1 Kings 6:38

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ובשנה וּבַשָּׁנָה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שנה

shâneh

Definition

a year (as a revolution of time)

Root

(in plural or (feminine) שנה; from H8138 (שנה);

Exhaustive

(in plural or (feminine) שנה; from שנה; a year (as a revolution of time); [phrase] whole age, [idiom] long, [phrase] old, year([idiom] -ly).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8141

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שֵׁנָה

noun feminine • Root ישן • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1459

Sleep; also sleep of death; figuratively, a dreamy, torpid thing.

Matched via consonantal key only

שָׁנָה

verb • Root שנה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1458

I. 1. tr. same as שָׁנָה I., properly to fold together two things, to double; hence to repeat, to do again, iterare. 2. intr. to be changeable, to change; to be fickle, or to be otherwise, different; to return, to be repeated; to copy; of time, to run a circuit.

Matched via consonantal key only

שָׁנָה

verb • Root שנה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1458

II. (Not used) intransitive, same as שָׁוָא II. to shine, to glitter, to lighten.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שְׁנָה

f. chald. • Page 690

a year. Plur. שְׁנִין. Dan. 6: 1.

שֵׁנָה

noun feminine • Root ישן • Page 690

sleep, a dream. Ps. 90: 5.

שָׁנָה

verb • Page 690

1. to alter, to change or be changed. Mal. 3: 6; Lam. 4: 1. 2. to be different, diverse. Est. 1: 7; 3: 8. 3. to be of a different opinion. Prov. 24: 21. 4. to repeat, to do a second time. Neh. 13: 21; 1 Sam. 26: 8. Pi. to change, alter (promise, way, garments, or countenance). Ps. 89: 35; Jer. 2: 36; 52: 33; Job 14: 20. Pu. to be changed, disfigured. Ecc. 8: 1. Hithpa. to disguise one's self. 1 K. 14: 2.

שָׁנָה

noun feminine • Root שנה • Page 690

a year, perhaps literally a repetition or return of the same seasons. Deut. 14: 22; 1 Sam. 7: 16; Gen. 7: 11. Dual שְׁנָתַיִם two years. Gen. 41: 1; Jer. 28: 3.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8141

I. שָׁנָה (approximate number of occurrences: 877) noun feminine (on apparent exception see Albr¹) — year (etymology see II. שׁנה).

— שָׁנָה absolute Amos 2:10 +; construct שְׁנַת Genesis 41:50 +; suffix שְׁנָתוֺ Ezekiel 46:13 +, שְׁנָתָהּ Leviticus 14:10 (2 times); dual שְׁנָתַיִם Amos 1:1 +, שְׁנָתָיִם 1 Kings 15:25 +; plural שָׁנִים Exodus 21:2 +, construct שְׁנֵי Genesis 23:1 (24 times), שְׁנוֺת Deuteronomy 32:7 (8 times, in poetry and late); suffix שְׁנָיו Leviticus 25:52 (4 times); שְׁנוֺתַי Isaiah 38:15; Psalm 31:11, שְׁנוֺתָם Psalm 78:33 (8 times).

1. As division of time

a. General usage

• Exodus 23:14
• Exodus 23:17
• רֵשִׁית הַשּׁ׳ (beginning of the year) Deuteronomy 11:12 (opposed to אַחֲרִית הַשּׁ׳ end of the year)
• צֵאת הַשּׁ׳ (exit of the year) Exodus 23:16
• תְּקוּפַת הַשּׁ׳ (revolution of the year) Exodus 34:22; 2 Chronicles 24:23
• תְּשׁוּבַת הַשּׁ׳ (return of the year) 2 Samuel 11:1

b. Recurring and indefinite intervals

• שָׁנָה בְשָׁנָה (year by year) 1 Samuel 1:7
• שָׁנָה שָׁנָה Deuteronomy 14:22
• אַחֲרֵי שָׁנָה שָׁנָה (year after year) 2 Samuel 21:1
• בְּכָל־שָׁנָה וְשָׁנָה (every single year) Esther 9:21, 27
• שָׁנִים (for years) Ezekiel 38:17
• זֶה יָמִים אוֺ זֶה שָׁנִים 1 Samuel 29:3

2. Duration of life and age

• שְׁנֵי חַיֵּי (years of the life of...) Genesis 23:1; Genesis 25:7 (Priests' Code)
• Of God: Job 10:5; Psalm 102:25; Psalm 102:28
• In phrase of age: (see בֵּן 9, בַּת 9)

3. Specific years and designations

• בִּשְׁנַת מוֺת הַמֶּלֶח (year of the king's death) Isaiah 6:1; Isaiah 14:28
• שְׁנַת הַשּׁמִטָּה (year of release) Deuteronomy 15:9; Deuteronomy 31:10
• שְׁנַת הַיּוֺבֵל (year of Jubilee) Leviticus 25:13
• שְׁנֵי שָׂכִיר (years of a hireling) Isaiah 16:14; Isaiah 21:16
• שְׁנַת פְּקֻדָּתָם (year of their visitation) Jeremiah 11:23
• שְׁנַת רָצוֺן (year of favor) Isaiah 61:2

4. Numerical usage

• Plural after units: Exodus 21:2; שְׁתַּיִם שָׁנִים 2 Samuel 2:10
• Dual: שְׁנָתַיִם Amos 1:1; שְׁנָתַיִם יָמִים Genesis 41:1
• Singular after 11–19, tens and hundreds: Genesis 5:3, 9; Genesis 14:4
• Large numbers: אֶלֶף שָׁנִים (1000 years) Psalm 90:4; (+ פַּעֲמַיִם) Ecclesiastes 6:6
• Ordinal force: בִּשְׁנַת אַרְבַּע לְ (in the fourth year of) 1 Kings 22:41; בַּשָּׁנָה הָֽרְבִיעִת Leviticus 19:24
• Late usage with article: בִּשְׁנַת הַתְּשִׁיעִית 2 Kings 25:1; Ezra 7:8

II. שׁנה (root of following, meaning dubious).

Cognates:

• Arabic سنى (shine)
• Ethiopic ሠነየ (be beautiful)
• Assyrian šinîtu (dyed cloth)

¹ Albrecht, ZAW xvi (1896), 46.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC), § 134p.

³ Priests' Code / Narrative.

⁴ Septuagint (LXX).

Conjunction, Preposition, Noun common feminine singular absolute

LXX: ἔτη ἔτει ἐτῶν ἐνιαυτοῦ ἐνιαυτῷ

LXX Usage Statistics

H8141:

ἔτη 287× (33.8%)

ἔτει 132× (13.0%)

ἐτῶν 114× (13.4%)

ἐνιαυτοῦ 35× (3.7%)

ἐνιαυτῷ 32× (2.8%)

ἐνιαυτὸν 30× (3.3%)

εἰκοσαετοῦσ 29× (3.0%)

ἔτουσ 26× (2.9%)

'' 23× (2.4%)

ἐνιαύσιον 20× (2.4%)

האחת הָאַחַת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אחד

ʼechâd

Definition

properly, united, i.e. one; or (as an ordinal) first

Root

a numeral from H258 (אחד);

Exhaustive

a numeral from אחד; properly, united, i.e. one; or (as an ordinal) first; a, alike, alone, altogether, and, any(-thing), apiece, a certain, (dai-) ly, each (one), [phrase] eleven, every, few, first, [phrase] highway, a man, once, one, only, other, some, together,

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H259

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֶחָד

numeral cardinal • Root אחד • Strongs_Numbers • Page 95

One; unus; first (primus).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶחָד

m. const. • Page 37

1. one; freq. 2. first. Only in numbering the days of the month. (feminine form is אַחַת).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H259

I. אֶחָד (962 times) adjective — number one.

Cognates:

• Phoenician אחד
• Sabean idem
• compare D. H. Müller¹ Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 1876, 707
• Arabic أحد
• Ethiopic አሐድ
• Aramaic חַד
• Syriac ܚܕܐ
• on Assyrian edu, a—adu, compare Friedrich Delitzsch² Wo lag das Paradies? No. 139

— absolute אֶחָד Genesis 1:5; אַחַד Genesis 21:15 +; so even before preposition 1 Samuel 9:3 and elsewhere see S. R. Driver³; feminine absolute אַחַת Genesis 2:21 +; אֶחָת Genesis 11:1 +; construct אַחַת Deuteronomy 13:13 +; plural masculine אֲחָדִים Genesis 11:1 + 4 times; חַד Ezekiel 33:30 strike out C. H. Cornill⁴ compare אֲחָדִים.

1. Cardinal Number: One

• Genesis 1:9; Genesis 27:38, Genesis 27:45; Exodus 12:49; Joshua 23:10; 1 Samuel 1:24; 2 Samuel 12:3 +; Zechariah 14:9; Malachi 2:10; Job 31:15 +, so also (emphatic) 2 Samuel 17:3 for אִישׁ אֶחָד Julius Wellhausen⁵ S. R. Driver³; one or two לֹא לְיוֹם אֶחָד וְלֹא לִשְׁנַיִם Ezra 10:13; as substantive followed by מִן Genesis 2:21; Leviticus 4:2, Leviticus 4:13; Isaiah 34:16 +; הָאֶחָד Genesis 19:9; Genesis 42:13, Genesis 42:32; 2 Kings 6:3, 2 Kings 6:5 +; one and the same Genesis 40:5; Job 31:15; plural דְּבָרִים אֲחָדִים Genesis 11:1 compare Ezekiel 37:17 (absolute), but see C. H. Cornill⁴; = few, a few יָמִים אַחַדִים Genesis 27:44; Genesis 29:20; Daniel 11:20; כְּאִישׁ אֶחָד as one man, together Judges 20:8; 1 Samuel 11:7; also כְּאֶחָד late = Aramaic כַּחֲדָא Ezra 2:64 (= Nehemiah 7:66) Ezra 3:9; Ezra 6:20; Ecclesiastes 11:6; see especially Isaiah 65:25 (parallel to earlier יַחְדָּו Isaiah 11:6, Isaiah 11:7).

2. Distributive: Each, Every

• Exodus 36:30; Numbers 7:3, Numbers 7:85; Numbers 28:21; 1 Kings 4:7; 2 Kings 15:20 +; also repeated, distributive sense Numbers 7:11; Numbers 13:2; Numbers 17:21; Joshua 3:12; Joshua 4:2, Joshua 4:4.

3. Indefinite: A Certain

• 1 Samuel 1:1; 2 Samuel 18:10; 2 Kings 4:1; Esther 3:8; 2 Samuel 17:9 see S. R. Driver³ 1 Samuel 1:1; hence indefinite article 1 Samuel 6:7; 1 Samuel 24:15; 1 Samuel 26:20 (but strike out Julius Wellhausen⁵ S. R. Driver³) 1 Kings 19:4, 1 Kings 19:5 +.

4. Only

• 1 Kings 4:19; & (feminine) once 2 Kings 6:10; Psalm 62:12; Psalm 89:36 (once for all); אַחַת לִשְׁלוֹשִׁים שָׁנִים 2 Chronicles 9:21, בַּשָּׁנָה הָאַחַת Leviticus 16:34 compare Job 40:5, מַעַם אֶחָת Joshua 6:3, Joshua 6:11 compare Joshua 6:14, בְּאַחַת Numbers 10:4; Job 33:14; at once בְּאֶחָת Proverbs 28:18 compare וְאִנָּקְמָה נְקָמָה אַחַת Judges 16:28.

Note: Numbers 10:4 בְּאַחַת is rather 'in one (of the trumpets)'; Job 33:14 it = in one way; Proverbs 28:18 read probably with Paul de Lagarde⁶ Dy Bi בַּשָּׁבָחַת; Judges 16:28 is rather 'vengeance for one of my two eyes' (see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar⁷). Jeremiah 10:8 בְּאַחַת probably = in one, altogether.

5. One . . . Another, The One . . . The Other

• אֶחָד . . . אֶחָד Exodus 17:12; Exodus 18:3, Exodus 18:4; Amos 4:7; 2 Samuel 12:1; Jeremiah 24:2; 2 Chronicles 3:17; Nehemiah 4:11 +; 2 Samuel 14:6 read הָאֶחָד אֶת־אָחִיו for האחד את־האחד Julius Wellhausen⁵ S. R. Driver³; one after another, one by one, לְאַחַד אֶחָד Isaiah 27:12 compare Ecclesiastes 7:27.

6. Ordinal: First

• (mostly Priests' Code / Narrative and late) Genesis 1:5 (P) Genesis 2:11 (J) Exodus 39:10 (P); absolute Job 42:14, Ezekiel 10:14 especially of first day of month Exodus 40:2 (P) Ezra 3:6; Ezra 10:16, Ezra 10:17; Nehemiah 8:2; Haggai 1:1; first year, שְׁנַת אַחַת 2 Chronicles 36:22; Ezra 1:1; Daniel 1:21; Daniel 9:1, Daniel 9:2; Daniel 11:1 compare first (day, יוֹם omitted) Genesis 8:5, Genesis 8:13 בְּאֶחָד לַחֹדֶשׁ; so Exodus 40:17; Leviticus 23:24; Numbers 1:18; Numbers 29:1; Numbers 33:38 (all P) Deuteronomy 1:3; 2 Chronicles 29:17; Ezra 7:9 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 26:1; Ezekiel 29:17; Ezekiel 31:1; Ezekiel 32:1; Ezekiel 45:18.

7. In Combinations

• a. אַחַד עָשָׂר eleven (compare עָשָׂר, עַשְׁתֵּי) Genesis 32:23; Genesis 37:9 (JE) Deuteronomy 1:2; so אַחַת־עֶשְׂרֵה Joshua 15:51 (P) 2 Kings 23:36; 2 Kings 24:18; 2 Chronicles 36:5, 2 Chronicles 36:11; Jeremiah 52:1 (precedes noun, except Joshua 15:51; as ordinal, eleventh אַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה Ezekiel 30:20; Ezekiel 31:1 compare 1 Kings 6:38; 2 Kings 9:29; b. with other numerals, as cardinal אֶחָד וְאַרְבָּעִים אֶלֶף וְחֲמִשִּׁים מֵאוֹת Numbers 1:41; compare Numbers 2:16, Numbers 2:28; Numbers 31:34, Numbers 31:39 (all P; אֶחָד precedes other numeral); but אַרְבָּעִים וְאַחַת שָׁנָה (אֶחָד following) 1 Kings 14:21; 1 Kings 15:10; 2 Kings 14:23; 2 Chronicles 12:13 compare 2 Kings 22:1 2 Chronicles 34:1; 2 Kings 24:18 = Jeremiah 52:1 2 Chronicles 36:11; Joshua 12:24 (D) Isaiah 30:17; Ezra 2:26 = Nehemiah 7:30 compare Nehemiah 7:37; Daniel 10:13; as ordinal בְּאַחַת וְשִׁשִּׁים מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה Genesis 8:13 (P) Exodus 12:18 (P), 1 Chronicles 24:17; 1 Chronicles 25:28; 2 Chronicles 16:13 (אֶחָד preceding); but 1 Kings 16:23; Haggai 2:1 (אֶחָד following).

II. [אֶחָד] (root of following; see Biblical Hebrew אֶחָד. חַד adjective one, a; — masculine singular חַד Daniel 2:31 +; feminine singular חֲדָה Ezra 4:8 +; — 1 one side Daniel 7:5; noun omitted Daniel 6:3; חֲדָה Daniel 2:9 = one and invariable (inevitable); כַּחֲדָה Daniel 2:35 as one, altogether (so Syriac-Codex K 3, and late Biblical Hebrew כְּאֶחָד Ezra 2:64 +); = ordinal, שְׁנַת חֲדָה first year Ezra 7:1; Ezra 5:13; Ezra 6:3; חַד = a certain one (τινά) Daniel 7:16 (with מִן partitive). 2 a (indefinite article) with substantive Daniel 2:31; Daniel 6:18; Daniel 4:16 (see שָׁעָה), Ezra 4:8; Ezra 6:2, חַד שִׁדְעָךְ Daniel 3:19 = seven-fold (as Syriac: Theodor Nöldeke § 241 PS 1194; compare Exodus 16:5), see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar⁷ § 66, 2.

¹ D. H. Müller, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 1876, 707.

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Wo lag das Paradies? No. 139.

³ S. R. Driver, Introduction to the Literature of the Old Testament.

⁴ C. H. Cornill, Commentary on Ezekiel.

⁵ Julius Wellhausen, Prolegomena zur Geschichte Israels.

⁶ Paul de Lagarde, Orientalia.

⁷ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

Particle definite article, Noun common feminine singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0259:

No stats available

עשרה עֶשְׂרֵ֜ה

ten

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עשר

ʻâsâr

Definition

ten (only in combination), i.e. -teen; also (ordinal) -teenth

Root

for H6235 (עשר);

Exhaustive

for עשר; ten (only in combination), i.e. -teen; also (ordinal) -teenth; (eigh-, fif-, four-, nine-, seven-, six-, thir-) teen(-th), [phrase] eleven(-th), [phrase] sixscore thousand, [phrase] twelve(-th).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6240

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הֶעֱשִׁיר

hif. verb • Root עשר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1143

(Hif.) to make rich, with accusat. of the person; to gain or acquire riches.

Matched via consonantal key only

הַעֲשֵׂר

verb hifil • Root עשר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1144

(Hifil, Infinitive Construct) Used specifically in reference to tithing/giving the tenth part.

Matched via consonantal key only

עֹ֫שֶׁר

noun masculine • Root עשר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1144

Riches; wealth. Sometimes coupled with words for glory, possessions, or produce. Also refers to strength/power.

Matched via consonantal key only

עֲשַׂר

noun masculine (aramaic) • Root עשר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1144

Aramaic masculine form, same as Hebrew עֶשֶׂר (ten). Also used specifically in the number twelve.

Matched via consonantal key only

עִשֵׂר

verb piel • Root עשר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1144

(Piel) To give the tenth part, with accusative of the object.

Matched via consonantal key only

עִשֵּׁר

pih. verb • Root עשר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1143

(Pih.) to make many; i. e. to build many ships; to make rich, with accusat. of the person; to gain or acquire riches.

Matched via consonantal key only

עֶשֶׂר

numeral • Root עשר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1144

Ten (masculine form, used generally as a numeral, sometimes denoting weight or with collectives).

Matched via consonantal key only

עָשַׂר

verb qal • Root עשר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1144

(Qal) A denominative verb meaning to tithe, i. e. to take the tenth part of a thing (as a tax).

Matched via consonantal key only

עָשַׁר

verb / adjective • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1142

To be rich. (The definition lists the derived adjective עָשִׁיר: A rich man, the noble, the influential, mighty, one who rules over the poor.)

Matched via consonantal key only

עָשַׂר

verb transitive • Root עשר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1143

I. (not used) 1. transitive: same as עָשַׁר II. to put together, to bind, to unite, into a whole; to associate, to join together, of the married, companions, friends.

Matched via consonantal key only

עָשַׂר

verb intransitive • Root עשר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1143

2. intransitive: to be brought together, united, bound, of a heap, connected with עָשַׁר I. Deriv. עֶשֶׂר, denom. עָשְׂרָה, עֶשֶׂר, עֲשָׂרָה, עֶשְׂרִים, עֲשִׂירִי, מַעְשַׂר, עִשָּׂרוֹן, עָשִׂיר.

Matched via consonantal key only

עָשָׂר

substantive • Root עשר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1143

ten, only in the numbers 11 to 19 compounded with one to 9; and without Vav. (Refers to number 10, masculine form).

Matched via consonantal key only

עָשַׁר

verb intransitive • Root עשר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1143

I. intransitive: to be large, to be heaped together, brought together in abundance, of goods, property, and so to be rich.

Matched via consonantal key only

עָשַׁר

verb • Root עשר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1143

II. to over-flow, to be copious, heaped; (of space) to extend, to stretch afar.

Matched via consonantal key only

עָשַׁר

intrans. verb • Root עשר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1143

II. (not used) intransitive: to be united, joined, in a sexual relation; to be intimate, to be associated, of friendship and alliance; completely identical with אָשַׁר.

Matched via consonantal key only

עָשַׁר

aram. verb (aramaic) • Root עשר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1143

(not used) Aram. same as Hebr. עָשַׂר (which see).

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עֲשַׂר

chald. f. • Page 531

ten (Dan. 7:7). Plur. עֶשְׂרִין (twenty, Dan. 6:2).

עֶשֶׂר

noun feminine • Page 531

ten. Plur. עֲשָׂרוֹת m. tens (Ex. 18:21, Deut. 1:15).

עָשַׂר

verb • Root עשר • Page 531

to impose tithes, take the tenth part (1 Sam. 8:15). Pi. to pay tithes (Gen. 28:22). Hiph. to pay or give tithes (Deut. 26:12).

עָשָׂר

noun masculine • Page 531

ten; used in composition for numbers 11-19 (like -teen). Examples: אַחַד עָשָׂר (eleven). Plur. עֶשְׂרִים (twenty).

עָשַׁר

verb • Page 532

to be or become rich. Job 15: 29. Hos. 12: 9. Hiph. to enrich, to make rich. Gen. 14: 23. Ps. 65: 10. Hithpa. to represent one's self as rich. Prov. 13: 7.

עֹשֶׁר

noun masculine • Root עשר • Page 532

riches. 1 Sam. 17: 25.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6240

I. עָשָׂר (203) and עֶשְׂרֵה (144) noun masculine and feminine — ten (only after units to make numbers 11–19, both cardinal and ordinal).

— עֶשְׂרֵה with feminine noun, עָשָׂר with masculine noun, thus:

1. Eleven

a. אַחַד עָשָׂר (with masculine noun) Genesis 32:23 (2 times).
b. אַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה (with feminine noun) 2 Kings 23:36 (7 times); also = eleventh 1 Kings 6:38; 2 Kings 9:29.
c. עַשְׁתֵּי עָשָׂר (with masculine noun) Numbers 29:20; ordinal Deuteronomy 1:3 (7 times).
d. עַשְׁתֵּי עֶשְׂרֵה (with feminine noun) Exodus 26:7 (4 times); ordinal Jeremiah 1:3 (4 times).

2. Twelve

a. שְׁנֵי(ם) עָשָׂר (with masculine noun) Genesis 35:22 (80 times); ordinal 1 Kings 19:19 (12 times).
b. שְׁתֵּי(ם) עֶשְׂרֵה (with feminine noun) Exodus 24:4 (31 times); ordinal 2 Kings 8:25 (6 times).

3. Thirteen

a. שְׁלשָׁה עָשָׂר (with masculine noun) Numbers 29:14 (2 times); ordinal Esther 3:12 (7 times).
b. שְׁלשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה (with feminine noun) 1 Kings 7:1 (9 times); ordinal Genesis 14:4 (2 times).

4. Fourteen

a. אַרְכָּעָה עָשָׂר Genesis 46:22 (13 times); ordinal Exodus 12:6 (17 times).
b. אַרְבַּע עֶשְׂרֵה Genesis 31:41 (5 times); ordinal 2 Kings 18:13 (3 times).

5. Fifteen

a. חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר Hosea 3:2 (3 times); ordinal Exodus 16:1 (14 times).
b. חֲמֵשֶׁת עָשָׂר Judges 8:10; 2 Samuel 19:18.
c. חֲמֵשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה 2 Kings 14:17 (9 times); ordinal 2 Kings 14:23; 2 Chronicles 15:10. — See also עֶשֶׂר 2d. 6.

6. Sixteen

a. שִׁשָּׁה עָשָׂר Exodus 26:25 (6 times); ordinal 1 Chronicles 24:14 (2 times).
b. שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה Genesis 46:18 (13 times).

7. Seventeen

a. שִׁבְעָה עָשָׂר 1 Chronicles 7:11 (2 times); ordinal Genesis 7:11 (3 times).
b. שְׁבַע עֶשְׂרֵה Genesis 37:2 (4 times); ordinal 1 Kings 22:52; 2 Kings 16:1. — See also עֶשֶׂר 3d. 8.

8. Eighteen

a. שְׁמֹנָה (שְׂמֹנַת) עָשָׂר Genesis 14:4 (10 times); ordinal 1 Chronicles 24:15; 1 Chronicles 25:25.
b. שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה Judges 3:14 (6 times); ordinal 1 Kings 15:1 (8 times).

9. Nineteen

a. תִּשְׁעָה עָשָׂר 2 Samuel 2:30; ordinal 1 Chronicles 24:16; 1 Chronicles 25:26.
b. תְּשַׁע עֶשְׂרֵה Genesis 11:25; Joshua 19:38; ordinal 2 Kings 25:8 = Jeremiah 52:12.

Usage and Syntax

These numbers usually take singular of the nouns most often used, שָׁנָה, יוֺם, חֹדֶשׁ, compare (sometimes) אִישׁ, אַמָּךְ, etc.; otherwise plural; rarely (late usage) they follow noun, which is then usually plural, e.g. Numbers 29:30; Joshua 15:51 (Priests' Code / Narrative), Ezra 8:35 (twice in verse); Esther 3:13; Esther 8:5, etc. (even שָׁנִים שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה Esther 5:14), but שָׁנָה precedes ordinal 1 Kings 6:38, שְׁנַת 1 Kings 15:1 (8 times), so יוֺם (c. ordinal) 2 Chronicles 29:17 (5 times) Esther 9; also יוֺם and (שְׁנַת) שָׁנָה both precede and following ordinal Numbers 7:72, 78; 2 Kings 8:25; 2 Kings 9:29; 2 Kings 14:23; 2 Kings 16:1; Jeremiah 32:1; 2 Kings 25:8 = Jeremiah 52:12.

¹ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

² A. B. Davidson, Hebrew Syntax (1894).

³ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

⁴ Sven Herner, Syntax der Zahlwörter im Alten Testament (1893).

⁵ Justus Olshausen, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (1861).

⁶ William Wright, Lectures on the Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages (1890).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: δέκα δώδεκα δύο τέσσαρασ τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτῃ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6240:

δέκα 86× (21.6%)

δώδεκα 75× (19.5%)

δύο 32× (7.3%)

τέσσαρασ 12× (3.0%)

τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτῃ 12× (2.8%)

ἑνδεκάτῳ 11× (2.4%)

ἕνδεκα 11× (2.7%)

πεντεκαιδεκάτῃ 11× (2.3%)

δωδεκάτῳ 9× (1.9%)

πεντεκαίδεκα 8× (2.1%)

בירח בְּיֶרַח

in the hand

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ירח

yerach

Definition

a lunation, i.e. month

Root

from a unused root of uncertain signification;

Exhaustive

from a unused root of uncertain signification; a lunation, i.e. month; month, moon.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3391

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יֶרַח

masculine noun • Root ירח • Strongs / High • Page 648

That which makes a circuit (monthly), hence the moon; a heavenly body determining times.

יֶרַח

m. / noun proper • Root ירח • Strongs / High • Page 649

1. The time of the cycle of the moon, i.e. a lunar month. 2. A proper name, the fifth son of Joktan; also the name of a tribe and region.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יֶרַח

m. denom. • Root ירח • Page 298

A month, a Hebrew lunar month. 1 K. 6: 37, 38. 8: 2. Also a country of Arabia (Gen. 10:26).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3391

I. יֶ֫רַח (approximate number of occurrences: 12) noun masculine — month.

Cognates:

• Aramaic יַרְחָא (new moon, month)
• Palmyrene ירח
• Assyrian arhu
• Sabean ורחֿ (month)
• Phoenician and Ethiopic (compare יָרֵחַ)

— יֶ֫רַח absolute 1 Kings 6:37 (4 times); construct idem Deuteronomy 21:13, 2 Kings 15:13; plural יְרָחִים Exodus 2:2 (4 times); construct יַרְחֵי Job 7:3, Job 29:2.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Month, as measure of time

• Exodus 2:2 (Elohist Source)
• Zechariah 11:8
• Job 39:2
• יַרְחֵי שָׁ֑וְא Job 7:3
• יַרְחֵי קֶדֶם Job 29:2
• Pleonastic יֶרַח יָמִים a month (of) days = a month of time Deuteronomy 21:13; 2 Kings 15:13

b. Calendar month, with name

• יֶרַח זִו 1 Kings 6:37 (2nd month)
• יֶרַח בּוּל 1 Kings 6:38 (8th month)
• יֶרַח הָאֵתָנִים 1 Kings 8:2 (7th month)
• בְּמִסְמַּר יְרָחִים Job 3:6
• גֶּרֶשׁ יְרָחִים Deuteronomy 33:14 produce of months (i.e. of various seasons)

— compare synonym חֹדֶשׁ.

Aramaic

[יְרַח] noun masculine month (Biblical Hebrew יֶרַח).

1. month
   • absolute לִירַח אֲדָר Ezra 6:15
   • plural absolute יַרְחִין Daniel 4:26

¹ Eberhard Schrader, The Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament (COT).

² W. Muss-Arnolt, Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol. 11, 1892.

³ D.H. Müller, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG).

⁴ Elohist Source.

Preposition, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: μηνὶ μῆνασ μηνῶν μῆνα

LXX Usage Statistics

H3391:

μηνὶ 4× (23.4%)

μῆνασ 3× (19.7%)

μηνῶν 2× (13.8%)

μῆνα 2× (12.8%)

בול בּ֗וּל

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בול

Bûwl

Definition

Bul, the eighth Hebrew month

Root

the same as H944 (בול) (in the sense of rain);

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H945

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בּוּל

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 226

(not used) 1. intr. to bubble, to flow, to stream forth copiously, to spring forth. 2. to sprout.

בּוּל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 227

1. rain, hence rain-month (Marcheshvan). 2. sprout, fruit, metaphorically fodder. 3. block, log, stock (of a tree).

בּוּל

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 231

To be hard, firm, thick.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בּוּל

verb • Root יבל • Page 90

I. Produce, proventus. Job 40:15. Also used for a stick or log of wood. Is. 44:19.

בּוּל

verb • Root יבל • Page 90

II. The eighth month of the Hebrews, answering to part of October and part of November. 1 K. 6:38.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H945

I. בּוּל [noun masculine] — Bul, 8th month = Marcheswan, Assyrian Araḥsamna, 1 Kings 6:38 בִּירַח בּוּל הוּא הַחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁמִינִי.

Cognates:

• Canaanitish; Phoenician ירח בל
• Palmyrene god בול (in proper name עַבְדְבּוּל, Vog¹ זַבְדְבּוּל etc.) & ירחבול (Vog¹, moon-god), which DHM² Ber. Wien. Akkadian cviii. 977 connects with Hebrew בּוּל; Bae³ Rel 87 f. (q. v.) thinks = בַּעַל, compare Thes⁴ p. 560.

¹ C. J. M. de Vogüé, Syrie Centrale, Inscriptions sémitiques, Paris, 1868-1877.

² D. H. Müller, Die Propheten in ihrer ursprünglichen Form, Vienna, 1896.

³ F. Baethgen, Beiträge zur semitischen Religionsgeschichte, Berlin, 1888.

⁴ W. Gesenius, Thesaurus Linguae Hebraeae, Leipzig, 1829-1858.

Noun proper name

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0945:

No stats available

הוא ה֚וּא

Himself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

הוא

hûwʼ

Definition

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally (instead of copula) as or are

Root

of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is היא; a primitive word, the third person pronoun singular;

Exhaustive

of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is היא; a primitive word, the third person pronoun singular; he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally (instead of copula) as or are; he, as for her, him(-self), it, the same, she (herself), such, that (...it), these, they, this, those, which (is), who.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1931

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הוּא

personal pronoun • Root הו • Strongs / High • Page 392

Personal pronoun, 3rd person singular masculine: he, it. It can also be used for emphasis (he himself), as a demonstrative (this, that), to indicate self, or to strengthen other pronouns (I myself, thou thyself).

הוּא

pronoun • Strongs / High • Page 393

Personal pronoun, 3rd person singular masculine: he, it. Can also mean 'the same', 'himself'. It is also used as a designation for God, and can include the verb 'to be'.

הוּא

aramaic personal pronoun (aramaic) • Strongs / High • Page 393

Aramaic personal pronoun of the 3rd person, he.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הוּא

chald. • Page 178

idem. behold, as for as simply. So in Syr. Dan. 2:43.

הוּא

pronoun • Page 182

1. he, and as a neuter it. In the Pentateuch, used for both genders. 2. self, same, selfsame. Is. 7:14, Ps. 44:5. 3. serves as the substantive verb 'to be' (copula). Is. 43:25. Also used as 'thou (art) the same' in 2 Sam. 7:28.

הוּא

chald. pron. • Page 182

idem (the same). Dan. 2:21.

הוּא

chald. • Page 182

see הֲוָה.

הוּא

unknown • Page 217

see הָוָה.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1931

I. הוּא masculine, הִיא feminine (approximate number of occurrences: 440) — pronoun of the 3rd person singular; he, she, it (Latin is, ea, id).

Cognates:

• Moabite הא
• Phoenician הא
• Aramaic of Zinjirli הא, הו
• Aramaic (Targum) הוּא, הִיא
• Syriac ܗܘ, ܗܝ
• Arabic هو, هي
• Ethiopic ውእቱ (weʾetū), ይእቲ (yeʾetī)
• Assyrian šû, šî

— הוּא masculine; הִיא feminine; plural masculine הֵ֫מָּה, הֵם; plural feminine הֵ֫נָּה, הֵן; variant הוּ Jeremiah 29:23 Kethibh.

In the Pentateuch, הוא is frequently of common Gender, the feminine form הִיא occurring only 11 times, namely Genesis 14:2; Genesis 20:5; Genesis 38:25, Leviticus 11:39; Leviticus 13:10, 21; Leviticus 16:31; Leviticus 20:17; Leviticus 21:9; Numbers 5:13, 14. The punctuators however pointed it הִוא as a Qr perpetuum. Outside the Pentateuch the same Qr occurs 1 Kings 17:15; Isaiah 30:33; Job 31:11.

1. Emphatic pronoun (he, she, it, they)

a. Used for emphasis or contrast

• Genesis 3:15 הוא ישׁופך ראשׁ he (αὐτὸς) shall bruise thee (opposed to אתה thou)
• Genesis 3:20 for she was the mother of all living
• Judges 14:3; Psalm 24:2; Psalm 33:9; Job 5:18; Hosea 6:1 (in causal sentences)
• Genesis 2:11 הוּא הַסֹּבֵב that is the one which encompasseth
• Genesis 14:3 הוּא יָם הַמֶּלַח that is the salt sea

b. Pointing back to subject and contrasting it

• Genesis 4:4 הבל גסהֿוא Abel, he also
• Genesis 20:5 וְהִיאגַֿםהִֿוא and she, herself also said

c. Appended alone to a verb for intentional emphasis

• Exodus 4:14 כי דבר ידבר הוא that he can speak
• 1 Samuel 22:18 ויפגע הוא בכהנים and he smote the priests
• Isaiah 7:14 הוא אֲדֹנָי

d. Joined with another subject

• Genesis 13:1 הוּא וְאִשְׁתּוֺ himself and his wife
• Genesis 14:15 הוּא וַעֲבָדָיו he and his servants

2. Resumes the subject with emphasis

a. When the predicate is a verb

• Genesis 15:4 הוּא יִירָשֶׁ֑ךָ he shall be thy heir
• Genesis 3:12 הוא נתנה לי she gave to me
• Isaiah 63:5; Psalm 68:36

b. When the predicate is a noun (acting as copula)

• Genesis 2:14 הוּא פְרָת it was the Euphrates
• Deuteronomy 4:35 יהוה הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים Yahweh, he is God
• Joshua 13:14, 33; Hosea 11:5

3. Following the predicate (minimum emphasis)

a. Simple assertion

• Genesis 12:18 כי אשׁתך הוא that she was thy wife
• Genesis 21:13 כי זרעך הוא for he is thy seed
• Genesis 31:20 כִּי בֹרֵחַ הוּא

b. After a casus pendens

• Genesis 31:16 לנו הוא it is ours
• Exodus 3:5 אַדְמַת קֹדֶשׁ הוּא it is holy ground
• Genesis 41:26 חלום פרעה אחד הוא the dream of Pharaoh is one

4. Anticipating the subject

a. Preceding the subject

• Songs 6:9 אַחַת הִיא יוֺנָתִי one is she, my dove
• Leviticus 25:11; Lamentations 1:18

b. Following interrogative or demonstrative pronouns

• 2 Samuel 7:28 אַתָּה הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים Thou art he — God
• Psalm 44:5 אתה הוא מלכי thou art he — my king
• Psalm 24:10 מִי הוּא זֶה who is he, then?
• 1 Chronicles 22:1 זֶה הֿוּא

5. Of God as "He" (the Self-Existent)

As an emphatic predicate, "I am He," the Self-consistent Ruler:

• Deuteronomy 32:39 אֲנִי אֲנִי הוּא I, I am he
• Isaiah 41:4; Isaiah 43:10, 13
• Psalm 102:28 ואתה הוא thou art he (σὺ δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς εἶ)

6. In a neuter sense (that, it)

a. Referring to a matter or action

• Joshua 2:21 כֶּן הֿוּא so be it
• Genesis 42:14 הוא אשׁר דברתי that is what I said
• Job 8:19 הן הוא משׂושׂ דרכו lo that is the joy of his way

b. Affirming existence

• 2 Kings 18:36 כִּי מִצְוַת הַמֶּלֶךְ הִיא for it was the king's command
• Jeremiah 51:6, 11

7. With the article (that, those)

Joined to a substantive defined by the article:

• Genesis 2:12 הָאָרֶץ הַהִוא that land
• Genesis 19:35 ובלילה ההוא in that night
• Genesis 21:22 בָּעֵת הַהִוא at that time
• Genesis 19:33 (anomalous בַּלַּיְלָה הוּא)

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

² MI = Mesha Inscription (Moabite Stone).

³ Wright, Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages (W SG).

⁴ Delitzsch, Assyrian Grammar (Dl).

⁵ S. R. Driver, Hebrew Tenses and 1 Samuel (Dr).

Pronoun personal third person masculine singular

LXX: αὐτὸσ ἐστιν ἐκείνῃ οὗτοσ ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H1931:

αὐτὸσ 321× (16.5%)

ἐστιν 260× (13.7%)

ἐκείνῃ 197× (10.6%)

οὗτοσ 160× (8.4%)

--- 103× (5.6%)

ἐκείνῳ 67× (3.6%)

ἐστίν 54× (2.9%)

ἐστὶν 54× (2.7%)

'' 50× (2.3%)

τοῦτο 42× (2.2%)

החדש הַחֹדֶשׁ

the New Moon

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

חדש

chôdesh

Definition

the new moon; by implication, a month

Root

from H2318 (חדש);

Exhaustive

from חדש; the new moon; by implication, a month; month(-ly), new moon.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2320

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חֹדֶשׁ

noun / masculine • Root חדש • Strongs / High • Page 462

1. The new moon, the time of the new moon, a festival. 2. A month. 3. A sword. 4. One born at the new moon.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חֹדֶשׁ

m. verbal • Root חדש • Page 216

1. the new-moon, the first day on which the moon is visible, kept as a festival. Num. 29:6. 1 Sam. 20:5. 2. a month, which the Hebrews began with the new moon. Gen. 7:11, etc.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2320

I. חֹ֫דֶשׁ (approximate number of occurrences: 282) noun masculine^{Genesis 7:11} (rarely feminine in MT Genesis 38:24 but masculine Sam Di) — (newness), new moon, month (on formation compare Lg¹; on usage, names, etc., Muss-Arn²).

— חֹ֫דֶשׁ absolute Genesis 7:11 +; construct Genesis 29:14 +; suffix חָדְשׁוֺ Numbers 28:14; חָדְשָׁהּ Hosea 2:13, Jeremiah 2:24; plural חֳדָשִׁים Genesis 38:24 +; construct חָדְשֵׁי Exodus 12:2; suffix חֳדָשָׁיו Job 14:5; חָדְשֵׁיכֶם Isaiah 1:14, Numbers 28:11; חָדְשֵׁכֶם Numbers 10:10.

1. New moon

New moon = day, time, of new moon, as religious festival:

• 1 Samuel 20:5, 18, 24, 27, 34 (Dr); compare יאֹכְלֵם חֹדֶשׁ Hosea 5:7 a new moon shall devour them (Hi St VB, but on text see We); usually parallel to שַׁבָּת Amos 8:5; 2 Kings 4:23; Isaiah 1:13 (+ קְרֹא מִקְרָא), מִדֵּי חֹדֶשׁ בְּחָדְשׁוֺ Isaiah 66:23, Ezekiel 46:1, 6 (both יוֺם הַחֹדֶשׁ), 1 Chronicles 23:31; 2 Chronicles 2:3; 2 Chronicles 8:13; 2 Chronicles 31:3; Nehemiah 10:34 (all + מוֺעֵד), Hosea 2:13; Ezekiel 45:17 (both + חג, מועד); parallel to מוֺעֵד alone Isaiah 1:14; Ezekiel 3:5; parallel to יוֺם חַגֵּנוּ Psalm 81:4; (compare ראֹשׁ הַחֹדֶשׁ Numbers 10:10; Numbers 28:11; on religious observance of new moon compare Di³ Benz⁴); as time of augury in Babylon (astrological prognostication) Isaiah 47:13.

2. Month

Month (as beginning with new moon, lunar month; compare Benz⁴, but then, without reference to day of beginning):

a. As measure of time during which

• Genesis 38:24 (Jehovist Source), Numbers 11:20–21 (Jehovist/Elohist Source), Numbers 9:22 (Priests' Code), Judges 11:37–39; Judges 20:47; 1 Samuel 6:1; 1 Samuel 27:7; 2 Samuel 2:11; 2 Samuel 5:5; 2 Samuel 6:11; 2 Samuel 24:8, 13 = 1 Chronicles 21:12; Amos 4:7; 1 Kings 4:7; 1 Kings 5:7; 1 Kings 5:28 (3 t. in verse); 1 Kings 11:16; 2 Kings 15:8; 2 Kings 23:31; 2 Kings 24:8; Ezekiel 39:12, 14; 1 Chronicles 3:4; 1 Chronicles 13:14; 2 Chronicles 36:2, 9; Esther 2:12 (3 t. in verse).
• In 1 Samuel 10:27b read probably כְּמֵחֹדֶשׁ for MT כמחרישׁ, and join to 1 Samuel 11:1, so LXX We Dr (compare Genesis 38:24).
• In combinations: חֹדֶשׁ יָמִים a month (of) time (compare יֶרַח ימים Deuteronomy 21:13; 2 Kings 15:13) Genesis 29:14 (Jehovist Source), Numbers 11:20, 21 (Jehovist/Elohist Source); חֹדֶשׁ אַרְבָּעָה יָמִים Judges 19:2.
• Of age: מִסְמַּר חֳדָשָׁיו number of his months = length of his life Job 14:5; Job 21:21; compare especially בֶּן־חֹדֶשׁ Leviticus 27:6; Numbers 3:15, 22, 28, 34, 39, 40, 43; Numbers 18:16; Numbers 26:22 (all Priests' Code).

b. Calendar months

• (1) With names: חֹדֶשׁ הָאָבִיב Exodus 13:4; Exodus 23:15; Exodus 34:18 (twice) (all Jehovist/Elohist Source; = 1st month Exodus 12:2 Priests' Code), Deuteronomy 16:1; חֹדֶשׁ זִו 1 Kings 6:1 (= 2nd mo. ib.; = יֶרַח זִו 1 Kings 6:37); compare 1 Kings 8:2 (הַחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִי = יֶרַח הָאֵתָנִים), 1 Kings 6:38 (הַחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁמִינִי = יֶרַח בּוּל). In post-exilic books occur Babylonian names: חֹדֶשׁ נִיסָן Nehemiah 2:1; Esther 3:7 (= 1st mo.); חֹדֶשׁ סִיוָן Esther 8:9 = 3rd mo.; חֹדֶשׁ כִּסְלֵו Zechariah 7:1; Nehemiah 1:1 (= 9th mo.); חֹדֶשׁ טֵבֵת Esther 2:16 = 10th mo.; חֹדֶשׁ שְׁבָט Zechariah 1:7 = 11th mo.; חֹדֶשׁ אֲדָר Esther 3:7, 13; Esther 8:12; Esther 9:1 = 12th mo., Esther 9:15, 17, 19, 21; (compare also אֱלוּל Nehemiah 6:15, without חֹדֶשׁ; this was 6th mo.; see further Schr⁵ Benz⁴).
• (2) Merely numbered (chiefly Priests' Code and late): בַּחֹדֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי Genesis 7:11, compare Genesis 8:4, 5, 14; Leviticus 16:29; Numbers 1:1, 18 + often Priests' Code; Deuteronomy 1:3, 1 Kings 12:32, 33; 2 Kings 25:1, 3, 8, 25, 27; Jeremiah 1:3 11t. Jeremiah; Ezekiel 24:1; Ezekiel 32:1; Haggai 1:1, 15; Zechariah 1:1, 7, 13; 1 Chronicles 12:15, compare entire list 1 Chronicles 27:2–15; 2 Chronicles 3:2 12t. 2 Chronicles; Ezra 3:1 10t. Ezra; Nehemiah 7:72; Nehemiah 8:2, 14; Esther 3:12; note especially הַחֹדֶשׁ הַזֶּה לָכֶם ראֹשׁ חָדָשִׁים רִאשׁוֺן הוּא לָכֶם Exodus 12:2 (Priests' Code), as implying that the 1st mo. was formerly not in the spring.
• Observe usage of omitting חֹדֶשׁ, e.g. בָּרִאשׁוֺן = בַּחֹדֶשׁ הָרִאשׁוֺן Genesis 8:13, compare Genesis 8:5; so commonly in Ezekiel: Ezekiel 1:1; Ezekiel 8:1; Ezekiel 20:1; Ezekiel 29:1, 17; Ezekiel 30:20; Ezekiel 31:1; Ezekiel 33:21; Ezekiel 45:18, 21, 25 + Ezekiel 26:1; Ezekiel 32:17; Ezekiel 45:20 (Co).
• (3) Special phrases and usages: עֹלַת חֹדֶשׁ בְּחָדְשׁוֺ לְחָדְשֵׁי שָׁנָה Numbers 28:14 (Priests' Code); מִיּוֺם לְיוֺם וּמֵחֹדֶשׁ לְחֹדֶשׁ Esther 3:7; חָדְשָׁהּ Jeremiah 2:24 of wild she-ass's mating time.

¹ Paul de Lagarde, Übersicht über die im Aramäischen, Arabischen und Hebräischen übliche Bildung der Nomina (1889) (Lg BN).

² W. Muss-Arnolt, Journal of Biblical Literature, 1892 (Muss-Arn JBL).

³ August Dillmann, Commentary on Leviticus (Di).

⁴ Immanuel Benzinger, Hebräische Archäologie (Benz).

⁵ Eberhard Schrader, Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament (Schr COT).

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: μηνὸσ μηνὶ μῆνασ μῆνα μηνόσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2320:

μηνὸσ 87× (30.5%)

μηνὶ 65× (21.1%)

μῆνασ 16× (6.4%)

μῆνα 13× (4.9%)

μηνόσ 13× (4.7%)

μὴν 10× (3.5%)

μηνιαίου 10× (3.6%)

νουμηνίασ 8× (2.4%)

--- 8× (3.3%)

μηνῶν 5× (2.1%)

השמיני הַשְּׁמִינִי

the Eighth

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שמיני

shᵉmîynîy

Definition

eight

Root

from H8083 (שמנה);

Exhaustive

from שמנה; eight; eight.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8066

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שְׁמִינִי

adjective • Root שמנה • Consonantal / Low • Page 1447

The eighth.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שְׁמִינִי

denom. from שְׁמֹנֶה • Root שמנה • Page 685

the eighth. Ex. 22: 29. fem. שְׁמִינִית octava is used in reference to music, and denotes a particular tone (not a musical instrument) Ps. 6: 1. 12: 1.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8066

I. שְׁמִינִי, שְׁמִינִית (approximate number of occurrences: 31) adjective masculine and feminine — eighth.

— בַּיּוֺם הַשְּׁמִינִי Exodus 22:29 (16 times); הַחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁמִינִי 1 Kings 6:38 (4 times); masculine noun omitted 1 Chronicles 24:10 (4 times); הַשָּׁנָה הַשְּׁמִינִית Leviticus 25:22.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Musical technical term

Phrase עַל־הַשְּׁמִינִית in titles:

• 1 Chronicles 15:21
• Psalm 6:1
• Psalm 12:1

Usually according to the eighth key, or on the octave, but wholly dubious.

Particle definite article, Adjective ordinal number both singular absolute

LXX: ὀγδόῃ ὄγδοοσ ὀγδόῳ

LXX Usage Statistics

H8066:

ὀγδόῃ 15× (52.0%)

ὄγδοοσ 6× (20.8%)

ὀγδόῳ 4× (13.9%)

כלה כָּלָה

complete one/bride/daughter-in-law

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כלה

kâlâh

Definition

to end, whether intransitive (to cease, be finished, perish) or transitived (to complete, prepare, consume)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to end, whether intransitive (to cease, be finished, perish) or transitived (to complete, prepare, consume); accomplish, cease, consume (away), determine, destroy (utterly), be (when... were) done, (be an) end (of), expire, (cause to) fail, faint, finish, fulfil, [idiom] fully, [idiom] have, leave (off), long, bring to pass, wholly reap, make clean riddance, spend, quite take away, waste.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3615

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כָּלָה

verb • Root כלה • Strongs / High • Page 755

to long for

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כָּלָה

verb • Page 316

1. To be completed, finished (Ex. 39:32, 1 K. 6:38). 2. To be over, past (Gen. 41:53, Is. 24:13). 3. To be prepared or ready, particularly regarding evil (Prov. 22:8, 1 Sam. 20:7). 4. To be consumed, to be all gone (Gen. 21:15, 1 K. 17:16). 5. To waste away, vanish, or disappear; spoken of clouds, smoke, or time (Job 7:9, Ps. 37:20, Ps. 31:11).

כָּלָה

verb • Page 317

6. to be destroyed, to perish, spoken of men (Jer. 16: 4, Ezek. 5: 13). 7. to be fulfilled, spoken of a prophecy (Ezra 1: 1, Dan. 12: 7).

כָּלָה

fem. adj. • Root כלה • Page 317

verbal from כָּלָה; languishing, failing, spoken of the eye (Deut. 28: 32).

כָּלָה

f. verbal • Root כלה • Page 317

1. destruction; עָשָׂה כָלָה to cause or make utter destruction (Jer. 4: 27, 5: 10, Nah. 1: 8). 2. as an adv. entirely, wholly, altogether (Gen. 18: 21, Ex. 11: 1).

כִּלָּה

pi. • Root כלה • Page 317

1. to complete, finish (Gen. 2: 2, 6: 16, Ex. 34: 33). 2. to prepare; i. e. devises, mischief (Prov. 16: 30). 3. to consume, let pass away, as time (Ps. 78: 33). 4. to consume, destroy; as men, nations, through hunger (Gen. 41: 30, Jer. 14: 12). 5. to fulfil (a prophecy).

כֻּלָּה

pu. • Root כלה • Page 317

to be finished, ended (Gen. 2: 1, Ps. 72: 20). Often occurs as כֻּלָּא.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3615

I. כָּלָה (approximate number of occurrences: 206) verb — be complete, at an end, finished, accomplished, spent.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Phoenician כלה
• Assyrian kalû
• Late Aramaic כְּלָא

Qal

— כָּלָה absolute 1 Kings 6:38 +; 3 feminine singular כָּֽלְתָה 1 Samuel 20:7 +; 1 singular כָּלִיתִי Psalm 39:11; 3 plural כָּלוּ Job 19:27 +; 2 masculine plural כְּלִיתֶם Malachi 3:6; וּכְלִיתֶם consecutive Ezekiel 13:14; 1 plural כָּלִינוּ Psalm 90:7 +; 3 masculine singular יִכְלֶה Proverbs 22:8; jussive יִ֫כֶל Job 33:21 (compare GKC¹); infinitive construct כְּלוֹת Ruth 2:23 +.

1. Completion and Fulfillment
   • a. be complete, at an end, of a period of time Genesis 41:53 (Elohist Source; opposed to (+ חלל) begin Genesis 41:54), Jeremiah 8:20; so of action or event Isaiah 10:25, Isaiah 24:13, Ruth 2:23.
   • b. be completed, finished, of a work: temple 1 Kings 6:38, 1 Chronicles 28:20; tabernacle Exodus 39:32 (Priests' Code).
   • c. be accomplished, fulfilled, of purposed wrath or prediction Ezekiel 5:13, Daniel 11:36, Ezra 1:1.
   • d. be ideally complete, be determined, always in bad sense, plotted 1 Samuel 20:7, 20:9, 20:33 (textual correction), 1 Samuel 25:17, Esther 7:7.
2. Exhaustion and Destruction
   • a. be spent, used up, of water Genesis 21:15 (Elohist Source), meal 1 Kings 17:14.
   • b. waste away, be exhausted, fail, of grass Isaiah 15:6; of vintage Isaiah 32:10; of vanishing cloud Job 7:9; figurative of fleeting days Job 7:6, Psalm 102:4; of flesh and heart Psalm 73:26, נפשׁ exhausted by longing Psalm 84:3, Psalm 119:81.
   • c. come to an end, vanish, perish, by judgment Isaiah 1:28, Isaiah 16:4, Jeremiah 16:4, Ezekiel 5:12, Malachi 3:6.

Pi`el

— כִּלָּה Genesis 18:33 +; suffix כִּלָּנוּ 2 Samuel 21:5; 1 singular כִּלִּיתִי Numbers 25:11; 3 plural כִּלּוּ Genesis 24:19 +; וַיְכַל Genesis 2:2; infinitive construct כַּלּוֹת 1 Samuel 2:33 +.

1. To Finish or Complete
   • a. complete, bring to an end, finish a task Exodus 5:13 (Jehovist Source), 1 Kings 6:9, Genesis 2:2, Exodus 40:33 (Priests' Code).
   • b. complete a period of time Ezekiel 4:6, Job 21:13.
   • c. finish doing a thing, usually followed by (+ ל) infinitive Genesis 18:33, Genesis 24:15 (Jehovist Source), Amos 7:2, 1 Kings 1:41.
   • d. make an end, absolute Genesis 44:12; adverbially (+ עַד־כַּלֵּה) utterly 2 Kings 13:17, Ezra 9:14.
   • e. accomplish, fulfil, wrath Lamentations 4:11, Ezekiel 5:13.
2. To Consume or Destroy
   • a. cause to cease Numbers 17:25, Psalm 78:33.
   • b. exhaust, use up, spend Deuteronomy 32:23, Isaiah 49:4; of the eyes 1 Samuel 2:33, Leviticus 26:16 (Holiness Code).
   • c. destroy, exterminate 2 Samuel 21:5, Deuteronomy 7:22, Joshua 24:20 (Elohist Source), Exodus 32:10 (JE Source), Ezekiel 22:31.

Pu`al

— 3 plural כָּלּוּ Psalm 72:20 be finished, ended; 3 masculine singular וַיְכֻלּוּ Genesis 2:1 be completed (Priests' Code).

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (Dl HWB).

³ Jacob Barth, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (Ba ZMG).

Verb Qal perfect third person masculine singular

LXX: συνετέλεσεν ὡσ συντελέσαι ἐξέλιπον συντελέσω

LXX Usage Statistics

H3615:

συνετέλεσεν 28× (11.2%)

ὡσ 15× (6.4%)

συντελέσαι 11× (4.1%)

ἐξέλιπον 11× (4.9%)

συντελέσω 6× (2.5%)

ἐξαναλῶσαι 6× (2.4%)

συνετέλεσαν 5× (1.9%)

συνετελέσθη 5× (2.0%)

ἐξέλιπεν 5× (2.3%)

συντελείασ 5× (2.3%)

הבית הַבַּיִת

the House

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

בית

bayith

Definition

a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)

Root

probably from H1129 (בנה) abbreviated;

Exhaustive

probably from בנה abbreviated; a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.); court, daughter, door, [phrase] dungeon, family, [phrase] forth of, [idiom] great as would contain, hangings, home(born), (winter) house(-hold), inside(-ward), palace, place, [phrase] prison, [phrase] steward, [phrase] tablet, temple, web, [phrase] within(-out).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1004

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בִּית

verb • Root בית • Consonantal / Medium • Page 230

To pass the night.

Matched via consonantal key only

בַּיִת

noun masculine • Root בות • Consonantal / Medium • Page 237

house in the widest sense, consequently also tent, hut, tower, palace, temple

Matched via consonantal key only

בַּיִת

noun masculine (aramaic) • Consonantal / Medium • Page 239

The same [as Hebrew 'house']; king's house; temple; treasury; banquet-house.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בַּּיִת

noun • Page 97

A city of Moab, Is. 15:2. Elsewhere written more in full as בֵּית בַּעַל מְעוֹן.

בַּיִת

noun masculine • Root בות • Page 96

1. House, dwelling (Gen. 15:3, Ecc. 2:7). 2. Tent (Gen. 33:17, 2 K. 23:7). 3. Palace, temple (Gen. 12:15, 1 Sam. 5:2, 1 K. 4:6, Is. 14:18). 4. Applied to part of a house or palace, e.g., banqueting-hall (Est. 7:8) or harem (Est. 2:3). 5. Repository, place, or container of any thing, e.g., smelling bottles (Is. 3:20), places for staves (Ex. 26:29), spider's web (Job 8:14), trench (1 K. 18:32), or tomb (Neh. 2:3). 6. The inner part, within (Ex. 28:26, Gen. 6:14). 7. Figuratively: family, kindred, tribe, people (Ex. 12:4, Gen. 7:1, Hos. 8:1). 8. Particularly posterity (Ruth 4:11, 2 Sam. 7:27). 9. Strictly one's father's house (Gen. 24:23, 46:31, Num. 1:2).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1004

I. בַּיִת (approximate number of occurrences: 2034) noun masculine Deuteronomy 8:12 — house.

Cognates:

• Phoenician בית
• MI בית
• Suffix ביתיה
• Arabic الحمد
• Aramaic בַּיְתָא
• Assyrian bītu
• COT Gloss
• Sabean בית, בת
• Fortress DHM ZMG 1883, 387
• Temple Hal 257 DHM ZMG 1876, 697
• Ethiopic ብር Palmyrene in בית עלמא, בית מקברתא sepulchre Vog 32, 64 and others

Etymology dubious; Thes √ בות, Aramaic בּוּת,ܠܐ spend the night, Arabic باب Ethiopic አርትስ but this perhaps denominative, & בית from √ לרץ with ת afform. compare Sta §187 a

— בַּיִת absolute Exodus 12:30 +; בָּיִת Genesis 33:17 +; בַּיִתָה (ָה locative) Psalm 68:7 +; construct בֵּית Genesis 12:15 +; suffix בֵּיתִי Genesis 15:2 +; בֵּיתְךָ Genesis 7:1 +, etc.; הַבַּיִתָה, בַּיִתָה (in) to the house, homeward, Genesis 19:10; Psalm 68:7 +; also בֵּיתָה (in) to the house of ...; plural בָּתִּים Exodus 1:21 + (i.e. battîm, see Nöldeke in Mei Archaeology i. 456 f., compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar §96); construct בָּתֵּי Exodus 8:17 +; suffix בָּתֶּיךָ Exodus 10:6; בָּתֵּיו 1 Chronicles 28:11; בָּתֵּינוּ Exodus 12:27 +; בָּתֵּיכֶם Genesis 42:19; בָּתֵּיהֶם Numbers 16:32 +; ( בָּתֵּימוֹ Psalm 49:12), etc.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. House as dwelling habitation

• Genesis 19:2, 3, 4, 11
• Genesis 27:15
• Genesis 33:17 (object of בָּנָה)
• Exodus 12:7 + often
• מִשְׁבַּת בָּתִּים Leviticus 25:29 (compare בַּיִת לְשִׁבְתִּיִם 2 Samuel 7:5)
• Deuteronomy 6:9
• Deuteronomy 11:20
• Joshua 2:15
• Judges 16:26 f.
• Supported by pillars 2 Samuel 11:12 etc.
• See especially temple and king's house in Jerusalem 1 Kings 5-7 etc.
• Compare Song of Solomon 1:7
• Jeremiah 22:14
• Of Ezekiel's temple Ezekiel 40 f.
• בָּתֵּי סְפוּנִים of luxurious houses Haggai 1:4
• בָּנָה בָּתִּים טוֹבִים Deuteronomy 8:12
• בָּנָה בַּיִת חָדָשׁ Deuteronomy 20:5
• Compare Deuteronomy 22:8
• Also with בָּנָה Deuteronomy 28:30 + often
• Particularly in J occasionally of tent Genesis 27:15
• Compare Genesis 33:17 (with בָּנָה; here of nomad's hut)
• Usually of solid materials, with doorposts, etc. Exodus 12:7
• Walls Leviticus 14:37, 39, of stones, timber & mortar Leviticus 14:45 (compare Leviticus 14:40; 42; 43)
• So also Joshua 2:15
• With roof on which one could walk 2 Samuel 11:12 etc.
• Of cedar בֵּית אֲרָזִים 2 Samuel 7:2, 7 = 1 Chronicles 17:1 ( בֵּית הָא 1 Chronicles 17:6)
• בֵּית הַשֶּׁנִי 1 Kings 22:39 compare Amos 3:15
• בֵּית יַעַר הַלְּבָנוֹן 1 Kings 7:2
• 2 Chronicles 9:20
• בֵּית הַיַּעַר Isaiah 22:8
• Before word of quality or characteristic, בֵּית אֵבֶל Ecclesiastes 7:2 "" בֵּית מִשְׁתֶּה Ecclesiastes 7:4 "" בֵּית שִׂמְחָה
• בֵּית מַרְזֵחַ Jeremiah 16:5
• בֵּית מִשְׁתֶּה Jeremiah 16:8
• בֵּית חֲמֻדֹּתִי Ezekiel 26:12
• בֵּית תַּעֲנוּגֵי הָהָּ Micah 2:9
• Compare בֵּית מְרִי rebellious house below 5 d below

b. House as shelter or abode of animals

• 1 Samuel 6:7, 10 compare Exodus 9:19
• בֵּית עַכָּבִישׁ spider's web Job 8:14 (compare בָּנָה כָּעָשׁ בֵּיתוֹ Job 27:18)
• צִמְּרוֹר מָצָא הָה בֵּיתוֹ Psalm 84:4 ("" קֵן)
• חֲסִידָה בְּרוֹשִׁים בֵּיתָה Psalm 104:17 (compare "" & Cheyne)
• Proverbs 30:26 (of the שְׁפַנִּים 'conies')

c. Figurative of human bodies

• בָּתֵּי חֹמֶר houses of clay Job 4:19, compare in phrase שֹׁמְרֵי הַבַּיִת keepers of the house, i.e. the arms Ecclesiastes 12:3
• See further בֵּית מְגוּרִי Psalm 119:54

d. Of Sheol

• שְׁאוֹל בֵּיתִי Job 17:13, compare בֵּית מוֹעֵד לְכָל חָי Job 30:23 ("" מָוֶת)
• בֵּית עוֹלָם Ecclesiastes 12:5 (perhaps = tomb, see Delitzsch)

e. Of abode of light & darkness

• Job 38:20

f. Of land of Ephraim as Yahweh's house

• Hosea 8:1
• Hosea 9:15 (compare בֵּית אָרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל Hosea 9:3)

g. Place

• Of Jerusalem בֵּית קִבְרוֹת אֲבֹתִי Nehemiah 2:3 ("" עִיר Nehemiah 2:5), compare also proper name compounded with בֵּית, below, & בֵּית מַמְלָכָה Amos 7:13 (predicate of Bethel)
• בֵּית נְתִיבוֹת Proverbs 8:2 i.e. where paths meet RV
• אֲבָנִים בֵּית Job 8:17
• On both these see בֵּית below [בַּיִן] p. 108

h. Receptacle

• תְּעָלָה כְּבֵּית שְׁנֵי סְאִים a trench like a receptacle of two seahs 1 Kings 18:32
• בָּתֵּי נֵפֶשׁ vials of perfume Isaiah 3:20
• Especially בָּתִּים לְבַדִּים holders for the staves, i.e. rings, טַבָּעַת ib.; so Exodus 25:27; Exodus 37:14, 27; Exodus 38:5; compare בָּתִּים לְבַרִּיחִים Exodus 26:29; Exodus 36:34 holders for the bars (all P, & all explained by טַבָּעַת)
• בֵּית לָהָה סָבִיב its [construct as Psalm 58:5] house (= enclosing cage) was round about (strike out B Hi Co) Ezekiel 1:27

i. House as containing a family, hence household, family

• יְלִידֵי בֵּיתוֹ Genesis 14:14
• Compare Genesis 17:12 (opposed to מִקְנַת כַּסְפֶּךָ) Genesis 17:13 (all "" id.) figurative of Israel Jeremiah 2:14 ("" עֶבֶד)
• Compare בֶּן בֵּיתִי Genesis 15:3
• בְּנֵי בַּיִת הָיָה לִי Ecclesiastes 2:7 (as token of wealth & prosperity)
• Of one's sister מוֹלֶדֶת בַּיִת Leviticus 18:19 ("" חוּץ בָּמָה compare below)
• אֲנָשִׁים בֵּיתוֹ Genesis 17:27
• בְּנֵי בַּיִת Genesis 36:6
• כָּל נֶפֶשׁ לְבֵית יַעֲקֹב Genesis 46:27

j. Household, family (592 times)

• Ordinary sense, those belonging to the same household Genesis 7:1
• Genesis 12:1, 17 +, Deuteronomy 6:22
• Deuteronomy 11:6 +
• Hexateuch mostly J D
• E Genesis 35:2
• Genesis 42:33
• Genesis 50:22 compare Exodus 1:21 below
• P Genesis 36:6
• Exodus 1:1
• Exodus 12:4
• Leviticus 16:6, 11, 17
• Numbers 16:32
• Numbers 18:31
• Joshua 22:15
• Even where expressly said to inhabit tents Numbers 16:32
• Deuteronomy 11:6 אֶת בָּתֵּיהֶם וְאֶת אֲהָלֵיהֶם
• Specifically בֶּן זָקֵן בָּתִּי Genesis 24:2
• Compare Genesis 50:7 (of rank & dignity in household)
• Of a family of handicraftsmen מִשְׁפְּחוֹת בֵּית עֲבֹדַת הַבּוּץ 1 Chronicles 4:21 (see בּוּץ)
• Also, with figurative of house clearly in mind בְּמִשְׁקָלַת בָּתִּי 2 Kings 21:13
• בֵּית מִשְׁפָּתַי 2 Samuel 7:27
• Compare especially with proper name, e.g. בֵּית שָׁאוּל 2 Samuel 3:1 (twice in verse)
• 2 Samuel 3:6 (twice in verse)
• 2 Samuel 3:8, 10
• 2 Samuel 9:1, 2, 3, 9
• 2 Samuel 16:5 ( בֵּית שָׁאוּל בְּמִשְׁפָּחַת בָּתִּי )
• 2 Samuel 16:8
• 2 Samuel 19:18 (compare 2 Samuel 21:1 where read וְאֵל בֵּית דָּמִים so We Dr)
• 1 Chronicles 12:29
• בֵּית דָּוִד 2 Samuel 3:1, 6
• 2 Samuel 7:26 = 1 Chronicles 17:24 (compare context in both)
• 1 Kings 12:19 2 Chronicles 10:19, 20
• 2 Chronicles 10:26
• 2 Kings 17:21
• Isaiah 7:2, 13
• Jeremiah 21:12
• Zechariah 12:7, 8, 10, 12 ( בֵּית דָּוִד בְּמִשְׁפָּחַת בָּתִּי )
• Psalm 122:5
• יַרְבְּעָם בָּתִּי 1 Kings 13:34
• 1 Kings 14:10 (twice in verse)
• 1 Kings 14:13, 14
• 1 Kings 15:29
• 1 Kings 16:3
• 1 Kings 21:22
• 2 Kings 9:9
• 2 Kings 10:10, 11
• 2 Kings 21:13
• Micah 6:16
• 2 Chronicles 21:6
• 2 Chronicles 21:13
• 2 Chronicles 22:3
• 2 Chronicles 22:4
• 2 Chronicles 22:7
• 2 Chronicles 22:8
• Etc.

k. Especially of Hebrew people & subdivisions

• בֵּית יִשְׂחָק Amos 7:16
• עָשָׂו בָּתִּי Obadiah 1:18 (twice in verse)
• בֵּית יַעֲקֹב Genesis 46:27 (P) Exodus 19:3 (E) Amos 3:13
• Amos 9:8
• Micah 2:7
• Obadiah 1:17, 18
• Isaiah 8:17
• Isaiah 10:20
• Isaiah 14:1
• Isaiah 29:22
• Isaiah 46:3
• Isaiah 48:1
• Isaiah 58:1
• Jeremiah 2:4, 26 17 times Jeremiah
• Ezekiel 3:1, 4, 5, 7 (twice in verse) 75 times Ezekiel
• Also בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל וִיהוָה Ezekiel 9:9 + Ezekiel 25:8 Co
• יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּזֶרַע בָּתִּי Jeremiah 23:8
• Ezekiel 44:22 (Co strike out בֵּית)
• שְׁנֵי בָּתֵּי יִשְׂרָאֵל Isaiah 8:14
• בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּזֶרַע בָּתִּי Ezekiel 20:5 (strike out Co)
• Most frequently בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל (Vrss & variant reading sometimes בֶּן see בֶּן) Hexateuch Exodus 16:31
• Exodus 40:38
• Leviticus 10:6
• Numbers 20:29 (all P)
• Leviticus 17:3, 8, 10
• Leviticus 22:18 (H)
• Joshua 21:43 (D)
• 1 Samuel 7:2 8 times Samuel Kings
• Hosea 1:4, 6
• Hosea 5:1
• Hosea 6:10
• Hosea 12:1
• 7 times Amos
• Micah 1:5
• Micah 3:1, 9
• Isaiah 5:7
• Isaiah 14:2
• Also Isaiah 46:3
• Isaiah 63:7
• Zechariah 8:13
• But especially Jeremiah 2:4, 26 17 times Jeremiah
• Ezekiel 3:1, 4, 5, 7 (twice in verse) 75 times Ezekiel
• Also בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל וִיהוָה Ezekiel 9:9 + Ezekiel 25:8 Co
• בֵּית מְרִי rebellious house (of Israel) Ezekiel 2:5, 6
• Ezekiel 3:9, 26, 27
• Ezekiel 12:2, 3
• & הַמְּרִי בָּתִּי Ezekiel 2:8
• Ezekiel 12:2, 9, 25
• Ezekiel 17:12
• Ezekiel 24:3 [+ Ezekiel 44:6 Co]
• בֵּית יְהוּדָה 2 Samuel 2:4, 7, 10, 11
• 1 Kings 12:21 2 Chronicles 11:1
• 2 Kings 19:30 = Isaiah 37:31
• Isaiah 22:21
• Hosea 1:7
• Hosea 5:12, 14
• Zephaniah 2:7
• Zechariah 8:13, 15, 19
• Zechariah 10:3, 6
• Zechariah 12:4
• & especially Jeremiah 3:18 9 times Jeremiah
• Ezekiel 4:6 4 times Ezekiel + Ezekiel 9:9 above
• Also יְהוּדָה וּבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בָּתִּי 1 Kings 12:23
• מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה בָּתִּי Jeremiah 21:11
• Jeremiah 22:6
• יֹסֵף בָּתִּי Genesis 50:8
• Joshua 17:17
• Joshua 18:5 (all J E)
• Judges 1:22, 23, 35
• 2 Samuel 19:21
• 1 Kings 11:28
• Amos 5:6
• Obadiah 1:18
• Zechariah 10:6
• אֶפְרַיִם בָּתִּי Judges 10:9
• בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בָּתִּי 2 Samuel 3:19 compare 1 Kings 12:23 above
• לֵוִי בָּתִּי Exodus 2:1 (E) Numbers 17:23 (P) Zechariah 12:13 ( בֵּית לֵוִי בְּמִשְׁפָּחַת בָּתִּי )
• Psalm 135:20
• אַהֲרֹן בָּתִּי Psalm 115:10
• Psalm 115:12
• Psalm 118:3
• Psalm 135:19

l. Technically, yet with some looseness of usage, בֵּית אָב father's house, of family or clan, plural בָּתֵּי אָבוֹת father-houses, families (e.g. Numbers 1:2) (79 times; only P & Chronicles)

• Exodus 6:14
• Exodus 12:3
• Numbers 1:2, 4, 18 41 times Numbers
• Joshua 22:14 (twice in verse)
• 1 Chronicles 4:38
• 1 Chronicles 5:13 25 times Chronicles
• Ezra 2:59
• Ezra 10:16
• Nehemiah 7:61
• Nehemiah 10:35
• = tribe Numbers 17:17 (twice in verse)
• Numbers 17:18
• Numbers 17:21
• = main division of tribe Numbers 3:20, 24 +, compare Numbers 34:14 (twice in verse) etc.
• Further sub-division Exodus 12:3
• 1 Chronicles 7:2, 7 +
• Compare especially 1 Chronicles 23:11 Jeush and Beriah had not many sons, therefore they became לְבֵית אָב לְפִקֻּדָּה אַחַת (compare רָאשֵׁי אָבוֹת, below אָב)

m. House, including household affairs, persons, property, etc.

• וַיִּפְקְדֵהוּ עַל בֵּיתוֹ Genesis 39:4 compare Genesis 39:5
• אֲשֶׁר עַל בֵּיתוֹ Genesis 44:1, 4
• Hence אִישׁ עַל הַבַּיִת as title of governor of the palace (Ewald H iii. 269) Isaiah 22:15
• Isaiah 36:3 compare 1 Kings 4:6
• 2 Kings 15:5
• In Israel 1 Kings 16:9
• 1 Kings 18:3
• 2 Kings 10:5
• Further 2 Samuel 17:23
• 2 Kings 20:1 = Isaiah 38:1
• Hence of personal property 1 Kings 13:8 אִם תִּתֶּן לִי אֶת חֲצִי בֵּיתֶךָ
• Family and property (everything on which one depends) Job 8:15

n. בַּיִתָה, בָּיְתָה, literally housewards, hence metaphor inwards

• Exodus 28:26 = Exodus 39:19 (that is, of the ephod)
• 1 Kings 7:25 2 Chronicles 4:4 (that is, of the circle of oxen supporting the molten sea)
• 2 Samuel 5:9 מִן הַמִּלּוֹא וָבָיְתָה from the Millo and inward
• Ezekiel 44:17

o. מִבַּיִת a. adverb on the inside (of a building, chest, etc.: opposed to מִחוּץ)

• Genesis 6:14
• Exodus 25:11 = Exodus 37:2
• Leviticus 14:41
• 1 Kings 6:15, 16
• 2 Kings 6:30 (of a person's clothes)
• Ezekiel 7:15
• So with ה locative מִבַּיִתָה 1 Kings 6:15

p. מִבַּיִת לְ (construct Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar §130, 1 n.) preposition within (opposed to מִחוּץ לְ)

• מִבַּיִת לַמִּשְׁכָּן within the veil Exodus 26:33
• Leviticus 16:2, 12
• Numbers 18:7 לְכָל דְּבַר הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וּלְמִבַּיִת לַמִּשְׁכָּן for everything of the altar, and for (that) within the veil
• 1 Kings 7:8, 31
• (read לְכַתְּפֹת; see VB & Stade ZAW 1883, 165)
• אֵלִים מִבַּיִת לְ (after a verb of motion) in within Leviticus 16:15
• 2 Kings 11:15 2 Chronicles 23:14

Note. — בית perhaps occurs abbreviated into ב in proper name בְּעֶשְׁתְּרוֹת q. v. so Thes and others; compare also Aramaic בּא = בית in like usage Lag Armen. Stud. §339; Se i. 51; GGA 1884, 276. בֵּית הַגָּן proper name, of a location? א5 Βαιθαν (Βαιθαγαν), א5 L Βαιθωρων, 2 Kings 9:27; modern Jenîn? see גַּן, below גָּן, and עֵין גַּנִּים; compare Stade Gesch i. 542. כְּלוּא Kt, כְּלִיאָה Qr noun [masculine] id.; — בֵּית הַכֶּלֶא Jeremiah 37:4; Jeremiah 52:31 (see כֶּלֶא above)

II. [בַּיִת] noun [feminine] suffix בֵּיתֶּךְ Ezekiel 16:36 where context favours meaning lust, harlotry.

III. בַּיִת 44 noun masculine Ezra 6:7 house (Biblical Hebrew בַּיִת); — emphatic בֵּיתָא Ezra 5:3 +, תָּא - Ezra 5:12; Ezra 6:15; construct בֵּית( Ezra 4:24; Ezra 5:2 +; suffix בֵּיתִי Daniel 4:1 (Baer n., compare M §76 c; van d. H. Gi בֵּיתִי), בֵּיתָה Daniel 2:17 +; plural suffix בָּתֵּיכוֹן Daniel 2:5; — 1 house, of men: Ezra 6:11 (twice in verse); Daniel 2:5,17; Daniel 3:29; Daniel 6:11; of king Ezra 6:4; Daniel 4:4, מִשְׁתְּיָא בֵּית Daniel 5:10, גִּנְזַיָּא דִּי מַלְכָּא בֵּית Ezra 5:17, compare Ezra 7:20 = בֵּית סִפְרַיָּא וְגִנְזַיָּא בֵּית Ezra 6:1; מַלְכִין בֵּית Ezra 4:30 royal residence (of Babylonian). 2 house of God, temple at Jerusalem Daniel 5:3,23; Ezra 4:24 28 times Ezra.

¹ K. Albrecht

² M. Lidzbarski 322

³ D. H. Müller

⁴ Nöldeke in Mei Archaeology i. 456 f.

⁵ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar §96

⁶ J

⁷ Driver Sm 29, n. 2

⁸ Vog 32, 64

⁹ DHM ZMG 1883, 387

¹⁰ Hal 257 DHM ZMG 1876, 697

¹¹ Palmyrene in בית עלמא, בית מקברתא sepulchre Vog 32, 64 and others

¹² Thes √ בות, Aramaic בּוּת,ܠܐ spend the night, Arabic باب Ethiopic አርትስ but this perhaps denominative, & בית from √ לרץ with ת afform. compare Sta §187 a

¹³ Ew H iii.718 & Klo

¹⁴ VB & Sta ZAW 1883, 165

¹⁵ We Dr

¹⁶ Co

¹⁷ Hi Co

¹⁸ B Hi Co

¹⁹ Lag Armen. Stud. §339; Se i. 51; GGA 1884, 276

²⁰ Wetzst Hauran 110 Kampffmeyer ZPV xv (1892). 111

²¹ Stade Gesch i. 542

²² Baer n., compare M §76 c; van d. H. Gi

²³ [] Indicates that the form enclosed is not actually found (assumed/reconstructed) or that the Hebrew offers no positive proof (gender).

²⁴ † Hapax Legomenon (occurs only once in Scripture).

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: οἶκον οἴκου οἴκῳ οἶκοσ pεἰσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1004b:

οἶκον 503× (20.8%)

οἴκου 413× (18.3%)

οἴκῳ 323× (12.8%)

οἶκοσ 163× (7.1%)

pεἰσ 92× (4.6%)

οἴκουσ 89× (3.7%)

οἰκίαν 75× (3.1%)

pἐν 70× (3.4%)

--- 57× (2.8%)

'' 54× (2.3%)

לכל לְכָל־

to all

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כל

kôl

Definition

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

Root

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from H3634 (כלל);

Exhaustive

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from כלל; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense); (in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3605

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כֹּל

noun / masculine • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 695

Properly 'all, whole, totality'. 1. Used adjectivally to mean 'all' or 'the whole of', as in 'all the earth'. 2. Describes a plurality of individual persons or things, translated as 'all'.

כֹּל

substantive / adverb • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 696

A substantive meaning all, the whole, every, any. When used with a negative, it means none at all. It can also function as an adverb meaning wholly or altogether.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כֹּל

chald. • Page 316

Same as Hebrew (all, every). Often appears with Makkeph as -כֹּל. References: Dan. 2:40, 4:9, 18, 25.

כֹּל

m. verbal • Root כלל • Page 315

A substantive meaning 'all', 'the whole', or 'totality'. Frequently used as an adjective (Jer. 33:8). 1. all. 2. every one.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3605

I. כֹּל (approximate number of occurrences: 5415) noun masculine — the whole, all (once כּוֹל Jeremiah 33:8 Kt.).

Cognates:

• Moabite, Phoenician id.
• Aramaic כּוּל, כֹּל
• Arabic كل
• Sabean כל (compare DHM¹)
• Ethiopic ኩሉ
• Assyrian kullatu

— כֹּל absolute; construct כֹּל Genesis 2:5, Genesis 2:16, Genesis 2:20; כֹּל־ Psalm 138:2; more usually כָּל־ (with makkaph: without it, Psalm 35:10; Proverbs 19:7; Kö²); suffix 2 masculine singular in pause כֻּלָּךְ Micah 2:12; 2 feminine singular כֻּלֵּךְ Isaiah 14:29, Isaiah 14:31, כֻּלָּךְ Isaiah 22:1; Song of Solomon 4:7; 3 masculine singular כֻּלֹּה 2 Samuel 2:9 (Dr³) + 17 times, כֻּלּוֹ Genesis 25:25 + 16 times; 3 feminine singular כֻּלָּהּ Genesis 13:10 + 15 times, כֻּלָּא Ezekiel 36:5; 1 plural כֻּלָּנוּ (16 times); 2 plural כֻּלְּכֶם (18 times); 3 masculine plural כֻּלָּם (often), כּוּלָּם Jeremiah 31:34, כֻּלָּ֑הַם 2 Samuel 23:6 (and Jeremiah 15:10 כֻּלְּהֶם); 3 feminine plural כֻּלָּ֫נָה Genesis 42:36; Proverbs 31:29; כֻּלָּֽהְנָה 1 Kings 7:37.

1. With following Genitive

a. The whole of, all, every

• Genesis 2:2 כָּל־צְבָאָם (the whole of their host)
• Genesis 2:13 כָּל־אֶרֶץ כּוּשׁ (the whole of the land of Kush)
• כָּל־הַלַּיְלָה (the whole of the night)
• כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל (the whole of Israel)
• Deuteronomy 4:29 בְּכָל־לְבָֽבְךָ (with all thy heart)
• With plural nouns: Genesis 5:5 כל־ימי אדם (all the days of Adam); Genesis 37:35 כל־בניו (all his sons); Isaiah 2:2 כל־הגוים (all the nations); Genesis 43:9 כל הימים (continually)
• In poetry, noun may be undetermined: כָּל־יָדַיִם (every hand) Isaiah 13:7; Jeremiah 48:37; Ezekiel 21:12; כל־פנים (every face) Isaiah 25:8

b. Followed by singular, understood collectively

• Genesis 1:21 את כל נפשׁ החיה (every living soul)
• Genesis 2:9 כל עץ נחמד (every kind of tree)
• Genesis 6:12 כָּל־בָּשָׂר (all flesh)
• Numbers 12:3; Judges 16:17 כל האדם (the whole of mankind)
• Exodus 1:22 כל־הבן (all the sons)
• In late Hebrew: בְּכָל־דּוֹר וָדוֹר Psalm 45:18; Esther 9:28; בכל־עיר ועיר 2 Chronicles 11:12

c. Genitive as a relative sentence

• Introduced by אשׁר: Genesis 1:31 את כל אשׁר עשׂה (all that he had made); Joshua 1:7 בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר תֵּלֵךְ (wheresoever thou goest)
• Rarely with ellipse of relative: Genesis 39:4 וְכָל־יֶשׁ־לוֹ; Psalm 71:18 לְכָל־יָבוֹא

d. Idiomatic use with suffixes

• Placing suffix after the word qualified: 2 Samuel 2:9 יִשְׂרָאֵל כֻּלֹּה (Israel, all of it); Isaiah 14:29 פלשׁת כלך (Philistia, all of thee!)
• Suffix of 3ms used for the mass: Exodus 14:7 עַל־כֻּלּוֹ (upon all of them); Psalm 29:9 כֻּלּוֹ אֹמֵר כָּבוֹד (every one says, Glory!)

e. Affirming or denying of an entire class (any/none)

• Comparative: Genesis 3:1 מכל חית השׂדה (than any beast of the field)
• With negative (none): Exodus 12:16 כל־מלאכה לא יעשׂה (no work shall be done); Psalm 143:2 כי לא־יצדק לפניך כל־חי (for no living thing is righteous before thee)

f. Anomalous gender

feminine very anomalously, severed from its Genitive: 2 Samuel 1:9 כִּי־כָל־עוֹד נַפְשִׁי בִי; Job 27:3; Hosea 14:3 כָּל־תִּשָּׂא עָוֺן.

2. Absolutely

a. Without the article (all things, all)

• Genesis 9:3 את כֹּל; Genesis 16:12 וְיַד כֹּל בּוֹ; Numbers 11:6 אֵין כֹּל (there is nothing)
• Isaiah 44:24 עשֶֹׁה כֹּל (maker of all things); Proverbs 16:4
• As Comprehensive Genitive: Ezekiel 44:30 כָּל־בִּכּוּרֵי כֹל

b. With article (הַכֹּל)

• Referring to things just mentioned: Exodus 29:24 ושׂמת הַכֹּל; Leviticus 1:9; 1 Samuel 30:19 הַכֹּל השׁיב דוד
• In wider sense (the universe, to pan): Jeremiah 10:16 כי יוצר הַכֹּל הוא; Psalm 103:19
• In Ecclesiastes (often): Ecclesiastes 1:2; Ecclesiastes 12:8 הַכֹּל הֶבֶל

Aramaic

I. כֹּל, כָּל־ noun masculine the whole, all (Biblical Hebrew כֹּל).

1. The whole of, all
   • כֹּל חַכִּימֵי בָבֶל Daniel 2:12
   • כל־מלכותא Daniel 6:4
   • suffix 3 masculine plural כָּלְּהוֹן Daniel 2:38; Daniel 7:19
2. With a singular noun, understood collectively (every, any, none)
   • Daniel 3:29 דִּי כָל־עַם (that every people)
   • Daniel 6:8 מִן־כָּל־אֱלָה (of any god)
   • Daniel 2:10 כל־מלך... לא (no king)
   • כָּל־דִּי (whoever/whatever) Daniel 6:8; Ezra 7:23
3. Emphatic כֹּלָּא (absolutely, all things)
   • Daniel 2:40 חָשֵׁל כֹּלָּא (crushing all things)
   • Daniel 4:9, Daniel 4:18 וּמָזוֹן לְכֹלָּא־בֵהּ
   • Daniel 4:25 כֹּלָּא מְטָא (all came upon...)

¹ David Heinrich Müller, Epigraphische Denkmäler aus Arabien (1889).

² Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881-1897).

³ S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel (1890).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

Preposition, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: πάντα πᾶσ πάντεσ πᾶν πάντασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3605:

πάντα 921× (17.0%)

πᾶσ 451× (8.4%)

πάντεσ 441× (8.4%)

πᾶν 351× (6.5%)

πάντασ 297× (5.6%)

πᾶσαν 267× (4.9%)

πάντων 242× (4.4%)

πάσασ 230× (4.4%)

--- 227× (4.5%)

πᾶσα 214× (4.0%)

דבריו דְּבָרָיו

of the word

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

דבר

dâbâr

Definition

a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause

Root

from H1696 (דבר);

Exhaustive

from דבר; a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause; act, advice, affair, answer, [idiom] any such (thing), because of, book, business, care, case, cause, certain rate, [phrase] chronicles, commandment, [idiom] commune(-ication), [phrase] concern(-ing), [phrase] confer, counsel, [phrase] dearth, decree, deed, [idiom] disease, due, duty, effect, [phrase] eloquent, errand, (evil favoured-) ness, [phrase] glory, [phrase] harm, hurt, [phrase] iniquity, [phrase] judgment, language, [phrase] lying, manner, matter, message, (no) thing, oracle, [idiom] ought, [idiom] parts, [phrase] pertaining, [phrase] please, portion, [phrase] power, promise, provision, purpose, question, rate, reason, report, request, [idiom] (as hast) said, sake, saying, sentence, [phrase] sign, [phrase] so, some (uncleanness), somewhat to say, [phrase] song, speech, [idiom] spoken, talk, task, [phrase] that, [idiom] there done, thing (concerning), thought, [phrase] thus, tidings, what(-soever), [phrase] wherewith, which, word, work.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1697

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

דָּבָר

noun masculine • Root דבר • Strongs / High • Page 351

A word, a saying, a speech, a matter, a thing. Derived from דָּבַר I (to speak).

דָּבָר

noun • Root דבר • Strongs / High • Page 352

A word; speech, discourse, saying, oracle; command, precept, law, regulation; an inquiry, account, answer; utterance of God, revelation, oracle; decree, plan, proposal; report, news; a thing, matter, object of discourse; occurrence, action, history, affairs; relation, reference, way; cause, suit at law, ground.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

דָּבַר

verb • Page 154

To speak; used in various idioms: 3. to speak with one's self or meditate (Gen. 24:45). 4. to speak or promise good concerning any one (Num. 10:29). 5. to speak kindly with any one (2 K. 25:28). 6. to speak kindly or peaceably (Ps. 28:3). 7. to pass sentence against (2 K. 25:6). Sense 2: to destroy (2 Chr. 22:10), derived from 'to drive away'. Includes Niph. (to speak together, Mal. 3:16), Hiph. (to subdue, Ps. 18:48), and Hithpa. (2 Sam. 14:13).

דֶּבֶר

m. plur. דְּבָרִים • Root דבר • Page 155

Pestilence. (Ex. 9:3, Lev. 26:25, Deut. 28:21, Hos. 13:14). Ideas of death and pestilence are often expressed by the same word.

דֹּבֶר

noun masculine • Root דבר • Page 155

A fold, pasture. (Mic. 2:12, Is. 5:17). Comparable to Syriac and Arabic terms for a field.

דָּבַר

verb • Root דבר • Page 153

1. Probably as its primary signification, to lead, to drive. Hence the derivatives דָּבָר, דִּבְרָה, מִדְבָּר. 2. To put in order, to arrange, connect; and hence to connect words, to speak. In Kal found in the participle דֹּבֵר and the infinitive דַּבֵּר (Ps. 51:6). Much more common in Pi. דִּבֶּר (fut. יְדַבֵּר) meaning to speak, loquor (different from אָמַר to say). Covers various grammatical constructions including speaking to (preceded by אֶל, לְ, or עִם), speaking of (preceded by אֶת or עַל), and speaking against (preceded by בְּ or אֶל). Also used to mean 'to promise' (Deut. 19:8).

דָּבָר

noun masculine • Root דבר • Page 154

1. word, speech (Ex. 4:10); denotes a command (Est. 1:19), promise (1 K. 2:4), sentiment/doctrine (Ecc. 1:1), oracle/revelation (Jer. 1:4), or historical words/chronicles (1 K. 11:41). 2. matter, thing (Ecc. 7:8); equivalent to Aramaic מִלָּא and Arabic אמר.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1697

I. דָּבָר (approximate number of occurrences: 1439) noun masculine — speech, word.

— דָּבָר absolute Genesis 18:14 (446 times); construct דְּבַר Genesis 12:17 (361 times); suffix דְּבָרִי Numbers 11:23 + (suffixes 66 times); singular in all 875 times; plural דְּבָרִים Exodus 4:10 (182 times); construct דִּבְרֵי Genesis 24:30 (253 times); suffix דְּבָרָיו Genesis 37:8 (suffixes 127 times); plural in all 564 times.

I. Singular: speech, discourse, saying, word

As the sum of that which is spoken:

1. Of men

• a. Discreet in speech: נְבוֺן דָּבָר 1 Samuel 16:18; שְׂפָתַיִם ד׳ speech of lips Psalm 59:13, mere talk Isaiah 36:5 (= 2 Kings 18:20) Proverbs 14:23; דָּבָר מָר bitter speech Psalm 64:4; כָּזָב ד׳ lying speech Proverbs 30:8; דְּבָֽרְךָ טוֺב thy saying is good 1 Samuel 9:10; וּדְבַר אַבְנֵר הָיָה עִם and the speech of Abner had been with the elders 2 Samuel 3:17.
• b. Word of command: ד׳ (הַ)מֶּלֶךְ 1 Chronicles 21:4, 6; Esther 1:12; Ecclesiastes 8:4; מַלְכוּת ד׳ royal edict Esther 1:19; כדבר עשׂה do according to command Genesis 44:2; Exodus 32:28 (Jehovist Source); Leviticus 10:7 (Priests' Code / Narrative).
• c. Message, report, tidings: הַדָּבָר הָרָע הַזֶּה this evil report Exodus 33:4 (Jehovist-Elohist Source); הֵשִׁיב דָּבָר bring word, report, answer Genesis 37:14; Numbers 13:26; 1 Samuel 17:30; Proverbs 18:13; Isaiah 41:28.
• d. Advice, counsel: בְּדְבַר בִּלְעָם by advice of Balaam Numbers 31:16 (Priests' Code / Narrative); Judges 20:7; 2 Samuel 19:44.
• e. Request: 2 Samuel 14:15, 22.
• f. Promise: לֹא יַחֵל דְּבָרוֹ he shall not break his word Numbers 30:3 (Priests' Code / Narrative); הֵקִים דָּבָר perform a promise Nehemiah 5:13.
• g. Charge, complaint: Deuteronomy 22:20; שִׂים דָּבָר בְּ 1 Samuel 22:15.
• h. Decision, sentence: דְּבַר הַמִּשְׁפָּט Deuteronomy 17:9–11.
• i. Theme, story: דָּבָר טוֹב good theme Psalm 45:2; דִּבְרֵי גְבוּרוֹת Job 41:4.

2. Word of God

As a divine communication in commandments, prophecy, and help (394 times):

• a. Communication: וַיְהִי דְבַר י׳ אֶל word of Yahweh came unto 1 Samuel 15:10; 2 Samuel 7:4; 1 Kings 17:2; Jeremiah 1:4; Ezekiel 3:16. God sends his word (שׁלח) Psalm 107:20; Isaiah 9:7.
• b. Confirmation: Yahweh confirms his word of promise Deuteronomy 9:5; 1 Kings 2:4. His word is settled in heaven Psalm 119:89. It is a lamp to the feet Psalm 119:105.

II. Saying, utterance, sentence

As a section of a discourse:

1. Of men

• a. דָּבָר בְּעִתּוֹ a word in due season Proverbs 15:23. דִּבְרֵי חֲכָמִים sentences of the wise Proverbs 1:6; Ecclesiastes 12:11.
• b. Title of writings: דִּבְרֵי קֹהֶלֶת Ecclesiastes 1:1; ד׳ יִרְמְיָהוּ Jeremiah 1:1; Amos 1:1.
• c. Records: ד׳ הַחֹזִים 2 Chronicles 33:18; 1 Chronicles 29:29.

2. Of God

• עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדְּבָרִים the ten words (commandments) Exodus 34:28 (Jehovist Source); Deuteronomy 4:13. Words of the covenant code Exodus 24:3; Deuteronomic code Deuteronomy 17:19.

III. A word, words

1. Of men: אִישׁ דְּבָרִים man of words (eloquent) Exodus 4:10; דִּבְרֵי רוּחַ words of wind Job 16:3.
2. Of God: Numbers 12:6; 1 Samuel 15:1; Amos 8:11.

IV. Matter, affair

1. Business, occupation

• דְּבַר הַמֶּלֶךְ king's business 1 Samuel 21:9; דְּבַר־יוֹם בְּיוֹמוֹ daily duty or portion Exodus 5:13; 1 Kings 8:59.

2. Acts (historical records)

• דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים chronicles (daily record) 1 Kings 14:29; דְּבָרָיו his acts 2 Chronicles 13:22.

3. Matter, affair (specific case)

• דְּבַר אוּרִיָּה affair of Uriah 1 Kings 15:5; שֹׁרֶשׁ דָּבָר root of the matter Job 19:28.

4. Events, things

• אַחַר הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה after these things Genesis 15:1; Genesis 22:1 (Elohist Source).

5. Case (judicial)

• בַּעַל דְּבָרִים one having a case Exodus 24:14; דְּבָרֶיךָ טוֹבִים pleas, good 2 Samuel 15:3.

6. Something, anything

• עָשָׂה דָּבָר Genesis 22:16; לֹא... דָּבָר nothing 1 Kings 5:7; עֶרְוַת דָּבָר unseemly thing Deuteronomy 23:15.

7. Way, manner

• זֶה דְּבַר הַשְּׁמִטָּה Deuteronomy 15:2; כַּדָּבָר הַזֶּה after this manner Genesis 18:25; 2 Samuel 15:6.

8. Reason, cause

• זֶּה דְבַר־הַמַּס 1 Kings 9:15; עַל דְּבַר because of Genesis 20:11; Psalm 79:9.

¹ SI: Likely Silberman, or reference to a specific grammatical work.

² Dr^Sm: S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text and the Topography of the Books of Samuel (1890).

³ Dr^Intr: S. R. Driver, An Introduction to the Literature of the Old Testament (1891).

⁴ ᵐ5: Septuagint; ᵑ6: Syriac Peshitta.

Noun common masculine plural construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: ῥῆμα λόγουσ λόγοσ λόγον λόγων

LXX Usage Statistics

H1697:

ῥῆμα 224× (14.7%)

λόγουσ 198× (13.0%)

λόγοσ 184× (13.3%)

λόγον 153× (10.6%)

λόγων 120× (8.3%)

ῥήματα 80× (5.1%)

λόγοι 63× (4.3%)

'' 51× (3.3%)

λόγοισ 30× (1.9%)

--- 30× (2.3%)

ולכל וּלְכָל־

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כל

kôl

Definition

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

Root

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from H3634 (כלל);

Exhaustive

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from כלל; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense); (in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3605

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כֹּל

noun / masculine • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 695

Properly 'all, whole, totality'. 1. Used adjectivally to mean 'all' or 'the whole of', as in 'all the earth'. 2. Describes a plurality of individual persons or things, translated as 'all'.

כֹּל

substantive / adverb • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 696

A substantive meaning all, the whole, every, any. When used with a negative, it means none at all. It can also function as an adverb meaning wholly or altogether.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כֹּל

chald. • Page 316

Same as Hebrew (all, every). Often appears with Makkeph as -כֹּל. References: Dan. 2:40, 4:9, 18, 25.

כֹּל

m. verbal • Root כלל • Page 315

A substantive meaning 'all', 'the whole', or 'totality'. Frequently used as an adjective (Jer. 33:8). 1. all. 2. every one.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3605

I. כֹּל (approximate number of occurrences: 5415) noun masculine — the whole, all (once כּוֹל Jeremiah 33:8 Kt.).

Cognates:

• Moabite, Phoenician id.
• Aramaic כּוּל, כֹּל
• Arabic كل
• Sabean כל (compare DHM¹)
• Ethiopic ኩሉ
• Assyrian kullatu

— כֹּל absolute; construct כֹּל Genesis 2:5, Genesis 2:16, Genesis 2:20; כֹּל־ Psalm 138:2; more usually כָּל־ (with makkaph: without it, Psalm 35:10; Proverbs 19:7; Kö²); suffix 2 masculine singular in pause כֻּלָּךְ Micah 2:12; 2 feminine singular כֻּלֵּךְ Isaiah 14:29, Isaiah 14:31, כֻּלָּךְ Isaiah 22:1; Song of Solomon 4:7; 3 masculine singular כֻּלֹּה 2 Samuel 2:9 (Dr³) + 17 times, כֻּלּוֹ Genesis 25:25 + 16 times; 3 feminine singular כֻּלָּהּ Genesis 13:10 + 15 times, כֻּלָּא Ezekiel 36:5; 1 plural כֻּלָּנוּ (16 times); 2 plural כֻּלְּכֶם (18 times); 3 masculine plural כֻּלָּם (often), כּוּלָּם Jeremiah 31:34, כֻּלָּ֑הַם 2 Samuel 23:6 (and Jeremiah 15:10 כֻּלְּהֶם); 3 feminine plural כֻּלָּ֫נָה Genesis 42:36; Proverbs 31:29; כֻּלָּֽהְנָה 1 Kings 7:37.

1. With following Genitive

a. The whole of, all, every

• Genesis 2:2 כָּל־צְבָאָם (the whole of their host)
• Genesis 2:13 כָּל־אֶרֶץ כּוּשׁ (the whole of the land of Kush)
• כָּל־הַלַּיְלָה (the whole of the night)
• כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל (the whole of Israel)
• Deuteronomy 4:29 בְּכָל־לְבָֽבְךָ (with all thy heart)
• With plural nouns: Genesis 5:5 כל־ימי אדם (all the days of Adam); Genesis 37:35 כל־בניו (all his sons); Isaiah 2:2 כל־הגוים (all the nations); Genesis 43:9 כל הימים (continually)
• In poetry, noun may be undetermined: כָּל־יָדַיִם (every hand) Isaiah 13:7; Jeremiah 48:37; Ezekiel 21:12; כל־פנים (every face) Isaiah 25:8

b. Followed by singular, understood collectively

• Genesis 1:21 את כל נפשׁ החיה (every living soul)
• Genesis 2:9 כל עץ נחמד (every kind of tree)
• Genesis 6:12 כָּל־בָּשָׂר (all flesh)
• Numbers 12:3; Judges 16:17 כל האדם (the whole of mankind)
• Exodus 1:22 כל־הבן (all the sons)
• In late Hebrew: בְּכָל־דּוֹר וָדוֹר Psalm 45:18; Esther 9:28; בכל־עיר ועיר 2 Chronicles 11:12

c. Genitive as a relative sentence

• Introduced by אשׁר: Genesis 1:31 את כל אשׁר עשׂה (all that he had made); Joshua 1:7 בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר תֵּלֵךְ (wheresoever thou goest)
• Rarely with ellipse of relative: Genesis 39:4 וְכָל־יֶשׁ־לוֹ; Psalm 71:18 לְכָל־יָבוֹא

d. Idiomatic use with suffixes

• Placing suffix after the word qualified: 2 Samuel 2:9 יִשְׂרָאֵל כֻּלֹּה (Israel, all of it); Isaiah 14:29 פלשׁת כלך (Philistia, all of thee!)
• Suffix of 3ms used for the mass: Exodus 14:7 עַל־כֻּלּוֹ (upon all of them); Psalm 29:9 כֻּלּוֹ אֹמֵר כָּבוֹד (every one says, Glory!)

e. Affirming or denying of an entire class (any/none)

• Comparative: Genesis 3:1 מכל חית השׂדה (than any beast of the field)
• With negative (none): Exodus 12:16 כל־מלאכה לא יעשׂה (no work shall be done); Psalm 143:2 כי לא־יצדק לפניך כל־חי (for no living thing is righteous before thee)

f. Anomalous gender

feminine very anomalously, severed from its Genitive: 2 Samuel 1:9 כִּי־כָל־עוֹד נַפְשִׁי בִי; Job 27:3; Hosea 14:3 כָּל־תִּשָּׂא עָוֺן.

2. Absolutely

a. Without the article (all things, all)

• Genesis 9:3 את כֹּל; Genesis 16:12 וְיַד כֹּל בּוֹ; Numbers 11:6 אֵין כֹּל (there is nothing)
• Isaiah 44:24 עשֶֹׁה כֹּל (maker of all things); Proverbs 16:4
• As Comprehensive Genitive: Ezekiel 44:30 כָּל־בִּכּוּרֵי כֹל

b. With article (הַכֹּל)

• Referring to things just mentioned: Exodus 29:24 ושׂמת הַכֹּל; Leviticus 1:9; 1 Samuel 30:19 הַכֹּל השׁיב דוד
• In wider sense (the universe, to pan): Jeremiah 10:16 כי יוצר הַכֹּל הוא; Psalm 103:19
• In Ecclesiastes (often): Ecclesiastes 1:2; Ecclesiastes 12:8 הַכֹּל הֶבֶל

Aramaic

I. כֹּל, כָּל־ noun masculine the whole, all (Biblical Hebrew כֹּל).

1. The whole of, all
   • כֹּל חַכִּימֵי בָבֶל Daniel 2:12
   • כל־מלכותא Daniel 6:4
   • suffix 3 masculine plural כָּלְּהוֹן Daniel 2:38; Daniel 7:19
2. With a singular noun, understood collectively (every, any, none)
   • Daniel 3:29 דִּי כָל־עַם (that every people)
   • Daniel 6:8 מִן־כָּל־אֱלָה (of any god)
   • Daniel 2:10 כל־מלך... לא (no king)
   • כָּל־דִּי (whoever/whatever) Daniel 6:8; Ezra 7:23
3. Emphatic כֹּלָּא (absolutely, all things)
   • Daniel 2:40 חָשֵׁל כֹּלָּא (crushing all things)
   • Daniel 4:9, Daniel 4:18 וּמָזוֹן לְכֹלָּא־בֵהּ
   • Daniel 4:25 כֹּלָּא מְטָא (all came upon...)

¹ David Heinrich Müller, Epigraphische Denkmäler aus Arabien (1889).

² Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881-1897).

³ S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel (1890).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

Conjunction, Preposition, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: πάντα πᾶσ πάντεσ πᾶν πάντασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3605:

πάντα 921× (17.0%)

πᾶσ 451× (8.4%)

πάντεσ 441× (8.4%)

πᾶν 351× (6.5%)

πάντασ 297× (5.6%)

πᾶσαν 267× (4.9%)

πάντων 242× (4.4%)

πάσασ 230× (4.4%)

--- 227× (4.5%)

πᾶσα 214× (4.0%)

משפטו מִשְׁפָּטוֹ

judgments of himself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

משפט

mishpâṭ

Definition

properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, individual or collective), including the act, the place, the suit, the crime, and the penalty; abstractly, justice, including a participant's right or privilege (statutory or customary), or even a style

Root

from H8199 (שפט);

Exhaustive

from שפט; properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, individual or collective), including the act, the place, the suit, the crime, and the penalty; abstractly, justice, including a participant's right or privilege (statutory or customary), or even a style; [phrase] adversary, ceremony, charge, [idiom] crime, custom, desert, determination, discretion, disposing, due, fashion, form, to be judged, judgment, just(-ice, -ly), (manner of) law(-ful), manner, measure, (due) order, ordinance, right, sentence, usest, [idiom] worthy, [phrase] wrong.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4941

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מִשְׁפָּט

masculine noun • Root שפט • Strongs / High • Page 924

A multi-faceted term meaning: a cause or suit; a sentence or decision of a judge; a legal precept or rule; guilt or crime; a right, law, or custom; what belongs to someone (e.g., wages, privilege); usage, manner, or condition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִשְׁפָּט

noun masculine • Page 417

5. a right, privilege; e.g. מִשְׁפַּט הַגְּאֻלָּה the right of redemption, Jer. 32:7; מִשְׁפַּט הַמֶּלֶךְ the right or prerogative of the king, 1 Sam. 8:9, 11. Particularly what belongs to any one by law, Deut. 18:3; מִשְׁפַּט הַכֹּהֲנִים what belongs to the priests, i. e. their due, 1 Sam. 2:13. 6. right, righteousness, justice, i. q. צֶדֶק. Deut. 32:4. 7. a law, i. q. חֹק. Ex. 21:1. 24:3; particularly a divine law, Lev. 18:4, 5, 26. 8. a custom, usage. 1 K. 18:28. 9. a mode, manner. Ex. 26:30. 2 K. 1:7. Judg. 13:12.

מִשְׁפָּט

noun masculine • Root שפט • Page 416

1. judgment, the act of judging. Lev. 19: 15. 2. a judgment, judicial decision. 1 K. 3: 28. 3. guilt, liability to punishment. Ezek. 7: 23. 4. a cause, a suit at law. Num. 27: 5.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4941

I. מִשְׁפָּט (approximate number of occurrences: 422) noun masculine^{Genesis 40:13} — judgment.

— מִשְׁפָּט absolute Exodus 21:31 (203 times), + לְשְִׁ֯מָּט Ezekiel 44:24 (but read Kt לִשְׁמֹּט with ᵐ5 ᵑ7 ᵑ6 Co and others); construct מִשְׁמַּט Exodus 23:6 (50 times); suffix מִשְׁמָּטִי Isaiah 40:27 +; מִשְׁמָּטָם Jeremiah 49:12 +; מִשְׁמָּטָן Numbers 27:5; plural מִשְׁמָּטִים Jeremiah 4:12 (34 times); suffix מִשְׁמָּטֶיךָ Deuteronomy 33:10 + etc.

1. Judgment

a. Act of deciding a case

• מִשְׁפָּט belongeth to God Deuteronomy 1:17, is from him Proverbs 16:33; Proverbs 29:26
• אֱלֹהֵי הַמִּשְׁפָּט Malachi 2:17
• חֹשֶׁן מִשְׁפָּט Exodus 28:15 the pouch of judgment, so Exodus 28:29; Exodus 28:30 (Priests' Code); worn on heart of Aaron Exodus 28:30 (Priests' Code)
• (+ צֶדֶק) Deuteronomy 16:18
• הֵבִין מִשְׁפָּט Job 32:9
• שָׁפַט מִשְׁפָּט 1 Kings 3:28; עָשָׂה מִשְׁפָּט 1 Kings 3:28
• דְּבַר הַמִּשְׁפָּט Deuteronomy 17:9; 2 Chronicles 19:6
• רוּחַ מִשְׁפָּט Isaiah 28:6
• בְּמִשְׁפָּט Leviticus 19:15, 35 (Holiness Code); Deuteronomy 1:17; Proverbs 16:10; Proverbs 24:23
• בְּמִשְׁפַּט הָאוּרִים Numbers 27:21 (Priests' Code)
• לַמִּשְׁפָּט Numbers 35:12; Joshua 20:6 (Priests' Code); Deuteronomy 17:8; Judges 4:5; 2 Samuel 15:2, 6; 2 Chronicles 19:8; Isaiah 34:5; Isaiah 41:1; Isaiah 54:17; Isaiah 59:11; Habakkuk 1:12; Malachi 3:5; Psalm 9:8; Psalm 35:23; Psalm 76:10; Psalm 122:5; Job 9:19

b. Place, court seat of judgment

• Deuteronomy 25:1
• 1 Kings 7:7
• Isaiah 28:6
• Ecclesiastes 3:16

c. Process, procedure, litigation before judges

• הֵבִיא בַמִּשְׁפָּט Job 14:3; Ecclesiastes 11:9; Ecclesiastes 12:14
• בָּא בַמִּשְׁפָּט (+ עִם) Isaiah 3:14; Job 22:4; (+ אֶת) Psalm 143:2; (+ יַחְדָּו) Job 9:32
• עָמַד בַּמִּשְׁפָּט Job 34:23; compare Ezekiel 34:16; Psalm 112:5
• plural דִּבֶּר מִשְׁפָּטִים (+ אֶת) litigate with Jeremiah 1:16; Jeremiah 4:12; Jeremiah 12:1; Jeremiah 39:5 = Jeremiah 52:9
• singular מִשְׁפָּט in parallel 2 Kings 25:6 (by error)

d. Case or cause presented for judgment

• בַּעַל מִשְׁפָּט Isaiah 50:8
• עָרַךְ מִשְׁפָּט Job 13:18; Job 23:4
• שָׁמַע מִשְׁפָּט 1 Kings 3:11
• שָׁפַט מִשְׁפָּט Lamentations 3:59; compare Numbers 27:5 (Priests' Code); 2 Samuel 15:4

e. Sentence, decision of judgment

• כֵּן מִשְׁפָּטֶךָ 1 Kings 20:40 thus is thy sentence
• עֵת וּמִשְׁפָּט Ecclesiastes 8:5–6 time and sentence
• עַל מִשְׁפָּט Deuteronomy 17:11 according to the sentence
• מִשְׁפַּט מָוֶת Deuteronomy 19:6; Deuteronomy 21:22; Jeremiah 26:11, 16
• מִשְׁפַּט דָּמִים Ezekiel 7:23; compare Habakkuk 1:4; Psalm 7:7; Psalm 17:2; Ezekiel 23:45
• plural מִשְׁפְּטֵי נְאֻפוֹת Ezekiel 16:68
• Hosea 6:5 read singular מִשְׁפָּטִי כָאוֹר for מִשְׁפָּטֶיךָ אוֹר after ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ7

f. Execution of judgment

• In general, עָשָׂה מִשְׁפָּט (+ בֵּין) Jeremiah 7:5; Ezekiel 18:8; compare Deuteronomy 32:41; Zephaniah 3:8
• (+ בְּ) against Psalm 119:84; Psalm 149:9; בְּ omitted Psalm 9:17; Ezekiel 39:21
• בָּא אֶל מִשְׁפָּט Jeremiah 48:21; בְּרוּחַ מִשְׁפָּט Isaiah 4:4; מִשְׁפַּט מוֹאָב Jeremiah 48:47; compare Isaiah 53:8; Jeremiah 51:9; Hosea 5:1, 11; Hosea 10:4; Job 36:17
• plural Isaiah 26:8–9; Ezekiel 5:8; Zephaniah 3:15; Psalm 10:5
• In favour of: עָשָׂה מִשְׁפָּטִי Micah 7:9; Psalm 9:5; מִשְׁפָּט לַעֲשׁוּקִים Psalm 146:7; דִּין מִשְׁפָּט וְהִצִּיל Jeremiah 21:12; compare Zechariah 7:9; Zechariah 8:16
• plural Psalm 48:12 = Psalm 97:8; 1 Chronicles 16:12, 14

g. Time of judgment

• לֹא יָקֻמוּ בַמִּשְׁפָּט Psalm 1:5 (late; probably judgment of the resurrection)

2. Attribute of the שֹׁפֵט, justice, right, rectitude

a. Of God

• אֱלֹהֵי מִשְׁפָּט Isaiah 30:18
• הֲשֹׁפֵט כָּל־הָאָרֶץ לֹא יַעֲשֶׂה מִשְׁפָּט Genesis 18:25 (Jehovist Source); compare Job 40:8; Deuteronomy 32:4; Psalm 111:7
• He loves it: Psalm 33:5; Psalm 37:28; Psalm 99:4
• (+ צֶדֶק) Hosea 2:21; Psalm 89:15 = Psalm 97:2
• Will not pervert it: Job 8:3; Job 34:12; compare Job 37:23
• כְּמִשְׁפָּטֶךָ Psalm 119:149 (parallel חַסְדֶּךָ)
• מִשְׁפָּטְךָ תְּהוֹם רַבָּה Psalm 36:7

b. Of man

• אַשְׁרֵי שֹׁמְרֵי מִשְׁפָּט Psalm 106:3 (parallel צְדָקָה)
• Tongue of the wise speaketh מִשְׁפָּט Psalm 37:30; thoughts Proverbs 12:5
• Put on מִשְׁפָּט as robe Job 29:14; chosen Job 34:4
• עָשָׂה מִשְׁפָּט: required by God Micah 6:8; Isaiah 1:17; Isaiah 56:1; Isaiah 61:8
• Joy of the righteous Proverbs 21:15; rulers should know it Micah 3:1; Proverbs 29:4
• Wicked ruler שֹׂנֵא מִשְׁפָּט Job 34:17; abhors it Micah 3:9; compare Proverbs 19:28; Proverbs 21:7; Proverbs 28:5

3. Ordinance

Promulgated by שֹׁפֵט:

• Law of king: 1 Samuel 8:9, 11; 1 Samuel 10:25
• Levitical ordinances: Leviticus 5:10; Leviticus 9:16 (13 times in Priests' Code); 1 Chronicles 15:13; 1 Chronicles 24:19; 2 Chronicles 4:7, 20; 8:14; 35:13; Nehemiah 8:18
• חֹק וּמִשְׁפָּט Exodus 15:25; Joshua 24:25 (Elohist Source); 1 Samuel 30:25; compare Psalm 81:5
• חֻקַּת מִשְׁפָּט Numbers 27:11; Numbers 35:29 (Priests' Code)
• Divine law in general: מִשְׁפַּט יהוה Jeremiah 8:7; מִשְׁפַּט אֱלֹהִים Isaiah 58:2; Jeremiah 5:4, 5 (parallel דֶּרֶךְ); compare Psalm 25:9
• Parallel תּוֹרָה: Isaiah 42:4; Isaiah 51:4; Ezra 7:10; compare Zephaniah 2:3; Psalm 119:43; Psalm 119:160
• Plural of particular ordinances: Deuteronomy 33:10, 21; Isaiah 58:2; Ezekiel 44:24; Psalm 19:10; Psalm 119:7 (16 times); Psalm 147:20

4. Decision of the שֹׁפֵט in a case of law

(See Briggs¹):

• Singular of particular decision: Exodus 21:31 (Elohist Source)
• Plural of series of decisions: Exodus 21:1; Exodus 24:3 (Jehovist-Elohist); Deuteronomy 7:12
• In combination, חֻקִּים וּמִשְׁפָּטִים: Deuteronomy 4:1, 5, 8, 14, 45 +; in Holiness Code and after, חֻקּוֹת וּמִשְׁפָּטִים Leviticus 18:4, 5, 26; Leviticus 19:37 +
• Other combinations, redactional and later: Leviticus 26:46; Numbers 36:13; Deuteronomy 30:16; 2 Kings 17:37; 2 Chronicles 33:8; Nehemiah 9:13; Psalm 18:23; Psalm 89:31; Psalm 147:19

5. One's (legal) right, privilege, due

• מִשְׁפַּט הַכֹּהֲנִים Deuteronomy 18:3 due of the priests
• מִשְׁפַּט הַבְּכֹרָה Deuteronomy 21:17
• מִשְׁפַּט הַגְּאֻלָּה Jeremiah 32:7 right of redemption; מִשְׁפַּט הַיְרֻשָּׁה Jeremiah 32:8
• הִטָּה מִשְׁפָּט Exodus 23:6 (Elohist Source) wrest right, so Deuteronomy 16:19; 24:17; 27:19; 1 Samuel 8:3; Lamentations 3:35; Proverbs 18:5
• מִשְׁפַּט יְתוֹם Deuteronomy 10:18; מִשְׁפַּט אֶבְיוֹן Exodus 23:6 (Elohist Source); Jeremiah 5:28; Psalm 140:13
• מִשְׁפַּט עֲנִיִּים Isaiah 10:2; Job 36:6
• הֵסִיר מִשְׁפָּטִי Job 27:2; Job 34:5; compare Isaiah 40:27; Isaiah 49:4

6. Fitting measure, custom, plan

a. Proper, fitting, measure

• 1 Kings 5:8
• Fitness in nature: Isaiah 28:26; Isaiah 40:14 (compare Dillmann²)

b. Custom, manner

• מִשְׁפַּט הַכֹּהֲנִים 1 Samuel 2:13 custom of the priests (or rightful due, according to Thenius, Wellhausen, Driver)
• מִשְׁפָּטוֹ 1 Samuel 27:11 his (David's) custom
• מִשְׁפַּט הַגּוֹיִם 2 Kings 17:33 manner of the nations; compare 2 Kings 17:26–27
• כְּמִשְׁפָּט after the manner, fashion: Genesis 40:13; Exodus 21:9 (Elohist Source); Judges 18:7; 1 Kings 18:28; 2 Kings 11:14; 2 Kings 17:34; 1 Chronicles 6:17; Ezekiel 42:11; Psalm 119:132

c. "What manner of"

• מַה־מִּשְׁפַּט Judges 13:12 what manner of a boy; compare 2 Kings 1:7

d. Plan

• Of the tabernacle: Exodus 26:30 (Priests' Code)
• Temple: 1 Kings 6:38
• Palace: Jeremiah 30:18

¹ C. A. Briggs, Higher Criticism of the Hexateuch, 252 sq.

² A. Dillmann, Commentary on Isaiah.

Noun common masculine singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: κρίμα κρίσιν κρίματα κρίσει κρίσισ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4941:

κρίμα 87× (21.4%)

κρίσιν 68× (16.7%)

κρίματα 41× (9.1%)

κρίσει 20× (4.6%)

κρίσισ 19× (4.6%)

κρίματά 16× (3.4%)

κρίσεωσ 14× (3.5%)

δικαίωμα 14× (3.1%)

δικαιώματά 13× (2.7%)

κρίσεισ 10× (2.2%)

ויבנהו וַיִּבְנֵהוּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

בנה

bânâh

Definition

to build (literally and figuratively)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to build (literally and figuratively); (begin to) build(-er), obtain children, make, repair, set (up), [idiom] surely.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1129

ו

Definition

him, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9033

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בָּנָה

verb • Root בנה • Strongs / High • Page 257

To set up, to place; 1. to build, to erect, establish, to raise (a house, palace, city, temple, etc.); to build up (what is destroyed), to rebuild; to fortify. 2. Figuratively: to establish family happiness, posterity; to set up a throne; to bestow prosperity or well-being; to establish.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בָּנָה

verb • Page 105

1. To build, erect, or make (Gen. 8:20, 12:7; Gen. 2:22 regarding the rib). 2. To rebuild or build up what has been destroyed (Am. 9:14, Ps. 122:3). 3. Figuratively used for persons or nations, to build them up or make them prosperous (Jer. 24:6, 31:4).

בָּנָה

verb • Page 106

(Continued from previous page) 4. to raise up, or give posterity to any one (Gen. 16:2). Niph. 1. to be built, rebuilt (Deut. 13:17). 2. figuratively to be built up, to be made prosperous (Jer. 12:16, Mal. 3:15).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1129

I. בָּנָה (approximate number of occurrences: 373) verb — build.

Cognates:

• Mesha Inscription בנה
• Nabatean¹ בנה
• Phoenician בן
• Arabic בני
• Assyrian banû²
• Sabean⁴ בני
• Aramaic בְּנָא
• Palmyrene⁵ בנא

— בָּנָה Qal Perfect בָּנָה Deuteronomy 20:5 +; בָּֽנְתָה Proverbs 9:1, Proverbs 14:1; בָּנִיתָ Deuteronomy 6:10; בָּנִתָה 1 Kings 9:3; וּבָנִ֫יתָ consecutive Deuteronomy 20:20 +; בָּנִיתְ Ezekiel 16:25; בָּנִתִי 1 Kings 8:13 +; plural בָּנוּ Genesis 11:5 + etc.; Imperfect יִבְּנֶה Deuteronomy 25:9 +; jussive וְיִבֶן Ezra 1:3, וַיִּבְנֶה Joshua 19:50; וַיִּ֫בֶן Genesis 2:22 +; suffix יִבְנֵ֫הוּ Job 20:19; 3 feminine singular וַתִּ֫בֶן 1 Chronicles 7:24, Zechariah 9:3; אֶבְנֶה 2 Samuel 7:27 +; plural יִבְנוּ Isaiah 65:22 + etc.; Imperative בְּנֵה Numbers 23:1 +; plural בְּנוּ Numbers 32:24 +; Infinitive absolute בָּנֹה 1 Kings 8:13; construct בְּנוֺת 1 Chronicles 6:17 + etc.; Participle active בֹּנֶה (בּוֺנֶה) Genesis 4:17 +; construct בֹּנֵה Psalm 147:2; plural בּוֺנִים Ezra 4:1 +; construct בֹּנֵי 1 Kings 5:32; passive בָּנוּי Song of Songs 4:4, Judges 6:28; feminine בְּנוּיָה Psalm 122:3; plural בְּנוּיִם Nehemiah 7:4.

1. Literal Meanings and Uses

a. Building various structures

• Of city: Genesis 4:17; Genesis 10:11; Genesis 11:4–5, 8 (Jehovist Source); Exodus 1:11; Numbers 32:24; Joshua 24:13 (Elohist Source); Judges 1:26; Psalm 122:3.
• Of house: Genesis 33:17 (Jehovist Source); Deuteronomy 6:10; Amos 5:11; Isaiah 65:21.
• Especially of Temple: 1 Kings 3:1; 1 Kings 5:32; 1 Kings 6:1; 2 Samuel 7:5; (+ ליהוה) 1 Kings 6:1; (+ לְשֵׁם י׳) 2 Samuel 7:13; 1 Kings 5:17.
• Of altar: Genesis 8:20; Genesis 12:7–8; Genesis 13:18 (Jehovist Source); Genesis 22:9; Exodus 24:4 (Elohist Source); Joshua 22:11 (Priests' Code).
• Of wall, gate, or tower: Isaiah 60:10; Nehemiah 4:4; 2 Kings 15:35; Isaiah 5:2.
• Of siege-works: Deuteronomy 20:2 (+ מָצוֺר); 2 Kings 25:1; Ezekiel 4:2 (+ דָּיֵק).

b. Construction details

• With accusative of material: Exodus 20:25 (Elohist Source); 1 Kings 6:36.
• With בְּ of material: 1 Kings 6:15–16.
• Of Yahweh fashioning the rib into a woman: Genesis 2:22 (+ אֶת־הַצֵּלָע לְאִשָּׁה).

c. Rebuilding and repairing

• Of cities and walls: Joshua 6:26; Amos 9:14; Nehemiah 2:5.
• Of ruins: Isaiah 58:12 (+ חָרְבוֺת עוֺלָם); Ezekiel 36:36.

2. Figurative Meanings

a. Establishing a family or household

• Of perpetuating a family: Ruth 4:11; Deuteronomy 25:9.
• Of Yahweh's promise to David: 1 Samuel 2:35; 2 Samuel 7:27; 1 Kings 11:38.

b. Building up the people/nation

• Of the restoration of Israel: Jeremiah 24:6; Jeremiah 31:4; Jeremiah 42:10.
• Of establishing Zion or the throne: Psalm 102:17; Psalm 89:5.

3. Niph`al

— Perfect נִבְנָה 1 Kings 3:2; 3 feminine singular נִבְנְתָה Numbers 13:22; Imperfect יִבָּנֶה Job 12:14; אִבָּנֶה Genesis 16:2; Infinitive לְהִבָּנוֺת Haggai 1:2.

a. Literal senses

• be built: Numbers 13:22; 1 Kings 6:7.
• be rebuilt: Isaiah 44:26; Jeremiah 30:18; Haggai 1:2.

b. Figurative senses

• be established / prosper: Jeremiah 12:16; Malachi 3:15; Job 22:23.
• Of a childless wife being "built up" (becoming a mother) through a concubine: Genesis 16:2; Genesis 30:3 (+ מִמֶּנָּה).

¹ Julius Euting, Nabatäische Inschriften aus Arabien (1885).

² Eberhard Schrader, The Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament (COT).

³ Jacob Barth, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG 1887, 640).

⁴ Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum (CIS).

⁵ Melchior de Vogüé, Syrie centrale: Inscriptions sémitiques (1868).

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person masculine singular, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: ᾠκοδόμησεν οἰκοδομῆσαι ᾠκοδόμησαν οἰκοδομήσει οἰκοδομήσεισ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1129:

ᾠκοδόμησεν 94× (22.6%)

οἰκοδομῆσαι 36× (8.5%)

ᾠκοδόμησαν 26× (6.2%)

οἰκοδομήσει 16× (4.2%)

οἰκοδομήσεισ 16× (4.0%)

ᾠκοδόμησα 14× (3.5%)

οἰκοδομήσουσιν 9× (2.1%)

οἰκοδομεῖν 8× (1.9%)

οἰκοδομήσω 8× (1.9%)

--- 7× (1.8%)

שבע שֶׁבַע

seven

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שבע

shebaʻ

Definition

seven (as the sacred full one); also (adverbially) seven times; by implication, a week; by extension, an indefinite number

Root

or (masculine) (שבעה); from H7650 (שבע); a primitive cardinal number;

Exhaustive

or (masculine) (שבעה); from שבע; a primitive cardinal number; seven (as the sacred full one); also (adverbially) seven times; by implication, a week; by extension, an indefinite number; ([phrase] by) seven(-fold),-s, (-teen, -teenth), -th, times). Compare שבענה.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7651

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שֶׁבַע

numeral • Strongs / High • Page 1041

Seven (Comparative example for interchange with Ayin, corresponding to 'septem' in context)

שֶׁבַע

numeral / noun masculine / noun proper • Strongs / High • Page 1376

1. (Numeral) Seven; used generally as a figure for the number seven. 2. (n. m.) A Covenant or an Oath. 3. (n. p.) Part of a place name, like Beer-sheba (בְּאֵר שֶׁבַע).

שֶׁבַע

numeral cardinal / adv. • Strongs / High • Page 1375

Seven (masculine numeral). Used cardinally, as an ordinal, or adverbially meaning seven times/often. Also denotes the sacred number seven.

שֶׁבַע

numeral cardinal • Strongs / High • Page 1377

seven (numeral card. f., absolute or construct state).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שָׂבַע

verb • Root שבע • Page 634

3. rich or abounding in any thing. Deut. 33:23. Job 14:1. 10:15.

שָׂבַע

m. verbal • Root שבע • Page 634

1. satiety. Ex. 16:3. 2. fullness. Ps. 16:11.

שֹׂבַע

m. verbal • Root שבע • Page 634

satiety, hence abundance, plenty. Prov. 3: 10. Gen. 41:29 ff.

שָׂבַע and שָׂבֵעַ

verb • Page 633

1. To be satisfied, satiated, or filled, particularly with food (Am. 4:8, Prov. 30:16, Ps. 104:16). 2. To be tired, weary, or disgusted (Is. 1:11, Job 7:4, Prov. 25:17). Includes Pi'el and Hiph'il forms meaning 'to satisfy' (Ezek. 7:19, Ps. 107:9).

שֶׁבַע

f. const. שְׁבַע and שִׁבְעָה / const. שִׁבְעַת • Page 652

1. seven, placed before or after a noun. Often used as a round or sacred number (Gen. 8:10, Num. 23:1, Job 1:2, Gen. 21:28). 2. seven times, usually as an indefinite round number (Ps. 119:164, Prov. 24:16).

שֶׁבַע

proper name • Root שבע • Page 652

Gen. 26:33. proper name of a well so called from an oath (שְׁבוּעָה).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7651

I. שֶׁבַע, שִׁבְעָה (approximate number of occurrences: 394) noun masculine and feminine seven (Late Hebrew idem, MI 16 שבעת¹).

Cognates:

• Assyrian sibi, sibittu (Friedrich Delitzsch, Grammar² § 65, 6; s = ש)
• Arabic سَبْعُ, سَبْعَةٌ
• Sabean סבע (Hommel, Chrestomathia³ 47, 124)
• Ethiopic ሰብዑ፡ሰብዐቱ፡
• Phoenician (Punic) שבע
• Nabataean שבע שבעה
• Palmyrene שבעא שבעה
• Aramaic שֶׁבַע, שִׁבְעָא, ܡܰܚܠ, ܡܰܚܶܠ

On etymology, compare P. de Lagarde, Bildung der Nomina⁴ 37 and following.

— masculine (with noun feminine) absolute שֶׁבַע Genesis 41:2 (115 times); construct שֶׁבַע Genesis 5:26 (47 times), especially Priests' Code / Narrative⁵ (15 times) and 1 Chronicles (20 times), וּשְׁבַע 1 Kings 14:21. feminine (with noun masculine) absolute שִׁבְעָה Genesis 4:24 (100 times); construct שִׁבְעַת Genesis 7:10 (120 times); suffix שִׁבְעָתָהּ 2 Samuel 21:9 Qere (so Versions and modern; see S. R. Driver⁶; preferred to Kethib שִׁבְעָתַיִם).

— seven:

1. without other number:
   1. שֶׁבַע, before feminine plural noun Genesis 21:28 (Jehovist (Yahwist) Source⁷), Judges 16:13; Isaiah 4:1 (80 times), especially שָׁנִים שֶׁבַע Genesis 29:18 (Elohist Source⁸) + 32 times (but read שָׁלוֺשׁ for שֶׁבַע 2 Samuel 24:13a, compare verse b, c, also אח 5 and parallel 1 Chronicles 21:12; so O. Thenius⁹, J. Wellhausen¹⁰, S. R. Driver⁶, K. Budde¹¹, H. P. Smith¹², W. Nowack¹³), מִּעָמִים שֶׁבַע Genesis 33:3 (Jehovist (Yahwist) Source⁷), Leviticus 4:6 (Priests' Code / Narrative⁵) + 17 times; בָּמָה רָחְבָּהּ שֶׁבַע 1 Kings 6:6; after noun Ezekiel 40:20, 26; noun omitted Job 5:19; Proverbs 6:16, + (= מְעָמִים שֶׁבַע) Leviticus 26:18, 21, 24, 28 (Holiness Code¹⁴), Psalm 119:64; Proverbs 24:16.
   2. שִׁבְעָה before masculine plural noun Numbers 23:1 (3 times in verse) (Elohist Source⁸) + 40 times + Job 42:19 (read שֶׁבַע for שִׁבְעָנָה Gesenius, Hebrew Grammar¹⁵ § 97c and most); + (distributive) וְשֶׁבַע שֶׁבַע Zechariah 4:2; after noun Genesis 7:4 (Jehovist (Yahwist) Source⁷), Exodus 25:37 (Priests' Code / Narrative⁵) + 12 times (Priests' Code / Narrative⁵, 1 Chronicles, Daniel, Proverbs); noun omitted 1 Samuel 2:5 (9 times), including שֶׁבַ

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ἑπτὰ ἑπτακόσιοι ἑπτά ἑπτάκισ ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H7651:

ἑπτὰ 227× (50.6%)

ἑπτακόσιοι 26× (5.7%)

ἑπτά 21× (4.5%)

ἑπτάκισ 19× (4.5%)

'' 15× (3.0%)

τριάκοντα 9× (1.7%)

εἴκοσι 9× (1.8%)

ἑβδόμῳ 9× (1.6%)

ἑκατὸν 7× (1.7%)

ἑβδόμῃ 6× (1.4%)

שנים שָׁנִים׃

doubled ones

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שנה

shâneh

Definition

a year (as a revolution of time)

Root

(in plural or (feminine) שנה; from H8138 (שנה);

Exhaustive

(in plural or (feminine) שנה; from שנה; a year (as a revolution of time); [phrase] whole age, [idiom] long, [phrase] old, year([idiom] -ly).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8141

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שֵׁנָה

noun feminine • Root ישן • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1459

Sleep; also sleep of death; figuratively, a dreamy, torpid thing.

Matched via consonantal key only

שָׁנָה

verb • Root שנה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1458

I. 1. tr. same as שָׁנָה I., properly to fold together two things, to double; hence to repeat, to do again, iterare. 2. intr. to be changeable, to change; to be fickle, or to be otherwise, different; to return, to be repeated; to copy; of time, to run a circuit.

Matched via consonantal key only

שָׁנָה

verb • Root שנה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1458

II. (Not used) intransitive, same as שָׁוָא II. to shine, to glitter, to lighten.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שְׁנָה

f. chald. • Page 690

a year. Plur. שְׁנִין. Dan. 6: 1.

שֵׁנָה

noun feminine • Root ישן • Page 690

sleep, a dream. Ps. 90: 5.

שָׁנָה

verb • Page 690

1. to alter, to change or be changed. Mal. 3: 6; Lam. 4: 1. 2. to be different, diverse. Est. 1: 7; 3: 8. 3. to be of a different opinion. Prov. 24: 21. 4. to repeat, to do a second time. Neh. 13: 21; 1 Sam. 26: 8. Pi. to change, alter (promise, way, garments, or countenance). Ps. 89: 35; Jer. 2: 36; 52: 33; Job 14: 20. Pu. to be changed, disfigured. Ecc. 8: 1. Hithpa. to disguise one's self. 1 K. 14: 2.

שָׁנָה

noun feminine • Root שנה • Page 690

a year, perhaps literally a repetition or return of the same seasons. Deut. 14: 22; 1 Sam. 7: 16; Gen. 7: 11. Dual שְׁנָתַיִם two years. Gen. 41: 1; Jer. 28: 3.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8141

I. שָׁנָה (approximate number of occurrences: 877) noun feminine (on apparent exception see Albr¹) — year (etymology see II. שׁנה).

— שָׁנָה absolute Amos 2:10 +; construct שְׁנַת Genesis 41:50 +; suffix שְׁנָתוֺ Ezekiel 46:13 +, שְׁנָתָהּ Leviticus 14:10 (2 times); dual שְׁנָתַיִם Amos 1:1 +, שְׁנָתָיִם 1 Kings 15:25 +; plural שָׁנִים Exodus 21:2 +, construct שְׁנֵי Genesis 23:1 (24 times), שְׁנוֺת Deuteronomy 32:7 (8 times, in poetry and late); suffix שְׁנָיו Leviticus 25:52 (4 times); שְׁנוֺתַי Isaiah 38:15; Psalm 31:11, שְׁנוֺתָם Psalm 78:33 (8 times).

1. As division of time

a. General usage

• Exodus 23:14
• Exodus 23:17
• רֵשִׁית הַשּׁ׳ (beginning of the year) Deuteronomy 11:12 (opposed to אַחֲרִית הַשּׁ׳ end of the year)
• צֵאת הַשּׁ׳ (exit of the year) Exodus 23:16
• תְּקוּפַת הַשּׁ׳ (revolution of the year) Exodus 34:22; 2 Chronicles 24:23
• תְּשׁוּבַת הַשּׁ׳ (return of the year) 2 Samuel 11:1

b. Recurring and indefinite intervals

• שָׁנָה בְשָׁנָה (year by year) 1 Samuel 1:7
• שָׁנָה שָׁנָה Deuteronomy 14:22
• אַחֲרֵי שָׁנָה שָׁנָה (year after year) 2 Samuel 21:1
• בְּכָל־שָׁנָה וְשָׁנָה (every single year) Esther 9:21, 27
• שָׁנִים (for years) Ezekiel 38:17
• זֶה יָמִים אוֺ זֶה שָׁנִים 1 Samuel 29:3

2. Duration of life and age

• שְׁנֵי חַיֵּי (years of the life of...) Genesis 23:1; Genesis 25:7 (Priests' Code)
• Of God: Job 10:5; Psalm 102:25; Psalm 102:28
• In phrase of age: (see בֵּן 9, בַּת 9)

3. Specific years and designations

• בִּשְׁנַת מוֺת הַמֶּלֶח (year of the king's death) Isaiah 6:1; Isaiah 14:28
• שְׁנַת הַשּׁמִטָּה (year of release) Deuteronomy 15:9; Deuteronomy 31:10
• שְׁנַת הַיּוֺבֵל (year of Jubilee) Leviticus 25:13
• שְׁנֵי שָׂכִיר (years of a hireling) Isaiah 16:14; Isaiah 21:16
• שְׁנַת פְּקֻדָּתָם (year of their visitation) Jeremiah 11:23
• שְׁנַת רָצוֺן (year of favor) Isaiah 61:2

4. Numerical usage

• Plural after units: Exodus 21:2; שְׁתַּיִם שָׁנִים 2 Samuel 2:10
• Dual: שְׁנָתַיִם Amos 1:1; שְׁנָתַיִם יָמִים Genesis 41:1
• Singular after 11–19, tens and hundreds: Genesis 5:3, 9; Genesis 14:4
• Large numbers: אֶלֶף שָׁנִים (1000 years) Psalm 90:4; (+ פַּעֲמַיִם) Ecclesiastes 6:6
• Ordinal force: בִּשְׁנַת אַרְבַּע לְ (in the fourth year of) 1 Kings 22:41; בַּשָּׁנָה הָֽרְבִיעִת Leviticus 19:24
• Late usage with article: בִּשְׁנַת הַתְּשִׁיעִית 2 Kings 25:1; Ezra 7:8

II. שׁנה (root of following, meaning dubious).

Cognates:

• Arabic سنى (shine)
• Ethiopic ሠነየ (be beautiful)
• Assyrian šinîtu (dyed cloth)

¹ Albrecht, ZAW xvi (1896), 46.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC), § 134p.

³ Priests' Code / Narrative.

⁴ Septuagint (LXX).

Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: ἔτη ἔτει ἐτῶν ἐνιαυτοῦ ἐνιαυτῷ

LXX Usage Statistics

H8141:

ἔτη 287× (33.8%)

ἔτει 132× (13.0%)

ἐτῶν 114× (13.4%)

ἐνιαυτοῦ 35× (3.7%)

ἐνιαυτῷ 32× (2.8%)

ἐνιαυτὸν 30× (3.3%)

εἰκοσαετοῦσ 29× (3.0%)

ἔτουσ 26× (2.9%)

'' 23× (2.4%)

ἐνιαύσιον 20× (2.4%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
None

LITV Translation:
And in the eleventh year, in the month Bul, the eighth month, the house was finished as to all its parts, and according to all its plans. So he built it for seven years.