּבֶן Genesis 7:9 they came in two by two כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה אֱלֹהִים אֶת נֹחַ, as God commanded Noah; so, or similarly, very often, especially in P, Genesis 7:16; Genesis 8:21; Genesis 12:4; Genesis 17:23; Genesis 21:1 (twice in verse); Exodus 16:24; Exodus 39:1,5,7; Numbers 3:16,42 etc.; כֵּן כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר Deuteronomy 1:21; Deuteronomy 2:1; Deuteronomy 6:3,19 #NAME? Deuteronomy 1:21. b. answered, for increased emphasis, by כֵּן (compare כְּ 2d), Genesis 50:12 וַיַּעֲשׂוּ כֵּן כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּם, Exodus 7:10,20; Genesis 18:5 (J) כֵּן חַי כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבַּרְתָּ, Exodus 10:10 (iron.), Amos 5:14 (do.); in opposed to order, Judges 1:7 כַּאֲשֶׁר עָשִׂיתִי, כֵּן שִׁלַּמְתִּי לִי, Exodus 7:6 כֵּן עָשׂוּ כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהוָה, compare Exodus 12:28,50; Exodus 39:43; Numbers 5:4; Numbers 17:26; Numbers 36:10 (all P); with imperfect (frequently) Numbers 2:17 (P) כַּאֲשֶׁר יַחֲנוּ כֵּן יִסָּעוּ; of degree = the more . . . the more, Exodus 1:12 וְכַאֲשֶׁר יְעַנּוּ אֹתוֹ כֵּן יִרְבֶּה וְכֵן יִפְרֹץ, compare Exodus 17:11 (JE) כַּאֲשֶׁר יָרִים מֹשֶׁה יָדוֹ according as he held up, etc., Israel prevailed; in an oath or solemn promise, Numbers 14:28 אִם לֹא כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבַּרְתֶּם כֵּן אֶעֱשֶׂה, Deuteronomy 28:63 (Jeremiah 31:28), 1 Kings 1:30; Isaiah 10:11; Isaiah 14:24; Isaiah 52:14 f. (see כֵּן 2b). c. answered by וְ (Dr § 127 γ) Exodus 16:34; Numbers 1:19. d. often in similes (followed by imperfect of habit) Exodus 33:11 כַּאֲשֶׁר יְדַבֵּר אִישׁ אֶל רֵעֵהוּ, Numbers 11:12; Deuteronomy 1:44; Isaiah 9:2; Isaiah 66:20 +, answered by כֵּן Isaiah 31:4; Isaiah 55:10; Isaiah 66:22; Amos 3:12 +; a second verb is, in such cases, in the perfect with וְ consecutive (Dr § 115) Deuteronomy 22:26; Isaiah 29:8 כַּאֲשֶׁר יַחֲלֹם הָרָעֵב וְהִנֵּה אֹכֵל, Isaiah 65:8; Amos 5:19. e. הָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר (compare הָיָה כְּ) to be as if, Job 10:19 כַּאֲשֶׁר לֹא הָיִיתִי כֵּן אֶהְיֶה, Zechariah 10:6 וְהָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר לֹא זְנַחְתִּים. 2 with a casual force, in so far as, since (German demgemäss dass), Genesis 26:29 if thou doest us no harm כַּאֲשֶׁר לֹא נְגַעֲנוּךָ according as, in so far as, we have not touched thee; Numbers 27:14 כַּאֲשֶׁר מְרִיתֶם פִּי inasmuch as ye have defied my mouth, Judges 6:27; 1 Samuel 28:18 (answered by עַל כֵּן), 2 Kings 17:26; Micah 3:4. 3 with a temporal force, when, Genesis 18:33 and יְהוָה went away כַּאֲשֶׁר כִּלָּה when he had finished, etc., Genesis 32:3; Genesis 32:32; 1 Samuel 8:6; 2 Samuel 12:21 +; answered by וְ (Dr § 127 β), 1 Samuel 6:6; 1 Samuel 12:8; וַיְהִי כַּאֲשֶׁר and it came to pass, when . . . Genesis 12:11; Genesis 20:13; Genesis 24:22,52; Exodus 32:19 + often; Genesis 43:14 כַּאֲשֶׁר שָׁכַלְתִּי שָׁכָלְתִּי when I am bereaved, I am bereaved! an expression of resignation, so Esther 4:16 כַּאֲשֶׁר אָבַדְתִּי אָבָדְתִּי. Joshua 2:7 אַחֲרֵי כַּאֲשֶׁר is a 'conflate' reading, omit either אַחֲרֵי or כַּאֲשֶׁר. Of future time, Genesis 27:40; Genesis 40:14 כַּאֲשֶׁר יִיטַב לִי, Hosea 7:12; Ecclesiastes 4:17; Ecclesiastes 5:3, and without a verb Isaiah 23:5 כַּאֲשֶׁר שָׁמַע לְמִצְרַיִם. — Micah 3:3 כַּאֲשֶׁר is simply as that which, Job 29:25 as one who.

שֶׁ, also (Genesis 6:3 [? see 4a], Judges 5:7 (twice in verse); Song of Solomon 1:7; Job 19:29 [?]) שַׁ, שָׁ in שָׁאַתָּה Judges 6:17, and שְׁ in שְׁהוּא Ecclesiastes 2:22, שְׁהֵם Ecclesiastes 3:18 (elsewhere before guttural שֶׁ, as שֶׁאֲנִי Song of Solomon 1:6; Ecclesiastes 2:18, שֶׁאֲהֵבִים Psalm 146:3, שֶׁעָל Judges 7:12; Judges 8:26, שֶׁרְאֹשִׁי Song of Solomon 5:2), relative particle who, which, that, etc. (constantly in Late Hebrew; Aramaic of Nerab, Ldzb 371, 445; Assyrian sha; Phoenician אש (regularly), also sometimes ש (Ldzb 227f.): according to Ges Ew § 181 b Ol p. 439 Sta § 176 e, abbreviated from אַשֶׁר; more probably (Sperling [see אַשֶׁר], Kö ii. 323 f.) an original demonstrative particle), synonym with אַשֶׁר, but in usage limited to late Hebrew, and passages with north Palestinian colouring, namely Judges 5:7 (twice in verse) [אַשֶׁר Judges 5:27], Judges 6:17; Judges 7:12; Judges 8:26; 2 Kings 6:11 (see 4c), Jonah 1:7,12; Jonah 4:10 [אַשֶׁר 11t.], Psalm 122:3; Psalm 122:4; Psalm 123:2; Psalm 124:1; Psalm 124:2; Psalm 124:6; Psalm 129:6; Psalm 129:7; Psalm 133:2; Psalm 133:3; Psalm 135:2; Psalm 135:8; Psalm 135:10; Psalm 136:23; Psalm 137:8; Psalm 137:9; Psalm 144:15; Psalm 146:3; Psalm 146:5; Lamentations 2:15,16; Lamentations 4:9; Lamentations 5:18; Ezra 8:20; 1 Chronicles 5:20; 1 Chronicles 27:27; Canticles (uniformly, except in title Song of Solomon 1:1); Ecclesiastes (68 t.; אֲשֶׁא 89t.); also (dubious) Genesis 6:3; Genesis 49:10 (שִׁלֹה Dr § 176 e), Job 19:29; and in the proper name (מִי שָׁאֵל and מְתוּשָׁאֵל). — In usage, שֶׁ is in the main parallel with אַשֶׁר, namely 1 as pronoun who, which, whom, Judges 7:12 כָּהוּל שֶׁעָל שְׁפָת הַיָּם (compare חוּל c), Psalm 122:3; Psalm 124:6 etc.; him whom, that which, etc., Song of Solomon 1:7; Song of Solomon 3:1; 1 Chronicles 27:27; Ecclesiastes 1:11; Ecclesiastes 6:3 וְרַב שֶׁיִּהְיֶה לִימָיו and much (verb) is that which his days amount to (Hi De and others), Ecclesiastes 6:10; הוּא שֶׁ that which Ecclesiastes 1:9 (twice in verse); in the Genitive, אֲשֶׁרִי שֶׁ Psalm 137:8; Psalm 137:9; Psalm 146:5. — On מַה שֶׁ in Eccl = whatever, what, see מָה 1e b. 2 as a connecting link; = where (compare אַשֶׁר p. 81, and 4b β), מְקוֹם שֶׁ Ecclesiastes 1:7; Ecclesiastes 11:3 (compare מְקוֹם אַשֶׁר Genesis 39:20 +: Ges § 130c), whither Psalm 122:4 (שֶׁשָׁמָּה Dr § 176 e), when Song of Solomon 8:8; Ecclesiastes 12:3 בַּיּוֹם שֶׁ (compare ib. 4b a). 3 as a conjunction (compare אַשֶׁר 8); — a. that, after רָאָה Ecclesiastes 2:13; Ecclesiastes 3:18, יָרַע Ecclesiastes 1:17; Ecclesiastes 2:14; Ecclesiastes 9:5; Job 19:19 (?), דִּבֵּר Ecclesiastes 2:15, אָמַר Ecclesiastes 8:14, עָשָׂה אוֹת Judges 6:17; as subject of sentence, Ecclesiastes 3:13; Ecclesiastes 5:15; also in the phrases, (a) what is ... that? Song of Solomon 5:9 (usually כִּי; see מָה 1d b), מֶה הָיָה שֶׁ how comes it that ...? Ecclesiastes 7:10; (b) Song of Solomon 3:4 כִּמְעַט שֶׁעָבַרְתִּי hardly (was it) that (German kaum dass) I had passed, etc., Ecclesiastes 7:14 עַל דִּבַּר שֶׁלֹּא יִמְצָא to the intent that ..., Ecclesiastes 5:15 כָּל עֻמָּת שֶׁבָּא exactly as ..., Ecclesiastes 12:9 תּוֹר שֶׁ besides that, עַד שֶׁ (עַד Dr § 176 e Judges 5:7) until that Psalm 123:2; Song of Solomon 2:7,17 + (see III. עַד II 1 a a and b; compare Late Hebrew Yoma Song of Solomon 5:1), while Song of Solomon 1:12 (ib. 2d); עָשָׂה שֶׁ to make or cause that ..., Ecclesiastes 3:14 (compare Ezekiel 36:27). b. involving a reason (compare אַשֶׁר 8c), because, since, Song of Solomon 1:6 (twice in verse); Song of Solomon 5:2; Ecclesiastes 2:18 b. Hence שֶׁלָּמָּה Song of Solomon 1:7 since why? = lest (see מָה 4d b). 4 compounds: a. בְּשֶׁ, i. q. בַּאֲשֶׁר c (p. 84a) in that, seeing that, Ecclesiastes 2:16; also (according to Dr § 176 e Hu De) Genesis 6:3 בְּשֶׁגָּם הוּא בָשָׂר because that he also is flesh; but see שָׁגָג. b. כְּשֶׁ, i. q. כַּאֲשֶׁר p. 455: — (a) according as Ecclesiastes 5:14; Ecclesiastes 12:7; (b) when (so often in Late Hebrew, as Ab Ecclesiastes 1:8 (3 t. in verse); Ecclesiastes 1:14) Ecclesiastes 9:12; Ecclesiastes 10:3. c. מִשֶׁ, i. q. מֵאֲשֶׁר a (p. 84:a), 2 Kings 6:12 מִי מִשֶׁלָּנוּ who of those that are ours? (but Klo Kmp Kau Benz מְגַלֶּה לָנוּ who betrays us? compare Dr § 176 e); Ecclesiastes 5:4 than that (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Ecclesiastes 3:22), + Ecclesiastes 2:24 (read מִשֶׁיֹּאכַל with Ew De, etc.; compare Ecclesiastes 3:22). d. שֶׁל, like אַשֶׁר לְ (אַשֶׁר 7b), a mark of the Genitive: thrice, adding slight emphasis to the suffix, Song of Solomon 1:6 = Song of Solomon 8:12 כַּרְמִי שֶׁלִּי my vineyard (literally my vineyard, which is mine), Song of Solomon 3:7 מִטָּתוֹ שֶׁלִּשְׁלֹמֹה (so often in Late Hebrew, but without any special emphasis, as Aboth Song of Solomon 1:12 הוֹי מְתַלְמִידֵי שֶׁלְאַהֲרֹן be of Aaron's disciples, Song of Solomon 2:1 הוֹי מְתַפַּלֵּל בְּשֶׁלּוֹ, Song of Solomon 2:2; Song of Solomon 3:2 הוֹי מִתְפַּלֵּל בְּשֶׁלָּהֶם; compare ܐܠܗܐ in Syriac, as Luke 6:42 ܒܪܐܠܗܐ my words, Nö § 225). And with בְּ, בְּשֶׁל literally through that which belongs to or concerns, pleonastic for on account of (a late, unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּדִיל, from בְּ, דִּי, and לְ, as in Onk Genesis 12:13 בְּדִילִי on my account, Genesis 30:27; Genesis 39:5 בְּדִיל יוֹסֵף, בְּדִיל מָא on account of what? Judges 8:1; 2 Samuel 9:1; 1 Kings 11:12,39, etc.), Jonah 1:7 בְּשֶׁלְּמִי on account of whom? ("" Jonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי; probably a gloss), Jonah 1:12 בְּשֶׁלִּי on account of me (Dr § 176 e בְּדִיל מַן, בְּדִילִי); Ecclesiastes 8:17 בְּשֶׁל אֲשֶׁר יַעֲמֹל הָאָדָם on account of (the fact) that (= seeing that) man labours, etc. (unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּדִיל דִּי because that, as Genesis 6:3 בְּדִיל דִּי אִינּוּן בִסְרָא, Genesis 39:9 בְּדִיל דִּי אִיתֵית לִי [for Hebrew בַּאֲשֶׁר אֵת אִשְׁתּוֹ]; Palmyrene בדיל די Ldzb 233, — in Tariff Genesis 1:4 (Cooke N. Semitic Inscr. 320) = ἐπίδη). [שֹׁא] see [שׁוּא].

¹ Tsepreghi Diss. Lugd. p. 171 Mühlau Bö. Lb. ii. 79 n. Sta Morg. Forsch. 1875, 188; Lb. § 167 Hom ZMG 1878, 708 ff. Müll § 153 Sayce Hebraica. ii. 51 Lag M. i. 255 & especially Krae Hebraica. vi. 298 ff.

² Phi St. C. 73 Sperling Nota Rel. im Hebr. 1876, 15-22.

³ Nö ZMG 1886, 738.

⁴ Ew § 334.

⁵ Dr.

⁶ Hi.

⁷ Ew De Di.

⁸ Ew De.

⁹ Ew § 334 a.

¹⁰ Hu De.

¹¹ Dr § 176 e.

¹² Kö ii. 323 f.

¹³ Ges Ew § 181 b Ol p. 439 Sta § 176 e.

¹⁴ Dr § 176 e.

¹⁵ Hi De and others.

¹⁶ Dr § 176 e.

¹⁷ Klo Kmp Kau Benz.

¹⁸ Ew De, etc.

¹⁹ Nö § 225.

²⁰ Cooke N. Semitic Inscr. 320.

Particle relative

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0834a:

No stats available

הנח הִנִּחַ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נוח

nûwach

Definition

to rest, i.e. settle down; used in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, intransitive, transitive and causative (to dwell, stay, let fall, place, let alone, withdraw, give comfort, etc.)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to rest, i.e. settle down; used in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, intransitive, transitive and causative (to dwell, stay, let fall, place, let alone, withdraw, give comfort, etc.); cease, be confederate, lay, let down, (be) quiet, remain, (cause to, be at, give, have, make to) rest, set down. Compare ינים.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5117

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נוּחַ

verb • Root נוח • Strongs / High • Page 952

Intransitive verb, same as נָאַח I; properly to rest, to lie down comfortably, hence to dwell, to abide, in tranquillity.

נוּחַ

verb • Root נוח • Strongs / High • Page 953

(inf. constr. נוּחַ, נֹחַ; fut. יָנוּחַ; apoc. יָנַח) to settle down comfortably, to rest. 1. intrans. to keep at rest or still, to encamp, to lie down, to descend, to settle down upon, to inhabit, to dwell, to abide, to enjoy rest, to keep holiday, to rest from enemies, to wait quietly. 2. trans. to procure rest.

נוּחַ

verb • Root נוח • Strongs / High • Page 953

(not used) to be agreeable, pleasant; prop. to be contented, at rest; comp. Latin acquiescere.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5117

I. נוּחַ (approximate number of occurrences: 140) verb — rest.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Aramaic נוּחַ
• Phoenician נחת (noun rest)
• Assyrian nâhu (inûh) rest
• Ethiopic näha be extended, long (rarely rest)
• Arabic أناخ (IV.) make camel lie down

— נוּחַ Qal Perfect 3 feminine singular נָ֫חָה Isaiah 7:2, consecutive וְנָחָה Isaiah 11:2; 1 singular נָ֑חְתְּי Job 3:26; 3 plural נָ֫חוּ Esther 9:22, consecutive וְנָחוּ Isaiah 7:19; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יָנוּחַ Exodus 23:12, וַיָּ֫נַח Exodus 10:14, Exodus 20:11; 3 feminine singular תָּנוּחַ Isaiah 25:10, וַתָּ֫נַח Genesis 8:4, Numbers 11:26; Infinitive absolute נוֺחַ Esther 9:16–18; construct לָנוּחַ 2 Samuel 21:10, כְּנוֺחַ Numbers 11:25, Joshua 3:13; suffix בְּנֻחֹה Numbers 10:36.

1. Qal

a. Rest, settle down and remain

• Followed by עַל: of birds 2 Samuel 21:10; ark Genesis 8:4 (Priests' Code); of spirit of Yahweh Numbers 11:25–26 (Elohist Source), Isaiah 11:2; of Aram upon Ephraim Isaiah 7:2.
• Followed by בְּ local: of insects Exodus 10:14 (Jehovist Source), Isaiah 7:19 (figurative of invaders); of soles of feet Joshua 3:13 (Jehovist-Elohist Source); of wisdom Proverbs 14:33.
• Absolute: of ark Numbers 10:36 (Jehovist-Elohist Source); בִּקְהַל רְפָאִים יָנוּחַ Proverbs 21:16.

b. Repose, be quiet, have rest

• After labour: Exodus 20:11 (Elohist Source; of God), Exodus 23:12 (of cattle), Deuteronomy 5:14 (of slave).
• From enemies: Esther 9:16, Esther 9:22, Nehemiah 9:28.
• In death: Job 3:17, Job 3:26, Isaiah 57:2, Daniel 12:13.

2. Hiphil A (cause to rest, give rest to)

— Perfect הֵנִיחַ Joshua 22:4; 1 singular וַהֲנִיחֹ֫תִי 2 Samuel 7:11; Imperfect יָנִיחַ Exodus 17:11; Infinitive הָנִיּחַ Isaiah 14:3.

a. To person or spirit

• Followed by accusative: יָדוֺ Exodus 17:11; רוּחִי Zechariah 6:8; חֲמָתִי Ezekiel 5:13, Ezekiel 16:42.
• Followed by ל person: Exodus 33:14 (Jehovist Source), Joshua 1:13 (Deuteronomist Source), Deuteronomy 12:10, 2 Samuel 7:1.
• וִינִיחֶ֑ךָ Proverbs 29:17 set at rest (in mind).

b. Cause to rest upon (light upon)

• With עַל or אֶל: Isaiah 30:32 (staff), Ezekiel 44:30 (blessing), Ezekiel 37:1.

3. Hiphil B (lay down, leave)

— Perfect הִנִּיחַ Judges 3:1; וְהִנַּחְתָּ֫ Deuteronomy 14:28; Imperfect וַיַּנַּח Judges 2:23; Imperative הַנַּח Hosea 4:7, הַנִּ֫יחָה Exodus 32:10.

a. Lay or set down, deposit

• Joshua 4:3, 8 (stones); Genesis 39:16 (garments); Leviticus 16:23; Exodus 16:33–34.
• In a place: Genesis 2:15; Genesis 19:16 (Jehovist Source); Isaiah 14:1; Ezekiel 37:14.

b. Let remain, leave, permit

• Leave nations: Judges 2:23, Jeremiah 27:11.
• Leave behind: Genesis 42:33 (Elohist Source), 2 Samuel 16:21, 1 Kings 19:3.
• Let alone: Exodus 32:10, Hosea 4:17.
• Permit: Judges 16:26, Psalm 105:14.

4. Hophal

• Perfect הוּנַּחלָֿ֑נוּ Lamentations 5:5 no rest is granted to us.
• Participle מֻנָּ֔ח as substantive: space left, open space Ezekiel 41:9, 11.

¹ GKC: Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910.

² Sources: J = Jehovist (Yahwist) Source; E = Elohist Source; P = Priests' Code; D = Deuteronomist Source; JE = Jehovist-Elohist Source.

³ Co = C. H. Cornill, Ezechiel (1886).

Verb Hiphil perfect third person masculine singular

LXX: κατέπαυσεν --- ἀφῆκεν ἔθηκεν ἀνεπαύσαντο

LXX Usage Statistics

H5117:

κατέπαυσεν 10× (6.1%)

--- 6× (4.2%)

ἀφῆκεν 6× (3.9%)

ἔθηκεν 5× (3.3%)

ἀνεπαύσαντο 5× (3.0%)

ὡσ 3× (2.0%)

θήσουσιν 3× (1.9%)

ἀναπαύσεται 3× (2.0%)

κατέλιπεν 3× (2.0%)

ἄφετε 3× (2.1%)

שם שָׁם

there/name/he set

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שם

shâm

Definition

there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence

Root

a primitive particle (rather from the relative pronoun, H834 (אשר));

Exhaustive

a primitive particle (rather from the relative pronoun, אשר); there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence; in it, [phrase] thence, there (-in, [phrase] of, [phrase] out), [phrase] thither, [phrase] whither.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8033

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שֵׁם

noun masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1442

A sign, a memorial, a token, a mark, and therefore a name. (Includes usage regarding calling or inscribing a name).

Matched via consonantal key only

שֵׁם

noun masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1442

Metaphor: The internal essence as outwardly revealed and known as operative; hence of God (the Divine Essence, Presence, Protection, or Power).

Matched via consonantal key only

שֵׁם

noun masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1442

Fame, renown, fama, an honourable name. Also used to denote a good name, sweet scent (assonance), bad reputation, or posterity (name after death).

Matched via consonantal key only

שֵׁם

noun proper • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1442

Proper noun: The oldest son of Noah (Gen. 5, 32), progenitor of the Semites.

Matched via consonantal key only

שָׂם

verb (aramaic) • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1398

Same as Hebrew שׂוּם: to issue, to set forth, to give a name, to take consideration.

Matched via consonantal key only

שֵׁם

unknown • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1442

A sign (comp. the Ar.)

Matched via consonantal key only

שֵׁם

noun proper masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1443

Sem, the eldest son of Noah, progenitor of the Semite peoples and territory.

Matched via consonantal key only

שֵׁם

noun masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1443

A name; fame, renown. Used along with אֱלָהּ in the Targ.

Matched via consonantal key only

שָׁם

adverb • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1441

1. Of place: there, ibi, tum; there where. 2. Of time: then, at that time. 3. Of a thing: thence, from the place/time/thing.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שֵׁם

m. constr. • Page 683

1. a name; a celebrated name, celebrity, renown. Gen. 6: 4, Num. 16: 2. 2. a rumour, report. Deut. 22: 14. 3. the name of Jehovah, particularly his praise or glory. Ps. 79: 9, Is. 48: 9.

שָׁם

adverb • Page 683

1. there. 2. thither (i.q. שָׁמָּה). 3. then (spoken of time). 4. thither/whither (with paragagic ה). Gen. 13: 3, 1 Sam. 2: 14, Ps. 14: 5, Gen. 19: 20.

שֻׁם

m. chald. • Page 684

A name. References: Dan. 4:5 [4:8]; Ezra 5:1. With suffix שֻׁמֵּהּ (from שֵׁם) Dan. 2:20, 26; 4:5 [4:8]; 5:12. Ezra 5:14: 'and they were given to Sheshbazzar, as his name was'.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8033

I. שָׁם adverb — there, thither.

Cognates:

• Arabic ثَمَّ (there), compare ثُمَّ (then)
• Biblical Aramaic תַּמָּה
• Egyptian Aramaic תמה
• Targum תַּמָּן
• Syriac ܬܡܢ
• Zenjirli¹ שם

1. Meanings and Uses

a. there

• Genesis 2:8, 12
• Genesis 11:2, 7, 31 + often
• Placed early in sentence for emphasis: Micah 4:10 שָׁם תִּנָּצֵ֑לִי, Nahum 3:15; Ezekiel 32:22, 24; Psalm 104:26 +
• With conjunction: וְשָׁם Genesis 41:12; Exodus 15:27; Numbers 13:22, 33 +
• Repeated: שָׁם ... וְשָׁם Exodus 15:25; Deuteronomy 12:14; Isaiah 27:10; Job 3:17 +
• With הִנֵּה: וְהִנֵּה שָׁם Genesis 29:2
• With כִּי: כִּי שָׁם Genesis 11:9; Genesis 21:31; Genesis 35:7; 2 Samuel 1:21; 2 Samuel 15:21 +
• Resuming "where": Job 39:30 בַּאֲשֶׁר חֲלָלִים שָׁם הוּא, Judges 5:27; Jeremiah 22:12; Ecclesiastes 11:3, compare 1:7
• Repeated שָׁם ... שָׁם (here ... there): Isaiah 28:10, 13

In poetry, pointing to a spot in which a scene is localized vividly in the imagination: Psalm 14:5 שׁם פחדו פחד there feared they a fear! Psalm 36:13, compare Psalm 48:7; 66:6; 132:17; Hosea 6:7; Zephaniah 1:14. — Habakkuk 3:4 read probably (Wellhausen³) שָׂם the flashes at his side made he the hiding of his power; Ecclesiastes 3:17 שָׁם = with God, in the Divine plan: but read perhaps שָׂם (Hitzig, Delitzsch⁴).

b. preceded by the relative

אֲשֶׁר שָׁם where:

• Genesis 2:11; Exodus 20:21; 1 Samuel 9:10 +, usually with words between, Genesis 13:3, 14; 19:27; Exodus 29:42; 2 Samuel 11:16; 2 Kings 23:27 +
• After בַּאֲשֶׁר: בַּאֲשֶׁר הוּא שָׁם Genesis 21:17
• With אשׁר omitted (indicated by construct²): Ezekiel 39:11 מְקוֺם שָׁם קֶבֶר ׳בְּיִשְׂר a place where a grave (may be) in Israel, but ᵐ5 ᵑ7 Cornill⁵ and others read שֵׁם a place of renown.

2. thither, after verbs of motion

(= שָׁ֫מָּה, see 3):

• Deuteronomy 1:37 לֹא תָבאֹ שָׁם, Judges 19:15; 21:10; 1 Samuel 2:14; 9:6
• אֲשֶׁר ... שָׁם whither: 1 Kings 18:10; 21:18; 2 Kings 1:4, 6, 16; Isaiah 20:6; more often in Jeremiah, Ezekiel: Jeremiah 8:3; 22:27; 23:3, 8; 45:5 +; Ezekiel 4:13; 12:16; 36:20, 22 +
• With שֶׁ: שֶׁשָּׁם Psalm 122:4

3. with locative, שָׁ֫מָּה

a. after verbs of motion, thither

• Genesis 19:20 לָנוּס שָׁ֫מָּה to flee thither, Genesis 19:22; 20:13; 24:6; 29:3; Deuteronomy 1:38 + often
• = into it, therein (of a basket, etc.): Exodus 16:33, 21:33 וְנָפַל שָׁמָּה, 30:18; Judges 8:25; 2 Kings 12:10
• Pregnantly, after verb implying motion: to bury, Genesis 23:13, 25:10; 49:31; 50:5 (all Priests' Code); to meet Exodus 29:42, 43; 30:6, 36; Numbers 17:19 (all Priests' Code); Joshua 2:16; 7:3; Jeremiah 13:7; Joel 4:7; Songs 8:5 (?)

b. whither / where

• אֲשֶׁר ... שָׁ֫מָּה whither Genesis 20:13; Numbers 33:54; Deuteronomy 4:5, 14 + often
• where 2 Kings 23:8; 1 Chronicles 4:41

c. more rarely, i. q. שָׁם there

• Genesis 43:30 וַיֵּבְךְ שָׁ֫מָּה
• Joshua 2:1; Judges 16:27; 2 Kings 4:11; 9:16; Hosea 2:17; Isaiah 22:18; 34:15; 65:9; Jeremiah 18:2; 27:22
• In Ezekiel: Ezekiel 23:3; 32:29, 30; 48:35 שָׁ֫מָּה ׳י
• Psalm 76:4; 122:5; Ecclesiastes 3:16

4. מִשָּׁם from there, thence

a. after verbs of departing, taking, etc.

• Genesis 2:10; Genesis 11:8, 9; 12:8; 18:16; 24:7; 42:2, etc.
• Numbers 13:23; 21:12; 22:41 וַיַּרְא מִשָּׁם
• Deuteronomy 4:29; 30:4; Jeremiah 37:12; Hosea 2:17; Amos 9:2, 3, 4; Job 39:29 +
• Peculiarly, Genesis 49:24 מִשָּׁם רֹעֶה אֶבֶן יִשְׂר ׳: (Gesenius) from there [from heaven], (from) the Shepherd, the Stone of Israel; (Ewald, Dillmann⁸) from there (where is) the Shepherd of the stone of Israel; but text dubious; Gunkel⁹ reads by the name (מִשֵּׁם).

b. whence

• אֲשֶׁר ... מִשָּׁם Genesis 24:5; Numbers 23:13 +

c. expressing origin

• Genesis 3:23 the ground אֲשֶׁר לֻקַּח מִשָּׁם
• Genesis 10:14 whence (= from whom) came the Philistines
• Judges 19:18 מִשָּׁם אָנֹכִי, 1 Samuel 10:12 אִישׁ מִשָּׁם, Isaiah 65:20

d. of the mass from which something is taken

• Genesis 27:9; 30:32
• Leviticus 2:2 וְקָמַץ מִשָּׁם זגו ׳ (from the meal of a מנחה)
• 1 Kings 17:13 אַךְ עֲשִׁי לִי מִשָּׁם עֻגָה קְטַנָּה
• 2 Kings 7:2, 19 וּמִשָּׁם לֹא תאֵֹ˜כל׃; Ezekiel 5:3

¹ G. A. Cooke, A Text-Book of North-Semitic Inscriptions (1903), p. 159.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC), § 130 c, d.

³ Julius Wellhausen (We).

⁴ Ferdinand Hitzig (Hi), Franz Delitzsch (De).

⁵ C. H. Cornill (Co), C. von Orelli (Or).

⁶ Septuagint (LXX).

⁷ Targum.

⁸ Heinrich Ewald (Ew), August Dillmann (Di), Bernhard Stade (Sta).

⁹ Hermann Gunkel.

Adverb

LXX: ἐκεῖ ἐκεῖθεν --- '' ὄνομα

LXX Usage Statistics

H8033:

ἐκεῖ 553× (68.1%)

ἐκεῖθεν 109× (13.4%)

--- 44× (5.5%)

'' 23× (2.4%)

ὄνομα 13× (1.4%)

οὗ 10× (1.2%)

ἐπικληθῆναι 8× (1.0%)

ἦν 6× (0.6%)

ἔτι 4× (0.5%)

ἧσ 3× (0.3%)

משה מֹשֶׁה

Drawn Out ("Moses")

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

משה

Môsheh

Definition

Mosheh, the Israelite lawgiver

Root

from H4871 (משה); drawing out (of the water), i.e. rescued;

Exhaustive

from משה; drawing out (of the water), i.e. rescued; Mosheh, the Israelite lawgiver; Moses.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4872

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מֹשֶׁה

noun proper • Root משה • Strongs / High • Page 915

Proper name of the great Jewish law-giver and leader, Moses, meaning 'drawer out' or 'deliverer'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מַשֶּׁה

noun masculine • Root נשה • Page 411

A debt. Deut. 15: 2. Verbal from נָשָׁה.

מָשָׁה

verb • Root משה • Page 411

To draw, to draw out. Ex. 2: 10, 2 Sam. 22: 17, Ps. 18: 17.

מֹשֶׁה

m. proper name • Root משה • Page 411

Moses, the great leader and lawgiver. Etymology discussed as Hebrew 'drawing out' or Egyptian 'drawn out of the water'. Ex. 2: 10.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4872

I. מֹשֶׁה (approximate number of occurrences: 767) proper name, masculine — Moses, the great Hebrew leader, prophet and lawgiver.

Cognates:

• Egyptian mes, mesu (child, son; compare Di¹, Eb²)

— מֹשֶׁה Exodus 2:10 +; מֹשֶׁה Exodus 2:15 +; name occurs 706 times in Hexateuch (Exodus 290 times, Leviticus 86 times, Numbers 233 times, Deuteronomy 38 times, Joshua 59 times); Judges 4:1 + 4 times; Judges 18:30 (where read משֶׁה for מְנַשֶּׁה, compare GFM⁶); 1 Samuel 12:6, 8; Kings 10 times; Micah 6:4; Jeremiah 15:1; Isaiah 63:11–12; Malachi 3:22; Psalm 77:21 (7 times); Chronicles 3 times; Daniel 9:11, 13.

1. Family and Roles

a. Parentage and tribe

• Son of Amram and Jochebed Exodus 6:20 (Priests' Code); Numbers 26:59 (Priests' Code); 1 Chronicles 5:29; 1 Chronicles 23:13
• Of tribe of Levi Exodus 2:1 (Elohist Source)
• Brother of Aaron Exodus 4:14 (Yahwist Source); Exodus 7:1, 2, 7 (Priests' Code)
• Brother of Miriam Numbers 26:59 (Priests' Code); 1 Chronicles 5:29 (compare Exodus 15:20 Elohist Source)

b. Offices and Ministry

• Prophet Deuteronomy 18:15, 18; Deuteronomy 34:10
• Agent of the Law Exodus 20:19–22 (Elohist Source); Exodus 39:1 (+ often in Priests' Code)
• Lawgiver Deuteronomy 33:4; Joshua 1:7, 13 (Deuteronomic Source)
• Priest מֹשֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן בְּכִהֲנָיו Psalm 99:6

2. Characteristic Phrases

a. Servant of God

• עֶבֶד יְהוָה מֹשֶׁה Exodus 14:31 (Yahwist Source); Numbers 12:7 (Elohist Source); Deuteronomy 34:5 (Jehovist Source); Joshua 1:1 (Deuteronomic Source) + 15 times in Joshua; 1 Kings 8:53, 56; 2 Kings 18:12; 2 Kings 21:8; Malachi 3:22; 2 Chronicles 1:3; 24:6; Nehemiah 1:8; Nehemiah 9:14; Psalm 105:26
• עֶבֶד הָאֱלֹהִים מֹשֶׁה 1 Chronicles 6:34; 1 Chronicles 24:9; Nehemiah 10:30; Daniel 9:11
• אִישׁ הָאֱלֹהִים מֹשֶׁה Ezra 3:2; Psalm 90:1

b. The Law and Books of Moses

• תּוֹרַת מֹשֶׁה Joshua 8:32 (Deuteronomic Source); 1 Kings 2:3; 2 Kings 23:25; Malachi 3:22; 2 Chronicles 23:18; 30:16; Ezra 3:2; Ezra 7:6; Daniel 9:11, 13
• סֵפֶר מֹשֶׁה 2 Chronicles 25:4; 35:12; Nehemiah 13:1
• סֵפֶר תּוֹרַת מֹשֶׁה Joshua 8:13 (Deuteronomic Source); Joshua 23:6 (Deuteronomic Source); 2 Kings 14:6; Nehemiah 8:1

Aramaic

[מֹשֶׁה] proper name, masculine Moses (Biblical Hebrew id.).

1. proper name
   • סְפַר מֹשֶׁה Ezra 6:18

¹ August Dillmann, Commentary on Exodus (Die Bücher Exodus und Leviticus), 1880.

² Georg Ebers, Durch Gosen zum Sinai (GS), 1872.

³ Priests' Code / Narrative (P).

⁴ Elohist Source (E).

⁵ Yahwist (Jehovist) Source (J/JE).

⁶ George Foot Moore, Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Judges, 1895.

Noun proper name masculine

LXX: μωυσῆσ μωυσῆν μωυσῇ μωυσῆ ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H4872:

μωυσῆσ 326× (44.6%)

μωυσῆν 222× (30.3%)

μωυσῇ 78× (9.4%)

μωυσῆ 77× (10.4%)

--- 13× (1.8%)

μωυσεῖ 6× (0.8%)

'' 4× (0.5%)

μωσῆ 2× (0.3%)

ἐκεῖ 2× (0.3%)

[b] 2× (0.2%)

בחרב בְּחֹרֵב

in the hand

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

חרב

Chôrêb

Definition

Choreb, a (generic) name for the Sinaitic mountains

Root

from H2717 (חרב); desolate;

Exhaustive

from חרב; desolate; Choreb, a (generic) name for the Sinaitic mountains; Horeb.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2722

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חֹרֵב

noun proper • Root חרב • Strongs / High • Page 525

or חֹרֶב; waste, desert, mountain; a top of Sinai on which the Mosaic law was announced.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בְּ

preposition • Page 84

A preposition with various meanings: 4. by (swearing, Gen. 22:16); 5. through (Num. 12:2); 6. upon (Num. 14:10); 7. to a place or thing (Judg. 6:35); 8. against (Gen. 16:12); 9. concerning (after 'to speak'); 10. out of, from (Gen. 44:5); 11. among; 12. before (Gen. 23:18); 13. for (Deut. 19:21); 14. on account of (Gen. 18:28); 15. after, according to (Gen. 1:26); 16. as (Job 34:36); 17. used with verbs of sense; 18. Beth essentiae (Jehovah is among my helpers, Ps. 118:7); 19. before an infinitive: when, while, after, since (Gen. 2:4).

בּ

prefix • Page 83

A prefix preposition with various meanings: 1. In or into a place/subject. 2. With, denoting an instrument, aid, or concomitance. 3. On, at, or near.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2722

I. חֹרֵב, חוֺרֵב proper name, of a mountain — Horeb (waste, desert); ᵐ5 Χωρηβ (see Lag¹).

— אֶל־הַר הָאֱלֹהִים חֹרֵ֑בָה Exodus 3:1 (Elohist Source), compare עַד הַר הָאֱלֹהִים חֹרֵב 1 Kings 19:8; הַצּוּר בְּחֹרֵב Exodus 17:6, הַר חוֺרֵב Exodus 33:6 (both Elohist Source); מֵחֹרֵב, בְּחֹרֵב Deuteronomy 1:2, 6, 19; Deuteronomy 4:10, 15; Deuteronomy 5:2; Deuteronomy 9:8; Deuteronomy 18:16; Deuteronomy 28:69; 1 Kings 8:9; 2 Chronicles 5:10; Psalm 106:19; Malachi 3:22.

1. Identification and Geography

The sacred mountain of the wilderness, no geographical difference from סִינַי discoverable, but synonym of it in E (Elohist Source) and (especially) D (Deuteronomic Source) (except poem Deuteronomy 33:2; see סִינַי Priests' Code).

¹ Paul de Lagarde, Übersicht über die im Aramäischen, Arabischen und Hebräischen übliche Bildung der Nomina (1889), p. 85 (Lag^BN).

Preposition, Noun proper name

LXX: χωρηβ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2722:

χωρηβ 16× (100.0%)

אשר אֲשֶׁר

who/which

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אשר

ʼăsher

Definition

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.

Root

a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number);

Exhaustive

a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number); who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.; [idiom] after, [idiom] alike, as (soon as), because, [idiom] every, for, [phrase] forasmuch, [phrase] from whence, [phrase] how(-soever), [idiom] if, (so) that ((thing) which, wherein), [idiom] though, [phrase] until, [phrase] whatsoever, when, where ([phrase] -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, [phrase] whither(-soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun expletively, used to show the connection.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H834

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֲשֶׁר

noun proper • Root אשיר אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Proper name of a city east of Shechem, on the border of Manasseh.

אֲשֶׁר

pronoun relative • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Relative pronoun: who, which; forming the relative in prose.

אֲשֶׁר

relative particle • Lemma_Lookup • Page 205

A relative particle or pronoun (who, which, that). It serves to connect a following clause with a preceding noun or pronoun. It can function as the subject or object within its clause (often supplemented by a pronominal suffix). In the accusative, it acts as a subordinate conjunction expressing relations of place (where, whither), time (when), and manner (as, that). It forms various compound conjunctions with prepositions, such as עַל אֲשֶׁר (wherefore, because), בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר (wherever), and כַּאֲשֶׁר (as).

אֲשֶׁר

pronoun relative / conjunction • Lemma_Lookup • Page 206

Relative pronoun and conjunction: that, which, where, so that, because, in order that. Used to express object and design, clauses relating to time (when), or causal relationships.

אֲשַׁר

verb • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 212

(not used) Aram. equivalent to Hebr אֶתֶר.

אֲשֻׁר

masc. / fem. • Root אשר אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

1. A tree, commonly sherbin-cedar, larch, or box-tree. 2. A step, walk.

אֶשֶׁר

noun masculine • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

Name of a tree; also the proper name of a city.

אֶשֶׁר

noun masculine / noun proper • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

Happy; used as a proper name Asher (son of Jacob and the tribe named after him).

אֶשֶׁר

noun masculine • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Fortune, happiness; hence as an interjection in the construct state: hail! happy!

אָשֵׁר

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

To be connected, united (equivalent to אָסַר).

אָשַׁר

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

To go about, run about; to go, to walk, to step along.

אָשַׁר

verb • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

To be united, by love, marriage, etc.; to be firm, strong, pressed together.

אָשַׁר

verb • Root ישר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

To be straight (even of a way); in a moral sense: to be right, honest, upright; to be prosperous, happy.

אָשַׁר

verb • Root עשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1143

(which see); Ar. the same, hence עָשִׁיר a spouse, an associate. Deriv. אֲשֵׁרָה, עֲשֵׁרָה, עָשִׁירָה.

אָשֻׁר

noun masculine • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Step, walk.

אֹשֶׁר

noun masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Prosperity.

אֻשַּׁר

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

To be led, guided.

אֲשֶׁר אַחֲרֵי־כֵן

adverbial phrase • Lemma_Lookup • Page 708

After that.

אֲשַׂרְאֵל

noun proper masculine • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 206

Proper noun, masculine. ('El is allied). Found in 1 Chr. 4, 16. Equivalent to the Phenician Osiris, an epithet of Ba'al.

אֲשַׂרְאֵלָה

noun proper masculine • Root אשר אלה • Lemma_Lookup • Page 206

Proper noun, masculine. Found in 1 Chr. 25, 2. A variant reading is יְשַׂרְאֵלָה (Jesharelah).

אֲשֵׁרָה

noun feminine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 206

Name of a Phenician goddess, sometimes identified with the Sidonian Astarte; also refers to the wooden image/pillar of the goddess standing beside the altar of Ba'al.

אָשֵׁרִי

adjective • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Gentile of Asher; Asherite.

אֲשְׂרִיאֵל

noun proper masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 207

Proper name of a man (Num. 26:31; Josh. 17:2).

אֲשֵׁרִים

noun masculine plural • Lemma_Lookup • Page 207

Male images of Baal, of wood, symbolising Baal as a generating power, and distinct from images of Ashera.

אֻשַּׁרְנָא

noun masculine (aramaic) • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 207

A wall (Ezr. 5:3), properly a firm thing. Formed from אָשַׁר with the termination na.

אֲשֶׁר עַל־הַבַּיִת

phrase • Lemma_Lookup • Page 238

head of the palace, minister of the court

אֶת־אֲשֶׁר

relative phrase • Lemma_Lookup • Page 87

the person whom or the thing which

כַּאֲשֶׁר

conjunction • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 669

as, when, according as, since.

תְּלַאשַּׂר

unknown • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1515

see תְּלָאשֶׁר.

תְּלָאשָׂר

noun proper • Root תל אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1513

(as also תְּלַשַּׁר Is. 37, 12, also in mss. תְּלַסַּר) n. p. of a Mesopotamian province and city, inhabited by the בְּנֵי עֶדֶן, and formerly subject to Assyria Is. 37, 12; 2 Kings 19, 12. The word has arisen from תֵּל and אָשָׁר = אָשׂוּר.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֲשֶׁר

pronoun relative • Page 79

Relative pronoun: who, which, that. Used for both genders and numbers. Often acts as a sign of relation for other pronouns and adverbs (e.g., אֲשֶׁר-שָׁם 'where', אֲשֶׁר-מִשָּׁם 'whence').

אֲשֶׁר

adv. or conjunction • Page 80

Used as an adverb or conjunction; signifies (1.) *that, to the end that, ut*; (2.) *that, how that, quod*; (3.) *because*; (4.) *if*; (5.) *for*; (6.) *when*; (7.) *as*; (8.) *where*. References include Gen. 11:7, Deut. 4:40, Ex. 11:7, Jos. 2:10, 1 Sam. 24:19, 1 K. 8:33, Lev. 4:22, Jer. 33:22, Num. 20:13.

אֶשֶׁר

noun • Page 79

Happiness, prosperity; found only in the plural construct אַשְׁרֵי (the happinesses of). (Ps. 1:1, 2:12, 32:1, 33:12; Prov. 3:13, 8:34; Deut. 33:29).

אֶשֶׁר

noun masculine • Root אשר • Page 80

*Prosperity*. Reference: Gen. 30:13.

אָשֵׁר

m. proper name • Page 79

1. A son of Jacob, progenitor of one of the tribes of Israel. 2. A city not far from Shechem (Josh. 17:7).

אָשַׁר

verb • Root ישר • Page 79

1. To go straight, proceed (Prov. 9:6). 2. To be right, suitable, successful, or prosperous (Hab. 2:4). Pi.: To lead or guide straight (Prov. 23:19; Is. 1:17). Pu.: To be guided or pronounced happy (Ps. 41:3; Prov. 3:18).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H834

אַשֶׁר particle of relation (Moabite idem; origin dubious: 1 according to Tsepreghi Diss. Lugd. p. 171 Mühlau Bö. Lb. ii. 79 n. Sta Morg. Forsch. 1875, 188; Lb. § 167 Hom ZMG 1878, 708 ff. Müll § 153 Sayce Hebraica. ii. 51 Lag M. i. 255 & especially Krae Hebraica. vi. 298 ff, originally a substantive 'place' = ܐܠܗܐ footstep, mark, ሀሁሂሄ (do.), אֲתָר, ܐܒܓܕ place, Assyrian ašru, used (see Kraetz.) both as a substantive 'there, where,' and as a relative of place 'where': in Hebrew this development has advanced further, and it has become a relative sign Generally. The chief objection to this explanation is that it would isolate Hebrew from the other Semitic languages, in which pronouns are formed regularly from demonstrative roots (compare also Nö ZMG 1886, 738). 2 according to Phi St. C. 73 Sperling Nota Rel. im Hebr. 1876, 15-22 for אֲשֶׁל, developed from the relative שֶׁ (q. v.) by (1) the prefixing of either a merely prosthetic א, or, better, a pronominal א (giving rise to אש, the form of the relative in Phoenician), and (2) the addition of the demonstrative root ל [found also in אֵל, אֵלָה, הָלָזֶה (q. v.), السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ he who, አማር: who (plural)]: the main objection to this explanation is the change of ל to ר, which is hardly rendered probable by the compare of Syriac ܒܝܫܐ by side of הָלְכָא. 1 seems preferable, the primitive root having acquired different significations in the different Semitic languages, and having been weakened in Hebrew to a mere particle of relation).

Cognates:

• Moabite idem
• Phoenician אש (regularly), also sometimes ש
• Syriac ܐܝܢܐ, ܕ
• Arabic الّذي
• Ethiopic ያ
• Assyrian ašru

A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. As a rule אַשֶׁר is a mere connecting link, and requires to be supplemented (see the grammars) by a pronominal affix, or other word, such as שָׁם, defining the nature of the relation more precisely: e.g. Genesis 1:11 אַשֶׁר זַרְעָהּ literally as to which, its seed is in it = in which is its seed, Psalm 1:4 like the chaff אַשֶׁר תִּדְּפֶנּוּ רוּחַ as to which, the wind drives it = which the wind drives, etc.; & so אַשֶׁר שָׁם = where, אַשֶׁר מִשָּׁם = whence, Genesis 2:11; Genesis 3:23; Genesis 20:13 etc. Sometimes also (see below) the relation expressed by it is specifically temporal, local causal, etc. More particularly

1. Relative Pronoun Uses

it includes its pronominal antecedent, whether in the nominative or oblique cases, as Numbers 22:6 and he whom thou cursest is cursed, Exodus 4:12 and I will teach thee אַשֶׁר תְּדַבֵּר that which thou shalt say; and with particles or prepositions, as אֵת אַשֶׁר (according to the context) him who . . ., those who . . ., that which . . . ; לַאֲשֶׁר to him who . . . Genesis 43:16, to those who . . . Genesis 47:24, to that which Genesis 27:8; מֵאֲשֶׁר Judges 16:30; 2 Samuel 18:18 than those whom; Leviticus 27:24 לַאֲשֶׁר קָנָהוּ מֵאִתּוֹ to him from whom he bought it, Numbers 5:7; Isaiah 24:2 כַּאֲשֶׁר יֵשׁ בּוֹ like him against whom there is a creditor.

2. Pronominal Affix and Defining Adjunct

instances of אַשֶׁר followed by a pronominal affix, or by שָׁם, שָׁמָה, מִשָּׁם, are so common that the examples cited above will be sufficient. Very rarely there occurs the anomalous construction עִם אַשֶׁר Genesis 31:32 for אַשֶׁר עִמּוֹ (see Genesis 44:9), בַּאֲשֶׁר Isaiah 47:12 for אַשֶׁר בָּהֶם, לַאֲשֶׁר for אַשֶׁר לָהֶם Ezekiel 23:40: Psalm 119:49 see under עַל אַשֶׁר. It is followed by the pronoun in the nominative, in the following cases:

• (a) immediately, mostly before an adjective or participle, Genesis 9:3 all moving things אַשֶׁר הוּא חַי which are living, Leviticus 11:26; Numbers 9:13; Numbers 14:8,27; Numbers 35:31; Deuteronomy 20:20; 1 Samuel 10:19 (see Dr) 2 Kings 25:19 ("" Jeremiah 52:25 הָיָה) Jeremiah 27:9; Ezekiel 43:19; Haggai 1:9; Ruth 4:15; Nehemiah 2:18; Ecclesiastes 7:26; before a verb 2 Kings 22:13 (omitted 2 Chronicles 34:21).
• (b) in a negative sentence, at the end: Genesis 7:2; Genesis 17:12; Numbers 17:5; Deuteronomy 17:15 אַשֶׁר לֹא אָחִיךָ הוּא who is not thy brother, Deuteronomy 20:15; Judges 19:12; 1 Kings 8:41 "" 1 Kings 9:20 "".

N.B. Psalm 16:3 אַשֶׁר בָּאָרֶץ הֵמָּה is an unparalleled expression for 'who are in the land'; read אֲשֶׁר בָּאָרֶץ הֵמָּה אֲדִירִי וְגָבְהוּ 'the saints that are in the land, they (הֵמָּה) are the nobles, in whom,' etc.

3. First Person Pronouns

sometimes (though rarely) the defining adjunct is a pronoun of 1 or 2 person as well as of 3 person. In such cases it is strictly to be rendered I who . . ., thou who, etc.; Hosea 14:4 אַשֶׁר בְּךָ יְרֻחָם יָתוּם thou by whom the fatherless is compassionated! Jeremiah 31:32 I, whose covenant they brake, Jeremiah 32:19; Isaiah 49:23; Job 37:17 f. thou whose garments are warm . . ., canst thou? etc., Psalm 71:19; Psalm 71:20; Psalm 144:12 we whose sons, etc., Psalm 139:15 my frame was not hidden from thee, אֲשֶׁר עֻשִּׂיתִי בַסֵּתֶר I who was wrought in secret (= though I was wrought in secret), Exodus 14:13 for ye who have seen the Egyptians to-day, — ye shall not see them again for ever! (compare Psalm 41:9).

4. Dispensing with Defining Adjunct

the defining pron. adjunct is dispensed with — a. when אַשֶׁר represents the simple subject of a sentence, or the direct object of a verb: so constantly, as Genesis 2:1 the work אַשֶׁר עָשָׂה which he made, Genesis 3:3 the tree אַשֶׁר בְּתוֹךְ הַגָּן which is in the midst of the garden, etc. b. after words denoting time, place, or manner, so that אַשֶׁר then becomes equivalent to when, where, why:

• (α) Genesis 6:4 אֲחֲרֵי כֵן אַשֶׁר afterwards, when, etc. (compare 2 Chronicles 35:20) Genesis 45:6 there are still 5 years אַשֶׁר אֵין חָרִישׁ when there shall be no plowing, Joshua 14:10; 1 Kings 22:25; after יוֹם or הַיּוֹם Deuteronomy 4:10; Judges 4:14; 1 Samuel 24:5 (see Dr) 2 Samuel 19:25; Jeremiah 20:14 and elsewhere; similarly Genesis 40:13.
• (β) Genesis 35:13 בַּמָּקוֹם אַשֶׁר דִּבֶּר אִתּוֹ in the place where he spake with him, Genesis 35:14; Genesis 39:20; Numbers 13:27; Numbers 22:26; Deuteronomy 1:31 in the desert which thou sawest, where (accents Ke Di), Deuteronomy 8:15; 1 Kings 8:9 (unless לֻחוֹת הַבְּרִית has here fallen out: see Dr & Deuteronomy 9:9) Isaiah 55:11; Isaiah 64:10; Psalm 84:4.
• So (γ) in אֶל אַשֶׁר to (the place) which (or whither) Exodus 32:34; Ruth 1:16; אֶל כָּל אַשֶׁר to every (place) whither Joshua 1:16; Proverbs 17:8; בַּאֲשֶׁר in (the place) where Judges 5:27; Judges 17:8,9; 1 Samuel 23:13; 2 Kings 8:1; Ruth 1:16,17; Job 39:30, once only with שָׁם Genesis 21:17; בְּכָל אַשֶׁר wheresoever Joshua 1:7,9; Judges 2:15; 1 Samuel 14:47; 1 Samuel 18:5; 2 Samuel 7:7; 2 Kings 18:7; עַל אַשֶׁר to (the place) whither (or which) 2 Samuel 15:20; 1 Kings 18:12; עַל כָּל אַשֶׁר Jeremiah 1:7.
• (δ) זֶה הַדָּבָר אַשֶׁר this is the reason that or why . . . Joshua 5:4; 1 Kings 11:27.

5. Extreme Instances

c. more extreme instances Leviticus 14:22,30,31; Numbers 6:21; Deuteronomy 7:19 (wherewith), Deuteronomy 28:20; 1 Samuel 2:32 (wherein), 1 Kings 2:26; Judges 8:15 (about whom), Isaiah 8:12 (where יֹאמַר would be followed normally by לוֹ), Isaiah 31:6 turn ye to (him as to) whom they have deeply rebelled, Isaiah 47:15; Zephaniah 3:11; Ecclesiastes 3:9; 1 Kings 14:19 (= how).

6. Poetry Usage

d. it is dispensed with only in appearance after אֵת אַשֶׁר אָמַר (אָמַר תִּי followed by the words used, its place being really taken by a pronoun in the speech which follows, as Genesis 3:17 the tree as to which I commanded thee saying, Thou shalt not eat from it, Exodus 22:8; Deuteronomy 28:68; Judges 7:4 (זֶה) Judges 8:15 (where the noun repeated takes the place of the pronoun, compare Deuteronomy 9:2) 1 Samuel 9:17 (זֶה):23 +; compare 2 Samuel 11:16; 2 Kings 17:12; 2 Kings 21:4. 5 אַשֶׁר sometimes in poetry = one who, a man who (men who), ὅστις, οὗτινος, Psalm 24:4; Psalm 55:20; Psalm 95:4; Psalm 95:5; Job 4:19; Job 5:5 (Hi) Job 15:17.

7. Substantive Antecedent Insertion

6 אַשֶׁר occasionally receives its closer definition by a substantive following it, in other words, its logical antecedent is inserted in the relative clause: (a) in the phrase peculiar to Jeremiah, אֶל יְרוּשָׁלַיִם אֶל אַשֶׁר הָיָה דְבַר יְהוָה that which came (of) the word of יְהוָה to Jeremiah Jeremiah 14:1; Jeremiah 46:1; Jeremiah 47:1; Jeremiah 49:34 (compare Ew § 334); (b) Exodus 25:9; Numbers 33:4; 1 Samuel 25:30; 2 Kings 8:12; 2 Kings 12:6 לְכָל אַשֶׁר יִמְצָא שָׁם בַּדֶּקֶת Ezekiel 12:25; compare the Ethiopic usage Di § 201; (c) (antecedent repeated) Genesis 49:30 = Genesis 50:13, 1 Samuel 25:30 (יְהוָה repeated), Isaiah 54:9 (probably) as to which I sware that, etc., Amos 5:1 which I take up over you (as) a dirge.

8. Genitive Circumlocution

7 אֵת אַשֶׁר לְ that (belongs, belong, belonged) to, is used a. either alone or preceded by כָּל to express (all) that (belongs) to, as Genesis 14:23 מִכָּל אֲשֶׁר לְךָ of all that is thine, Genesis 31:1 מֵאֲשֶׁר לְאָבִינוּ of that which was our father's, Genesis 32:24 & sent over אֵת אֲשֶׁר לוֹ that which he had, + often b. as a circumlocution of the Genitive, as Genesis 29:9 עִם הַצֹּאן אֲשֶׁר לְאָבִיהָ with the sheep that were her father's, Genesis 40:5; Genesis 47:4; Leviticus 9:8; Judges 6:11; 1 Samuel 25:7 הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁר לְךָ, 2 Samuel 14:31 אֵת הַחֶלְקָה אֲשֶׁר לִי, 2 Samuel 23:8; 1 Kings 1:8,33 עַל הַמִּרְכֶּבֶת אֲשֶׁר לִי upon mine own mule, 1 Kings 1:49; 1 Kings 4:2; 2 Kings 11:10; 2 Kings 16:13; Ruth 2:21; and especially in the case of a compound expression depending on a single Genitive, as Genesis 23:9; Genesis 40:5; Genesis 41:43 מִרְכֶּבֶת הַמִּשְׁנֶה אֲשֶׁר לוֹ the chariot of the second rank which he had, Exodus 38:30; Judges 3:20; Judges 6:25; 1 Samuel 17:40; 1 Samuel 21:8 אֲבִיר הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁר לְשָׁאוּל the mightiest of Saul's herdmen, 1 Samuel 24:5 אֵת כְּנַף הַמְּעִיל אֲשֶׁר לְשָׁאוּל, 2 Samuel 2:8 Saul's captain of the host, 1 Kings 10:28; 1 Kings 15:20; 1 Kings 22:31; Jeremiah 52:17; Ruth 4:3. c. with names of places (especially such as do not readily admit the stative construct) Judges 18:28; Judges 19:14 הַגִּבְעָה אֲשֶׁר לִבְנֵי יָמִין Gibeah (the hill) of Benjamin, Judges 20:4; 1 Samuel 17:1; 1 Kings 15:27; 1 Kings 16:15; 1 Kings 17:9; 1 Kings 19:3; 2 Kings 14:11. compare שֶׁ (q. v.) which in Rabb, like the Aramaic דִּי, ܐܢܐ, is in habitual use as a mark of the Genitive. — N.B. In Aramaic also דִּי, ܕ, without לְ, expresses the Genitive relation, as מִלְּתָא דִּי מַלְכָּא, literally the word, that of the king = the word of the king. The few apparent cases of a similar use of אַשֶׁר are, however, too foreign to the general usage of the language to be regarded otherwise than as due to textual error: 1 Samuel 13:8 read אֲשֶׁר אָמַר (or שָׁם Exodus 19:5) שְׁמֻאֵל (Dr ἕπεστιν); 1 Kings 11:25 supply עָשָׂה (Dr ἠν ἀπέστειλεν); 2 Kings 25:10 supply אֵת with (as "" Jeremiah 52:14); 2 Chronicles 34:22 read וְאֲשֶׁר אָמַר הַמֶּלֶךְ (compare Dr) and those whom the king appointed (abbreviated from 2 Kings 22:14); compare Ew § 292 a, b with note.

9. Conjunction Usage

8 אַשֶׁר becomes, like Aramaic דִּי, ܕ, a conjunction approximating in usage to כִּי: thus a. = quod, ὅτι, that, subordinating an entire sentence to a verb of knowing, remembering, etc. (a) with אֵת Deuteronomy 9:7 forget not אֵת אֲשֶׁר הִקְצַפְתָּ the fact that (= how) thou provokedst, etc., Deuteronomy 29:15; Joshua 2:10; 1 Samuel 24:11; 1 Samuel 24:19; 2 Samuel 11:20 know ye not אֵת אֲשֶׁר יֹרִים how they shoot from off the wall? 2 Kings 8:12; Isaiah 38:3 #NAME? 1 Kings 14:19; 2 Kings 14:15; 2 Kings 20:20. Of time (peculiarly) 2 Samuel 14:15 עַתָּה אֲשֶׁר now (is it) that . . . Zechariah 8:20 (probably) yet (shall it be) that . . . Zechariah 8:23; compare כִּמְעַט שֶׁ Song of Solomon 3:4. (β) without אֵת (not very common, כִּי being usually employed): after יָדַע Exodus 11:7; Ezekiel 20:26 (very strange in Ezekiel: see Hi) Job 9:5 (Ew De Di) Ecclesiastes 8:12, רָאָה Deuteronomy 1:31 (RV) 1 Samuel 18:15, הִתְוַדָּה to confess Leviticus 5:5; Leviticus 26:40 b, הִשְׁבִּיעַ 1 Kings 22:16 (caused to swear that . . .); after a noun Isaiah 38:7 הָאוֹת אֲשֶׁר the sign that . . . ("" 2 Kings 20:9 כִּי): with growing frequency in late Hebrew, 2 Chronicles 2:7, and especially Nehemiah, Esther: Nehemiah 2:5,10; Nehemiah 7:65 (= Ezra 2:63) Nehemiah 8:14,15; Nehemiah 10:31; Nehemiah 13:1,19,22; Esther 1:19; Esther 2:10; Esther 3:4; Esther 6:2; Esther 8:11; Ecclesiastes 3:22 (מֵאֲשֶׁר) Ecclesiastes 5:4; Ecclesiastes 7:18 (with טוֹב: contrast Ruth 2:22) Ruth 2:22; Ruth 2:29; Ruth 8:12; Ruth 8:14; Ruth 9:1; Daniel 1:8 (twice in verse). (γ) prefixed to a direct citation, like כִּי q. v. (= ὅτι recitativum) (rare) 1 Samuel 15:20; 2 Samuel 1:4; 2 Samuel 2:4 (see Dr) Psalm 10:6 (probably), Nehemiah 4:6. b. it is resolvable into so that: Genesis 11:7 אֲשֶׁר לֹא יִשְׁמְעוּ so that they understand not, etc., Genesis 13:16; Genesis 22:14 אֲשֶׁר יֵאָמֵר so that it is said, Exodus 20:26; Deuteronomy 4:10,40 אֲשֶׁר יִיטַב לָכֶם Deuteronomy 6:3; Deuteronomy 28:27,51; 1 Kings 3:12,13; 2 Kings 9:37; Malachi 3:19. c. it has a causal force, forasmuch as, in that, since: Genesis 30:18; Genesis 31:49 and Mizpah, אֲשֶׁר אָמַר for that he said, Genesis 34:13,27; Genesis 42:21 we are guilty, אֲשֶׁר רָאִינוּ we who saw (or, in that we saw), Numbers 20:13 Meribah, because they strove there, Deuteronomy 3:24; Joshua 4:7,23; Joshua 22:31; Judges 9:17; 1 Samuel 2:23; 1 Samuel 15:15; 1 Samuel 20:42 go in peace, אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּעְנוּ forasmuch as we have sworn, 1 Samuel 25:26 thou whom (= or, seeing that) יְהוָה hath withholden, 2 Samuel 2:5 blessed are ye of יְהוָה, אֲשֶׁר עֲשִׂיתֶם, who (οὗτινος) have done (or in that ye have done), 1 Kings 3:19; 1 Kings 15:5; 2 Kings 12:3; 2 Kings 17:4; 2 Kings 23:26; Jeremiah 16:13; Ecclesiastes 8:11,12 (Hi De Now). Here also belongs its use in אֲשֶׁר לָמָּה since why . . . ? (= lest) Daniel 1:10: see below לָמָּה. On אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן forasmuch as Job 34:27 see below כִּי עַל כֵּן. d. it expresses a condition (rare & peculiar): Leviticus 4:22 אֲשֶׁר יֶחֱטָא in (case) that = when (or if) a ruler sinneth (Leviticus 4:3; Leviticus 4:13; Leviticus 4:37 אִם), Numbers 5:29 (explained differently by Ew § 334 a), Deuteronomy 11:27 and the blessing אֲשֶׁר תִּשְׁמְעוּ if ye hearken (Deuteronomy 11:28 אִם), Deuteronomy 18:22 Ges, Joshua 4:21 אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁאָלֻן when they ask . . ., then . . . (Joshua 4:6 כִּי), Isaiah 31:4. In 1 Kings 8:33 ("" 2 Chronicles 6:24 כִּי, compare 2 Chronicles 6:35; 2 Chronicles 6:37) אֲשֶׁר may be rendered indifferently because or when. Once, similarly, אֵת אֲשֶׁר 1 Kings 8:31 ("" אִם). e. perhaps (exceptionally) = כַּאֲשֶׁר, as, Jeremiah 33:22; Isaiah 54:9 (followed by כֵּן; but כֵּן q. v. sometimes stands without כַּאֲשֶׁר, & אֲשֶׁר may in these passages connect with what precedes); according to some also Jeremiah 48:8; Psalm 106:34 (in a connection where כַּאֲשֶׁר would be more usual: אֲשֶׁר may however be the object of אָמַר). In 1 Samuel 16:7 אֲשֶׁר יִרְאֶה הָאָדָם read כַּאֲשֶׁר, see Dr. f. combined with prepositions, אֲשֶׁר converts them into conjunctions: see below, בַּאֲשֶׁר, כַּאֲשֶׁר, מֵאֲשֶׁר. On its use similarly with (אַחֲרֵי) אַחַר, מִבְּלִי, בְּעָבוּר, עַל דְּבַר, יַעַן, לְמַעַן, כְּפִי, עַד, עַל, עָקֵב, מִמִּנִּי, תַּחַת, see these words. — הָאֲשֶׁר, with ה interrogative, occurs once, 2 Kings 6:22. In Deuteronomy 15:14 also read כַּאֲשֶׁר: note בָּרַכְתָּ before. Note 1 אֲשֶׁר being a connecting link, without any perfectly corresponding equivalent in English, its force is not unfrequently capable of being represented in more than one way. See e.g. 2 Samuel 2:5 (above 8c), Isaiah 28:12 unto whom he said, or for that he said to them. Note 2. The opinion that אֲשֶׁר has an asseverative force (like כִּי, q. v.), or introduces the apodosis, is not probably, being both alien to its general usage & not required by the passages alleged. Render Isaiah 8:20 either 'Surely according to this word will those speak who have no dawn,' or '. . . will they speak when (compare above 8d Deuteronomy 11:27; Joshua 4:21) they have no dawn.'

Compounds

בַּאֲשֶׁר

19 a. in (that) which . . . Isaiah 56:4; Isaiah 65:12; Isaiah 66:4 (above 1); Ecclesiastes 3:9 in (that, in) which (4c); Isaiah 47:12 (see 2). b. adverb in (the place) where: above 4b (γ). c. conjunction in that, inasmuch as, Genesis 39:9,23; Ecclesiastes 7:2; Ecclesiastes 8:4; compare ܒܕܝܠ. d. Jonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי on account of whom? (בַּאֲשֶׁר לְ on account of, framed on model of Aramaic בְּדִיל: see below שֶׁ).

כַּאֲשֶׁר

see below כְּ.

מֵאֲשֶׁר

17 a. from (or than) that which (him, them, etc., that . . .) Genesis 3:11; Exodus 29:27 (twice in verse); Numbers 6:11 (see Leviticus 4:26; Joshua 10:11; Judges 16:30; Isaiah 47:13 +; than that . . . Ecclesiastes 3:22; לְבַד מֵאֲשֶׁר Esther 4:11. b. adverb from (the place) where: above 4a (β). c. conjunction from (the fact) that . . ., since Isaiah 43:4.

כַּאֲשֶׁר

conjunction according as, as, when (compare for the combined Aramaic כְּדִי, כַּד) — 1 according to that which, according as, as: a. Genesis 34:12 I will give כַּאֲשֶׁר תֹּאמְרוּ אֵלַי according as ye shall (or may) say unto me, Genesis 44:1; Exodus 8:23; Numbers 22:8; 1 Samuel 2:16; Genesis 34:22 if we are circumcised כַּאֲשֶׁר הֵמָּה נְמוֹלִים; Genesis 41:21 כַּאֲשֶׁר בַּתְּחִלָּה as at the beginning, so כֵּן בְּרָאשִׁית Joshua 8:5,6; 2 Samuel 7:10; Exodus 5:13 כַּאֲשֶׁר בִּהְיוֹת הַתָּבֶן Genesis 7:9 they came in two by two כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה אֱלֹהִים אֶת נֹחַ, as God commanded Noah; so, or similarly, very often, especially in P, Genesis 7:16; Genesis 8:21; Genesis 12:4; Genesis 17:23; Genesis 21:1 (twice in verse); Exodus 16:24; Exodus 39:1,5,7; Numbers 3:16,42 etc.; כֵּן כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר Deuteronomy 1:21; Deuteronomy 2:1; Deuteronomy 6:3,19 #NAME? Deuteronomy 1:21. b. answered, for increased emphasis, by כֵּן (compare כְּ 2d), Genesis 50:12 וַיַּעֲשׂוּ כֵּן כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּם, Exodus 7:10,20; Genesis 18:5 (J) כֵּן חַי כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבַּרְתָּ, Exodus 10:10 (iron.), Amos 5:14 (do.); in opposed to order, Judges 1:7 כַּאֲשֶׁר עָשִׂיתִי, כֵּן שִׁלַּמְתִּי לִי, Exodus 7:6 כֵּן עָשׂוּ כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהוָה, compare Exodus 12:28,50; Exodus 39:43; Numbers 5:4; Numbers 17:26; Numbers 36:10 (all P); with imperfect (frequently) Numbers 2:17 (P) כַּאֲשֶׁר יַחֲנוּ כֵּן יִסָּעוּ; of degree = the more . . . the more, Exodus 1:12 וְכַאֲשֶׁר יְעַנּוּ אֹתוֹ כֵּן יִרְבֶּה וְכֵן יִפְרֹץ, compare Exodus 17:11 (JE) כַּאֲשֶׁר יָרִים מֹשֶׁה יָדוֹ according as he held up, etc., Israel prevailed; in an oath or solemn promise, Numbers 14:28 אִם לֹא כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבַּרְתֶּם כֵּן אֶעֱשֶׂה, Deuteronomy 28:63 (Jeremiah 31:28), 1 Kings 1:30; Isaiah 10:11; Isaiah 14:24; Isaiah 52:14 f. (see כֵּן 2b). c. answered by וְ (Dr § 127 γ) Exodus 16:34; Numbers 1:19. d. often in similes (followed by imperfect of habit) Exodus 33:11 כַּאֲשֶׁר יְדַבֵּר אִישׁ אֶל רֵעֵהוּ, Numbers 11:12; Deuteronomy 1:44; Isaiah 9:2; Isaiah 66:20 +, answered by כֵּן Isaiah 31:4; Isaiah 55:10; Isaiah 66:22; Amos 3:12 +; a second verb is, in such cases, in the perfect with וְ consecutive (Dr § 115) Deuteronomy 22:26; Isaiah 29:8 כַּאֲשֶׁר יַחֲלֹם הָרָעֵב וְהִנֵּה אֹכֵל, Isaiah 65:8; Amos 5:19. e. הָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר (compare הָיָה כְּ) to be as if, Job 10:19 כַּאֲשֶׁר לֹא הָיִיתִי כֵּן אֶהְיֶה, Zechariah 10:6 וְהָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר לֹא זְנַחְתִּים. 2 with a casual force, in so far as, since (German demgemäss dass), Genesis 26:29 if thou doest us no harm כַּאֲשֶׁר לֹא נְגַעֲנוּךָ according as, in so far as, we have not touched thee; Numbers 27:14 כַּאֲשֶׁר מְרִיתֶם פִּי inasmuch as ye have defied my mouth, Judges 6:27; 1 Samuel 28:18 (answered by עַל כֵּן), 2 Kings 17:26; Micah 3:4. 3 with a temporal force, when, Genesis 18:33 and יְהוָה went away כַּאֲשֶׁר כִּלָּה when he had finished, etc., Genesis 32:3; Genesis 32:32; 1 Samuel 8:6; 2 Samuel 12:21 +; answered by וְ (Dr § 127 β), 1 Samuel 6:6; 1 Samuel 12:8; וַיְהִי כַּאֲשֶׁר and it came to pass, when . . . Genesis 12:11; Genesis 20:13; Genesis 24:22,52; Exodus 32:19 + often; Genesis 43:14 כַּאֲשֶׁר שָׁכַלְתִּי שָׁכָלְתִּי when I am bereaved, I am bereaved! an expression of resignation, so Esther 4:16 כַּאֲשֶׁר אָבַדְתִּי אָבָדְתִּי. Joshua 2:7 אַחֲרֵי כַּאֲשֶׁר is a 'conflate' reading, omit either אַחֲרֵי or כַּאֲשֶׁר. Of future time, Genesis 27:40; Genesis 40:14 כַּאֲשֶׁר יִיטַב לִי, Hosea 7:12; Ecclesiastes 4:17; Ecclesiastes 5:3, and without a verb Isaiah 23:5 כַּאֲשֶׁר שָׁמַע לְמִצְרַיִם. — Micah 3:3 כַּאֲשֶׁר is simply as that which, Job 29:25 as one who.

שֶׁ, also (Genesis 6:3 [? see 4a], Judges 5:7 (twice in verse); Song of Solomon 1:7; Job 19:29 [?]) שַׁ, שָׁ in שָׁאַתָּה Judges 6:17, and שְׁ in שְׁהוּא Ecclesiastes 2:22, שְׁהֵם Ecclesiastes 3:18 (elsewhere before guttural שֶׁ, as שֶׁאֲנִי Song of Solomon 1:6; Ecclesiastes 2:18, שֶׁאֲהֵבִים Psalm 146:3, שֶׁעָל Judges 7:12; Judges 8:26, שֶׁרְאֹשִׁי Song of Solomon 5:2), relative particle who, which, that, etc. (constantly in Late Hebrew; Aramaic of Nerab, Ldzb 371, 445; Assyrian sha; Phoenician אש (regularly), also sometimes ש (Ldzb 227f.): according to Ges Ew § 181 b Ol p. 439 Sta § 176 e, abbreviated from אַשֶׁר; more probably (Sperling [see אַשֶׁר], Kö ii. 323 f.) an original demonstrative particle), synonym with אַשֶׁר, but in usage limited to late Hebrew, and passages with north Palestinian colouring, namely Judges 5:7 (twice in verse) [אַשֶׁר Judges 5:27], Judges 6:17; Judges 7:12; Judges 8:26; 2 Kings 6:11 (see 4c), Jonah 1:7,12; Jonah 4:10 [אַשֶׁר 11t.], Psalm 122:3; Psalm 122:4; Psalm 123:2; Psalm 124:1; Psalm 124:2; Psalm 124:6; Psalm 129:6; Psalm 129:7; Psalm 133:2; Psalm 133:3; Psalm 135:2; Psalm 135:8; Psalm 135:10; Psalm 136:23; Psalm 137:8; Psalm 137:9; Psalm 144:15; Psalm 146:3; Psalm 146:5; Lamentations 2:15,16; Lamentations 4:9; Lamentations 5:18; Ezra 8:20; 1 Chronicles 5:20; 1 Chronicles 27:27; Canticles (uniformly, except in title Song of Solomon 1:1); Ecclesiastes (68 t.; אֲשֶׁא 89t.); also (dubious) Genesis 6:3; Genesis 49:10 (שִׁלֹה Dr § 176 e), Job 19:29; and in the proper name (מִי שָׁאֵל and מְתוּשָׁאֵל). — In usage, שֶׁ is in the main parallel with אַשֶׁר, namely 1 as pronoun who, which, whom, Judges 7:12 כָּהוּל שֶׁעָל שְׁפָת הַיָּם (compare חוּל c), Psalm 122:3; Psalm 124:6 etc.; him whom, that which, etc., Song of Solomon 1:7; Song of Solomon 3:1; 1 Chronicles 27:27; Ecclesiastes 1:11; Ecclesiastes 6:3 וְרַב שֶׁיִּהְיֶה לִימָיו and much (verb) is that which his days amount to (Hi De and others), Ecclesiastes 6:10; הוּא שֶׁ that which Ecclesiastes 1:9 (twice in verse); in the Genitive, אֲשֶׁרִי שֶׁ Psalm 137:8; Psalm 137:9; Psalm 146:5. — On מַה שֶׁ in Eccl = whatever, what, see מָה 1e b. 2 as a connecting link; = where (compare אַשֶׁר p. 81, and 4b β), מְקוֹם שֶׁ Ecclesiastes 1:7; Ecclesiastes 11:3 (compare מְקוֹם אַשֶׁר Genesis 39:20 +: Ges § 130c), whither Psalm 122:4 (שֶׁשָׁמָּה Dr § 176 e), when Song of Solomon 8:8; Ecclesiastes 12:3 בַּיּוֹם שֶׁ (compare ib. 4b a). 3 as a conjunction (compare אַשֶׁר 8); — a. that, after רָאָה Ecclesiastes 2:13; Ecclesiastes 3:18, יָרַע Ecclesiastes 1:17; Ecclesiastes 2:14; Ecclesiastes 9:5; Job 19:19 (?), דִּבֵּר Ecclesiastes 2:15, אָמַר Ecclesiastes 8:14, עָשָׂה אוֹת Judges 6:17; as subject of sentence, Ecclesiastes 3:13; Ecclesiastes 5:15; also in the phrases, (a) what is ... that? Song of Solomon 5:9 (usually כִּי; see מָה 1d b), מֶה הָיָה שֶׁ how comes it that ...? Ecclesiastes 7:10; (b) Song of Solomon 3:4 כִּמְעַט שֶׁעָבַרְתִּי hardly (was it) that (German kaum dass) I had passed, etc., Ecclesiastes 7:14 עַל דִּבַּר שֶׁלֹּא יִמְצָא to the intent that ..., Ecclesiastes 5:15 כָּל עֻמָּת שֶׁבָּא exactly as ..., Ecclesiastes 12:9 תּוֹר שֶׁ besides that, עַד שֶׁ (עַד Dr § 176 e Judges 5:7) until that Psalm 123:2; Song of Solomon 2:7,17 + (see III. עַד II 1 a a and b; compare Late Hebrew Yoma Song of Solomon 5:1), while Song of Solomon 1:12 (ib. 2d); עָשָׂה שֶׁ to make or cause that ..., Ecclesiastes 3:14 (compare Ezekiel 36:27). b. involving a reason (compare אַשֶׁר 8c), because, since, Song of Solomon 1:6 (twice in verse); Song of Solomon 5:2; Ecclesiastes 2:18 b. Hence שֶׁלָּמָּה Song of Solomon 1:7 since why? = lest (see מָה 4d b). 4 compounds: a. בְּשֶׁ, i. q. בַּאֲשֶׁר c (p. 84a) in that, seeing that, Ecclesiastes 2:16; also (according to Dr § 176 e Hu De) Genesis 6:3 בְּשֶׁגָּם הוּא בָשָׂר because that he also is flesh; but see שָׁגָג. b. כְּשֶׁ, i. q. כַּאֲשֶׁר p. 455: — (a) according as Ecclesiastes 5:14; Ecclesiastes 12:7; (b) when (so often in Late Hebrew, as Ab Ecclesiastes 1:8 (3 t. in verse); Ecclesiastes 1:14) Ecclesiastes 9:12; Ecclesiastes 10:3. c. מִשֶׁ, i. q. מֵאֲשֶׁר a (p. 84:a), 2 Kings 6:12 מִי מִשֶׁלָּנוּ who of those that are ours? (but Klo Kmp Kau Benz מְגַלֶּה לָנוּ who betrays us? compare Dr § 176 e); Ecclesiastes 5:4 than that (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Ecclesiastes 3:22), + Ecclesiastes 2:24 (read מִשֶׁיֹּאכַל with Ew De, etc.; compare Ecclesiastes 3:22). d. שֶׁל, like אַשֶׁר לְ (אַשֶׁר 7b), a mark of the Genitive: thrice, adding slight emphasis to the suffix, Song of Solomon 1:6 = Song of Solomon 8:12 כַּרְמִי שֶׁלִּי my vineyard (literally my vineyard, which is mine), Song of Solomon 3:7 מִטָּתוֹ שֶׁלִּשְׁלֹמֹה (so often in Late Hebrew, but without any special emphasis, as Aboth Song of Solomon 1:12 הוֹי מְתַלְמִידֵי שֶׁלְאַהֲרֹן be of Aaron's disciples, Song of Solomon 2:1 הוֹי מְתַפַּלֵּל בְּשֶׁלּוֹ, Song of Solomon 2:2; Song of Solomon 3:2 הוֹי מִתְפַּלֵּל בְּשֶׁלָּהֶם; compare ܐܠܗܐ in Syriac, as Luke 6:42 ܒܪܐܠܗܐ my words, Nö § 225). And with בְּ, בְּשֶׁל literally through that which belongs to or concerns, pleonastic for on account of (a late, unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּדִיל, from בְּ, דִּי, and לְ, as in Onk Genesis 12:13 בְּדִילִי on my account, Genesis 30:27; Genesis 39:5 בְּדִיל יוֹסֵף, בְּדִיל מָא on account of what? Judges 8:1; 2 Samuel 9:1; 1 Kings 11:12,39, etc.), Jonah 1:7 בְּשֶׁלְּמִי on account of whom? ("" Jonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי; probably a gloss), Jonah 1:12 בְּשֶׁלִּי on account of me (Dr § 176 e בְּדִיל מַן, בְּדִילִי); Ecclesiastes 8:17 בְּשֶׁל אֲשֶׁר יַעֲמֹל הָאָדָם on account of (the fact) that (= seeing that) man labours, etc. (unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּדִיל דִּי because that, as Genesis 6:3 בְּדִיל דִּי אִינּוּן בִסְרָא, Genesis 39:9 בְּדִיל דִּי אִיתֵית לִי [for Hebrew בַּאֲשֶׁר אֵת אִשְׁתּוֹ]; Palmyrene בדיל די Ldzb 233, — in Tariff Genesis 1:4 (Cooke N. Semitic Inscr. 320) = ἐπίδη). [שֹׁא] see [שׁוּא].

¹ Tsepreghi Diss. Lugd. p. 171 Mühlau Bö. Lb. ii. 79 n. Sta Morg. Forsch. 1875, 188; Lb. § 167 Hom ZMG 1878, 708 ff. Müll § 153 Sayce Hebraica. ii. 51 Lag M. i. 255 & especially Krae Hebraica. vi. 298 ff.

² Phi St. C. 73 Sperling Nota Rel. im Hebr. 1876, 15-22.

³ Nö ZMG 1886, 738.

⁴ Ew § 334.

⁵ Dr.

⁶ Hi.

⁷ Ew De Di.

⁸ Ew De.

⁹ Ew § 334 a.

¹⁰ Hu De.

¹¹ Dr § 176 e.

¹² Kö ii. 323 f.

¹³ Ges Ew § 181 b Ol p. 439 Sta § 176 e.

¹⁴ Dr § 176 e.

¹⁵ Hi De and others.

¹⁶ Dr § 176 e.

¹⁷ Klo Kmp Kau Benz.

¹⁸ Ew De, etc.

¹⁹ Nö § 225.

²⁰ Cooke N. Semitic Inscr. 320.

Particle relative

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0834a:

No stats available

כרת כָּרַת

was cut off

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כרת

kârath

Definition

to cut (off, down or asunder); by implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to covenant (i.e. make an alliance or bargain, originally by cutting flesh and passing between the pieces)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to cut (off, down or asunder); by implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to covenant (i.e. make an alliance or bargain, originally by cutting flesh and passing between the pieces); be chewed, be con-(feder-) ate, covenant, cut (down, off), destroy, fail, feller, be freed, hew (down), make a league (covenant), [idiom] lose, perish, [idiom] utterly, [idiom] want.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3772

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כָּרַת

verb • Root כרת • Strongs / High • Page 742

To cut off, to hew, to fell; to cut up; to destroy or root out. A very common expression is 'כָּרַת בְּרִית' (karath berith) meaning 'to make a covenant', literally to slaughter an animal at the making of a covenant.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3772

I. כָּרַת (approximate number of occurrences: 291) verb — cut off, cut down.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Assyrian karâtu, II. hew off (compare Dl¹)

— כָּרַת Perfect Genesis 15:18 (19 times); 2 masculine singular כָּרֳָתָּ Deuteronomy 20:20; 1 singular כָּרַתִּי Exodus 34:27 (15 times) + 8 times Perfect; Imperfect יִכְרֹת Job 40:28 (21 times); 2 masculine singular תִּכְרָתֿ Isaiah 57:8; 1 singular אֶכְרוֺת Isaiah 61:8, 1 Samuel 11:2; אֶכְרְתָה Isaiah 55:3; 3 masculine plural יִכְרֹתוּ Hosea 12:2, Psalm 83:6; 1 plural נִכְרְתָה Genesis 26:28, Genesis 31:44; suffix נִכְרְתֶנּוּ Jeremiah 11:19 + 31 times Imperfect; Imperative כְּרָתֿ 1 Samuel 11:1; כָּרְתָה 2 Samuel 3:12 + 4 times Imperative; Infinitive absolute כָּרֹת Hosea 10:4, כָּרוֺת Nehemiah 9:8; construct כְּרֹת Jeremiah 34:8 (2 times); כְּרָתֿ Isaiah 44:14 (2 times); כְּרוֺת 2 Chronicles 2:7, 2 Chronicles 29:10; suffix כָּרְתִי 1 Samuel 24:12; Participle active כֹּרֵת Exodus 34:10 + 6 times; Participle passive כָּרוּת Leviticus 22:24; construct כְּרוּת Deuteronomy 23:2; plural כְּרֻתּוֺת 1 Kings 7:12 + 3 times.

Qal

1. cut off: a. things:

• foreskin Exodus 4:25 (Jehovist Source)
• privy member Leviticus 22:24 (Holiness Code), Deuteronomy 23:2
• cluster of grapes Numbers 13:23–24 (Elohist Source)
• bough of tree Judges 9:48–49
• skirt 1 Samuel 24:5, 6, 12
• head of man 1 Samuel 17:51, 1 Samuel 31:9, 2 Samuel 20:22
• garments 2 Samuel 10:4 = 1 Chronicles 19:4
• palms of hands 1 Samuel 5:4
• sprigs Isaiah 18:5

b. persons:

• with מִן of location Jeremiah 11:19, Jeremiah 50:16

2. cut down:

• trees Deuteronomy 19:5, Deuteronomy 20:19–20, 2 Kings 19:23 = Isaiah 37:24, Isaiah 44:14, Jeremiah 6:6, Jeremiah 10:3, Jeremiah 22:7, Jeremiah 46:23, Ezekiel 31:12
• asherim Exodus 34:13 (Jehovist Source), Judges 6:25, 26, 30, 1 Kings 15:13 = 2 Chronicles 15:16, 2 Kings 18:4, 2 Kings 23:14

3. hew:

• timber 1 Kings 5:20 = 2 Chronicles 2:7, 2 Chronicles 2:15, Isaiah 14:8
• כֹּרְתֵי הָעֵצִים hewers of timber 2 Chronicles 2:9
• כְּרֻת(וֺ)ת hewn beams 1 Kings 6:36, 1 Kings 7:2, 12

4. כָּרַת בְּרִית cut, or make a covenant:

(Because of the cutting up and distribution of the flesh of the victim, see בְּרִית);

• הָעֵגֶל אֲשֶׁר כָּרָתוּ the calf which they cut Jeremiah 34:18 (referring to Genesis 15:10)
• עֲלֵי־זָבַח Psalm 50:5
• absolute Genesis 21:27, 32, Genesis 31:44 (Elohist Source), 1 Samuel 18:3, 1 Kings 5:26, Hosea 10:4
• with אֶת Genesis 15:18, Exodus 34:27, Deuteronomy 31:16 (Jehovist Source), Deuteronomy 5:3, Deuteronomy 28:69, Deuteronomy 29:13, 2 Samuel 3:12, 2 Kings 17:15, Isaiah 28:15, Jeremiah 31:31, Jeremiah 34:8, Psalm 105:9 = 1 Chronicles 16:16
• with עִם Genesis 26:28 (Jehovist Source), Exodus 24:8 (Elohist Source), Deuteronomy 4:23, 1 Kings 8:21, Nehemiah 9:8, Hosea 2:20, Job 40:28
• with לְ Exodus 23:32, Joshua 9:6, Joshua 24:25 (Jehovist-Elohist Source), Judges 2:2, 2 Samuel 5:3, Isaiah 55:3, Jeremiah 32:40

Note. — וַתִּכְרָת־לָךְ מֵהֶם Isaiah 57:8 is usually rendered as RV made for thee a covenant with them, with ellipsis of בְּרִית. But מִן is not used in such a construction. The clause is commonly regarded as corrupt by recent critics. Graetz emends עִמָּהֶם for מֵהֶם; Duhm followed by Buhl, reads וַתִּכְרִי after Hosea 3:2.

Niph`al

— Perfect נִכְרַת Joel 1:5; נִכְרְתָה Genesis 17:14; Imperfect יִכָּרֵת Genesis 9:11; Infinitive הִכָּרֵת Numbers 15:31.

1. be cut off: a. of things:

• forward tongue Proverbs 10:31
• dwelling Zephaniah 3:7

b. of persons:

• by famine Genesis 41:36 (Elohist Source)
• by waters of deluge Genesis 9:11 (Priestly Code)
• the anointed Daniel 9:26
• the wicked Isaiah 29:20, Psalm 37:9, Proverbs 2:22

c. technical phrases:

• וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ הַהִיא מֵעַמֶּיהָ that person shall be cut off (by death penalty) Genesis 17:14, Leviticus 7:20, Numbers 9:13 (Holiness Code / Priestly Code)
• מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל Exodus 12:15
• מִלִּפְנָי Leviticus 22:3

2. be cut down:

• a tree Job 14:7

3. fail:

• of waters Joshua 3:13 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• hope Proverbs 23:18
• a name Isaiah 48:19, Ruth 4:10
• לֹא־יִכָּרֵת לְ... אִישׁ there shall not fail thee a man 1 Kings 2:4, Jeremiah 33:17

Pual

— Perfect כָּרַּת Ezekiel 16:4; כֹּרָתָה Judges 6:28.

1. be cut off, navel string Ezekiel 16:4
2. be cut down, Asherah Judges 6:28

Hiph`il

— Perfect הִכְרִית 1 Samuel 28:9; הִכְרַתִּי Joshua 23:4; Imperfect יַכְרִית Deuteronomy 12:29; Infinitive הַכְרִית Jeremiah 44:8.

1. cut off:

• flattering lips Psalm 12:4

2. destroy the life of:

• animals: cattle Leviticus 26:22 (Holiness Code); frogs Exodus 8:5 (Jehovist Source)
• of men: enemies Judges 4:24, 1 Kings 11:16
• by God: nations Deuteronomy 19:1, Zephaniah 3:6; various Amos 1:5, Zephaniah 1:3

3. cut down, destroy:

• cities Micah 5:10
• sun-pillars Leviticus 26:30 (Holiness Code)

Hoph`al

— Perfect הָכְרַת מִנְחָה וָנֶסֶךְ מִבֵּית י׳ Joel 1:9.

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (HWB), Leipzig, 1896.

Verb Qal perfect third person masculine singular

LXX: διέθετο ἐξολεθρεύσω ἐξολεθρευθήσεται διαθήσομαι ἀπολῶ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3772:

διέθετο 28× (9.9%)

ἐξολεθρεύσω 18× (6.1%)

ἐξολεθρευθήσεται 16× (5.9%)

διαθήσομαι 11× (3.7%)

ἀπολῶ 8× (2.5%)

ἐξολεθρευθήσονται 7× (2.6%)

'' 7× (2.1%)

ἐξολεθρεῦσαι 7× (2.2%)

ἐξαρῶ 7× (2.2%)

διεθέμην 6× (2.2%)

יהוה יְהוָה

He Is

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יהוה

Yᵉhôvâh

Definition

Jehovah, Jewish national name of God

Root

from H1961 (היה); (the) self-Existent or Eternal;

Exhaustive

from היה; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of God; Jehovah, the Lord. Compare יה, יהוה.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3068

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יְהֹוָה

noun masculine • Root יהה • Strongs / High • Page 590

A pre-Mosaic old Semitic name of the supreme God, which was specially revealed for the older אֵל at the establishment of the Mosaic religion, as an abstract of all divine greatness and holiness.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יְהֹוָה

proper name • Page 275

The proper name of the deity among the ancient Hebrews. Interpreted as 'the eternal, unchangeable, true' or 'he who is as he shall be.' The text discusses various ancient pronunciations (IAΩ, IABE, IETΩ) and its derivation from the future of הָיָה.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3068

I. יהוה (approximate number of occurrences: 6823) i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity — Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel.

Cognates and Origins:

• Babylonian יהו (claimed by Delitzsch^{Dl Pa 162 ff.}, disputed by Kuenen and Jastrow)
• Egyptian etymology (proposed by Spiegelberg^{ZMG liii 633 ff.}, considered improbable)
• Moabite Stone יהוה as the name of Israel's God (MI¹⁸)

— יהוה Masoretic Text יְהוָֺה (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהוִֺה (Qr אֱלֹהִים) in combinations אדני יהוה; with prepositions בַּיהוָֺה, לַיהוָֺה, מֵיהוָֺה. Pronunciation Jehovah was unknown until 1520 (Galatinus). The traditional Ἰαβέ (Theodoret) and contracted form יָהּ favour the pronunciation יַהְוֶה (compare יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Psalm 74:6).

1. Etymology and Meaning

a. Hiphil theories (The Giver of Being)

• The one bringing into being, life-giver (Schrader)
• Giver of existence, creator (Kuenen, Tiele)
• He who causes to fall, i.e., rain or lightning (Robertson Smith)

b. Qal theories (The Existing One)

• The absolute and unchangeable one (Riehm)
• The existing, ever living (Dillmann)
• The one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption (Delitzsch)

2. Source Analysis and Usage

a. In the Hexateuch

• Elohist Source (E): Not used in Genesis; revealed at Horeb (Exodus 3:12–15) and explained as אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה "I shall be the one who will be with thee."
• Priests' Code (P): Abstains from use until the revelation to Moses (Exodus 6:3).
• Yahwist Source (J): Uses the name from the beginning of the narrative (Genesis 2:4).

b. In later literature

• Common in pre-exilic writers; falls into disuse post-exile, supplanted by אלהים and אדני.
• Job: Used in prose parts and once in the poem (Job 12:9).
• Ecclesiastes: Not used at all.

3. Syntactic Combinations

a. With אלהים and suffixes

• With אֱלֹהֶיךָ: Exodus 20:2–12 (Ten Words); Deuteronomy 5:6–16; in Deuteronomy (234 times).
• With אֱלֹהֵיכֶם: In Deuteronomy (46 times); Holiness Code (15 times); Joel 2:13.
• With אֱלֹהֵינוּ: Exodus 3:18; Psalm 20:8; Daniel 9:10, 13, 14.
• With אלהים (later editors): Genesis 2:4b; Jonah 4:6.

b. The phrase אֲנִי יהוה ("I am Yahweh")

• As a formula of revelation or authority: Exodus 6:2, 29 (Priests' Code).
• In the recognition formula ("that ye may know"): Exodus 7:5; Ezekiel 6:7 (and 48 times in Ezekiel).
• In the Holiness Code as an emphatic close: Leviticus 18:5, 6, 21; Leviticus 19:12, 14, 16.

c. In compound place names

• יהוה יראה (Yahweh-jireh): Genesis 22:14 (Yahwist Source).
• יהוה נסי (Yahweh-nissi): Exodus 17:15 (Elohist Source).
• יהוה שׁלים (Yahweh-shalom): Judges 6:24.
• יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה (Yahweh-shammah): Ezekiel 48:35.

¹ Philo, de Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529.

² Friedrich Böttcher, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Bö § 88).

³ Paul de Lagarde, Symmicta (Lag Sym i.14).

⁴ Samuel Rolles Driver, Studia Biblica (Dr Stud.Bib.i.1 ff.).

⁵ Eberhard Schrader, Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament (COT).

Noun proper name

LXX: κύριοσ κυρίου κυρίῳ κύριον κύριε

LXX Usage Statistics

H3068:

κύριοσ 2605× (41.8%)

κυρίου 1742× (27.8%)

κυρίῳ 598× (8.8%)

κύριον 473× (7.1%)

κύριε 336× (5.4%)

--- 129× (2.1%)

'' 95× (1.3%)

θεὸσ 76× (1.0%)

θεοῦ 69× (0.9%)

θεῷ 28× (0.4%)

עם עִם־

together with/a people

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עם

ʻim

Definition

adverb or preposition, with (i.e. in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then usually unrepresented in English)

Root

from H6004 (עמם);

Exhaustive

from עמם; adverb or preposition, with (i.e. in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then usually unrepresented in English); accompanying, against, and, as ([idiom] long as), before, beside, by (reason of), for all, from (among, between), in, like, more than, of, (un-) to, with(-al).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5973

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עִם

name element • Root אם • Strongs / High • Page 1101

(In united words like עַמִּי, עֲמִדָּה). Element peculiar to personal names, generally referring to God, signifying uniter, gatherer, binder together, or family-founder. Interchangeable with אֵל, אָב, אָח, and אִם.

עִם

particle / preposition / conjunction • Root עמם • Strongs / High • Page 1101

A particle/preposition meaning with, cum, beside, by, expressing communion, union, conjunction, or accompaniment. Also functions as a sign of coordination (and).

עִם

preposition / adverb / conjunction • Root עמם • Strongs / High • Page 1102

Among, between, inter, in medio, apud, with; in the midst of; notwithstanding. (When combined with מִן (מֵעִם): away from, from near, out of the possession of, from, according to the mind of.)

עִם

aramaic preposition / conjunction (aramaic) • Root עמם • Strongs / High • Page 1102

Aramaic preposition/conjunction: together with; with (e.g., the clouds of heaven, meaning riding on a cloud); of time, so long as, as long as, like; by (e.g., by night).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עִם

preposition • Page 512

used only as a preposition. 1. with. Gen. 27: 44. Ex. 22: 29. עִם זֶה with all this, notwithstanding this, Neh. 5: 18. עִם שֶׁמֶשׁ so long as the sun shall endure, Ps. 72: 5. 2. before; e. g. עִם אֵל before God, Job 9: 2. 27: 13. 3. against; e. g. נִלְחַם עִם to fight against.

עִם

preposition • Page 513

with; also in, e.g. עִם לֵילְיָא in the night (Dan. 7:2); עִם דָּר וְדָר so long as the generations of men last (Dan. 3:33, 4:31).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5973

I. עִם preposition — with.

Cognates:

• Aramaic עִם
• Sabean עם^1,2
• Arabic مَعَ³

— suffix עִמִּי (46 times) and עִמָּדִי (45 times) (probably akin to Arabic עִנְדַ side, beside: compare √ ענד), without difference of meaning (עמדי in Pentateuch Genesis 31:31; Genesis 39:7, 12, 14; Exodus 33:12; Leviticus 26:21, 23, 27, 40 (Holiness Code); Numbers 22:19; etc.); עִמְּךָ, עִמְּכָה 1 Samuel 1:26, עִמָּ֑ךְ; עִמּוֺ, עִמָּהּ; עִמָּ֫נוּ; עִמָּכֶם; עִמָּם (27 times) (Genesis 18:16 etc.); and עִמָּהֶם (23 times) (chiefly late: Numbers 22:12; Deuteronomy 29:16; Jonah 1:3; Job 1:4; etc.):

1. Of fellowship and companionship

(Latin cum), as Genesis 13:1 ולוט עמו and Lot with him, Genesis 18:16; Genesis 19:30; Genesis 24:54 הוא והאנשׁים אשׁר עמו, וכל ישׂראל עמו Joshua 7:24; often peculiar to Chronicles and Ezra are clauses introduced by ועמהם 1 Chronicles 12:34; 1 Chronicles 13:2; 1 Chronicles 15:8, Ezra 8:13, 14 (Aramaic Ezra 5:2); so ועמו 1 Chronicles 12:28; 2 Chronicles 17:14–18; Ezra 8:3–12. Coupling substantives, together with, chiefly in poetry: Deuteronomy 12:23 לא תאכל הנפשׁ עם הבשׂר, Ecclesiastes 7:11; 2 Samuel 1:24 שָׁנִי עִם עֲדָנִים, Deuteronomy 32:14 עִם חֵלֶב כרים, Psalm 66:15 אעשׂה בקר עם עתודים, Songs 4:13 כפרים עם נרדים. Unusually, Esther 9:25 אמר עם הספר he ordered in conjunction with writing, in a written order. Poetic or late uses: Psalm 42:9 ובלילה שִׁירֹה עמי, Psalm 89:22 אשׁר יָדִי תִּכּוֺן עמו; in Job of the companionship of sufferings or prosperity, Job 6:4 תִצֵּי שַׁדַּי עמדי, Job 29:6 וְצוּר יָצוּק עִמדי פלגי שׁמן, 2 Chronicles 28:10 עִמָּכֶם אֲשָׁמוֺת.

a. of aid

• Exodus 23:5
• Genesis 21:22 אלהים עמך
• Isaiah 8:10 כי עמנו אל
• Psalm 46:8
• With the help of (= Greek σύν), 1 Samuel 14:45 כי עם אלהים עשׂה היום הזה

b. Of actions done jointly

• ירשׁ עם inherit with, Genesis 21:10
• כרת ברית עם Genesis 26:28
• חָלַק עם share with, Joshua 22:8

c. Of a contest or combat

עִם is with in the sense of against: so often with נִלְחַם to fight, נִשְׁמַּט to dispute, נֶאֱבַק to wrestle, רִיב to strive.

• Genesis 32:29
• Isaiah 3:14 בּא בְּמִשְׁמָּט עם
• Psalm 94:16 מי יקום לי עִם מְרֵעִים in the struggle with evil-doers
• Job 9:14 אֶבְחֲרָה דְבָרַי עמו in the contest with him

d. Of dealing or relation

Of dealing with a person, or of the relation in which one stands with, or towards, another:

• עשׂה חסד עם to do kindness with Genesis 24:12 (in 1 person observe that in this phrase עמדי, not עמי, is regularly used, Genesis 19:19; 1 Samuel 20:14)
• דִּבֶּר עם to speak with Exodus 19:9
• תמים עם perfect with (i.e. toward) Deuteronomy 18:13
• Psalm 73:22 toward thee

e. Of a common lot

• Genesis 18:23 צדיק עם רשׁע together with the wicked
• Psalm 106:6 חטאנו עם אבותינו
• Ecclesiastes 2:16 הֶחָכָם עם הכסיל i.e. like the fool

f. Of equality or resemblance

• Job 9:26 חָֽלְפוּ עִם אֳנִיּוֺת אֵבֶה they pass by as swiftly as skiffs of reed
• נִמְשַׁל עִם Psalm 28:1

g. Of time

• Psalm 72:5 יִירָאוּךָ עם שׁמשׁ as long as the sun endureth
• Ezra 1:11 עִם הֵעָלוֺת הַגּוֺלָה (at the time of)

2. Of a locality

Close to, beside:

• Genesis 25:11 עם באר לחי ראי beside the well
• Genesis 35:4 אשׁר עם שׁכם
• 2 Samuel 6:7 שָׁם עִם אֲרוֺן האלהים
• Deuteronomy 5:28 עֲמֹד מֹּה עמדי by me

3. Of persons

a. In the house or service of

(apud, chez):

• Genesis 23:4 גֵּר וְתוֺשָׁב עמך
• Genesis 29:14 וַיֵשֶׁב עִמּוֺ
• Genesis 29:25 עבדתי עמך I have served with thee

b. In the possession of

(Latin penes):

• Genesis 24:25 עִמָּנוּ (straw is with us)
• Deuteronomy 32:34 כָּמֻס עִמָּדִי stored up with
• Job 12:13 עִמּוֺ חָכְמָה וּגְבוּרָה

c. In the custody or care of

• 1 Samuel 9:23 שִׂים אֹתָהּ עִמָּךְ
• 1 Samuel 22:23 כִּי מִשְׁמֶרֶת אַתָּה עִמָּדִי

d. Beside = except

• Deuteronomy 32:39 אֵין אלהים עִמָּדִי
• Psalm 73:25 ועמך לא חפצתי בארץ and beside thee I delight not

e. Friendly with

• Genesis 31:2 כי איננו עמי
• Proverbs 23:7 וְלִבּוֺ בַל עִמָּךְ

4. Idiomatic of a thought or purpose

a. עִם לְבַב פ

• Deuteronomy 8:5 וְיָדַעְתָּ עִם לְבָבְךָ thou shalt know with thy heart
• 1 Kings 8:17 ויהי עם לבב דוד it was David's purpose
• Psalm 77:7 muse or talk with one's heart

b. עִם alone = in one's consciousness

• Numbers 14:24 רוּחַ אַחֶרֶת עִמּוֺ i.e. operating in his mind
• Job 10:13 ידעתי כי זאת עמך that this was thy purpose
• 1 Samuel 2:26 טוֺב עִם in the judgment of

5. Metaphorical usage

Together with = in spite of, notwithstanding:

• Nehemiah 5:18 וְעִם זֶה

מֵעִם

— מֵעִם (72 times) from with or beside (= Greek παρὰ with a genitive):

a. after verbs of departing, taking, removing, etc.

• Genesis 13:14 הִמָּרֶדֿ לוֺט מֵעִמּוֺ
• 1 Samuel 16:14 סרה מעם שׁאול ורוח יהוה
• Isaiah 7:11 after שׁאל to ask
• Exodus 21:14 מֵעִם מִזְבְּחִי (sq. place)

b. with terms of kindness or names

• Genesis 24:27 אשׁר לא עזב חסדו מעם אֲדֹנִי
• Ruth 4:10 לאֹיִֿכָּרֵת שֵׁם מֵעִם

c. From the possession or custody of

• Genesis 31:31 with גזל
• Leviticus 25:41 with יצא (subject a slave)

d. Expressing origination or authorship

• 1 Samuel 20:7 כִּי כָֽלְתָה הָרָעָה מֵעִמּוֺ
• Genesis 41:32 נָכוֺן הַדָּבָר מֵעִם האלהים established from, on the part of, God
• Psalm 121:2 עֶזְרִי מעם יהוה

Aramaic

I. עִם (approximate number of occurrences: 22) preposition with (Biblical Hebrew עִם).

1. literally with
   • suffix עִמִּי Daniel 3:32
   • suffix עִמָּךְ Ezra 7:13
   • suffix עִמֵהּ Daniel 2:22
   • suffix עִמְּהוֺן Ezra 5:2
2. Uses
   • a. together with: Daniel 2:18, 43; Daniel 7:13 עִם עֲנָנֵי שְׁמַיָּא
   • b. to speak with: Daniel 6:22; war with Daniel 7:21; do with (= towards) Daniel 3:32 דִּי עֲבַד עִמִּי
3. of time
   • Daniel 3:33 = 4:31 עִם דָּר וְדָר (as long as)
   • Daniel 7:2 עִם לֵילְיָא during the night

¹ David Heinrich Müller, Epigraphische Denkmäler aus Arabien (1889).

² Fritz Hommel, Süd-arabische Chrestomathie (1893).

³ Franz Praetorius, Beiträge zur Assyriologie und semitischen Sprachwissenschaft (BAS), i. 26.

⁴ William Wright, Arabic Grammar, ed. W. Robertson Smith and M. J. de Goeje, 3rd ed. (WAG).

Preposition

LXX: μετὰ μετ' μεθ' ἐμοῦ ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H5973a:

μετὰ 252× (26.0%)

μετ' 226× (22.7%)

μεθ' 68× (6.9%)

ἐμοῦ 55× (4.8%)

--- 31× (3.2%)

παρὰ 30× (3.1%)

παρ' 24× (2.5%)

πρὸσ 23× (2.4%)

'' 22× (1.9%)

ἀπὸ 20× (2.1%)

בני בְּנֵי

sons/my son

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בן

bên

Definition

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)

Root

from H1129 (בנה);

Exhaustive

from בנה; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.); [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1121

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בֵּן

masc. noun • Root בין • Strongs / High • Page 253

1. A child, begotten, born, often without distinction of sex (frequently pluralized as children). 2. Specifically, a son, a male child (opposite daughter). 3. Used metaphorically to denote personal characteristics (virtuous or vicious personality, heir of virtue/vice) or objects (e.g., young animals, plants, or inanimate objects). 4. A grandson; also used as boy, youth, prince, heir to the throne.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1121

I. בֵּן (approximate number of occurrences: 4870) noun masculine — son.

Cognates:

• Phoenician בן
• Sabean בני
• Arabic ٱבْن
• Assyrian binu
• Aramaic בַּר (plural בְּנִין)
• Possibly connected with בנה (build), compare Assyrian bânu (begetter).

— בֵּן absolute Genesis 4:25 +; בֵּןֿ Ezekiel 18:10; construct בֵּן Genesis 49:22; בֶּןֿ Genesis 5:32 +; suffix בְּנוֹ Numbers 23:18; בְּנִי Genesis 49:11; בִּן Deuteronomy 25:2 (32 times); plural בָּנִים Genesis 3:16 +; construct בְּנֵי Genesis 6:2 +; suffix בָּנַי Genesis 31:43 + etc.

1. Son, male child

Born of a woman Genesis 4:25; Genesis 16:11; Isaiah 49:15; begotten by a man Genesis 5:4; often contrasted with בַּת (daughter) Genesis 5:4; Exodus 20:10; Job 1:2.

a. Brother

בֶּן־אִמּוֹ son of his mother, i.e. uterine brother:

• Genesis 43:29
• Judges 8:19
• Psalm 50:20

b. Cousins

• Numbers 36:11 (בְּנֵי דֹדֵיהֶן)

c. As a term of endearment or relation to God

Used of kindliness by Eli to Samuel 1 Samuel 3:6, 16. Expressing intimate relation with God:

• Exodus 4:22 (Israel as בְּנִי בְכֹרִי)
• Hosea 11:1
• Deuteronomy 14:1
• 2 Samuel 7:14 (of Davidic king)

d. Of supernatural beings

• Genesis 6:2, 4 (בְּנֵי הָאֱלֹהִים)
• Job 1:6; Job 38:7

e. Grandson and descendants

• Exodus 10:2 (בֶּן־בִּנְךָ)
• Genesis 29:5 (Laban son [grandson] of Nahor)
• Ruth 4:17 (of Naomi)

f. With personal names or attributes

• Numbers 14:30 (כָּלֵב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּה)
• 1 Samuel 20:27 (בֶּן־יִשַׁי often with contempt)
• Ecclesiastes 10:17 (בֶּן־חוֹרִים son of nobles)

g. Plural to denote membership in a nation or family

• Exodus 1:7 (613 times בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל)
• Genesis 19:38 (בְּנֵי־עַמּוֹן)
• Exodus 32:26 (בְּנֵי לֵוִי)

2. Children (male and female)

• Genesis 3:16
• Exodus 21:5
• Joshua 17:2 (+ זְכָרִים for male children)

3. Youth, young men

• Proverbs 7:7
• Song of Songs 2:3

4. The young of animals

• Leviticus 22:28
• 1 Samuel 6:7
• Job 39:4

5. Of plant-shoots

• Genesis 49:22 (בֵּן פֹּרָת)
• Psalm 80:16

6. Figurative of lifeless things

• Job 5:7 (בְּנֵי רֶשֶׁף sparks)
• Job 41:20 (בֶּן־קָשֶׁת arrows)
• Isaiah 21:10 (בֶּן־גָּרְנִי corn of threshing-floor)

7. Member of a guild, order, or class

• 1 Kings 20:35 (בְּנֵי הַנְּבִיאִים prophetic order)
• Ezra 4:1 (בְּנֵי הַגּוֹלָה exiles)
• Genesis 17:12 (בֶּן־נֵכָר foreigner)
• Exodus 29:1 (בֶּן־בָּקָר one of the herd)

8. As relative noun of quality

• 1 Samuel 14:52 (בֶּן־חַיִל mighty man)
• 2 Samuel 12:5 (בֶּן־מָוֶת worthy of death)
• Numbers 17:25 (בְּנֵי מֶרִי rebels)

9. Noun relative of age

• Genesis 5:32 (בֶּן־חֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה five hundred years old)
• Exodus 30:14 (מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמָעְלָה from twenty years old and upward)
• Exodus 12:5 (בֶּן־שָׁנָה a year old)

¹ Bernhard Stade, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Grammatik (1879), § 183.

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Prolegomena eines neuen hebräisch-aramäischen Wörterbuchs zum Alten Testament (1886).

³ Jakob Barth, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZDMG), 1887, 638 ff.

⁴ Paul de Lagarde, Übersicht über die im Aramäischen, Arabischen und Hebräischen übliche Bildung der Nomina (1889), 75.

Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX: υἱοὶ υἱὸσ υἱῶν υἱοῦ υἱοῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1121a:

υἱοὶ 1075× (22.0%)

υἱὸσ 753× (16.8%)

υἱῶν 607× (12.2%)

υἱοῦ 368× (8.1%)

υἱοῖσ 329× (6.1%)

υἱοὺσ 292× (5.7%)

υἱὸν 213× (4.6%)

--- 116× (2.6%)

υἱὲ 96× (2.2%)

'' 84× (1.6%)

ישראל יִשְׂרָאֵל

God-Contends

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ישראל

Yisrâʼêl

Definition

Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

Root

from H8280 (שרה) and H410 (אל); he will rule as God;

Exhaustive

from שרה and אל; he will rule as God; Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity; Israel.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3478

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יִשְׂרָאֵל

noun proper masculine • Root שרה • Strongs / High • Page 662

A proper name with multiple meanings: the patriarch Jacob; the Israelite people; an honorary title for the pious; the northern kingdom of Israel; the whole kingdom after the exile.

יִשְׂרָאֵל

noun proper masculine • Root ישר • Strongs / High • Page 662

A proper name, meaning 'El is a true, honest one.' Described as a ground-form to יְשַׂרְאֵלָה.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3478

I. יִשְׂרָאֵל (approximate number of occurrences: 2507) proper name masculine and of a people — Israel (El persisteth, persevereth (or jussive Let El persist) [usually contendeth¹ or Let El contend², but see Dr³]; on vocalization see Lag⁴, Kit⁵; see derivatives under I. שׂרה).

Comparative:

• Moabite ישראל (MI⁶)
• Egyptian Y-si-r-’l⁷
• Assyrian Sir-’-lai (= יִשְׂרְאֵלִי)⁸
• Greek Ισραηλ

— On a possible relation to proper name שָׂרַי, שָׂרָה see RS⁹; compare שְׂרָיָה, שְׂרָיָהוּ.

1. Proper name, masculine

Second name of Jacob:

• Genesis 32:29 (28 times Genesis, Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Exodus 32:13 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Hosea 12:13
• Judges 18:29
• Exodus 6:14; Numbers 1:20; Numbers 26:5 (all Priests' Code)
• 2 Kings 17:34
• 1 Chronicles 1:34 (8 times Chronicles)
• Psalm 105:23
• בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל Ruth 4:11
• בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל (literal) Genesis 42:5 (3 times Elohist Source, 2 times Priests' Code) + Exodus 1:7 (Priests' Code; transition to wider use)
• 1 Kings 18:31; 1 Chronicles 2:1 +
• = 12 tribes Exodus 28:9 (7 times Priests' Code)
• אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם יִצְחָק וְיִשְׂרָאֵל 1 Kings 18:36; 1 Chronicles 29:18; 2 Chronicles 30:6

2. Proper name, of a people

(usually masculine Judges 11:17 f. but feminine 1 Samuel 17:21; 2 Samuel 24:9). Name of Hebrew nation; usually derived from 1, but יִשְׂרָאֵל more common in early usage than בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל:

a. Israel

• (1) undivided kingdom; יִשְׂרָאֵל Genesis 47:27 (Jehovist Source), Genesis 49:7 (poem in Jehovist Source) + 108 times Jehovist-Elohist Source, Deuteronomy 1:1; Deuteronomy 18:6; Deuteronomy 33:10 (poem) + 76 times Deuteronomic Source, Genesis 34:7; Exodus 12:15 (42 times Priests' Code); Judges 5:2, 7 (twice) + 104 times Judges; often 1 and 2 Samuel; 1 Kings 1–12; כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל of whole people 2 Samuel 8:15 +, of whole army 2 Samuel 11:1 +, opposed to Judah 2 Samuel 2:9 +.
• (2) יִשְׂרָאֵל = Northern tribes, distinguished from Judah, even before disruption, 2 Samuel 2:9, compare 2:10; 3:10; 4:1; 5:5; 12:7; 20:1; 1 Kings 1:35; 4:20; 5:5 +; so at disruption 1 Kings 12:16 (3 times), 12:18, 19; then usually of Northern kingdom, till its fall, 1 Kings 12:28; 14:7; 10 + very often Kings, Amos 1:1; 2:6; 3:14 +, Hosea 1:5; 4:15 (twice); 5:3 (twice); 5:5 +, Micah 1:13, etc.
• (3) יִשְׂרָאֵל of Southern kingdom, Judah, rarely before fall of Samaria Isaiah 1:3; 8:18; Micah 1:14, 15, so בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל 1 Kings 12:17; after fall of Samaria, יִשְׂרָאֵל (less often בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל) occurs of entire people, in reference to past or future 2 Kings 21:8; 23:22; Isaiah 17:9; Psalm 103:7; Jeremiah 2:3; 50:17, 19 +; יִשְׂרָאֵל also = Judah Jeremiah 2:14, 31; 4:1 +, Ezekiel 13:2, 4, 16; 14:1, 7, 9 +, Isaiah 40:27; 41:8; 42:24 +, Ezra 2:59 = Nehemiah 7:61; Ezra 2:70; Ezra 3:11 +, Nehemiah 10:34; 10:3 +, Psalm 14:7 (twice) = Psalm 53:7 (twice), Psalm 147:2; Psalm 149:2 +, etc.
• (4) usage in Chronicles: יִשְׂרָאֵל of whole people 1 Chronicles 2:7 (110 times), of Northern kingdom 2 Chronicles 11:1 (16 times), of Judah 2 Chronicles 12:6; 19:8 (9 times).
• (5) יִשְׂרָאֵל personified as עֶבֶד יהוה, Isaiah 44:1, 21; Isaiah 49:3.

b. בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל

• (1) of undivided people Exodus 1:12 (Jehovist Source), Exodus 3:9 (Elohist Source) + 72 times Jehovist-Elohist Source, Deuteronomy 3:18; Deuteronomy 10:6 (25 times Deuteronomic Source), Genesis 32:33 (327 times Priests' Code); Judges 1:1 (60 times Judges); seldom 1 and 2 Samuel, 1 Kings 1–12; in 1 Kings 13–2 Kings 25 passive in reference to older history (rarely otherwise).
• (2) seldom of Northern kingdom Amos 2:11 (9 times Amos, Hosea); 2 Chronicles 13:12 (7 times Chronicles).
• (3) of Judah (late) Ezekiel 2:3; Nehemiah 1:6 (twice); Ezra 3:1; Joel 4:16 +, 2 Chronicles 31:5.

c. בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל

• Exodus 16:31; Exodus 40:38 (142 times); 81 times Ezekiel, where = Judah (see especially Exodus 37:16); שְׁנֵי בָֽתֵּי יִשְׂרָאֵל Isaiah 8:14.

d. Other phrases

See sub אִישׁ, אֶרֶץ, בַּת, בְּתוּלָה, גְּבוּל, הַר, כִּסֵּא, מֶלֶךְ, מַטֶּה, עֵדָה, עַם, שֵׁבֶט; also (in epithet of יהוה) below אָבִיר, אוֺר, אֱלֹחִים, גָּוֺאל, מֶלֶךְ, מִקְוֶה, צוּר, קָדוֺשׁ, רָעָה.

e. The laity

Opposed to priests, etc. (late):

• Ezra 10:25; Nehemiah 11:3; 1 Chronicles 9:2
• כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל Ezra 2:70; Ezra 10:5
• הָעָם יִשְׂרָאֵל Ezra 9:1
• בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Nehemiah 10:40, compare שְׁאָר יִשְׂרָאֵל Nehemiah 11:20

---

Aramaic

I. יִשְׂרָאֵל proper name of a people Israel (Biblical Hebrew id., √ שָׂרָה).

• אֱלַהּ יִשְׂרָאֵל Ezra 5:1; Ezra 6:14; Ezra 7:15
• מֶלֶךְ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל Ezra 5:11
• בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Ezra 6:16
• עַמָּא יִשְׂרָאֵל Ezra 7:13

¹ Eberhard Nestle, *Die israelitischen Eigennamen* (1876), 60 ff.

² G. B. Gray, *Studies in Hebrew Proper Names* (1896), 218.

³ S. R. Driver in Hastings' *Dictionary of the Bible*, article "Jacob," 530.

⁴ Paul de Lagarde, *Uebersicht über die Bildung der Nomina* (1889), 131 f.

⁵ Rudolf Kittel, *The Books of the Chronicles* (1895), on 1 Chronicles 4:16.

⁶ Mesha Inscription (Moabite Stone), line 5.

⁷ Georg Steindorff, *Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft* xvi (1896), 331.

⁸ Eberhard Schrader, *Keilinschriften und Geschichtsforschung*, 356 ff.

⁹ W. Robertson Smith, *Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia*, 257 (2nd ed. 34).

Noun proper name

LXX: ισραηλ '' --- ιακωβ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3478:

ισραηλ 2245× (92.9%)

'' 57× (2.1%)

--- 50× (2.2%)

ισραηλ 8× (0.3%)

ιακωβ 4× (0.2%)

t? 4× (0.1%)

ιερουσαλημ 4× (0.2%)

[b] 3× (0.1%)

ισραηλίτου 3× (0.1%)

ισραηλίτιδοσ 3× (0.1%)

בצאתם בְּצֵאתָם

in the hand

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

יצא

yâtsâʼ

Definition

to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim.

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim.; [idiom] after, appear, [idiom] assuredly, bear out, [idiom] begotten, break out, bring forth (out, up), carry out, come (abroad, out, thereat, without), [phrase] be condemned, depart(-ing, -ure), draw forth, in the end, escape, exact, fail, fall (out), fetch forth (out), get away (forth, hence, out), (able to, cause to, let) go abroad (forth, on, out), going out, grow, have forth (out), issue out, lay (lie) out, lead out, pluck out, proceed, pull out, put away, be risen, [idiom] scarce, send with commandment, shoot forth, spread, spring out, stand out, [idiom] still, [idiom] surely, take forth (out), at any time, [idiom] to (and fro), utter.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3318

ם

Definition

they, subject pronoun - subject 3rd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal subject pronoun - suffix for some adverbs and infinitives: 3rd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9048

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָצָא

verb • Root יצא • Strongs / High • Page 631

intransitive verb, 1. expressing self-activity, to go out, to go forth.

יָצָא

verb • Root יצא • Strongs / High • Page 632

To go out, go forth, come out, proceed. It has a wide range of applications including to walk, to go to war, to travel, to be freed, to be born, to sprout, to arise, to appear, to escape, to be published or issued.

יָצָא

verb • Root יצא • Strongs / High • Page 929

A root that interchanges with נָצָה, showing y/n interchange.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָצָא

verb • Page 292

To go out, to go forth. Gen. 44:4, Amos 4:3. Special meanings: (1) to arise (sun/stars) Gen. 19:23; (2) to spring up (plants) Job 5:6; (3) to be begotten or descended from Gen. 17:6; (4) to expire, be finished (time) Ex. 23:16; (5) to become free Ex. 21:2; (6) to be laid out or expended (money) 2 K. 12:13; (7) to escape Ecc. 7:18.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3318

I. יָצָא (approximate number of occurrences: 1068) verb — go or come out.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Aramaic יְעָא
• Ethiopic ወጽአ
• Assyrian âṣû¹
• Syriac יעא
• Phoenician יצא
• Sabean וצַא³
• Arabic وضأ²

— Perfect יָצָא Genesis 10:11 (92 times); 3 feminine singular יָָֽצְאָה Numbers 16:35 (13 times); יָצָ֑אָה Isaiah 28:29; 2 masculine singular יָצָאתָ Genesis 24:5 (7 times); 2 feminine singular וְיָצָאת Jeremiah 31:4; 2 masculine plural יְצָאתֶם Exodus 13:3, Deuteronomy 11:10; וִיצָאתֶם Judges 21:21, Malachi 3:20; 3 plural suffix יְצָאֻנִי Jeremiah 10:20; Imperfect יֵצֵא Genesis 15:4 (64 times); וַיֵּצֵא Genesis 4:16 (132 times); 3 feminine singular תֵּצֵא Exodus 21:7 (22 times); וַתֵּצֵא Genesis 30:16 (14 times); Imperative צֵא Genesis 8:16 (15 times); feminine singular צְאִי Song of Solomon 1:8; masculine plural צֵאוּ Genesis 19:14 (11 times); Infinitive absolute יָצוֺא Genesis 8:7; construct צֵאת Genesis 24:11 (31 times); Participle יֹצֵא (יוֺצֵא) Genesis 2:10 (62 times).

1. Qal: Go or come out or forth

a. From a place

• From a tent Genesis 31:33 (Elohist Source)
• From a house 2 Samuel 11:8; Joshua 2:19 (Jahwist-Elohist Source)
• From a city Genesis 19:14 (Jahwist Source); Genesis 12:4 (Priests' Code)
• From Egypt (the Exodus) Exodus 12:41 (Jahwist Source); Deuteronomy 4:45–46 (Deuteronomic Source)

b. From the presence of a person

• Exodus 8:26 (+ מֵעִם)
• Genesis 4:16 (Jahwist Source; + מִלִּפְנֵי)
• Job 1:12 (+ מֵעִם מְּנֵי)

c. In technical senses

• Of emancipation Exodus 21:2 (Jahwist-Elohist Source)
• Of the Jubilee release Leviticus 25:28 (Holiness Code)
• Of divorce Deuteronomy 24:2

d. Of flight, involving escape

• Genesis 39:12 (Jahwist Source; + הַחוּ֫צָה)
• Ecclesiastes 7:18 figurative

e. Of departure and expiration

• At death Genesis 35:18 (בְּצֵאת נַפְשָׁהּ)
• Failing of heart Genesis 42:28 (Elohist Source)
• End of the year Exodus 23:16 (Jahwist-Elohist Source)

f. Of inanimate things

• River from Eden Genesis 2:10 (Jahwist Source)
• Water from rock Exodus 17:6 (Elohist Source)
• Sunrise Judges 5:31; Genesis 19:23
• A lot proceeding Joshua 16:1 (Jahwist-Elohist Source); Numbers 33:54 (Priests' Code)

g. With emphasis on origin or source

• Providential arrangement Genesis 24:50 (Jahwist Source)
• Words from the mouth Numbers 30:3 (Priests' Code); Isaiah 55:11

h. Of children and birth

• From the loins 2 Samuel 7:12; Genesis 35:11 (Priests' Code)
• From the womb Numbers 12:12 (Jahwist-Elohist Source); Jeremiah 1:5

2. Movement and Purpose

a. Go forth to a place: Genesis 27:3 (Jahwist Source).

b. Purpose/Result: Army marching out 1 Samuel 17:20; God going before people Judges 4:14; Psalm 68:8.

3. Combinations

יצא ובא — to go out and come in (active undertakings): Numbers 27:17; Deuteronomy 31:2; Joshua 14:11.

Hiphil: Cause to go or come out, lead out

1. Of persons and animals

• Bringing out of Egypt Exodus 3:10 (Elohist Source); Exodus 20:2 (Elohist Source); Deuteronomy 5:6 (Deuteronomic Source); Exodus 6:6 (Priests' Code).
• Leading an army 2 Samuel 10:16.
• Putting away wives Ezra 10:3.
• Animals from the ark Genesis 8:17 (Priests' Code).

2. Figurative deliverance

• From distress Psalm 25:17; Psalm 142:8.

3. Inanimate objects

• Carry out vessels 2 Kings 24:13; Ezra 1:7.
• Produce or generate Genesis 1:12 (Priests' Code); Isaiah 61:11.
• Speak or publish report Numbers 13:32; Deuteronomy 22:14.

Hophal: Be brought forth

• Genesis 38:25 (Jahwist Source) Participle feminine singular מוּצֵאת.
• Jeremiah 38:22 plural מוּצָאוֺת.

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (1896).

² Theodor Nöldeke, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZDMG).

³ Mühlau & Volck, Gesenius' Handwörterbuch (MV).

⁴ SI: Siloam Inscription.

Preposition, Verb Qal infinitive construct common, Suffix pronominal third person masculine plural

LXX: ἐξῆλθεν ἐξελεύσεται ἐξῆλθον ἐξήγαγεν ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H3318:

ἐξῆλθεν 178× (15.7%)

ἐξελεύσεται 78× (7.2%)

ἐξῆλθον 39× (3.4%)

ἐξήγαγεν 39× (3.5%)

'' 25× (2.1%)

ἐξελθεῖν 23× (1.9%)

αὐτοὺσ 23× (1.6%)

ἐξελεύσονται 22× (2.0%)

ἐκπορευόμενοσ 21× (1.7%)

ἐξήγαγον 19× (1.7%)

מארץ מֵאֶרֶץ

from the earth

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ארץ

ʼerets

Definition

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

Root

from an unused root probably meaning to be firm;

Exhaustive

from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth (at large, or partitively a land); [idiom] common, country, earth, field, ground, land, [idiom] natins, way, [phrase] wilderness, world.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H776

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֶרֶץ

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 193

(Not used) To be hard, firm, dense. (Root of the following noun)

אֶרֶץ

noun feminine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 193

Earth, as firm land i.e. a dense firm mass, in opposition to water. Includes meanings: a) the earth in opposition to heaven; b) earth as an element/material; c) the ground; d) piece of land/field; e) land of habitation or fatherland.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶרֶץ

noun masculine • Page 73

Earth, land. (masc. rarely, Gen. 13: 6; Is. 9: 18).

אֶרֶץ

noun feminine • Page 74

1. earth; also inhabitants of the earth, Gen. 6:11. 11:1. 2. land; e.g. אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם the land of Egypt. Sometimes Palestine, Joel 1:2. 3. jurisdiction of a city. Josh. 8:1. Plur. אֲרָצוֹת lands.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H776

I. אֶרֶץ (approximate number of occurrences: 2407) noun feminine Genesis 10:11 & (seldom) masculine Genesis 13:16 — earth, land.

Cognates:

• Phoenician אֶרֶץ
• Assyrian irṣitu (compare COT Glossary)
• Arabic أرض
• Sabean אֶרֶץ (for example, Osiris 9, DHM ZMG 1875, 594, 614; Semitic Sprachforschung 12, compare Prä BAS i. 374 note)
• Aramaic אַרְעָא, ܐܪܥܐ

— אֶרֶץ absolute Genesis 1:24 +; construct Genesis 2:11 +; אָרֶץ Genesis 1:10 +; with article always הָאָרֶץ Genesis 1:11 +; with הָ locative אַרְצָה Genesis 11:31 +, (this form also in poetry = אֶרֶץ Job 34:13 +); suffix אַרְצִי Job 20:15 +; (אַרְצֶנּוּ) אַרְצְכֶם Job 12:1 +, etc.; plural אֲרָצוֹת Jeremiah 28:8 (65 times); construct אַרְצוֹת Ezekiel 39:27 (6 times); suffix אַרְצֹתָם Genesis 10:5 (2 times).

1. Forms and Grammatical Notes

• Absolute: אֶרֶץ — Genesis 1:24 +
• Construct: אַרְצֵי — Genesis 2:11 +
• With article: הָאָרֶץ — Genesis 1:11 +
• Locative: אַרְצָה — Genesis 11:31 + (also in poetry equivalent to אֶרֶץ Job 34:13 +)
• Suffix forms:
  • אַרְצִי — Job 20:15 +
  • אַרְצְכֶם — Job 12:1 +
• Plural:
  • Absolute: אֲרָצוֹת — Jeremiah 28:8 (65 times)
  • Construct: אַרְצוֹת — Ezekiel 39:27 (6 times)
  • Suffix: אַרְצֹתָם — Genesis 10:5 (2 times)

2. Meanings and Uses

a. Earth (whole earth, opposed to a part)

• Genesis 18:18, Genesis 18:25
• Genesis 22:18 (= הָאֲדָמָה Genesis 12:3)
• Jeremiah 25:26, Jeremiah 25:29, Jeremiah 25:30
• Jeremiah 26:6
• Isaiah 37:16, Isaiah 37:20 = 2 Kings 19:15
• 2 Kings 19:19
• Zechariah 4:10, Zechariah 4:14 +

b. Earth, opposed to heaven or sky

• Genesis 1:2
• Exodus 20:4
• Deuteronomy 5:8
• Deuteronomy 30:19
• Judges 5:4
• Lamentations 2:1
• Isaiah 37:16 = 2 Kings 19:15
• Psalm 146:6
• 1 Chronicles 21:16
• 1 Chronicles 29:11
• 2 Chronicles 2:11 +
• As permanent: Ecclesiastes 1:4
• Built on foundations or pillars: 1 Samuel 2:8; Psalm 104:5; Job 38:4; Isaiah 48:13; Isaiah 51:13, Isaiah 51:16
• Compare also: Isaiah 24:18; Psalm 82:5
• Firm, shaking as terrible: 1 Samuel 14:4; 2 Samuel 22:8 = Psalm 18:8; Job 9:6; compare Psalm 46:2 & Psalm 46:6
• Also: Amos 8:8; Isaiah 2:19, Isaiah 2:21; Isaiah 24:18, Isaiah 24:19, Isaiah 24:20; Psalm 60:4; Psalm 77:19; Psalm 99:1; Psalm 114:7
• Hung on nothing: Job 26:7
• With waters under it: Exodus 20:4 = Deuteronomy 5:8; compare Genesis 7:11
• Personified, addressed: Deuteronomy 32:1; Jeremiah 6:19; Jeremiah 22:29; Isaiah 1:2; Micah 1:2; Job 16:18

c. Earth = inhabitants of earth

• Genesis 6:11
• 1 Kings 2:2
• 1 Kings 10:24
• Psalm 33:8
• Psalm 66:4
• תְּהִלַּת כָּל הָאָרֶץ Proverbs 8:31
• Job 37:12

2. Land (country, territory)

• a. Country, territory: שִׁנְעַר הָאָרֶץ Genesis 10:10; מִצְרַיִם הָאָרֶץ Genesis 21:21; compare also Genesis 10:11; Genesis 11:28, Genesis 11:31; Genesis 13:10; Genesis 47:6, Genesis 47:27; Genesis 50:8; Isaiah 7:18; Isaiah 23:1; Isaiah 23:13; Isaiah 27:13; Psalm 78:12; Jeremiah 25:20; 1 Chronicles 1:43; personified Isaiah 62:4; Ecclesiastes 10:16, Ecclesiastes 10:17
• b. District, region: Genesis 19:28; Genesis 22:2; Joshua 11:3; Psalm 42:7
• c. Tribal territory: Deuteronomy 34:2; Judges 21:21; 1 Samuel 9:4, 1 Samuel 9:16; 1 Samuel 13:7; 1 Kings 15:20; Isaiah 8:23; and smaller territories 1 Samuel 9:4, 1 Samuel 9:5
• d. Piece of ground: Genesis 23:15
• e. Specifically land of Canaan or Israel: Genesis 11:31; Genesis 12:1; Genesis 12:5; Genesis 12:6; Genesis 12:7; Genesis 31:3; Exodus 14:34; Deuteronomy 17:14; Deuteronomy 18:9; 2 Kings 5:2, 2 Kings 5:4 +; especially object of יָרַשׁ possess Deuteronomy 3:20 (Deuteronomy, Psalms and elsewhere); so after נָחַל Joshua 19:49 +; נָתַן Deuteronomy 1:21 +
• f. = Inhabitants of land: Leviticus 19:29; Ezekiel 14:13; Deuteronomy 24:4; Zechariah 12:12 etc.
• g. Used of Sheol: Job 10:21, Job 10:22 (compare Assyrian irṣit la târat, land without return, in Descent of Ishtar, see Jeremiah 10:65); see also Psalm 139:15; Isaiah 44:23

3. Ground, surface of ground = אֲדָמָה

• Genesis 1:26, Genesis 1:30
• Genesis 18:2
• Genesis 33:3
• Genesis 38:9
• Exodus 4:3
• Exodus 16:4
• Ruth 2:10
• 1 Samuel 5:4 + very often in Samuel

4. Soil, as productive = אֲדָמָה

• Genesis 1:11, Genesis 1:12
• Leviticus 19:9
• Leviticus 25:9
• Leviticus 26:4; compare Numbers 14:7, Numbers 14:8
• Isaiah 36:7 = 2 Kings 18:32
• Psalm 72:6
• Psalm 72:16
• Psalm 107:34
• Psalm 107:35
• Ezra 9:12
• Nehemiah 9:35

5. Phrases

• a. People of the land: עַם הָאָרֶץ of non-Israelites Genesis 23:7, Genesis 23:12, Genesis 23:13 (P) Numbers 14:9 (JE); as well as Israel Leviticus 20:4 (H) 2 Kings 15:5; 2 Kings 16:15; 2 Kings 21:24 (twice in verse); especially common people, opposed to officials, princes Leviticus 4:27 (P) Ezekiel 7:27; 2 Kings 11:18, 2 Kings 11:19
• b. In measurements of distance: כִּבְרַת הָאָרֶץ the space or distance of country (see כִּבְרָה) Genesis 35:16, so כִּבְרַת אֶרֶץ some distance Genesis 48:7; 2 Kings 5:19
• c. Country of the plain: אֶרֶץ הַמִּישׁוֹר Deuteronomy 4:33; Jeremiah 48:21; מִישׁוֹר הָאָרֶץ figurative Psalm 143:10 (but read אֹרַח according to Bi, Gr, Che, compare Psalm 27:11)
• d. Land of the living: חַיִּים הָאָרֶץ Psalm 27:13; הַחַיִּים הָאָרֶץ Psalm 142:6
• e. Ends of the earth: קְצֵה הָאָרֶץ Isaiah 42:10; Isaiah 43:6 (|| רָחוֹק) Psalm 135:7; Proverbs 17:24, so אַפְסֵי אֶרֶץ Proverbs 30:4 +; קְצוֹת הָאָרֶץ Isaiah 40:28; Isaiah 41:5, Isaiah 41:9

6. Plural אֲרָצוֹת

The plural אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late, Jeremiah 16:15 (6 times Jeremiah); 23 times Ezekiel; Isaiah 36:20; Isaiah 37:11 = 2 Kings 18:35; 2 Kings 19:11 (Isaiah 37:18 read הַגּוֹיִם see Che Di & compare 2 Kings 19:17); 22 times Chronicles; Daniel 9:7; Daniel 11:40, Daniel 11:42; Psalm 105:44; Psalm 106:27; Psalm 107:3; Psalm 116:9; besides these only P Genesis 10:5, Genesis 10:20, Genesis 10:31; Leviticus 26:36, Leviticus 26:39, except Genesis 26:3, Genesis 26:4 (J R) Genesis 41:54 (JE); it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc., see especially absolute Ezekiel 20:32; Ezekiel 22:4; = the various petty divisions of Canaan afterward united under Israel's control Genesis 26:3, Genesis 26:4, compare 1 Chronicles 13:2 אַרְצוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל, 2 Chronicles 11:23 אַרְצוֹת יְהוּדָה.

¹ [] Indicates that the form enclosed is not actually found (assumed/reconstructed) or that the Hebrew offers no positive proof (e.g., gender).

² || Parallel of words (synonymous or contrasted); also of passages; sometimes 'see parallel' or 'so also in parallel'.

³ t. times (following a number).

⁴ + Prefixed or added, indicates 'All passages cited'. Also used as 'plus', denoting often that other passages might be cited.

⁵ ? Sign of doubt.

⁶ J Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁷ P Priests' Code / Narrative.

⁸ JE Jehovist-Elohist Source.

⁹ H Holiness Code.

¹⁰ R Redactor.

¹¹ Bi G. Bickell.

¹² Gr G. Gesenius.

¹³ Che T. K. Cheyne.

¹⁴ Di A. Dillmann.

¹⁵ DHM D. H. Müller.

¹⁶ ZMG Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft.

¹⁷ BAS Beiträge zur Assyriologie und semitischen Sprachwissenschaft.

¹⁸ COT Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.

Prep-M, Noun common both singular construct

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0776:

No stats available

מצרים מִצְרָיִם׃

of Dual-Siege

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מצרים

Mitsrayim

Definition

Mitsrajim, i.e. Upper and Lower Egypt

Root

dual of H4693 (מצור);

Exhaustive

dual of מצור; Mitsrajim, i.e. Upper and Lower Egypt; Egypt, Egyptians, Mizraim.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4714

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מִצְרַיִם

dual proper noun • Root מצר • Strongs / High • Page 897

1. A son of Ham, then the name of the race of the Egyptians descended from him; collectively the Egyptians. 2. The land of Egypt, often denoting both upper and lower Egypt. The dual form is thought to refer to the two parts of the country.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִצְרַיִם

fem. dual • Page 400

Egypt, the name of a country. Construed with a verb in the singular, Hos. 9:6. The gentile noun is מִצְרִי, plur. מִצְרִים, an Egyptian; fem. מִצְרִית an Egyptian woman.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4714

I. מִצְרַ֫יִם (approximate number of occurrences: 681) proper name, of a territory and people, feminine Exodus 10:7, masculine Exodus 12:33, masculine plural Genesis 41:55 etc. (see below 2) — Egypt, Egyptians.

Cognates:

• Phoenician מצרם
• Assyrian Miṣir(u), Muṣru, Miṣir
• Tel Amarna Miṣrî, Mašrî
• Arabic مصر Cairo, Egypt
• Minean Miṣru
• Greek Αιγυπτος

— מִצְרַ֫יִם Genesis 13:1 +; מִצְרָ֑יִם Genesis 37:36 +; מִצְרַיְמָה Genesis 12:10 (12 times); מִצְרָ֑יְמָה Genesis 12:11 (14 times); derivatives and form dubious; יִַ֯ם usually regarded as dual term (Upper and Lower Egypt? compare Di¹), but as locative ending EMey² Ba³; Jen⁴ thinks מִצְרַיִם absolute formed by analogy of מַיִם, שָׁמַיִם from Miṣrî.

1. Of land, Egypt

a. Usage

• Genesis 13:1 (approximately 500 times), in all periods, including אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם Genesis 13:10 + (approximately 220 times; feminine Genesis 47:6, 13).
• אַדְמַת מִצְרַיִם (the soil of Egypt) Genesis 47:20, 26.
• מֵימֵי מִצְרַיִם Exodus 7:19; Exodus 8:2.
• נְהַר מִצְרַיִם Genesis 15:18.
• יְאֹר מִצְרַיִם Amos 8:8; Amos 9:5.
• יְאֹרֵי מִצְרַיִם Isaiah 7:18.
• שִׁיחוֺר מִצְרַיִם 1 Chronicles 13:5.
• לְשׁוֺן יָם־מִצְרַיִם Isaiah 11:15.
• נַחַל מִצְרַיִם Joshua 15:4 + 6 times.
• Land as productive: Genesis 45:20; Genesis 49:23; compare שֵׁשׁ בְּרִקְמָה מִמִּצְרַיִם Ezekiel 27:7, אֵטוּן מִצְרַיִם Proverbs 7:16.
• Often parallel with כּוּשׁ: Isaiah 20:3–5; Isaiah 45:14; Ezekiel 30:4, 9.
• Parallel with אַשּׁוּר: Hosea 11:11; Hosea 12:1; Isaiah 7:18; Jeremiah 2:18.
• Including Upper Egypt (פַּתְרוֺס), as well as Lower: Jeremiah 44:1; compare Ezekiel 29:10; Ezekiel 30:6; distinguished from Upper Egypt Isaiah 11:11; Jeremiah 44:15.

2. Of people

a. In table of nations

• Personified as second son of Ham Genesis 10:6 = 1 Chronicles 1:8; compare Genesis 10:13 = 1 Chronicles 1:11.

b. Egyptians (as a people)

• Genesis 41:56 + approximately 134 times, including use as Egyptian Kingdom or political power.
• With verb feminine singular: אָֽבְדָה מִצְרַיִם Exodus 10:7; Hosea 9:6; Joel 4:19; and pronoun feminine singular Ezekiel 30:18.
• With verb masculine singular: Exodus 12:33; Exodus 14:25; Isaiah 19:16, 23, 25; Jeremiah 46:8.
• With verb masculine plural: Genesis 41:55; Isaiah 19:21, 23 (+ 22 times).
• Phrases: בְּנֵי מִצְרַיִם Ezekiel 16:26; בְּתוּלַת בַּת מִצְרַיִם Jeremiah 46:11, 19, 24.
• In 1 Kings 10:28; 2 Chronicles 1:16–17; 2 Kings 7:6, Winckler thinks of Assyrian Muṣri in North Syria or North Arabia.

¹ August Dillmann, Commentary on Genesis (1892).

² Eduard Meyer, Geschichte des Altertums, I. § 42.

³ Jakob Barth, Die Nominalbildung in den semitischen Sprachen (NB), p. 319.

⁴ Peter Jensen, Zeitschrift für Assyriologie (ZA), iv (1889), 268 ff.

Noun proper name

LXX: αἰγύπτου αἰγύπτῳ αἴγυπτον αἰγυπτίων pεἰσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4714:

αἰγύπτου 328× (45.8%)

αἰγύπτῳ 101× (13.6%)

αἴγυπτον 79× (10.3%)

αἰγυπτίων 26× (3.3%)

pεἰσ 22× (3.2%)

αἰγύπτιοι 20× (2.4%)

αἰγύπτιοι 15× (1.9%)

αἰγυπτίοισ 14× (1.7%)

'' 14× (1.7%)

αἰγυπτίουσ 12× (1.5%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
Nothing in the ark only the two tables of stones that Moses set down there in Horeb which Jehovah cut out with the sons of Israel in their coming out of the land of Egypt.

LITV Translation:
Nothing was in the ark, only the two tables of stone which Moses put there in Horeb, when Jehovah cut a covenant with the sons of Israel as they went out of the land of Egypt.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
There was nothing in the ark except the two tables of stone, the tables of the covenant which Moses put there in Horeb, which tables the Lord made as a covenant with the children of Israel in their going forth from the land of Egypt.