1 Kings 18:12

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

והיה וְהָיה

and he has become

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

היה

hâyâh

Definition

to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

Root

a primitive root (compare H1933 (הוא));

Exhaustive

a primitive root (compare הוא); to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary); beacon, [idiom] altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, [phrase] follow, happen, [idiom] have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, [idiom] use.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1961

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הָיָה

verb • Root היה • Strongs / High • Page 397

To be, to exist, to live, to become. A substantive verb used to unite a subject and predicate. It can also mean to happen, to arise, or to belong to. Used in a wide variety of grammatical constructions.

הָיָה

verb • Root היה • Strongs / High • Page 591

To be, to become, to exist. The common Hebrew verb for 'to be', considered the root of the divine name.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הַיָּה

noun feminine • Page 185

Keri הַוָּה suffering, calamity. Job 6: 2; 30: 13.

הָיָה

verb • Page 184

1. To be (Ex. 20:3, Num. 10:31, etc.); 2. to become (Ex. 4:4, Hos. 3:3, etc.); 3. to happen (Is. 19:15).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1961

I. הָיָה (approximate number of occurrences: 3570) verb — fall out, come to pass, become, be (SI¹; SI² היה; parallel form of הוה, Arabic هوى, Aramaic הֲוָא; see הָוָה).

Cognates:

• Sinaitic Inscriptions הית
• Arabic هوى
• Aramaic הֲוָא

— Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular הָיָה Genesis 3:1 +; וְהָיָה consecutive Genesis 4:14 +; 3 feminine singular הָֽיְתָה Genesis 1:2 +; הָיָ֑תָה Isaiah 14:24; וְהָֽיְתָה consecutive Genesis 9:13 +; 2 masculine singular הָיִיתָ Deuteronomy 5:15 +; 1 singular הָיִיתִי Genesis 31:40; 3 plural הָיוּ Genesis 6:4 +; 2 masculine plural הֱיִיתֶם Exodus 22:20 +; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִהְיֶה Genesis 1:29 +; jussive יְהִי Genesis 1:3 +; וַיְהִי Genesis 1:3 +; 3 feminine singular תִּהְיֶה Genesis 21:30 +; 1 singular אֶהְיֶה Exodus 3:12 +; Imperative masculine singular הֱיֵה Exodus 18:19 +; Infinitive absolute הָיוֺ Genesis 18:18; construct הֱיוֺת Genesis 2:18 +; Participle feminine הוֺיָה Exodus 9:3.

1. Happen and Come to Pass

a. Fall out, happen

• מֶה־הָיָה הַדָּבָר 1 Samuel 4:16 (how has the matter fallen out?)
• 2 Samuel 1:4
• מֶה־הָיָה לוֺ Exodus 32:1, 23 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)

b. Occur, take place, come about

• 1 Samuel 4:17 (a slaughter has taken place)
• 2 Samuel 18:6 (the battle took place)
• Genesis 26:28 (Jehovist Source)
• וַיְהִי־כֵן Genesis 1:7, 9, 11 (Priests' Code)

2. Come into being and Become

a. Arise, appear, come (absolute)

• Exodus 12:80 (there arose a great cry)
• Genesis 9:16 (the bow shall appear)
• Genesis 1:3 (יְהִי אוֺר let light appear)

b. Become (with predicate noun or adjective)

• Genesis 3:20 (mother of all living)
• Genesis 4:2 (became a shepherd)
• וִהְיִיתֶם כֵּאלֹהִים Genesis 3:5 (become like gods)

c. Become (with לְ)

• Genesis 2:7 (became a living soul)
• Exodus 4:3 (became a serpent)
• Genesis 28:21 (Yahweh shall be my God)

3. Exist and Be

a. Exist, be in existence

• 1 Samuel 1:28 (all the days he lives)
• Genesis 2:5 (shrub not yet in the earth)
• Exodus 3:14 (אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה I am that I am)

b. Abide, remain, continue

• Exodus 24:18 (remained in the mount)
• Joshua 19:10 (extend as far as)

Niph`al — Perfect נִהְיָה 1 Kings 1:27; 3 feminine singular נִהְיְתָה Judges 19:30 — be done, be brought about, occur.

• Exodus 11:6 (such as hath not occurred)
• Deuteronomy 4:32
• Proverbs 13:19 (a desire realized)

¹ Sinaitic Inscriptions.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

³ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

⁴ Septuagint (LXX).

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential perfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ἔσται ἐγένετο ἦν ἐγενήθη ἔσονται

LXX Usage Statistics

H1961:

ἔσται 827× (22.9%)

ἐγένετο 634× (16.8%)

ἦν 280× (7.9%)

ἐγενήθη 215× (5.8%)

ἔσονται 160× (4.5%)

ἦσαν 134× (3.8%)

ἐγένοντο 83× (2.3%)

'' 74× (1.9%)

--- 73× (2.2%)

εἶναι 67× (1.7%)

אני׀ אֲנִי׀

myself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אני

ʼănîy

Definition

I

Root

contracted from H595 (אנכי);

Exhaustive

lemma אני second vowel, corrected to אני; contracted from אנכי; I; I, (as for) me, mine, myself, we, [idiom] which, [idiom] who.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H589

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֲנִי

pronoun personal • Root אנ • Strongs_Numbers • Page 162

I; the personal pronoun of the first person singular, common gender.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֲנִי

pronoun • Page 61

I. Also written אָנֹכִי. The form אֲנִי also occurs in the phrase חַי אָנִי (see חַי).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H589

I. אֲנִי, אָנִי pronoun 1 singular, common — I.

Cognates:

• Syriac ܐܢܐ
• Aramaic אֲנָא
• Arabic أنا
• 

— אֲנִי Genesis 6:17; Genesis 9:9, Genesis 9:12 + often.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Following a participle as its subject (to express mostly either a true present or the futurum instans [immanent future])

• Genesis 18:17 הַמְכַסֶּה אֲנִי Am I hiding from Abraham that which, etc.
• Judges 15:3
• 1 Samuel 3:13
• Jeremiah 1:12
• Jeremiah 38:14
• Jeremiah 44:29 (see S. R. Driver¹ §135,4)

b. Appended to a verb, it expresses, in early Hebrew, a real emphasis

• Judges 8:23 לֹא אֶמְשֹׁל אֲנִי בָּכֶם I will not rule over you
• 2 Samuel 12:28 lest I take the city
• 2 Samuel 17:15 thus and thus did Ahitophel counsel, and thus and thus יָעַצְתִּי אָנִי did I counsel

c. In later Hebrew it is sometimes pleonastic

• Ecclesiastes 2:11
• Ecclesiastes 2:15
• Ecclesiastes 2:18
• Ecclesiastes 2:20 +

d. In response to a question, alone = I am, It is I

• Genesis 27:24
• Judges 13:11
• 1 Kings 18:8 +

e. With הֲ הַאֲנִי

• Isaiah 66:9

(Synonym אָנֹכִי, quod vide [which see].)

¹ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew and Some Other Syntactical Questions, 3rd ed., Oxford, 1892.

Pronoun personal first person both singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0589:

No stats available

אלך אֵלֵךְ

I am walking

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

הלך

hâlak

Definition

to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)

Root

akin to H3212 (ילך); a primitive root;

Exhaustive

akin to ילך; a primitive root; to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively); (all) along, apace, behave (self), come, (on) continually, be conversant, depart, [phrase] be eased, enter, exercise (self), [phrase] follow, forth, forward, get, go (about, abroad, along, away, forward, on, out, up and down), [phrase] greater, grow, be wont to haunt, lead, march, [idiom] more and more, move (self), needs, on, pass (away), be at the point, quite, run (along), [phrase] send, speedily, spread, still, surely, [phrase] tale-bearer, [phrase] travel(-ler), walk (abroad, on, to and fro, up and down, to places), wander, wax, (way-) faring man, [idiom] be weak, whirl.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1980

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הָלַךְ

verb • Strongs / High • Page 401

An intransitive verb meaning to go, to walk, or to move forward in the widest sense. It applies to people, animals, and inanimate objects (e.g., a border extending, a report spreading, a ship sailing, the moon walking). The fundamental signification is varied by numerous prepositions indicating direction or manner, such as to go to/against (אֶל), to go with/accompany (עִם), to go after/follow (אַחֲרֵי), and to go before (לִפְנֵי).

הָלַךְ

verb • Root הלך • Strongs / High • Page 402

To go, to walk; to disappear, pass, retire; to stalk; also used as an auxiliary verb.

הָלַךְ

verb • Root הלך • Strongs / High • Page 755

to go to

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הָלַךְ

verb • Root הלך • Page 186

To go, in whatever manner; applied to things animate and inanimate (e.g., ark floating, boundary extending, report circulating). Various constructions include: (1) with accusative 'to go through' (Deut. 1:19); (2) with 'ב' 'to go with' (Ex. 10:9); (3) with 'עם' or 'את' 'to be conversant with' (Job 34:8); (4) with 'אַחֲרֵי' 'to go after, follow' (Gen. 24:5, 37:17).

הָלַךְ

verb • Root הלך • Page 187

To go, walk. (Continued senses on this page): 2. To walk, figuratively for to live. Ps. 15:2, Is. 33:15, Mic. 2:11. 3. To depart, to die. Gen. 15:2, Ps. 39:14. 4. To pass away, to perish. Ps. 78:39, Job 19:10, 14:20. 5. To run, flow (spoken of water). Is. 8:8, Joel 4:18, Ezek. 7:17, 21:12. 6. To go on, continue, last. Gen. 26:13, Judg. 4:24, 1 Sam. 14:19, 2 Sam. 5:10, 18:25, Gen. 8:3.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1980

I. הָלַךְ (approximate number of occurrences: 1545) verb — go, come, walk.

Cognates:

• Moabite ואהלך, לך
• Siloam Inscription וילכו
• Late Hebrew הִלֵּךְ (rare)
• Aramaic הֲלַךְ, הַךְ, Pa`el הַלֵּיךְ
• Palmyrene אתילכא
• Assyrian alâku
• Arabic هلك perish

— הָלַךְ Perfect 3masculine singular הָלַךְ Genesis 26:26 +; הָלָ֑ךְ 2 Samuel 8:6 +; 3 plural הָֽלְכוּ Genesis 14:24 +; (הֶ)הָֽלְכוּא Joshua 10:24; Imperfect rarely 3masculine singular יִהֲלֹךְ Jeremiah 9:3; 3feminine singular תִּהֲלַךְ Psalm 73:9; usually (629 times) as if from ילך: יֵלֵךְ Exodus 10:24 +; וַיֵּלֶךְ Genesis 12:4 +; Imperative rarely הֲלוֺךְ Proverbs 13:20; usually לֵךְ Genesis 26:16 +; לְכָה Genesis 19:32 +; Infinitive absolute הָלוֺךְ Genesis 8:3 +; construct לֶ֫כֶת Micah 6:8 +; Participle הֹלֵךְ Genesis 18:16 +; feminine הֹלְכָה Jeremiah 3:6.

I. Literal Meanings

1. Of persons

• a. Go, proceed, move, walk Genesis 22:6, 8; Exodus 17:5; Amos 3:3; opposed to sitting (ישׁב) Deuteronomy 6:7; Deuteronomy 11:19.
• b. Depart, go away Genesis 18:33 (Jehovist Source); Genesis 34:17 (Priests' Code); 1 Samuel 14:3; figurative of exile 1 Chronicles 5:41.
• c. Come, approach, arrive 1 Samuel 17:44; in prayer to Yahweh Psalm 80:3; Isaiah 55:1.
• d. With modifiers of space traversed Deuteronomy 1:19; with accusative דֶּרֶךְ Genesis 35:3; of time Deuteronomy 2:14; with preposition אֶל Genesis 22:3; with לְ idem 1 Kings 10:13.

2. Of animals

• Nahum 2:12 (prowling lions); 1 Samuel 6:12 (cows); Leviticus 11:20 (swarming things); of serpent Genesis 3:14.

3. Of inanimate things

• Of the ark Genesis 7:18; ships 1 Kings 22:49; streams (flowing) Ecclesiastes 1:7; figurative of knees Ezekiel 7:17; of fire Exodus 9:23; of pestilence Psalm 91:6; of fame Esther 9:4.

4. Infinitive absolute uses

• To emphasize duration: הָלוֺךְ וּבָכוֺ Jeremiah 50:4 (continually weeping); הָלוֺךְ וְגָעוֺ 1 Samuel 6:12; הָלוֺךְ וְגָדֵל Genesis 26:13 (growing greater and greater).

II. Figurative Meanings

1. Pass away, die

• Joshua 23:14 (Deuteronomic Source); 1 Kings 2:2; Ecclesiastes 1:4; Psalm 39:14.

2. Live, walk (in a general sense)

• Psalm 23:4 (walk in the valley of deep darkness); Psalm 84:8 (from strength to strength).

3. Of moral and religious life

• a. Walk in ways, counsels, or statutes: in a good sense Deuteronomy 8:6; 1 Kings 8:36; in his law Exodus 16:4. In a bad sense 2 Kings 21:21; Leviticus 18:3.
• b. Walk with: i.e., associate with God Malachi 2:6; Micah 6:8; or with the wicked Job 34:8.
• c. Walk before Yahweh: 1 Kings 2:4; 1 Kings 8:23.
• d. Walk after (follow): after Yahweh Deuteronomy 13:5; after other gods Deuteronomy 6:14; Jeremiah 7:6.

Niph`al

Perfect 1 singular נֶהֱלָ֑כְתִּי Psalm 109:23 — be gone.

Pi`el

— walk, go about, prowl: Perfect הִלַּכְּתִּי Job 30:28; Imperfect יְהַלֵךְ Ezekiel 18:9; Participle מְהַלֵךְ Proverbs 6:11.

Hithpa`el

— walk to and fro, traverse, live: Perfect הִתְהַלָּךְֿ Genesis 6:9; Imperative הִתְהַלַּךְ Genesis 17:1; Participle מִתְהַלֵּךְ Genesis 3:8.

Hiph`il

(treated as from ילך) — lead, bring, cause to flow: Perfect הוֺלִיךְ 2 Kings 24:15; Imperfect יוֺלִיךְ Ecclesiastes 10:20; Participle מוֺלִיךְ Jeremiah 2:6.

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (1896).

³ Heinrich Ewald, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache.

Verb Qal imperfect first person common singular

LXX: ἐπορεύθη ἐπορεύθησαν δεῦρο πορεύεσθαι ἀπῆλθεν

LXX Usage Statistics

H1980:

ἐπορεύθη 192× (11.4%)

ἐπορεύθησαν 77× (4.7%)

δεῦρο 53× (3.5%)

πορεύεσθαι 52× (3.0%)

ἀπῆλθεν 50× (3.0%)

πορευθῆναι 39× (2.3%)

πορεύου 35× (2.3%)

πορεύσονται 35× (2.2%)

πορεύσομαι 34× (2.2%)

ἐπορεύετο 33× (2.1%)

מאתך מֵאִתָּ֗ךְ

from your eternal self

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

את

ʼêth

Definition

properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc.

Root

probably from H579 (אנה);

Exhaustive

probably from אנה; properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc.; against, among, before, by, for, from, in(-to), (out) of, with. Often with another prepositional prefix.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H854

ך

Definition

you, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 2nd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9031

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵת

particle • Strongs_Numbers • Page 87

Particle used as a sign of the accusative, indicating the definite object of a verb; also used reflexively, or in designations of time and place. Occasionally interchangeable with other prepositions.

אֵת

substantive • Root אות • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

I. Proper substance, being, essence, body, self, essential. It is used as the sign of an accusative, or to give prominence to a noun as subject.

אֵת

preposition • Root אנה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

II. With; expressing fellowship or accompaniment. Properly side, support, lean upon.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Mattock, coulter of a plough, hoe, prop. anything cutting into.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Equivalent to אֵת III., of which it is merely a collateral form.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אוֹת or אֶת

sign of accusative case • Page 35

A sign of the accusative case.

אֶת

com. gen. chald. • Page 81

Equivalent to the Hebrew אוֹת (sign, miracle). Synonymous with תְּמַהּ. References: Dan. 3: 32, 33; 6: 28.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (fem.). In pause אָתְּ. Found in Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2. Also sometimes appears as a masculine form (Num. 11: 15; Ezek. 28: 14).

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (masc.). Equivalent to אַתָּה. Note: Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2.

אֵת

ii. particle • Page 81

A primitive particle and sign of the accusative case (with Makk. -אֶת; with suffixes אֹתִי, אֹתָנוּ, etc.). Often denotes the definite direct object but can appear in circumstances where other languages employ the nominative (with passive verbs, neuter verbs, or before a nominative subject). References: Gen. 17: 5; Ex. 10: 8; 1 Sam. 17: 34.

אֵת

i. m. subst. • Page 81

Ploughshare. Inflected in two ways as אֵתִים and אֵתִין. References: 1 Sam. 13: 20, 21; Is. 2: 4; Joel 4: 10 [3:10]. Its etymology is suggested to be related to the word מַחֲרֶשֶׁת.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H854

II. אֵת (preposition) with makkeph אֵת־, with suffix אִתִּי, אִתְּךָ, אִתְּכֶם etc. (also, however, אוֹתְךָ, אוֹתוֹ, and similarly מֵאוֹתְךָ, מֵאוֹתוֹ etc.), first in Joshua 10:25; Joshua 14:12, next 2 Samuel 24:24; then repeatedly (but not exclusively) 1 Kings 20 — 2 Kings 8, & in Jeremiah, Ezekiel, e.g. 1 Kings 20:25 (but 1 Kings 20:23 אִתָּם) 1 Kings 22:7,8,24 (beside מֵאִתִּי) 2 Kings 1:15; 2 Kings 3:11,12,26; 2 Kings 6:16 (beside מֵאִתּוֹ) 2 Kings 8:8; Jeremiah 2:35; Jeremiah 10:5; Jeremiah 16:8; Jeremiah 19:10; Jeremiah 20:11; Ezekiel 2:6; Ezekiel 10:17; Ezekiel 23:23; Ezekiel 37:26 (see below 1d; also Isaiah 59:21, contrast Genesis 17:4: on שָׁכַב אֵתָּה Genesis 34:2 and elsewhere, see below שָׁכַב, & compare Driver, Samuel, ii. 13, 14) preposition denoting proximity (synonym עִם; Phoenician את, e.g. Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum i. 3, 8 לא יכנ לם משכב את רפאם let there not be for them a resting-place with the shades; Assyrian itti (perhaps akin to ittu 'side,' Delitzsch, Prolegomena 115 Haupt Keilinschriftliche Bibliothek 2. 498; but compare Nöldeke Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft '86, 738 f.). Not found as yet in the other cognate languages: but compare Ethiopic አማርኛ 'enta, towards, which supports the view that אֵת is for 'int [compare תֵּת, תִּתִּי], perhaps from root אנה to meet Olshausen page 431 Prätorius Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft '73, 643 Lagarde Mitteilungen i. 226).

Cognates:

• Phoenician את
• Assyrian itti
• Ethiopic enta

1. Companionship and Proximity

Of companionship, together with: Genesis 6:13 behold, I destroy them אֵת־הָאָרֶץ together with the earth, Genesis 11:31; Genesis 12:4 + verbs of dwelling, abiding, going, etc., as Judges 1:3; Judges 14:11; Judges 19:4, & in the phrase הָעָם אֲשֶׁר אִתּוֹ Judges 4:13; Judges 7:1; Judges 9:33,48; 1 Samuel 14:20; 1 Samuel 30:4 etc.; thou, and thy sons אִתָּךְ וְ־ with thee Genesis 6:18; similarly (3rd person) Genesis 7:7,13; Genesis 8:18; Genesis 9:8 and elsewhere (character of Priests' Code: Driver, Introduction to Literature of Old Testament 124); הִתְהַלֶּךְ אֵת־הָאֱלֹהִים to walk with God, i.e. to have him as a companion (that is, by adopting a course of life pleasing to him) Genesis 5:22,24; Genesis 6:9 (compare הִתְהַלֶּךְ אֵת literal 1 Samuel 25:15); — by the side of, like Isaiah 45:9, equally with Leviticus 26:39, in common with Jeremiah 23:28 b (compare עִם 1e, f).

a. With for the purpose of help

• Numbers 14:9 אִתָּנוּ וְיָה, Joshua 14:12 (אוֹתִי, as Jeremiah 20:11) Judges 1:19; 2 Kings 6:16; 2 Kings 9:32 מִי אִתִּי מִי who is on my side, who? כִּי אִתְּךָ אֲנִי Isaiah 43:5; Jeremiah 1:18,19 +; Isaiah 63:3; Psalm 12:5 our lips are with us, on our side; in the phrase אֵת יָד מִמֶּנִי 2 Samuel 14:19; 2 Kings 15:19; Jeremiah 26:24; נָשָׂא אֵת to bear together with, i.e. to assist Exodus 18:22; Numbers 11:17.
• Exceptionally, = with the help of: Genesis 4:1 for I have gotten a man עִם אֵתִי with the help of יָה (compare עִם 1 Samuel 14:45) Genesis 49:25 (where, however, the parallelism, & versions favour וְאֵל שַׁדַּי for וְאֵת שַׁדַּי) Micah 3:8; compare Esther 9:29.

b. Beside (German neben)

• Genesis 39:6 לֹא יָדַע אִתּוֹ מְאֻמָה he knew not with him, beside him, aught (i.e. Joseph managed everything), Genesis 39:8; Exodus 20:23 לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ אִתִּי ye shall not make (aught) beside me.

c. Beside = in the presence of (rare)

• Genesis 20:16 b and before all thou shalt be righted, Isaiah 30:8; Micah 6:1.

d. Of intercourse of different kinds with another, e.g. after verbs of making a covenant or contract, or (less often) of speaking or dealing

• (α) Genesis 9:9; Genesis 15:18; Genesis 17:4 (Ezekiel 16:60; Isaiah 59:21 - אוֹת) Joshua 10:4; 1 Kings 3:1 etc.; compare 1 Samuel 2:13 (but here הַכֹּהֵן מֵאֵת is probably to be read with versions, compare Deuteronomy 18:3).
• (β) Genesis 17:3; Genesis 42:30 דִּבֶּר אִתָּנוּ קָשׁוּת, 1 Kings 8:15; Psalm 109:2, & especially in Jeremiah and Ezekiel (as Jeremiah 1:16; Jeremiah 4:12 [Jeremiah 52:9 אִתּוֹ] Jeremiah 5:5; Jeremiah 12:1; Ezekiel 2:1; Ezekiel 3:22,24,27; Ezekiel 14:4; Ezekiel 44:5 — all - אוֹת); Genesis 24:49 to perform kindness אֵת (עִם is here more general), 2 Samuel 16:17 זֶה חַסְדְּךָ אֵת־רֵעֶךָ, Ruth 2:20; Zechariah 7:9; Jonah 1:27 וְאֵתָּה עָשִׂיתָ אִתִּי רָעָה, Deuteronomy 1:30; Deuteronomy 10:21; 1 Samuel 12:7 b, (- אוֹת) Jeremiah 21:2; Jeremiah 33:9; Ezekiel 7:27; Ezekiel 16:59; Ezekiel 22:14; Ezekiel 23:25,29; Ezekiel 39:24; absolute Ezekiel 17:17; Ezekiel 20:44; Psalm 109:21; Zephaniah 3:19.
• (γ) in a pregnant sense, (in dealing) with, i.e. towards (rare): Isaiah 66:14; Psalm 67:2 יָאֵר מָנוֹ אִתָּנוּ make his face to shine with (= toward) us (varied from Numbers 6:25) Deuteronomy 28:8; faithful with Psalm 78:8 (compare Psalm 78:37 נָכוֹן עִם); Ezekiel 2:6 (אוֹתְּךָ); Judges 16:15 וְלִבְּךָ אֵינֶן אִתִּי.
• (δ) often with verbs of fighting, striving, contending, as Genesis 14:2,8,9; Numbers 20:13; Isaiah 45:9; a Isaiah 50:8; Psalm 35:1; Proverbs 23:11; with בָּא בְּמִשְׁפָּט Psalm 143:2 (Isaiah 3:14 and elsewhere עִם).

2. Of Localities

Especially in the phrase אֲשֶׁר אֵת describing a site: Judges 3:19; Judges 4:11 אֲשֶׁר אֵת־קֶדֶשׁ which is near Kedesh, 1 Kings 9:26; 2 Kings 9:27 (compare עִם 2, which is commoner in this sense); Ezekiel 43:8; Exodus 33:21 הִנֵּה מָקוֹם אִתִּי. Perhaps, anomalously, 1 Samuel 7:16 at or by all those places (but see Driver); in 2 Samuel 15:23 עַל־מְנִי דֶּרֶךְ אֵת־הַמִּדְבָּר, אֵת = towards is against analogue: read with versions עַל־מָנוֹ דֶּרֶךְ הַזִּית אֲשֶׁר בַּמִּדְבָּר; 1 Kings 9:25 אִתּוֹ beside it (that is, the altar); but עָלָיו 1 Kings 13:1 etc. would be idiomatic, & for אִתּוֹ אֲשֶׁר Klo proposes plausibly אֵת־אֲשֶׁר (see Exodus 30:20).

3. Special Denotation of Possession or Keeping

אֵת מִמֶּנִי denotes specially,

a. In one's possession or keeping

• Genesis 27:15; Genesis 30:29 thou knowest אֵת אֲשֶׁר הָיָה מִקְנֶךָ אִתִּי how thy cattle fared with me, Genesis 30:33; Leviticus 5:23; Leviticus 19:13; Deuteronomy 15:3; Judges 17:2; 1 Samuel 9:7 מַה אִתָּנוּ = what have we? 1 Samuel 25:29; Isaiah 49:4 my right is with Jehovah (contrast Isaiah 40:27), Jeremiah 8:8; Psalm 38:11 the light of mine eyes also אֵינֶנִּי אִתִּי i.e. is gone from me, Proverbs 3:28; Proverbs 8:18; in his power, Jeremiah 10:5 הֲיִטִּיב אֵינֶנִּי אוֹתָם is not in their power, perhaps Psalm 12:5. A dream, or the word of יָה, is said to be אֵת with a prophet, 2 Kings 3:12; Jeremiah 23:28; Jeremiah 27:18. Metaphorically of a mental quality, Proverbs 11:2; Proverbs 13:10.

b. In one's knowledge or memory

• Isaiah 59:12 מְשַׁעֵינוּ אִתָּנוּ our transgressions are with us, i.e. present to our minds ("" וַעֲוֹנוֹתֵינוּ יְדַעֲנוּם), Job 12:3 אֵת־מִי אֵינֶנִּי כְּמוֹ־אֵלָּה with whom are not (i.e. who knoweth not?) things like these? Job 14:5 אִתְּךָ i.e. known to thee, Proverbs 2:1; Genesis 40:14; Jeremiah 12:3 (Ewald Gesenius towards thee, as 1d γ). So אִם־יֵשׁ מִי־אִתְּנַפְשְׁכֶם Genesis 23:8 [2 Kings 9:15 אֵת alone], אֵת־לְבַבְּךָ 2 Kings 10:15. Compare עִם 4b, which is more frequent in this sense.

4. From Proximity With

מֵאֵת (מֵאִתִּי, etc.; also - מֵאוֹת) from proximity with (like Greek παρά with a Genitive, From de chez; in Syriac, Arabic لع, corresponding synonym מֵעִם; see below). Coupled almost always with persons (contrast מֵעִם, a).

a. With verbs of buying, taking, sending, etc.

• With קָנָה to buy Genesis 25:10 + often (compare Genesis 17:27); לָקַח Genesis 42:24; Exodus 25:2; Leviticus 25:36; Numbers 17:17 + often; נָשָׂא Psalm 24:5; שָׁלַח, as Genesis 8:8 וַיְשַׁלֵּחַ אֵת־הַיּוֹנָה מֵאִתּוֹ and he sent forth the dove from with him Genesis 26:27; הָלַךְ Genesis 26:31; 1 Kings 18:12; 1 Kings 20:36; Jeremiah 9:1, of a wife deserting her husband Judges 19:2 וַתִּתֵּן מֵאִתּוֹ, Jeremiah 3:1 (compare Isaiah 57:8); with simile words Genesis 38:1; Deuteronomy 2:8; 1 Kings 11:23; Jeremiah 2:37 (see Exodus 5:20); Isaiah 54:10; Psalm 66:20; with שָׁאַל Judges 1:14; 1 Kings 2:16; Psalm 27:4 +, שָׁמַע 1 Kings 22:7 and elsewhere, דָּרַשׁ 1 Kings 22:8 and elsewhere, הָלַךְ Genesis 26:31; 1 Kings 18:12; 1 Kings 20:36; Jeremiah 9:1, of a wife deserting her husband Judges 19:2 וַתִּתֵּן מֵאִתּוֹ, Jeremiah 3:1 (compare Isaiah 57:8); with simile words Genesis 38:1; Deuteronomy 2:8; 1 Kings 11:23; Jeremiah 2:37 (see Exodus 5:20); Isaiah 54:10; Psalm 66:20; with שָׁאַל Judges 1:14; 1 Kings 2:16; Psalm 27:4 +, שָׁמַע 1 Kings 22:7 and elsewhere, דָּרַשׁ 1 Kings 22:8 and elsewhere.
• — אֵת מִמֶּנִי מִמֶּנִי Genesis 27:30; Genesis 43:34; Exodus 10:11; Job 2:7; Leviticus 10:4 (הַקֹּדֵשׁ), 2 Kings 16:14 (הַבַּיִת).

b. Of rights or dues, handed over from, given on the part of, any one

• Genesis 47:22 חֹק מֵאֵת מַרְעֵה; often in Priests' Code, as Genesis 23:20; Exodus 27:21 a perpetual due מֵאֵת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל from, or on the part of, the children of Israel, Leviticus 7:34; b Leviticus 24:8; Numbers 3:9; Numbers 7:84 +; Deuteronomy 18:3; 1 Samuel 2:13 (versions; see 1d) 2 Samuel 15:3 וְשֹׁמֵעַ אֵינֶנִּי לְּךָ מֵאֵת הַמֶּלֶךְ but there is none to hear thee deputed of the king, 1 Kings 5:14.

c. Expressing origination

• 1 Kings 1:27 אִם מֵאֵת אֲדֹנִי הַמֶּלֶךְ הָיְתָה. Especially אֵת מִמֶּנִי יָה — of a concrete object proceeding from him: Genesis 19:24 (brimstone), Numbers 11:31 (a wind), Numbers 16:35 (fire), 1 Samuel 16:14 (evil spirit), Isaiah 38:7 (a sign), Jeremiah 51:53 (wasters), Micah 5:6 (dew); of wrath Zechariah 7:12 (compare Numbers 17:11), teaching Isaiah 51:4, the word of prophecy Jeremiah 7:1 (so Jeremiah 11:1; Jeremiah 18:1 Jeremiah) Jeremiah 37:17; Ezekiel 33:30; with 'have I((we) heard' Isaiah 21:10; Isaiah 28:22; Jeremiah 49:14 (= Obadiah 1:1); of an event, or phase of history Joshua 11:20 הָיְתָה אֵת מִמֶּנִי יָה it came of יָה to..., 1 Kings 12:24; Habakkuk 2:13; Psalm 118:23 הָיְתָה זֹאת אֵת מִמֶּנִי יָה (versions παρά Κυρίου) Ezra 9:8; Nehemiah 6:16; of trouble (רָעָה) 2 Kings 6:33; Micah 1:12 (יָרַד); of a good or evil lot, having its source in יָה Jeremiah 13:25; Isaiah 54:17; Psalm 109:20, compare Job 2:10; Psalm 22:26 מֵאִתְּךָ תְּהִלָּתִי from thee cometh my praise (thou art the source of it); Isaiah 44:24 Qere מֵאִתִּי of myself (compare ἀπ᾽ ἐμαυτοῦ John 5:30; Kt is מִי אִתִּי who was with me?), Isaiah 54:15 אֵפֶס מֵאוֹתִי not at my instance (compare לֹא מִמֶּנִּי Isaiah 30:1, לֹא מִמֶּנִּי Hosea 8:4).

d. Of a place

• 1 Kings 6:33 (corrupt: read with versions מְזוּזוֹת רְבֻעוֹת, & compare Ezekiel 41:21).

Note. אֵת expresses closer association than עִם: hence while מֵעִם sometimes denotes hardly more than from the surroundings or belongings of, מֵאֵת expresses from close proximity to. Thus Saul asks, מִי הָלַךְ מֵעִמָּנוּ who has gone from (those) about us? but Jacob, speaking of the loss of Joseph, says, Genesis 44:28 וַיֵּצֵא הָאֶחָד מֵאִתִּי and the one is gone from with me. מֵאֵת is accordingly preferred to מֵעִם in the sense of origination or authorship; מֵאֵת is not usual in the sense of מֵעִם c, nor מֵעִם in the sense of מֵאֵת b.

¹ K. Albrecht, Studien zu den Passah-Massoth-Gesetzen im Pentateuch, Berlin, 1911.

² Compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar §90, §3b, §96.

³ M. Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik, Göttingen, 1898.

⁴ D. H. Müller, Die Mehri- und Soqotri-Sprache, Vienna, 1902.

⁵ Versions (e.g., Septuagint, Vulgate).

⁶ Jehovist Source.

Prep-M, Direct object eternal self, Suffix pronominal second person masculine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0854:

No stats available

ורוח וְרוּחַ

and the spirit

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

רוח

rûwach

Definition

wind; by resemblance breath, i.e. a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the sky; by resemblance spirit, but only of a rational being (including its expression and functions)

Root

from H7306 (רוח);

Exhaustive

from רוח; wind; by resemblance breath, i.e. a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the sky; by resemblance spirit, but only of a rational being (including its expression and functions); air, anger, blast, breath, [idiom] cool, courage, mind, [idiom] quarter, [idiom] side, spirit(-ual), tempest, [idiom] vain, (whirl-) wind(-y).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7307

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רוּחַ

verb • Root רוח • Strongs / High • Page 1325

To be extended, wide, broad, roomy; to be well, unrestrained, alleviated, easy, refreshed.

רוּחַ

verb • Root רוח • Strongs / High • Page 1326

(Kal unused) intr. To breathe, to blow (of wind); to smell, of plants and scents; hence sometimes to breathe, to draw breath, generally to live and move; also fig. to have or feel pleasure in it, to perceive, to smell.

רוּחַ

verb • Root רוח • Strongs / High • Page 1326

(II. not used) intr. to go, to wander; adopted for יָרַח, יָרַד and the proper name יָרִיחַ (wanderer).

רוּחַ

noun feminine / m. • Root רוח • Strongs / High • Page 1326

1. The blowing, air, wind (breeze or storm); quarter, region, district (Metaphor). 2. The breath (often associated with anger/wrath, or word/oracle) or quick vanishing breath/nothingness/vanity. 3. Breath of life, animal life, anima, spirit (including sensuous feelings, passions, or moving force/restlessness).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רוּחַ

hiph. • Page 610

To smell. See רֵיחַ

רוּחַ

com. gen. • Page 610

1. Wind, air in motion (Gen. 8:1; Job 1:19); also the four quarters of heaven (Ezek. 37:9). 2. A breathing or exhalation; a breath (Job 7:7), creative power (Ps. 33:6), or vital breath in men and animals (Gen. 6:17). 3. A snuffing (of the nose), hence anger (Judg. 8:3). 4. The anima or animal soul, the vital principle (1 Sam. 30:12; Judg. 15:19).

רוּחַ

noun feminine • Page 611

The spirit, considered as coming from God; metaphorically a principle of life (Ezek. 10:17). The rational soul (animus), mind, intellect (Gen. 41:8). Inclination or disposition (Num. 5:14, Hos. 4:12). The Spirit of God or Jehovah, denoting life-giving power in men and nature (Gen. 1:3, Ps. 104:30), and the source of extraordinary gifts and prophecy (Num. 24:2, 1 Sam. 10:6).

רוּחַ

chald. n. • Page 611

1. wind. 2. a spirit.

רוּחַ

verb • Page 611

To be or become wide. Impers. 'I find room, I am relieved' (Job 32:20). Pu. מְרֻוָּח: wide, spacious (Jer. 22:14).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7307

I. רוּחַ (approximate number of occurrences: 378) noun feminine (less often masculine) — breath, wind, spirit.

— רוּחַ absolute Genesis 8:1 +, ר֑וּחָה Jeremiah 52:23; construct רוּחַ Genesis 6:17 +; suffix רוּחִי Genesis 6:3 +, רוּחֲךָ Psalm 104:30 + etc.; plural רוּחוֺת Psalm 104:4 +, רֻחוֺת Jeremiah 49:36, רוּחֹת Numbers 16:22; Numbers 26:16 (see Briggs¹, full statement of all passages).

1. Breath of mouth or nostrils

a. Literally

• רוּחַ מִּיו Job 15:30, compare Job 19:17
• רוּחַ אַמֵּינוּ Lamentations 4:20 (figurative of king)
• Of idols: לֹא רוּחַ בָּם Jeremiah 10:14, Jeremiah 51:17, Habakkuk 2:19, Psalm 135:17
• Compare Job 9:18

b. As mere breath (compare 2.e.)

• דִּבְרֵי רוּחַ Job 16:3 (windy words)
• נוֺאָשׁ לְרוּחַ אִמְרֵי Job 6:26
• הַנְּבִיאִים יִהְיוּ לְרוּחַ Jeremiah 5:13

c. As word of command

• Of God: בְּרוּחַ מִּיו כָּל צְבָאָם Psalm 33:6, compare Isaiah 34:16 (+ מֶּה)
• Of Messianic king: בְּרוּחַ שְׂפָתָיו יָמִית רָשָׁע Isaiah 11:4

d. As hard breathing in anger

• Of God: Job 4:9; Exodus 15:8; 2 Samuel 22:16 = Psalm 18:16; Isaiah 30:28, Isaiah 59:19
• Of man: רוּחַ עָרִיצִים Isaiah 25:4

e. As sign and symbol of life

• רוּחַ חַיִּים Genesis 6:17, Genesis 7:15 (Priests' Code)
• נִשְׁמַת רוּחַ חַיִּים בְּאַמָּיו Genesis 7:22 (Priests' Code)
• Ezekiel 37:5, 37:6, 37:8, 37:9, 37:10, 37:14; Ecclesiastes 3:19

2. Wind

a. Wind of heaven

• Genesis 8:1 (Priests' Code); Exodus 15:10 (Elohist Source); Numbers 11:31 (Yahwist Source); 1 Kings 18:45
• רוּחַ יהוה Hosea 13:15; Isaiah 40:7, compare Job 26:13
• רוּחַ הַקָּדִים (east wind): Exodus 10:13, Exodus 14:21 (Yahwist Source); Psalm 48:8; Jeremiah 18:17; Ezekiel 17:10, 19:12, 27:26; Jonah 4:8
• רוּחַ צָפוֺן (north wind): Proverbs 25:23
• רוּחַ יָם (west wind): Exodus 10:19 (Yahwist Source)
• רוּחַ הַיּוֺם (evening wind): Genesis 3:8 (Yahwist Source), compare Song of Solomon 2:17, 4:6
• אַרְבַּע רוּחוֺת (four winds): Jeremiah 49:36, Ezekiel 37:9, Daniel 8:8, 11:4, Zechariah 2:10, 6:5
• רוּחַ סְעְרָה (storm wind): Psalm 107:25, 148:8, Ezekiel 1:4, 13:11, 13:13
• Wind personified: כַּנְפֵי רוּחַ 2 Samuel 22:11 = Psalm 18:11; Psalm 104:3, 104:4, compare Hosea 4:19

b. Quarter (of wind), side

• רוּחַ הַקָּדִים (east side): Ezekiel 42:16
• רוּחַ הַצָּפוֺן (north side): Ezekiel 42:17
• רוּחַ הַדָּרוֺם (south side): Ezekiel 42:18
• רוּחַ הַיָּם (west side): Ezekiel 42:19
• אַרְבַּע רוּחוֺת (four sides): Ezekiel 42:20, 1 Chronicles 9:24
• ר֑וּחָה (on the sides): Jeremiah 52:23

c. Breath of air

• שָׁאֲפוּ רוּחַ כַּתַּנִּים Jeremiah 14:6
• רוּחַ לֹא יָבֹא בֵּינֵיהֶם Job 41:8

d. Air or gas

• כְּמוֺ יָלַדְנוּ רוּחַ Isaiah 26:18
• רוּחֲכֶם אֵשׁ תֹּאכַלְכֶם Isaiah 33:11

e. Vain, empty thing

• רוּחַ Job 7:7
• דַּעַת רוּחַ Job 15:2
• רְעוּת רוּחַ (striving for wind): Ecclesiastes 1:14, 2:11, 4:4, 6:9 etc.

3. Spirit (Animation or Temper)

As that which breathes quickly in animation or agitation = temper, disposition (76 t.; so, distinctively, as compared with נֶפֶשׁ and לֵבָב):

a. Animation, vivacity, vigour

• 1 Kings 10:5, 2 Chronicles 9:4
• Genesis 45:27 (Elohist Source); Judges 15:19; 1 Samuel 30:12

b. Courage

• Joshua 5:1, 2:11; Psalm 76:13, 77:4, 142:4; Isaiah 19:3

c. Temper, especially anger

• Judges 9:23, 8:3; Proverbs 16:32, 25:28, 29:11; Zechariah 6:8

d. Impatience or patience

• קֹצֶר רוּחַ Exodus 6:9 (Priests' Code); אֶרֶךְ רוּחַ Ecclesiastes 7:8
• Compare Micah 2:7; Proverbs 14:29; Job 21:4

e. Spirit as troubled or bitter

• Genesis 41:8 (Elohist Source); Daniel 2:1, 2:3; Genesis 26:35 (Priests' Code)
• עֲצוּבַת רוּחַ Isaiah 54:6

f. As crushed

• Ezekiel 21:12; Isaiah 61:3; Proverbs 15:4, 15:13, 17:22; Psalm 143:7

g. Unaccountable impulse

• 1 Chronicles 5:26; Ezra 1:1, 1:5; Jeremiah 51:11; Haggai 1:14
• רוּחַ קִנְאָה (jealous disposition): Numbers 5:14, 5:30
• רוּחַ עִוְעִים Isaiah 19:14; רוּחַ מִשְׁמָּט Isaiah 28:6

h. Prophetic spirit

• Numbers 27:18 (Priests' Code); 2 Kings 2:9, 2:15
• רוּחַ תַּרְדֵמָה (spirit of deep sleep): Isaiah 29:10
• רוּחַ הַטֻמְאָה Zechariah 13:2

4. Spirit of the living being

Dwelling in the בָּשָׂר of men and animals, idem נֶפֶשׁ (25 t.):

a. Gift and creation of God

• Zechariah 12:1; Job 27:3; Isaiah 42:5

b. God preserves it

• Job 10:12, 12:10; Numbers 16:22, 27:16 (Priests' Code)

c. God's spirit

• Genesis 6:3 (Yahwist Source)

d. Departs at death

• Psalm 78:39, 104:29, 146:4
• Ecclesiastes 8:8, 12:7; Psalm 31:6

e. Disembodied being

• Job 4:15 (dubious)

5. Spirit as seat of emotion

a. Desire

• Isaiah 26:9 (idem נֶפֶשׁ)

b. Sorrow or trouble

• Job 7:11; 1 Samuel 1:15

6. Seat or organ of mental acts

Idem לֵב, or synonym with it:

• רוּחַ חָכְמָה Exodus 28:3, Deuteronomy 34:9 (Priests' Code)
• תּעֵי רוּחַ Isaiah 29:24; Ezekiel 11:5, 20:32; 1 Chronicles 28:12

7. Of the will

• רוּחַ נָכוֺן Psalm 51:12
• רוּחַ נְדִיבָה Psalm 51:14; Exodus 35:21 (Priests' Code)

8. Moral character

Idem לֵב:

• רוּחַ חֲדָשָׁה Ezekiel 11:19, 18:31, 36:26
• דַּכְּאֵי רוּחַ Psalm 34:19; שְׁפַל רוּחַ Proverbs 16:19

9. Spirit of God

(94 t.; not D or Jeremiah; conception of its activity in inspiring prophecy):

a. Inspiring ecstatic prophecy

• Numbers 11:17, 11:25, 11:29 (Yahwist Source)
• 1 Samuel 10:6, 19:20; 1 Kings 22:21
• As רוּחַ רָעָה (evil spirit from God): 1 Samuel 16:14, 16:15, 16:23, 18:10
• In Ezekiel: Ezekiel 2:2, 3:12, 8:3, 11:1, 37:1

b. Impelling prophets to utter instruction

• Numbers 24:2; 2 Samuel 23:2; Zechariah 7:12; Nehemiah 9:30; Joel 3:1

c. Imparting warlike energy or administrative power

• To Judges/Kings: Judges 3:10, 6:34, 11:29, 13:25; 1 Samuel 11:6, 16:13
• To Messianic king/servant: Isaiah 11:2, 42:1

d. Endowing with technical skill or understanding

• Exodus 31:3, 35:31 (Priests' Code); Job 32:8; Proverbs 1:23

e. Energy of life

• Genesis 1:2 (Priests' Code); Job 33:4; Ezekiel 1:12, 39:29

f. Divine Presence

• רוּחַ קָדְשׁוֺ (His holy spirit): Isaiah 63:10, 63:11; Psalm 51:13
• Omnipresence: Psalm 139:7

¹ C. A. Briggs, "The Use of רוח in the Old Testament", Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol. 19, No. 2 (1900), pp. 132–145.

Conjunction, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: πνεῦμα πνεύματι πνεύματοσ πνεῦμά ἄνεμον

LXX Usage Statistics

H7307:

πνεῦμα 169× (43.2%)

πνεύματι 31× (7.3%)

πνεύματοσ 27× (7.1%)

πνεῦμά 21× (4.9%)

ἄνεμον 14× (3.7%)

ἄνεμοσ 9× (2.2%)

ἀνέμου 7× (1.9%)

'' 6× (1.4%)

ἀνέμουσ 6× (1.7%)

--- 5× (1.4%)

יהוה׀ יְהוָה׀

He Is

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יהוה

Yᵉhôvâh

Definition

Jehovah, Jewish national name of God

Root

from H1961 (היה); (the) self-Existent or Eternal;

Exhaustive

from היה; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of God; Jehovah, the Lord. Compare יה, יהוה.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3068

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יְהֹוָה

noun masculine • Root יהה • Strongs / High • Page 590

A pre-Mosaic old Semitic name of the supreme God, which was specially revealed for the older אֵל at the establishment of the Mosaic religion, as an abstract of all divine greatness and holiness.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יְהֹוָה

proper name • Page 275

The proper name of the deity among the ancient Hebrews. Interpreted as 'the eternal, unchangeable, true' or 'he who is as he shall be.' The text discusses various ancient pronunciations (IAΩ, IABE, IETΩ) and its derivation from the future of הָיָה.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3068

I. יהוה (approximate number of occurrences: 6823) i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity — Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel.

Cognates and Origins:

• Babylonian יהו (claimed by Delitzsch^{Dl Pa 162 ff.}, disputed by Kuenen and Jastrow)
• Egyptian etymology (proposed by Spiegelberg^{ZMG liii 633 ff.}, considered improbable)
• Moabite Stone יהוה as the name of Israel's God (MI¹⁸)

— יהוה Masoretic Text יְהוָֺה (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהוִֺה (Qr אֱלֹהִים) in combinations אדני יהוה; with prepositions בַּיהוָֺה, לַיהוָֺה, מֵיהוָֺה. Pronunciation Jehovah was unknown until 1520 (Galatinus). The traditional Ἰαβέ (Theodoret) and contracted form יָהּ favour the pronunciation יַהְוֶה (compare יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Psalm 74:6).

1. Etymology and Meaning

a. Hiphil theories (The Giver of Being)

• The one bringing into being, life-giver (Schrader)
• Giver of existence, creator (Kuenen, Tiele)
• He who causes to fall, i.e., rain or lightning (Robertson Smith)

b. Qal theories (The Existing One)

• The absolute and unchangeable one (Riehm)
• The existing, ever living (Dillmann)
• The one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption (Delitzsch)

2. Source Analysis and Usage

a. In the Hexateuch

• Elohist Source (E): Not used in Genesis; revealed at Horeb (Exodus 3:12–15) and explained as אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה "I shall be the one who will be with thee."
• Priests' Code (P): Abstains from use until the revelation to Moses (Exodus 6:3).
• Yahwist Source (J): Uses the name from the beginning of the narrative (Genesis 2:4).

b. In later literature

• Common in pre-exilic writers; falls into disuse post-exile, supplanted by אלהים and אדני.
• Job: Used in prose parts and once in the poem (Job 12:9).
• Ecclesiastes: Not used at all.

3. Syntactic Combinations

a. With אלהים and suffixes

• With אֱלֹהֶיךָ: Exodus 20:2–12 (Ten Words); Deuteronomy 5:6–16; in Deuteronomy (234 times).
• With אֱלֹהֵיכֶם: In Deuteronomy (46 times); Holiness Code (15 times); Joel 2:13.
• With אֱלֹהֵינוּ: Exodus 3:18; Psalm 20:8; Daniel 9:10, 13, 14.
• With אלהים (later editors): Genesis 2:4b; Jonah 4:6.

b. The phrase אֲנִי יהוה ("I am Yahweh")

• As a formula of revelation or authority: Exodus 6:2, 29 (Priests' Code).
• In the recognition formula ("that ye may know"): Exodus 7:5; Ezekiel 6:7 (and 48 times in Ezekiel).
• In the Holiness Code as an emphatic close: Leviticus 18:5, 6, 21; Leviticus 19:12, 14, 16.

c. In compound place names

• יהוה יראה (Yahweh-jireh): Genesis 22:14 (Yahwist Source).
• יהוה נסי (Yahweh-nissi): Exodus 17:15 (Elohist Source).
• יהוה שׁלים (Yahweh-shalom): Judges 6:24.
• יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה (Yahweh-shammah): Ezekiel 48:35.

¹ Philo, de Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529.

² Friedrich Böttcher, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Bö § 88).

³ Paul de Lagarde, Symmicta (Lag Sym i.14).

⁴ Samuel Rolles Driver, Studia Biblica (Dr Stud.Bib.i.1 ff.).

⁵ Eberhard Schrader, Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament (COT).

Noun proper name

LXX: κύριοσ κυρίου κυρίῳ κύριον κύριε

LXX Usage Statistics

H3068:

κύριοσ 2605× (41.8%)

κυρίου 1742× (27.8%)

κυρίῳ 598× (8.8%)

κύριον 473× (7.1%)

κύριε 336× (5.4%)

--- 129× (2.1%)

'' 95× (1.3%)

θεὸσ 76× (1.0%)

θεοῦ 69× (0.9%)

θεῷ 28× (0.4%)

ישאך יִשָּׂאֲךָ

he is lifting yourself up

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נשא

nâsâʼ

Definition

to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative

Root

or נסה; (Psalm 4:6 (H7 (אבד))), a primitive root;

Exhaustive

or נסה; (Psalm 4:6 (אבד)), a primitive root; to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative; accept, advance, arise, (able to, (armor), suffer to) bear(-er, up), bring (forth), burn, carry (away), cast, contain, desire, ease, exact, exalt (self), extol, fetch, forgive, furnish, further, give, go on, help, high, hold up, honorable ([phrase] man), lade, lay, lift (self) up, lofty, marry, magnify, [idiom] needs, obtain, pardon, raise (up), receive, regard, respect, set (up), spare, stir up, [phrase] swear, take (away, up), [idiom] utterly, wear, yield.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5375

ך

Definition

you, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 2nd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9031

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָשָׂא

verb • Root נשא • Strongs / High • Page 755

to lift, carry; give

נָשָׂא

verb • Root נשא • Strongs / High • Page 991

To stretch up, to raise up, to make ascend. Intr. to extend upward, to rise high, to grow, to be projecting, prominent, stretched out. Hence: 1. to raise the feet for walking; to lift up the hand in swearing; to entreat, pray; to lift up the head; to rise in repute, riches, dignity; to lift up the countenance, i.e. to walk along with face raised; to lift up the eyes, i.e. to look at, to behold.

נָשָׂא

verb qal • Root נשא • Strongs / High • Page 994

IV. (Kal unused) tr. same as נָשָׁה III. to extend, to stretch out, to widen.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָשָׂא

verb • Page 458

1. To lift or raise up (Gen. 7:17). (1.) To lift up the eyes (Gen. 13:10). (2.) To lift up the hand, as an oath (Ex. 6:8) or against someone (2 Sam. 20:21). (3.) To raise one's heart to long for something (Deut. 24:15). (4.) To lift up the head of anyone, to exalt or release from prison (2 K. 25:27). (5.) To lift up the voice, as in weeping or rejoicing (Gen. 27:38, Is. 24:14). (6.) To utter, speak (Ex. 20:7). (7.) To begin.

נְשָׂא

verb • Root נשא • Page 460

Chald. 1. to take. Ezra 5: 15. 2. to take or carry away, spoken of the wind. Dan. 2: 35.

נִשָּׂא

verb • Root נשא • Page 459

1. To rise, to be raised up, to be elevated (Ezek. 1:19—21, Is. 2:2). 2. To be borne (Ex. 25:28), or to be carried away (2 K. 20:17).

נָשָׂא

verb • Root נשא • Page 459

To lift up, bear, or take. Meanings on this page include: (8) one's heart raises or excites him (Ex. 35:21); (9) to put or set on anything (Gen. 31:17); (10) to raise oneself, to rise (Ps. 89:10). (2) To bear fruit (Ezek. 17:8), to bear away (1 Sam. 17:34), to suffer (Is. 1:14), to bear guilt or sin (Lev. 5:1, 17), or to bring (as wind, 1 K. 10:11). (3) To take (Gen. 27:3), to accept/be gracious to a person (Gen. 32:21), to take away (Dan. 1:16), to take the number or sum (Ex. 30:12), or to receive (Ps. 24:5).

נָשָׁא

verb • Root נשא • Page 460

I. in Kal not used; perhaps to err, wander (kindred with נָשָׁה to forget.) Hiph. הִשִּׁיא to lead astray; hence 1. to deceive; 2 K. 18 : 29. 2. to seduce. Gen. 3: 13. Jer. 49: 16. Niph. to be deceived. Is. 19: 13.

נָשָׁא

verb • Root נשא • Page 460

II. i. q. נָשָׁה no. II. to lend on usury, Neh. 5: 7. Hiph. to press, spoken of a creditor. Ps. 89: 23.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5375

Aramaic

I. נְשָׂא (compare Biblical Hebrew; rare in Aramaic; see נְסִי, נְסָא¹) verb — lift, take, carry.

1. Pe`al
   • Perfect 3 masculine singular נְשָׂא Daniel 2:35 carry away (of wind, with accusative of thing)
   • Imperative masculine singular שֵׂא Ezra 5:15 take (accusative vessels)
2. Hithpa.
   • make a rising, an insurrection: Participle feminine singular מִתְנַשְּׂאָה Ezra 4:19, עַל person

נְשֵׁיהוֺן see [נָשִׁין] below II. אנשׁ.

¹ Jacob Levy, Chaldäisches Wörterbuch über die Targumim (1867) (ChWB); Neuhebräisches und Chaldäisches Wörterbuch über die Talmudim und Midraschim (1876–89) (NHWB).

Verb Qal imperfect third person masculine singular, Suffix pronominal second person masculine singular

LXX: λήμψεται αἴρων λήμψονται ἔλαβεν λαβὲ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5375:

λήμψεται 20× (3.0%)

αἴρων 20× (2.6%)

λήμψονται 17× (2.4%)

ἔλαβεν 16× (2.4%)

λαβὲ 16× (2.5%)

ἦρα 16× (2.4%)

ἔλαβον 16× (2.2%)

αἴροντεσ 16× (2.4%)

ἦραν 15× (2.1%)

ἀναβλέψασ 14× (2.0%)

על עַ֚ל

upon/against/yoke

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

על

ʻal

Definition

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Root

properly, the same as H5920 (על) used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as על used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications; above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5921

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַל

adjective / noun • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

Highest; same as עֶלְיוֹן. This form is abridged from עָלָה and derived from עָלַי (like יַד from יָדָה I.), serving as the construct form עֲלֵי (out of עֲלַאי).

עַל

preposition / adverb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

A preposition: upon, over, above, super, in the widest sense. It expresses protecting, covering, resting above upon (answering to 'where'); motion toward the upper surface (answering to 'whither?'); local direction to a more distant agency; or proximity/timing ('with, at'). Used figuratively as dat. commodi and incommodi, meaning a burden or duty upon one, or with certain verbs replacing the dative case. Also expresses motion down upon or up to, sometimes interchanging with אֶל.

עַל

preposition / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 1089

Preposition or Adverb meaning upon, over, at, above (denoting physical overtopping or mental superiority/dominion); expressing addition (to, reckoned to); proximity (by, around); suitability (according to); or occasionally used concessively (though, quanquam).

עַל

preposition / particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Properly, over, upon, concerning, notwithstanding, against, towards, for the sake of, on account of. Used to express position, antithesis, or distance (away from). After certain verbs, signifies giving way, removing, or fleeing. Also forms various compound particles (e.g., עַל-מָה, עַל-כֵּן, עַל אֲשֶׁר).

עַל

preposition (aramaic) • Root אלא • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew עַל. Means: Upon, over, on account of, unto, against, or dative. (Used with suffixes like עָלַי, עָלֵךְ, עֲלֵיהוֹן).

עַל

noun / prepos. • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה, listed as a noun and a preposition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַל

substantive / adverb / adjective • Root עלה • Page 507

Strictly a substantive meaning whatever is high or uppermost (Hos. 7:16, 11:7). Used as an adverb: (1.) 'above' (Gen. 27:39, 49:25; Ps. 50:4). Used as an adjective: (2.) 'high' (2 Sam. 23:1).

Preposition

LXX: ἐπὶ ἐπ' ἐφ' τοῦτο ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5921a:

ἐπὶ 1722× (33.1%)

ἐπ' 701× (13.4%)

ἐφ' 195× (3.7%)

τοῦτο 116× (1.9%)

'' 116× (1.9%)

περὶ 113× (2.2%)

ἀπὸ 108× (2.1%)

--- 108× (2.1%)

αὐτοὺσ 95× (1.6%)

εἰσ 93× (1.8%)

אשר אֲשֶׁר

who/which

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אשר

ʼăsher

Definition

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.

Root

a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number);

Exhaustive

a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number); who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.; [idiom] after, [idiom] alike, as (soon as), because, [idiom] every, for, [phrase] forasmuch, [phrase] from whence, [phrase] how(-soever), [idiom] if, (so) that ((thing) which, wherein), [idiom] though, [phrase] until, [phrase] whatsoever, when, where ([phrase] -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, [phrase] whither(-soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun expletively, used to show the connection.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H834

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֲשֶׁר

noun proper • Root אשיר אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Proper name of a city east of Shechem, on the border of Manasseh.

אֲשֶׁר

pronoun relative • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Relative pronoun: who, which; forming the relative in prose.

אֲשֶׁר

relative particle • Lemma_Lookup • Page 205

A relative particle or pronoun (who, which, that). It serves to connect a following clause with a preceding noun or pronoun. It can function as the subject or object within its clause (often supplemented by a pronominal suffix). In the accusative, it acts as a subordinate conjunction expressing relations of place (where, whither), time (when), and manner (as, that). It forms various compound conjunctions with prepositions, such as עַל אֲשֶׁר (wherefore, because), בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר (wherever), and כַּאֲשֶׁר (as).

אֲשֶׁר

pronoun relative / conjunction • Lemma_Lookup • Page 206

Relative pronoun and conjunction: that, which, where, so that, because, in order that. Used to express object and design, clauses relating to time (when), or causal relationships.

אֲשַׁר

verb • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 212

(not used) Aram. equivalent to Hebr אֶתֶר.

אֲשֻׁר

masc. / fem. • Root אשר אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

1. A tree, commonly sherbin-cedar, larch, or box-tree. 2. A step, walk.

אֶשֶׁר

noun masculine • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

Name of a tree; also the proper name of a city.

אֶשֶׁר

noun masculine / noun proper • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

Happy; used as a proper name Asher (son of Jacob and the tribe named after him).

אֶשֶׁר

noun masculine • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Fortune, happiness; hence as an interjection in the construct state: hail! happy!

אָשֵׁר

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

To be connected, united (equivalent to אָסַר).

אָשַׁר

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

To go about, run about; to go, to walk, to step along.

אָשַׁר

verb • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

To be united, by love, marriage, etc.; to be firm, strong, pressed together.

אָשַׁר

verb • Root ישר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

To be straight (even of a way); in a moral sense: to be right, honest, upright; to be prosperous, happy.

אָשַׁר

verb • Root עשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1143

(which see); Ar. the same, hence עָשִׁיר a spouse, an associate. Deriv. אֲשֵׁרָה, עֲשֵׁרָה, עָשִׁירָה.

אָשֻׁר

noun masculine • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Step, walk.

אֹשֶׁר

noun masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Prosperity.

אֻשַּׁר

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

To be led, guided.

אֲשֶׁר אַחֲרֵי־כֵן

adverbial phrase • Lemma_Lookup • Page 708

After that.

אֲשַׂרְאֵל

noun proper masculine • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 206

Proper noun, masculine. ('El is allied). Found in 1 Chr. 4, 16. Equivalent to the Phenician Osiris, an epithet of Ba'al.

אֲשַׂרְאֵלָה

noun proper masculine • Root אשר אלה • Lemma_Lookup • Page 206

Proper noun, masculine. Found in 1 Chr. 25, 2. A variant reading is יְשַׂרְאֵלָה (Jesharelah).

אֲשֵׁרָה

noun feminine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 206

Name of a Phenician goddess, sometimes identified with the Sidonian Astarte; also refers to the wooden image/pillar of the goddess standing beside the altar of Ba'al.

אָשֵׁרִי

adjective • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Gentile of Asher; Asherite.

אֲשְׂרִיאֵל

noun proper masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 207

Proper name of a man (Num. 26:31; Josh. 17:2).

אֲשֵׁרִים

noun masculine plural • Lemma_Lookup • Page 207

Male images of Baal, of wood, symbolising Baal as a generating power, and distinct from images of Ashera.

אֻשַּׁרְנָא

noun masculine (aramaic) • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 207

A wall (Ezr. 5:3), properly a firm thing. Formed from אָשַׁר with the termination na.

אֲשֶׁר עַל־הַבַּיִת

phrase • Lemma_Lookup • Page 238

head of the palace, minister of the court

אֶת־אֲשֶׁר

relative phrase • Lemma_Lookup • Page 87

the person whom or the thing which

כַּאֲשֶׁר

conjunction • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 669

as, when, according as, since.

תְּלַאשַּׂר

unknown • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1515

see תְּלָאשֶׁר.

תְּלָאשָׂר

noun proper • Root תל אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1513

(as also תְּלַשַּׁר Is. 37, 12, also in mss. תְּלַסַּר) n. p. of a Mesopotamian province and city, inhabited by the בְּנֵי עֶדֶן, and formerly subject to Assyria Is. 37, 12; 2 Kings 19, 12. The word has arisen from תֵּל and אָשָׁר = אָשׂוּר.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֲשֶׁר

pronoun relative • Page 79

Relative pronoun: who, which, that. Used for both genders and numbers. Often acts as a sign of relation for other pronouns and adverbs (e.g., אֲשֶׁר-שָׁם 'where', אֲשֶׁר-מִשָּׁם 'whence').

אֲשֶׁר

adv. or conjunction • Page 80

Used as an adverb or conjunction; signifies (1.) *that, to the end that, ut*; (2.) *that, how that, quod*; (3.) *because*; (4.) *if*; (5.) *for*; (6.) *when*; (7.) *as*; (8.) *where*. References include Gen. 11:7, Deut. 4:40, Ex. 11:7, Jos. 2:10, 1 Sam. 24:19, 1 K. 8:33, Lev. 4:22, Jer. 33:22, Num. 20:13.

אֶשֶׁר

noun • Page 79

Happiness, prosperity; found only in the plural construct אַשְׁרֵי (the happinesses of). (Ps. 1:1, 2:12, 32:1, 33:12; Prov. 3:13, 8:34; Deut. 33:29).

אֶשֶׁר

noun masculine • Root אשר • Page 80

*Prosperity*. Reference: Gen. 30:13.

אָשֵׁר

m. proper name • Page 79

1. A son of Jacob, progenitor of one of the tribes of Israel. 2. A city not far from Shechem (Josh. 17:7).

אָשַׁר

verb • Root ישר • Page 79

1. To go straight, proceed (Prov. 9:6). 2. To be right, suitable, successful, or prosperous (Hab. 2:4). Pi.: To lead or guide straight (Prov. 23:19; Is. 1:17). Pu.: To be guided or pronounced happy (Ps. 41:3; Prov. 3:18).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H834

אַשֶׁר particle of relation (Moabite idem; origin dubious: 1 according to Tsepreghi Diss. Lugd. p. 171 Mühlau Bö. Lb. ii. 79 n. Sta Morg. Forsch. 1875, 188; Lb. § 167 Hom ZMG 1878, 708 ff. Müll § 153 Sayce Hebraica. ii. 51 Lag M. i. 255 & especially Krae Hebraica. vi. 298 ff, originally a substantive 'place' = ܐܠܗܐ footstep, mark, ሀሁሂሄ (do.), אֲתָר, ܐܒܓܕ place, Assyrian ašru, used (see Kraetz.) both as a substantive 'there, where,' and as a relative of place 'where': in Hebrew this development has advanced further, and it has become a relative sign Generally. The chief objection to this explanation is that it would isolate Hebrew from the other Semitic languages, in which pronouns are formed regularly from demonstrative roots (compare also Nö ZMG 1886, 738). 2 according to Phi St. C. 73 Sperling Nota Rel. im Hebr. 1876, 15-22 for אֲשֶׁל, developed from the relative שֶׁ (q. v.) by (1) the prefixing of either a merely prosthetic א, or, better, a pronominal א (giving rise to אש, the form of the relative in Phoenician), and (2) the addition of the demonstrative root ל [found also in אֵל, אֵלָה, הָלָזֶה (q. v.), السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ he who, አማር: who (plural)]: the main objection to this explanation is the change of ל to ר, which is hardly rendered probable by the compare of Syriac ܒܝܫܐ by side of הָלְכָא. 1 seems preferable, the primitive root having acquired different significations in the different Semitic languages, and having been weakened in Hebrew to a mere particle of relation).

Cognates:

• Moabite idem
• Phoenician אש (regularly), also sometimes ש
• Syriac ܐܝܢܐ, ܕ
• Arabic الّذي
• Ethiopic ያ
• Assyrian ašru

A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. As a rule אַשֶׁר is a mere connecting link, and requires to be supplemented (see the grammars) by a pronominal affix, or other word, such as שָׁם, defining the nature of the relation more precisely: e.g. Genesis 1:11 אַשֶׁר זַרְעָהּ literally as to which, its seed is in it = in which is its seed, Psalm 1:4 like the chaff אַשֶׁר תִּדְּפֶנּוּ רוּחַ as to which, the wind drives it = which the wind drives, etc.; & so אַשֶׁר שָׁם = where, אַשֶׁר מִשָּׁם = whence, Genesis 2:11; Genesis 3:23; Genesis 20:13 etc. Sometimes also (see below) the relation expressed by it is specifically temporal, local causal, etc. More particularly

1. Relative Pronoun Uses

it includes its pronominal antecedent, whether in the nominative or oblique cases, as Numbers 22:6 and he whom thou cursest is cursed, Exodus 4:12 and I will teach thee אַשֶׁר תְּדַבֵּר that which thou shalt say; and with particles or prepositions, as אֵת אַשֶׁר (according to the context) him who . . ., those who . . ., that which . . . ; לַאֲשֶׁר to him who . . . Genesis 43:16, to those who . . . Genesis 47:24, to that which Genesis 27:8; מֵאֲשֶׁר Judges 16:30; 2 Samuel 18:18 than those whom; Leviticus 27:24 לַאֲשֶׁר קָנָהוּ מֵאִתּוֹ to him from whom he bought it, Numbers 5:7; Isaiah 24:2 כַּאֲשֶׁר יֵשׁ בּוֹ like him against whom there is a creditor.

2. Pronominal Affix and Defining Adjunct

instances of אַשֶׁר followed by a pronominal affix, or by שָׁם, שָׁמָה, מִשָּׁם, are so common that the examples cited above will be sufficient. Very rarely there occurs the anomalous construction עִם אַשֶׁר Genesis 31:32 for אַשֶׁר עִמּוֹ (see Genesis 44:9), בַּאֲשֶׁר Isaiah 47:12 for אַשֶׁר בָּהֶם, לַאֲשֶׁר for אַשֶׁר לָהֶם Ezekiel 23:40: Psalm 119:49 see under עַל אַשֶׁר. It is followed by the pronoun in the nominative, in the following cases:

• (a) immediately, mostly before an adjective or participle, Genesis 9:3 all moving things אַשֶׁר הוּא חַי which are living, Leviticus 11:26; Numbers 9:13; Numbers 14:8,27; Numbers 35:31; Deuteronomy 20:20; 1 Samuel 10:19 (see Dr) 2 Kings 25:19 ("" Jeremiah 52:25 הָיָה) Jeremiah 27:9; Ezekiel 43:19; Haggai 1:9; Ruth 4:15; Nehemiah 2:18; Ecclesiastes 7:26; before a verb 2 Kings 22:13 (omitted 2 Chronicles 34:21).
• (b) in a negative sentence, at the end: Genesis 7:2; Genesis 17:12; Numbers 17:5; Deuteronomy 17:15 אַשֶׁר לֹא אָחִיךָ הוּא who is not thy brother, Deuteronomy 20:15; Judges 19:12; 1 Kings 8:41 "" 1 Kings 9:20 "".

N.B. Psalm 16:3 אַשֶׁר בָּאָרֶץ הֵמָּה is an unparalleled expression for 'who are in the land'; read אֲשֶׁר בָּאָרֶץ הֵמָּה אֲדִירִי וְגָבְהוּ 'the saints that are in the land, they (הֵמָּה) are the nobles, in whom,' etc.

3. First Person Pronouns

sometimes (though rarely) the defining adjunct is a pronoun of 1 or 2 person as well as of 3 person. In such cases it is strictly to be rendered I who . . ., thou who, etc.; Hosea 14:4 אַשֶׁר בְּךָ יְרֻחָם יָתוּם thou by whom the fatherless is compassionated! Jeremiah 31:32 I, whose covenant they brake, Jeremiah 32:19; Isaiah 49:23; Job 37:17 f. thou whose garments are warm . . ., canst thou? etc., Psalm 71:19; Psalm 71:20; Psalm 144:12 we whose sons, etc., Psalm 139:15 my frame was not hidden from thee, אֲשֶׁר עֻשִּׂיתִי בַסֵּתֶר I who was wrought in secret (= though I was wrought in secret), Exodus 14:13 for ye who have seen the Egyptians to-day, — ye shall not see them again for ever! (compare Psalm 41:9).

4. Dispensing with Defining Adjunct

the defining pron. adjunct is dispensed with — a. when אַשֶׁר represents the simple subject of a sentence, or the direct object of a verb: so constantly, as Genesis 2:1 the work אַשֶׁר עָשָׂה which he made, Genesis 3:3 the tree אַשֶׁר בְּתוֹךְ הַגָּן which is in the midst of the garden, etc. b. after words denoting time, place, or manner, so that אַשֶׁר then becomes equivalent to when, where, why:

• (α) Genesis 6:4 אֲחֲרֵי כֵן אַשֶׁר afterwards, when, etc. (compare 2 Chronicles 35:20) Genesis 45:6 there are still 5 years אַשֶׁר אֵין חָרִישׁ when there shall be no plowing, Joshua 14:10; 1 Kings 22:25; after יוֹם or הַיּוֹם Deuteronomy 4:10; Judges 4:14; 1 Samuel 24:5 (see Dr) 2 Samuel 19:25; Jeremiah 20:14 and elsewhere; similarly Genesis 40:13.
• (β) Genesis 35:13 בַּמָּקוֹם אַשֶׁר דִּבֶּר אִתּוֹ in the place where he spake with him, Genesis 35:14; Genesis 39:20; Numbers 13:27; Numbers 22:26; Deuteronomy 1:31 in the desert which thou sawest, where (accents Ke Di), Deuteronomy 8:15; 1 Kings 8:9 (unless לֻחוֹת הַבְּרִית has here fallen out: see Dr & Deuteronomy 9:9) Isaiah 55:11; Isaiah 64:10; Psalm 84:4.
• So (γ) in אֶל אַשֶׁר to (the place) which (or whither) Exodus 32:34; Ruth 1:16; אֶל כָּל אַשֶׁר to every (place) whither Joshua 1:16; Proverbs 17:8; בַּאֲשֶׁר in (the place) where Judges 5:27; Judges 17:8,9; 1 Samuel 23:13; 2 Kings 8:1; Ruth 1:16,17; Job 39:30, once only with שָׁם Genesis 21:17; בְּכָל אַשֶׁר wheresoever Joshua 1:7,9; Judges 2:15; 1 Samuel 14:47; 1 Samuel 18:5; 2 Samuel 7:7; 2 Kings 18:7; עַל אַשֶׁר to (the place) whither (or which) 2 Samuel 15:20; 1 Kings 18:12; עַל כָּל אַשֶׁר Jeremiah 1:7.
• (δ) זֶה הַדָּבָר אַשֶׁר this is the reason that or why . . . Joshua 5:4; 1 Kings 11:27.

5. Extreme Instances

c. more extreme instances Leviticus 14:22,30,31; Numbers 6:21; Deuteronomy 7:19 (wherewith), Deuteronomy 28:20; 1 Samuel 2:32 (wherein), 1 Kings 2:26; Judges 8:15 (about whom), Isaiah 8:12 (where יֹאמַר would be followed normally by לוֹ), Isaiah 31:6 turn ye to (him as to) whom they have deeply rebelled, Isaiah 47:15; Zephaniah 3:11; Ecclesiastes 3:9; 1 Kings 14:19 (= how).

6. Poetry Usage

d. it is dispensed with only in appearance after אֵת אַשֶׁר אָמַר (אָמַר תִּי followed by the words used, its place being really taken by a pronoun in the speech which follows, as Genesis 3:17 the tree as to which I commanded thee saying, Thou shalt not eat from it, Exodus 22:8; Deuteronomy 28:68; Judges 7:4 (זֶה) Judges 8:15 (where the noun repeated takes the place of the pronoun, compare Deuteronomy 9:2) 1 Samuel 9:17 (זֶה):23 +; compare 2 Samuel 11:16; 2 Kings 17:12; 2 Kings 21:4. 5 אַשֶׁר sometimes in poetry = one who, a man who (men who), ὅστις, οὗτινος, Psalm 24:4; Psalm 55:20; Psalm 95:4; Psalm 95:5; Job 4:19; Job 5:5 (Hi) Job 15:17.

7. Substantive Antecedent Insertion

6 אַשֶׁר occasionally receives its closer definition by a substantive following it, in other words, its logical antecedent is inserted in the relative clause: (a) in the phrase peculiar to Jeremiah, אֶל יְרוּשָׁלַיִם אֶל אַשֶׁר הָיָה דְבַר יְהוָה that which came (of) the word of יְהוָה to Jeremiah Jeremiah 14:1; Jeremiah 46:1; Jeremiah 47:1; Jeremiah 49:34 (compare Ew § 334); (b) Exodus 25:9; Numbers 33:4; 1 Samuel 25:30; 2 Kings 8:12; 2 Kings 12:6 לְכָל אַשֶׁר יִמְצָא שָׁם בַּדֶּקֶת Ezekiel 12:25; compare the Ethiopic usage Di § 201; (c) (antecedent repeated) Genesis 49:30 = Genesis 50:13, 1 Samuel 25:30 (יְהוָה repeated), Isaiah 54:9 (probably) as to which I sware that, etc., Amos 5:1 which I take up over you (as) a dirge.

8. Genitive Circumlocution

7 אֵת אַשֶׁר לְ that (belongs, belong, belonged) to, is used a. either alone or preceded by כָּל to express (all) that (belongs) to, as Genesis 14:23 מִכָּל אֲשֶׁר לְךָ of all that is thine, Genesis 31:1 מֵאֲשֶׁר לְאָבִינוּ of that which was our father's, Genesis 32:24 & sent over אֵת אֲשֶׁר לוֹ that which he had, + often b. as a circumlocution of the Genitive, as Genesis 29:9 עִם הַצֹּאן אֲשֶׁר לְאָבִיהָ with the sheep that were her father's, Genesis 40:5; Genesis 47:4; Leviticus 9:8; Judges 6:11; 1 Samuel 25:7 הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁר לְךָ, 2 Samuel 14:31 אֵת הַחֶלְקָה אֲשֶׁר לִי, 2 Samuel 23:8; 1 Kings 1:8,33 עַל הַמִּרְכֶּבֶת אֲשֶׁר לִי upon mine own mule, 1 Kings 1:49; 1 Kings 4:2; 2 Kings 11:10; 2 Kings 16:13; Ruth 2:21; and especially in the case of a compound expression depending on a single Genitive, as Genesis 23:9; Genesis 40:5; Genesis 41:43 מִרְכֶּבֶת הַמִּשְׁנֶה אֲשֶׁר לוֹ the chariot of the second rank which he had, Exodus 38:30; Judges 3:20; Judges 6:25; 1 Samuel 17:40; 1 Samuel 21:8 אֲבִיר הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁר לְשָׁאוּל the mightiest of Saul's herdmen, 1 Samuel 24:5 אֵת כְּנַף הַמְּעִיל אֲשֶׁר לְשָׁאוּל, 2 Samuel 2:8 Saul's captain of the host, 1 Kings 10:28; 1 Kings 15:20; 1 Kings 22:31; Jeremiah 52:17; Ruth 4:3. c. with names of places (especially such as do not readily admit the stative construct) Judges 18:28; Judges 19:14 הַגִּבְעָה אֲשֶׁר לִבְנֵי יָמִין Gibeah (the hill) of Benjamin, Judges 20:4; 1 Samuel 17:1; 1 Kings 15:27; 1 Kings 16:15; 1 Kings 17:9; 1 Kings 19:3; 2 Kings 14:11. compare שֶׁ (q. v.) which in Rabb, like the Aramaic דִּי, ܐܢܐ, is in habitual use as a mark of the Genitive. — N.B. In Aramaic also דִּי, ܕ, without לְ, expresses the Genitive relation, as מִלְּתָא דִּי מַלְכָּא, literally the word, that of the king = the word of the king. The few apparent cases of a similar use of אַשֶׁר are, however, too foreign to the general usage of the language to be regarded otherwise than as due to textual error: 1 Samuel 13:8 read אֲשֶׁר אָמַר (or שָׁם Exodus 19:5) שְׁמֻאֵל (Dr ἕπεστιν); 1 Kings 11:25 supply עָשָׂה (Dr ἠν ἀπέστειλεν); 2 Kings 25:10 supply אֵת with (as "" Jeremiah 52:14); 2 Chronicles 34:22 read וְאֲשֶׁר אָמַר הַמֶּלֶךְ (compare Dr) and those whom the king appointed (abbreviated from 2 Kings 22:14); compare Ew § 292 a, b with note.

9. Conjunction Usage

8 אַשֶׁר becomes, like Aramaic דִּי, ܕ, a conjunction approximating in usage to כִּי: thus a. = quod, ὅτι, that, subordinating an entire sentence to a verb of knowing, remembering, etc. (a) with אֵת Deuteronomy 9:7 forget not אֵת אֲשֶׁר הִקְצַפְתָּ the fact that (= how) thou provokedst, etc., Deuteronomy 29:15; Joshua 2:10; 1 Samuel 24:11; 1 Samuel 24:19; 2 Samuel 11:20 know ye not אֵת אֲשֶׁר יֹרִים how they shoot from off the wall? 2 Kings 8:12; Isaiah 38:3 #NAME? 1 Kings 14:19; 2 Kings 14:15; 2 Kings 20:20. Of time (peculiarly) 2 Samuel 14:15 עַתָּה אֲשֶׁר now (is it) that . . . Zechariah 8:20 (probably) yet (shall it be) that . . . Zechariah 8:23; compare כִּמְעַט שֶׁ Song of Solomon 3:4. (β) without אֵת (not very common, כִּי being usually employed): after יָדַע Exodus 11:7; Ezekiel 20:26 (very strange in Ezekiel: see Hi) Job 9:5 (Ew De Di) Ecclesiastes 8:12, רָאָה Deuteronomy 1:31 (RV) 1 Samuel 18:15, הִתְוַדָּה to confess Leviticus 5:5; Leviticus 26:40 b, הִשְׁבִּיעַ 1 Kings 22:16 (caused to swear that . . .); after a noun Isaiah 38:7 הָאוֹת אֲשֶׁר the sign that . . . ("" 2 Kings 20:9 כִּי): with growing frequency in late Hebrew, 2 Chronicles 2:7, and especially Nehemiah, Esther: Nehemiah 2:5,10; Nehemiah 7:65 (= Ezra 2:63) Nehemiah 8:14,15; Nehemiah 10:31; Nehemiah 13:1,19,22; Esther 1:19; Esther 2:10; Esther 3:4; Esther 6:2; Esther 8:11; Ecclesiastes 3:22 (מֵאֲשֶׁר) Ecclesiastes 5:4; Ecclesiastes 7:18 (with טוֹב: contrast Ruth 2:22) Ruth 2:22; Ruth 2:29; Ruth 8:12; Ruth 8:14; Ruth 9:1; Daniel 1:8 (twice in verse). (γ) prefixed to a direct citation, like כִּי q. v. (= ὅτι recitativum) (rare) 1 Samuel 15:20; 2 Samuel 1:4; 2 Samuel 2:4 (see Dr) Psalm 10:6 (probably), Nehemiah 4:6. b. it is resolvable into so that: Genesis 11:7 אֲשֶׁר לֹא יִשְׁמְעוּ so that they understand not, etc., Genesis 13:16; Genesis 22:14 אֲשֶׁר יֵאָמֵר so that it is said, Exodus 20:26; Deuteronomy 4:10,40 אֲשֶׁר יִיטַב לָכֶם Deuteronomy 6:3; Deuteronomy 28:27,51; 1 Kings 3:12,13; 2 Kings 9:37; Malachi 3:19. c. it has a causal force, forasmuch as, in that, since: Genesis 30:18; Genesis 31:49 and Mizpah, אֲשֶׁר אָמַר for that he said, Genesis 34:13,27; Genesis 42:21 we are guilty, אֲשֶׁר רָאִינוּ we who saw (or, in that we saw), Numbers 20:13 Meribah, because they strove there, Deuteronomy 3:24; Joshua 4:7,23; Joshua 22:31; Judges 9:17; 1 Samuel 2:23; 1 Samuel 15:15; 1 Samuel 20:42 go in peace, אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּעְנוּ forasmuch as we have sworn, 1 Samuel 25:26 thou whom (= or, seeing that) יְהוָה hath withholden, 2 Samuel 2:5 blessed are ye of יְהוָה, אֲשֶׁר עֲשִׂיתֶם, who (οὗτινος) have done (or in that ye have done), 1 Kings 3:19; 1 Kings 15:5; 2 Kings 12:3; 2 Kings 17:4; 2 Kings 23:26; Jeremiah 16:13; Ecclesiastes 8:11,12 (Hi De Now). Here also belongs its use in אֲשֶׁר לָמָּה since why . . . ? (= lest) Daniel 1:10: see below לָמָּה. On אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן forasmuch as Job 34:27 see below כִּי עַל כֵּן. d. it expresses a condition (rare & peculiar): Leviticus 4:22 אֲשֶׁר יֶחֱטָא in (case) that = when (or if) a ruler sinneth (Leviticus 4:3; Leviticus 4:13; Leviticus 4:37 אִם), Numbers 5:29 (explained differently by Ew § 334 a), Deuteronomy 11:27 and the blessing אֲשֶׁר תִּשְׁמְעוּ if ye hearken (Deuteronomy 11:28 אִם), Deuteronomy 18:22 Ges, Joshua 4:21 אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁאָלֻן when they ask . . ., then . . . (Joshua 4:6 כִּי), Isaiah 31:4. In 1 Kings 8:33 ("" 2 Chronicles 6:24 כִּי, compare 2 Chronicles 6:35; 2 Chronicles 6:37) אֲשֶׁר may be rendered indifferently because or when. Once, similarly, אֵת אֲשֶׁר 1 Kings 8:31 ("" אִם). e. perhaps (exceptionally) = כַּאֲשֶׁר, as, Jeremiah 33:22; Isaiah 54:9 (followed by כֵּן; but כֵּן q. v. sometimes stands without כַּאֲשֶׁר, & אֲשֶׁר may in these passages connect with what precedes); according to some also Jeremiah 48:8; Psalm 106:34 (in a connection where כַּאֲשֶׁר would be more usual: אֲשֶׁר may however be the object of אָמַר). In 1 Samuel 16:7 אֲשֶׁר יִרְאֶה הָאָדָם read כַּאֲשֶׁר, see Dr. f. combined with prepositions, אֲשֶׁר converts them into conjunctions: see below, בַּאֲשֶׁר, כַּאֲשֶׁר, מֵאֲשֶׁר. On its use similarly with (אַחֲרֵי) אַחַר, מִבְּלִי, בְּעָבוּר, עַל דְּבַר, יַעַן, לְמַעַן, כְּפִי, עַד, עַל, עָקֵב, מִמִּנִּי, תַּחַת, see these words. — הָאֲשֶׁר, with ה interrogative, occurs once, 2 Kings 6:22. In Deuteronomy 15:14 also read כַּאֲשֶׁר: note בָּרַכְתָּ before. Note 1 אֲשֶׁר being a connecting link, without any perfectly corresponding equivalent in English, its force is not unfrequently capable of being represented in more than one way. See e.g. 2 Samuel 2:5 (above 8c), Isaiah 28:12 unto whom he said, or for that he said to them. Note 2. The opinion that אֲשֶׁר has an asseverative force (like כִּי, q. v.), or introduces the apodosis, is not probably, being both alien to its general usage & not required by the passages alleged. Render Isaiah 8:20 either 'Surely according to this word will those speak who have no dawn,' or '. . . will they speak when (compare above 8d Deuteronomy 11:27; Joshua 4:21) they have no dawn.'

Compounds

בַּאֲשֶׁר

19 a. in (that) which . . . Isaiah 56:4; Isaiah 65:12; Isaiah 66:4 (above 1); Ecclesiastes 3:9 in (that, in) which (4c); Isaiah 47:12 (see 2). b. adverb in (the place) where: above 4b (γ). c. conjunction in that, inasmuch as, Genesis 39:9,23; Ecclesiastes 7:2; Ecclesiastes 8:4; compare ܒܕܝܠ. d. Jonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי on account of whom? (בַּאֲשֶׁר לְ on account of, framed on model of Aramaic בְּדִיל: see below שֶׁ).

כַּאֲשֶׁר

see below כְּ.

מֵאֲשֶׁר

17 a. from (or than) that which (him, them, etc., that . . .) Genesis 3:11; Exodus 29:27 (twice in verse); Numbers 6:11 (see Leviticus 4:26; Joshua 10:11; Judges 16:30; Isaiah 47:13 +; than that . . . Ecclesiastes 3:22; לְבַד מֵאֲשֶׁר Esther 4:11. b. adverb from (the place) where: above 4a (β). c. conjunction from (the fact) that . . ., since Isaiah 43:4.

כַּאֲשֶׁר

conjunction according as, as, when (compare for the combined Aramaic כְּדִי, כַּד) — 1 according to that which, according as, as: a. Genesis 34:12 I will give כַּאֲשֶׁר תֹּאמְרוּ אֵלַי according as ye shall (or may) say unto me, Genesis 44:1; Exodus 8:23; Numbers 22:8; 1 Samuel 2:16; Genesis 34:22 if we are circumcised כַּאֲשֶׁר הֵמָּה נְמוֹלִים; Genesis 41:21 כַּאֲשֶׁר בַּתְּחִלָּה as at the beginning, so כֵּן בְּרָאשִׁית Joshua 8:5,6; 2 Samuel 7:10; Exodus 5:13 כַּאֲשֶׁר בִּהְיוֹת הַתָּבֶן Genesis 7:9 they came in two by two כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה אֱלֹהִים אֶת נֹחַ, as God commanded Noah; so, or similarly, very often, especially in P, Genesis 7:16; Genesis 8:21; Genesis 12:4; Genesis 17:23; Genesis 21:1 (twice in verse); Exodus 16:24; Exodus 39:1,5,7; Numbers 3:16,42 etc.; כֵּן כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר Deuteronomy 1:21; Deuteronomy 2:1; Deuteronomy 6:3,19 #NAME? Deuteronomy 1:21. b. answered, for increased emphasis, by כֵּן (compare כְּ 2d), Genesis 50:12 וַיַּעֲשׂוּ כֵּן כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּם, Exodus 7:10,20; Genesis 18:5 (J) כֵּן חַי כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבַּרְתָּ, Exodus 10:10 (iron.), Amos 5:14 (do.); in opposed to order, Judges 1:7 כַּאֲשֶׁר עָשִׂיתִי, כֵּן שִׁלַּמְתִּי לִי, Exodus 7:6 כֵּן עָשׂוּ כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהוָה, compare Exodus 12:28,50; Exodus 39:43; Numbers 5:4; Numbers 17:26; Numbers 36:10 (all P); with imperfect (frequently) Numbers 2:17 (P) כַּאֲשֶׁר יַחֲנוּ כֵּן יִסָּעוּ; of degree = the more . . . the more, Exodus 1:12 וְכַאֲשֶׁר יְעַנּוּ אֹתוֹ כֵּן יִרְבֶּה וְכֵן יִפְרֹץ, compare Exodus 17:11 (JE) כַּאֲשֶׁר יָרִים מֹשֶׁה יָדוֹ according as he held up, etc., Israel prevailed; in an oath or solemn promise, Numbers 14:28 אִם לֹא כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבַּרְתֶּם כֵּן אֶעֱשֶׂה, Deuteronomy 28:63 (Jeremiah 31:28), 1 Kings 1:30; Isaiah 10:11; Isaiah 14:24; Isaiah 52:14 f. (see כֵּן 2b). c. answered by וְ (Dr § 127 γ) Exodus 16:34; Numbers 1:19. d. often in similes (followed by imperfect of habit) Exodus 33:11 כַּאֲשֶׁר יְדַבֵּר אִישׁ אֶל רֵעֵהוּ, Numbers 11:12; Deuteronomy 1:44; Isaiah 9:2; Isaiah 66:20 +, answered by כֵּן Isaiah 31:4; Isaiah 55:10; Isaiah 66:22; Amos 3:12 +; a second verb is, in such cases, in the perfect with וְ consecutive (Dr § 115) Deuteronomy 22:26; Isaiah 29:8 כַּאֲשֶׁר יַחֲלֹם הָרָעֵב וְהִנֵּה אֹכֵל, Isaiah 65:8; Amos 5:19. e. הָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר (compare הָיָה כְּ) to be as if, Job 10:19 כַּאֲשֶׁר לֹא הָיִיתִי כֵּן אֶהְיֶה, Zechariah 10:6 וְהָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר לֹא זְנַחְתִּים. 2 with a casual force, in so far as, since (German demgemäss dass), Genesis 26:29 if thou doest us no harm כַּאֲשֶׁר לֹא נְגַעֲנוּךָ according as, in so far as, we have not touched thee; Numbers 27:14 כַּאֲשֶׁר מְרִיתֶם פִּי inasmuch as ye have defied my mouth, Judges 6:27; 1 Samuel 28:18 (answered by עַל כֵּן), 2 Kings 17:26; Micah 3:4. 3 with a temporal force, when, Genesis 18:33 and יְהוָה went away כַּאֲשֶׁר כִּלָּה when he had finished, etc., Genesis 32:3; Genesis 32:32; 1 Samuel 8:6; 2 Samuel 12:21 +; answered by וְ (Dr § 127 β), 1 Samuel 6:6; 1 Samuel 12:8; וַיְהִי כַּאֲשֶׁר and it came to pass, when . . . Genesis 12:11; Genesis 20:13; Genesis 24:22,52; Exodus 32:19 + often; Genesis 43:14 כַּאֲשֶׁר שָׁכַלְתִּי שָׁכָלְתִּי when I am bereaved, I am bereaved! an expression of resignation, so Esther 4:16 כַּאֲשֶׁר אָבַדְתִּי אָבָדְתִּי. Joshua 2:7 אַחֲרֵי כַּאֲשֶׁר is a 'conflate' reading, omit either אַחֲרֵי or כַּאֲשֶׁר. Of future time, Genesis 27:40; Genesis 40:14 כַּאֲשֶׁר יִיטַב לִי, Hosea 7:12; Ecclesiastes 4:17; Ecclesiastes 5:3, and without a verb Isaiah 23:5 כַּאֲשֶׁר שָׁמַע לְמִצְרַיִם. — Micah 3:3 כַּאֲשֶׁר is simply as that which, Job 29:25 as one who.

שֶׁ, also (Genesis 6:3 [? see 4a], Judges 5:7 (twice in verse); Song of Solomon 1:7; Job 19:29 [?]) שַׁ, שָׁ in שָׁאַתָּה Judges 6:17, and שְׁ in שְׁהוּא Ecclesiastes 2:22, שְׁהֵם Ecclesiastes 3:18 (elsewhere before guttural שֶׁ, as שֶׁאֲנִי Song of Solomon 1:6; Ecclesiastes 2:18, שֶׁאֲהֵבִים Psalm 146:3, שֶׁעָל Judges 7:12; Judges 8:26, שֶׁרְאֹשִׁי Song of Solomon 5:2), relative particle who, which, that, etc. (constantly in Late Hebrew; Aramaic of Nerab, Ldzb 371, 445; Assyrian sha; Phoenician אש (regularly), also sometimes ש (Ldzb 227f.): according to Ges Ew § 181 b Ol p. 439 Sta § 176 e, abbreviated from אַשֶׁר; more probably (Sperling [see אַשֶׁר], Kö ii. 323 f.) an original demonstrative particle), synonym with אַשֶׁר, but in usage limited to late Hebrew, and passages with north Palestinian colouring, namely Judges 5:7 (twice in verse) [אַשֶׁר Judges 5:27], Judges 6:17; Judges 7:12; Judges 8:26; 2 Kings 6:11 (see 4c), Jonah 1:7,12; Jonah 4:10 [אַשֶׁר 11t.], Psalm 122:3; Psalm 122:4; Psalm 123:2; Psalm 124:1; Psalm 124:2; Psalm 124:6; Psalm 129:6; Psalm 129:7; Psalm 133:2; Psalm 133:3; Psalm 135:2; Psalm 135:8; Psalm 135:10; Psalm 136:23; Psalm 137:8; Psalm 137:9; Psalm 144:15; Psalm 146:3; Psalm 146:5; Lamentations 2:15,16; Lamentations 4:9; Lamentations 5:18; Ezra 8:20; 1 Chronicles 5:20; 1 Chronicles 27:27; Canticles (uniformly, except in title Song of Solomon 1:1); Ecclesiastes (68 t.; אֲשֶׁא 89t.); also (dubious) Genesis 6:3; Genesis 49:10 (שִׁלֹה Dr § 176 e), Job 19:29; and in the proper name (מִי שָׁאֵל and מְתוּשָׁאֵל). — In usage, שֶׁ is in the main parallel with אַשֶׁר, namely 1 as pronoun who, which, whom, Judges 7:12 כָּהוּל שֶׁעָל שְׁפָת הַיָּם (compare חוּל c), Psalm 122:3; Psalm 124:6 etc.; him whom, that which, etc., Song of Solomon 1:7; Song of Solomon 3:1; 1 Chronicles 27:27; Ecclesiastes 1:11; Ecclesiastes 6:3 וְרַב שֶׁיִּהְיֶה לִימָיו and much (verb) is that which his days amount to (Hi De and others), Ecclesiastes 6:10; הוּא שֶׁ that which Ecclesiastes 1:9 (twice in verse); in the Genitive, אֲשֶׁרִי שֶׁ Psalm 137:8; Psalm 137:9; Psalm 146:5. — On מַה שֶׁ in Eccl = whatever, what, see מָה 1e b. 2 as a connecting link; = where (compare אַשֶׁר p. 81, and 4b β), מְקוֹם שֶׁ Ecclesiastes 1:7; Ecclesiastes 11:3 (compare מְקוֹם אַשֶׁר Genesis 39:20 +: Ges § 130c), whither Psalm 122:4 (שֶׁשָׁמָּה Dr § 176 e), when Song of Solomon 8:8; Ecclesiastes 12:3 בַּיּוֹם שֶׁ (compare ib. 4b a). 3 as a conjunction (compare אַשֶׁר 8); — a. that, after רָאָה Ecclesiastes 2:13; Ecclesiastes 3:18, יָרַע Ecclesiastes 1:17; Ecclesiastes 2:14; Ecclesiastes 9:5; Job 19:19 (?), דִּבֵּר Ecclesiastes 2:15, אָמַר Ecclesiastes 8:14, עָשָׂה אוֹת Judges 6:17; as subject of sentence, Ecclesiastes 3:13; Ecclesiastes 5:15; also in the phrases, (a) what is ... that? Song of Solomon 5:9 (usually כִּי; see מָה 1d b), מֶה הָיָה שֶׁ how comes it that ...? Ecclesiastes 7:10; (b) Song of Solomon 3:4 כִּמְעַט שֶׁעָבַרְתִּי hardly (was it) that (German kaum dass) I had passed, etc., Ecclesiastes 7:14 עַל דִּבַּר שֶׁלֹּא יִמְצָא to the intent that ..., Ecclesiastes 5:15 כָּל עֻמָּת שֶׁבָּא exactly as ..., Ecclesiastes 12:9 תּוֹר שֶׁ besides that, עַד שֶׁ (עַד Dr § 176 e Judges 5:7) until that Psalm 123:2; Song of Solomon 2:7,17 + (see III. עַד II 1 a a and b; compare Late Hebrew Yoma Song of Solomon 5:1), while Song of Solomon 1:12 (ib. 2d); עָשָׂה שֶׁ to make or cause that ..., Ecclesiastes 3:14 (compare Ezekiel 36:27). b. involving a reason (compare אַשֶׁר 8c), because, since, Song of Solomon 1:6 (twice in verse); Song of Solomon 5:2; Ecclesiastes 2:18 b. Hence שֶׁלָּמָּה Song of Solomon 1:7 since why? = lest (see מָה 4d b). 4 compounds: a. בְּשֶׁ, i. q. בַּאֲשֶׁר c (p. 84a) in that, seeing that, Ecclesiastes 2:16; also (according to Dr § 176 e Hu De) Genesis 6:3 בְּשֶׁגָּם הוּא בָשָׂר because that he also is flesh; but see שָׁגָג. b. כְּשֶׁ, i. q. כַּאֲשֶׁר p. 455: — (a) according as Ecclesiastes 5:14; Ecclesiastes 12:7; (b) when (so often in Late Hebrew, as Ab Ecclesiastes 1:8 (3 t. in verse); Ecclesiastes 1:14) Ecclesiastes 9:12; Ecclesiastes 10:3. c. מִשֶׁ, i. q. מֵאֲשֶׁר a (p. 84:a), 2 Kings 6:12 מִי מִשֶׁלָּנוּ who of those that are ours? (but Klo Kmp Kau Benz מְגַלֶּה לָנוּ who betrays us? compare Dr § 176 e); Ecclesiastes 5:4 than that (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Ecclesiastes 3:22), + Ecclesiastes 2:24 (read מִשֶׁיֹּאכַל with Ew De, etc.; compare Ecclesiastes 3:22). d. שֶׁל, like אַשֶׁר לְ (אַשֶׁר 7b), a mark of the Genitive: thrice, adding slight emphasis to the suffix, Song of Solomon 1:6 = Song of Solomon 8:12 כַּרְמִי שֶׁלִּי my vineyard (literally my vineyard, which is mine), Song of Solomon 3:7 מִטָּתוֹ שֶׁלִּשְׁלֹמֹה (so often in Late Hebrew, but without any special emphasis, as Aboth Song of Solomon 1:12 הוֹי מְתַלְמִידֵי שֶׁלְאַהֲרֹן be of Aaron's disciples, Song of Solomon 2:1 הוֹי מְתַפַּלֵּל בְּשֶׁלּוֹ, Song of Solomon 2:2; Song of Solomon 3:2 הוֹי מִתְפַּלֵּל בְּשֶׁלָּהֶם; compare ܐܠܗܐ in Syriac, as Luke 6:42 ܒܪܐܠܗܐ my words, Nö § 225). And with בְּ, בְּשֶׁל literally through that which belongs to or concerns, pleonastic for on account of (a late, unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּדִיל, from בְּ, דִּי, and לְ, as in Onk Genesis 12:13 בְּדִילִי on my account, Genesis 30:27; Genesis 39:5 בְּדִיל יוֹסֵף, בְּדִיל מָא on account of what? Judges 8:1; 2 Samuel 9:1; 1 Kings 11:12,39, etc.), Jonah 1:7 בְּשֶׁלְּמִי on account of whom? ("" Jonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי; probably a gloss), Jonah 1:12 בְּשֶׁלִּי on account of me (Dr § 176 e בְּדִיל מַן, בְּדִילִי); Ecclesiastes 8:17 בְּשֶׁל אֲשֶׁר יַעֲמֹל הָאָדָם on account of (the fact) that (= seeing that) man labours, etc. (unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּדִיל דִּי because that, as Genesis 6:3 בְּדִיל דִּי אִינּוּן בִסְרָא, Genesis 39:9 בְּדִיל דִּי אִיתֵית לִי [for Hebrew בַּאֲשֶׁר אֵת אִשְׁתּוֹ]; Palmyrene בדיל די Ldzb 233, — in Tariff Genesis 1:4 (Cooke N. Semitic Inscr. 320) = ἐπίδη). [שֹׁא] see [שׁוּא].

¹ Tsepreghi Diss. Lugd. p. 171 Mühlau Bö. Lb. ii. 79 n. Sta Morg. Forsch. 1875, 188; Lb. § 167 Hom ZMG 1878, 708 ff. Müll § 153 Sayce Hebraica. ii. 51 Lag M. i. 255 & especially Krae Hebraica. vi. 298 ff.

² Phi St. C. 73 Sperling Nota Rel. im Hebr. 1876, 15-22.

³ Nö ZMG 1886, 738.

⁴ Ew § 334.

⁵ Dr.

⁶ Hi.

⁷ Ew De Di.

⁸ Ew De.

⁹ Ew § 334 a.

¹⁰ Hu De.

¹¹ Dr § 176 e.

¹² Kö ii. 323 f.

¹³ Ges Ew § 181 b Ol p. 439 Sta § 176 e.

¹⁴ Dr § 176 e.

¹⁵ Hi De and others.

¹⁶ Dr § 176 e.

¹⁷ Klo Kmp Kau Benz.

¹⁸ Ew De, etc.

¹⁹ Nö § 225.

²⁰ Cooke N. Semitic Inscr. 320.

Particle relative

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0834a:

No stats available

לא לֹא־

not

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

לא

lôʼ

Definition

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

Root

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles; [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3808

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֹא

negative particle • Root אל • Strongs / High • Page 759

A negative particle; not, no. It functions as an absolute negative, a negative answer to a question, or a refusal. Used with verbs in various tenses and moods to express negation or prohibition.

לֹא

particle • Strongs / High • Page 761

A K'ri reading for לוֹ.

לֹא

adverb / particle • Strongs / High • Page 760

Not; No; Nothing (substantive use); Before (cognate sense to טֶרֶם).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֹא

adverb • Page 338

A primitive adverb of negation (more rarely לוֹא). 1. not. 2. no (Gen. 19:2). 3. nothing (Job 6:21). 4. without (1 Chr. 2:30). 5. interrogative, nonne? (Jon. 4:11). 6. lest, that not (Ex. 28:32). 7. In combination with adjectives/substantives it gives a negative signification (e.g., לֹא עֹז without strength).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3808

I. לֹא or לוֺא (approximate number of occurrences: 5048) adverb — not.

Cognates:

• Arabic لا
• Aramaic לָא
• Sabean לא
• Assyrian lâ
• (Not in Ethiopic: compare Kö¹ ii. 1. 236; Walker²)

— לוֺא, according to Masora (Fr³), 35 times; besides בְּלוֺא 6 times, and הֲלוֺא, the orthography of which varies much, e.g. in Samuel always הֲלוֺא, in Chronicles always הֲלֹא, on the whole הֲלוֺא 141 times, הֲלֹא 128 times; twice, according to Masora, written לו (קרי לֹא), 1 Samuel 2:16; 1 Samuel 20:2, once לה Deuteronomy 3:11 כתיב: — not — denying objectively, like Greek οὐ (not μὴ = אַל).

1. In predication

a. With a verb

• With finite tenses: Genesis 2:5, Genesis 4:5 (perfect); Genesis 3:4, Genesis 8:21–22 (imperfect).
• In circumstantial clauses: Genesis 44:4 לא הרחיקו, Isaiah 40:20 לֹא יִמּוֺט.
• With final force: Isaiah 41:7; Exodus 28:32 (see GKC⁴ §156. 3).
• Governing two verbs: Exodus 28:43 וְלֹא יִשְׂאוּ עָוֺן וָמֵתוּ, Leviticus 19:12.
• Expressing prohibition: Genesis 2:17 לֹא תאֹכַל מִמֶּנּוּ thou shall not eat of it, Exodus 20:13 לא תגנב.
• With jussive/cohortative (rare): Genesis 24:8; 1 Samuel 14:36.

b. With the infinitive

Only once in בְּלֹא (4a), and with לְ, in the sense of cannot or must not:

• Judges 1:19 כי לא להורישׁ for it was not possible to dispossess.
• Amos 6:10 לא להזכיר בשׁם י׳.

c. Negating the word immediately following

• Genesis 32:29 לֹא יַעֲקֹב יֵאָמֵר עוֺד not Jacob shall thy name be called any more.
• Genesis 45:8 לֹא אַתֶּם שְׁלַחְתֶּם אֹתִי not ye have sent me hither, but God.
• Rhetorically: 2 Kings 6:10 not once, and not twice (but repeatedly).

d. Standing alone

• אִם לֹא if not: Genesis 18:21, Genesis 42:16.
• In answer to a question (Nay): Judges 12:5 ויאמר לא, Genesis 23:11 לא אדני.

e. With interrogative force

• Jonah 4:11, Job 2:10, Exodus 8:22.

2. Not in predication

a. Coupled to an adjective (litotes)

• Hosea 13:13 בן לא־חכם an unwise son.
• Psalm 36:5 דֶּרֶךְ לֹא טוֺב a way not good.

b. With a participle

• Jeremiah 2:2 ארץ לא זרועה.
• Isaiah 62:12 עִיר לֹא נֱעֶזָ֫בָה.

c. With nouns or prepositional phrases

• Genesis 15:13 בארץ לא להם.
• Habakkuk 1:6 מִשְׁכָּנוֺת לֹא־לוֺ.

d. With a substantive forming a compound (un-)

• Deuteronomy 32:21 בְּלֹא אֵל with a not-God.
• Amos 6:13 הַשְּׂמֵחִים לְלֹא דָבָר at a thing which is not.
• Isaiah 10:15 מַטֶּה לֹא עֵץ what is no wood.

e. In circumstantial clauses

• 2 Samuel 23:4 בֹּקֶר לֹא עָבוֺת a morning without clouds.
• Job 34:24 לֹא חֵקֶר without inquiry.

3. As a substantive

Job 6:21 כִּי־עַתָּה הֱיִיתֶם לֹא for now are ye become nothing (compare Aramaic Daniel 4:32).

4. With prefixes

a. בְּלֹא — without

• Jeremiah 22:13 בלא־צדק without justice.
• Job 8:11 בְּלֹא בִצָּה without mire.
• Of time: Leviticus 15:25 בלא עֶת־נִדָּתָהּ outside the time of her impurity.

b. הֲלֹא — nonne?

Inviting an affirmative answer; often used in conversation to win assent:

• Genesis 13:9 Is not the whole land before thee?
• Exodus 4:11 Do not I?
• As a rhetorical affirmative: 1 Kings 11:41 הֲלֹא הֵם כְּתוּבִים are they not written...?

c. וָלֹ֕א — and if not

• 2 Samuel 13:26; 2 Kings 5:17.

d. כְּלוֺא — as though not

• Obadiah 1:16 והיו כלוא היו as though they had not been.

e. לְלֹא — without

• 2 Chronicles 15:3; Amos 6:13.

Note on Orthography: Fifteen times, according to Masora, לא is written by error for לוֺ, e.g., Exodus 21:8; Leviticus 11:21; Isaiah 9:2; Psalm 100:3; Job 13:15 (always with קרי לוֺ).

Aramaic

I. לָא (לָה Daniel 4:32) adverb not (Biblical Hebrew לא).

1. literally not
   • Jeremiah 10:11; Daniel 2:5, 9, 10 etc.
   • before a participle: Daniel 2:27, 43; Daniel 3:16.
   • Daniel 4:32 כְּלָה חֲשׁיבִין as men not accounted of.
2. with infinitive and לְ (must not / cannot)
   • Daniel 6:9 דִּי לָא לִהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be altered.
   • Ezra 6:8.
3. interrogative הֲלָא
   • Daniel 3:24; Daniel 4:27; Daniel 6:13.

¹ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

² Dean A. Walker, "The Semitic Negative," American Journal of Semitic Languages (1896).

³ S. Frensdorff, Die Massora Magna (1876).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

⁵ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (1892).

Particle negative

LXX: οὐκ οὐ μὴ οὐδὲ οὐχ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3808:

οὐκ 1137× (34.5%)

οὐ 797× (24.2%)

μὴ 184× (5.6%)

οὐδὲ 150× (4.5%)

οὐχ 127× (3.9%)

οὐχὶ 120× (3.6%)

--- 98× (3.0%)

'' 94× (2.4%)

---% 62× (1.5%)

οὐκέτι 50× (1.4%)

אדע אֵדָע

I perceive/know

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ידע

yâdaʻ

Definition

to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including observation, care, recognition; and causatively, instruction, designation, punishment, etc.)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including observation, care, recognition; and causatively, instruction, designation, punishment, etc.); acknowledge, acquaintance(-ted with), advise, answer, appoint, assuredly, be aware, (un-) awares, can(-not), certainly, comprehend, consider, [idiom] could they, cunning, declare, be diligent, (can, cause to) discern, discover, endued with, familiar friend, famous, feel, can have, be (ig-) norant, instruct, kinsfolk, kinsman, (cause to let, make) know, (come to give, have, take) knowledge, have (knowledge), (be, make, make to be, make self) known, [phrase] be learned, [phrase] lie by man, mark, perceive, privy to, [idiom] prognosticator, regard, have respect, skilful, shew, can (man of) skill, be sure, of a surety, teach, (can) tell, understand, have (understanding), [idiom] will be, wist, wit, wot.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3045

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָדַע

verb • Root ידע • Strongs / High • Page 583

To know, perceive, understand. It encompasses various meanings including: to perceive by the senses, to know carnally (euphemism), to understand mentally, to discover, to be skilled in, to have a clear consciousness of, to care for, and to have moral perception (to know good and evil).

יָדַע

verb • Root ידע • Strongs / High • Page 584

to know, of the different meanings of Kal, to see, be seen, perceived, observed; to be known, to appear i.e. to be recognised; to be well-known, celebrated.

יָדַע

verb • Root ידע • Strongs / High • Page 584

II. The original idea of the root: to distinguish, separate, divide, lay aside, remove. This meaning appears seldom in Scripture.

יָדַע

verb • Root ידע • Strongs / High • Page 585

To divide, separate, split, cut. Figuratively, to chastise, visit, or punish.

יָדַע

verb • Root ידע • Strongs / High • Page 585

A transposed form of יָדַע. The Kal form is not used.

יָדַע

verb • Root ידע • Strongs / High • Page 582

1. to see, to perceive by the organs of sight, to mark, to perceive; 2. to perceive by hearing, to know by the taste, to experience, to feel; 3. Metaphorically from this, to lie with (sexual intercourse).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָדַע

verb • Root ידע • Page 272

1. To know, understand, know how (Job 32:22, 1 Sam. 16:16). 2. To know, be acquainted with, know by name (Gen. 29:5, Ex. 33:12). 3. To perceive, observe, discern (Gen. 19:33, Judg. 13:21). 4. To learn, be informed, learn by experience (Gen. 9:24, Lev. 5:3, Ex. 6:7). 5. To imagine, expect (Ps. 35:8, Job 9:5). 6. To concern one's self about, take care of (Gen. 39:6, Prov. 27:23); spoken of God's interest in man (Ps. 144:3). 7. Euphemistic expression for sexual intercourse (Gen. 4:17, 25; 1 Sam. 1:19).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3045

I. יָדַע (approximate number of occurrences: 943) verb — know.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Aramaic יְדַע
• Phoenician ידע
• Ethiopic አאמַረ (II. I. indicate, announce, narrate)
• Assyrian idû (know)¹
• Sabean ידע (especially in compound proper names)²

— יָדַע absolute Genesis 4:1 +; יָדָ֑ע Leviticus 5:1 +; suffix יְדָעוֺ Deuteronomy 34:10; Job 28:7; יְדָעָהּ Genesis 24:16; 1 Kings 1:4; יְדָעָ֫נוּ Isaiah 63:16; 3 feminine singular יָָֽדְעָה Judges 11:39; 2 masculine singular יָדַעְתָּ Genesis 30:26 +; יָדַ֫עְתָּה 2 Samuel 2:26; יָדַ֫עַתְּ Ruth 2:11; 1 Kings 2:15; יָדָ֑עַתְּ Jeremiah 50:24; וְיָדַ֫עַתְּ consecutive Ruth 3:4; יָדַ֫עְתִּי Genesis 4:9 +; suffix יְדַעְתִּ֫יךָ Exodus 33:12; יְדַעְתִּיו Genesis 18:19; יָָֽדְעוּ Genesis 19:8 +; יָָֽדְעוּן Deuteronomy 8:3, 16; 2 masculine plural יְדַעְתֶּם Genesis 44:15 +; 2 feminine plural יְדַעְתֶּן Genesis 31:6; וִידַעְתֶּן consecutive Ezekiel 13:21, 23 etc.

Qal

1. Meanings and Uses

• a. know, learn to know, good and evil Genesis 3:22 (Jehovist Source), followed by אֶת־אֲשֶׁר 1 Samuel 28:9; מִסְפַּר הָעָם 2 Samuel 24:2; מְאוּמָה 1 Samuel 20:39; לֹא יָדַע אִתּוֺ מְאוּמָה Genesis 39:6; כָּל־דָּבָר 2 Samuel 15:11; subject God, knowing fowls Psalm 50:11; way to wisdom Job 28:23; the price of wisdom Job 28:13; something future יוֺם מוֺתִי Genesis 27:2 (Jehovist Source); followed by clause Genesis 12:11 (Jehovist Source), Genesis 22:12 (Elohist Source); followed by בְּ 1 Samuel 22:15; followed by עַל Job 37:16; followed by מִן 1 Samuel 23:23; especially יהוה וִידַע כִּי אֲנִי know that I am Yahweh Exodus 10:2 (Redactor), Exodus 6:7, Exodus 14:4, Exodus 16:12, Exodus 29:46 (all Priests' Code).
• b. perceive Genesis 19:33, 35 (Jehovist Source); with added idea of observing, taking note of, a place Ruth 3:4; with בְּ Psalm 31:8 (+ רָאָה אֶת־).
• c. (+ ראה), imperative דַּע וּרְאֵה perceive and see 1 Samuel 12:17; 1 Samuel 24:12; רְאוּ וּדְעוּ 1 Samuel 23:23; Jeremiah 5:1.
• d. discriminate, distinguish בֵּין טוֺב לְרָ֑ע 2 Samuel 19:36, compare Deuteronomy 1:29; Jonah 4:11.
• e. know by experience Joshua 23:14 (Deuteronomic Source); learn to know Yahweh Hosea 13:4; experience Yahweh's vengeance Ezekiel 25:14.
• f. recognise, admit, acknowledge, confess Jeremiah 3:13; Jeremiah 14:20; Isaiah 59:12; Psalm 51:5.
• g. consider Judges 18:14; דַּע וּרְאֵה 2 Samuel 24:13; 1 Kings 20:7, 22; Deuteronomy 8:5; Deuteronomy 4:39.
• h. לֹא יָדַע not know = not expect Isaiah 47:11; Psalm 35:8.

2. Know a person

be acquainted with Genesis 29:5 (Jehovist Source), Exodus 1:8 (Elohist Source), Job 42:11. Of beasts knowing owner Isaiah 1:3. Especially of knowing God Exodus 5:2 (Jehovist Source); involving intelligent worship, obedience, etc. Judges 2:10; Hosea 2:22; Psalm 79:6. Of God's knowing persons, throughly Hosea 5:3; Job 11:11; knowing the heart 1 Kings 8:39; Psalm 139:4; recognising and acknowledging them 2 Samuel 7:20; Nahum 1:7; יְדַעְתִּיךָ בְּשֵׁם Exodus 33:12 (Jehovist Source); = take notice of, regard Psalm 1:6; Psalm 31:7; Amos 3:2; Hosea 13:5.

3. Know a person carnally

Of sexual intercourse; man subject Genesis 4:1, 17, 25; Genesis 24:16; Genesis 38:26 (all Jehovist Source), 1 Samuel 1:19; Judges 19:25. Woman subject Genesis 19:8 (Jehovist Source), Numbers 31:17, 18, 35 (all Priests' Code), Judges 11:39; יֹדַ֫עַת מִשְׁכַּב זָכָר Judges 21:11.

4. Skill and Ability

• a. know how to do a thing, be able to do it Amos 3:10; Jeremiah 1:6; 1 Kings 3:7; Isaiah 50:4; Ecclesiastes 10:15; Isaiah 7:15, 16.
• b. be skilful in Genesis 25:27 (Jehovist Source) skilled in hunting; יֹדֵעַ סֵפֶר learned Isaiah 29:11; יוֺדְעֵי נֶ֑הִי professional mourners Amos 5:16; יֹדְעֵי הַיָּם skilled in the sea 1 Kings 9:27; יֹדֵעַ נַגֵּן skilled in playing 1 Samuel 16:18.

5. Absolute uses

have knowledge, be wise Ecclesiastes 9:11 (+ חֲכָמִים, נְבֹנִים); have knowledge of God and duty Isaiah 1:3 (+ בין). Often with accusative of cognate meaning: דַּעַת Proverbs 17:27; בִּינָה Isaiah 29:24; חָכְמָה Proverbs 24:14; Ecclesiastes 8:16.

Niph`al

1. be made known, be or become known, of things Genesis 41:31; Exodus 2:14 (both Elohist Source); Leviticus 4:14 (Priests' Code); Judges 16:9; Psalm 76:2; = be revealed, discovered 1 Samuel 22:6; Jeremiah 28:9; Proverbs 10:9.

2. make oneself known, of persons Ruth 3:3; usually of Yahweh Exodus 6:3 (Priests' Code), Isaiah 19:21; Ezekiel 20:5.

3. be perceived (passive of Qal) Genesis 41:21 (Elohist Source), Psalm 74:5.

4. be instructed (passive of Hiph`il) Jeremiah 31:19, through chastisement.

Pi`el / Po. / Pu`al

Pi`el: cause to know Job 38:12; Psalm 104:19 (according to some versions).

Po.: יוֺדַעְתִּי 1 Samuel 21:3 I have directed.

Pu`al: מְיֻדָּעִי acquaintance Psalm 55:14; 2 Kings 10:11; Job 19:14; Psalm 88:9.

Hiph`il

make known, declare Numbers 16:5 (Priests' Code); Ezekiel 39:7; Psalm 89:2; Psalm 98:2; teach Job 32:7; Psalm 90:12; with לְ person Exodus 18:20; Deuteronomy 4:9; Psalm 103:7; make one know Exodus 33:12; 1 Samuel 28:15; Psalm 25:4 (+ לַמְּדֵנִי); Psalm 32:5 (+ עֲוֺנִי לֹא־כִסִּיתִי); answer Job 38:2; Job 42:4; teach to discriminate Ezekiel 22:26.

Hoph`al / Hitph.

Hoph`al: made known Leviticus 4:23, 28 (Priests' Code); Isaiah 12:5.

Hitph.: make oneself known to Numbers 12:6 (Elohist Source), of Yahweh; Genesis 45:1 (Elohist Source), of Joseph.

Aramaic

I. יְדַע verb know (Biblical Hebrew יָדַע).

1. Pe`al know
   • absolute Daniel 5:23
   • with accusative of thing Daniel 2:30; Daniel 5:22
   • יָָֽדְעֵי בִינָה Daniel 2:21
   • with object clause Daniel 2:8; Daniel 4:14; Daniel 6:11; Ezra 4:15
2. Haph`el cause to know, inform
   • with ל person Ezra 4:14; Daniel 2:15
   • with suffix person Daniel 2:5; Daniel 4:15; Daniel 7:16
   • of God making known Daniel 2:23, 28, 45

¹ Schrader, Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament (COT), Glossary.

² D. H. Müller, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG), 1875, 612.

Verb Qal imperfect first person common singular

LXX: ἔγνω γνώσονται ἔγνωσαν ἔγνων οἶδα

LXX Usage Statistics

H3045:

ἔγνω 57× (5.6%)

γνώσονται 51× (4.5%)

ἔγνωσαν 37× (3.7%)

ἔγνων 37× (3.7%)

οἶδα 30× (3.1%)

γνώσῃ 27× (2.4%)

γνώσεσθε 26× (2.4%)

οἶδεν 25× (2.6%)

γνῶναι 24× (2.2%)

ἔγνωσ 21× (2.1%)

ובאתי וּבָאתִי

and I have come

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

בוא

bôwʼ

Definition

to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H935

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בּוֹא

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 224

1. To go, to wander; usually with announcing the limit of one's going. 2. To arrive, to come at (distinguished from הָלַךְ in expressing the limit of going). In this sense metaphorically: a) to be born, to appear; b) to reach to one, to be equal to him; c) to reach inanimate things; d) to come upon, to fall upon (suddenly), e.g., of an enemy or calamity; e) to come to pass, to be fulfilled (of wishes, promises); f) of inanimate things, to come near; g) applied to time; h) with the preposition בְּ, to come with somewhat, i.e., to bring.

בּוֹא

verb • Root בוא • Strongs_Numbers • Page 225

To go in, to enter, to come; to arrive; to go down (of the sun).

בּוֹא

verb • Root בוא • Strongs_Numbers • Page 755

to come to

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בּוֹא

verb • Page 88

1. to go or come in, to enter. Gen. 6:18. Frequently opposed to יָצָא. 2. to lie with a woman, inire feminam. Gen. 16:2. 3. spoken of the sun, to set, go down (below the horizon). Gen. 15:17. 28:11.

בּוֹא

verb • Page 89

To go in, to enter, to come. Includes many specific idioms: to conduct oneself (Josh. 15:18); to come in as revenue (1 K. 10:14); to enter into a covenant (2 Chr. 15:12); to come upon someone or befall them (Lam. 1:10); to come to pass or be fulfilled (Prov. 13:12); to bring something (with ב, Ps. 66:13); to obtain (Ps. 69:28). Hiphil: to bring in, carry in, or lead (2 Sam. 9:10). Hophal: passive (Lev. 10:18).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H935

I. בּוֹא (2569) verb come in, come, go in, go (Assyrian bāʾu Hpt KAT 499, Ethiopic , Arabic بَاءَ return¹) —

Cognates:

• Assyrian bāʾu
• Ethiopic
• Arabic بَاءَ

Qal

Perfect בָּא Genesis 6:13 +; 3 feminine singular בָּאתָה Genesis 15:17 +; suffix בָּאתֶנוּ Psalm 44:18; 2 masculine singular בָּאתָ Joshua 13:1 +, בָּאתָה 2 Samuel 3:7; 2 feminine singular בָּאתְ Genesis 16:8; Ruth 2:12, and consecutive וְבָאתְ Ruth 3:4; 2 Samuel 14:3; Micah 4:10; 3 plural בָּאוּ Genesis 7:9 +; 1 plural בָּאנוּ Genesis 32:7 + (בָּנוּ 1 Samuel 25:8), etc.; Imperfect יָבוֹא Genesis 32:9 +, יָבא Genesis 49:10 +; 3 feminine singular תָּבוֹא Genesis 41:50 +; suffix תְּבוֹאֶתְּךָ Job 22:21 (but text dubious see Kö i. 644); 2 masculine singular תָּבוֹא Genesis 15:15 +; 2 feminine singular תָּבוֹאִי Ruth 3:17 +; 1 singular אָבוֹא Genesis 33:14 +; cohortative אָבֹאָה Judges 15:1, אָבִיאָה Genesis 29:21 +, וְתָּבֹאתִי 1 Samuel 25:34 (Qr וְתָּבֹאת, but text probably wrong, see Kö i. 647 Dr, read וְתָּבֹאִי); 3 plural masculine יָבוֹאוּ Genesis 6:20 +, also (by text error) בֹּאוּ Jeremiah 27:18 compare Kö i. 645, יְבֹאֻנִי Psalm 95:11; suffix יְבֹאוּנִי Psalm 119:77, וִיבֹאֻנִי Psalm 119:41; 3 feminine plural תָּבֹאנָה Genesis 30:38, תָּבוֹאנָה 1 Samuel 10:7 +; תְּבֹאֵינָה 1 Samuel 10:7; Psalm 45:16, etc.; Imperative בּוֹא, בֹּא Genesis 7:1 +, בֹּאָה 1 Samuel 20:21; 1 Kings 13:7, בִּיאִי, בֹּאִי 2 Samuel 13:11 +; masculine plural בֹּאוּ Genesis 45:17 +; Infinitive בּוֹא, בֹּא Genesis 39:16 +; suffix בֹּאִי, בּוֹאִי Genesis 48:5 +, בּוֹאֲךָ 1 Samuel 29:6 +, בֹּאֲכָה Genesis 10:19 +, etc., בֹּאָם Genesis 34:5 +, בֹּאָן Genesis 30:38 compare Ezekiel 42:12 (where Co for לְבוֹאָן reads לְבוֹא לָהֶן); Participle בָּא Genesis 33:1 +; feminine בָּאָה Genesis 29:6 +, הַבָּאָה Genesis 18:21 + (accent wrong Ew § 331 b N.); plural בָּאִים Genesis 18:11 +; construct בֹּאֵי Genesis 23:10; feminine absolute בֹּאוֹת Genesis 41:29; (see further on forms Kö i. 643 f.); —

1. Meanings and Usages

• a. Come in, followed by אֶל Genesis 6:18; Genesis 7:9,13, followed by בְּ Genesis 19:8 & so (subject רוּחַ) Ezekiel 2:2; Ezekiel 37:10, followed by לְ Esther 6:4, followed by accusative (בַּיִת) Judges 18:18; 2 Kings 11:19 compare Psalm 100:4 (שַׁעֲרֵיכֶם), & בֹּאֵי שַׁעַר עִירוֹ Genesis 23:10,18; even of lifeless things 2 Kings 18:21, וְבָא בְּכַמּוֹ (of broken reed) = pierce; of food and drink (followed by אֶל) Daniel 10:3 compare Genesis 41:21 (fat kine when eaten by lean kine); see also (followed by בְּ) Numbers 5:22,24,27; absolute Genesis 7:16; Genesis 24:31; 1 Kings 1:42; 1 Kings 14:6 compare 2 Kings 11:5,9 2 Chronicles 23:4,8 +.
• b. Opposed to יָצָא, go out and come in (Sabean וצאם או באם Hal 152) Joshua 6:1; 2 Kings 11:8 2 Chronicles 23:7; especially in sense of going about one's affairs (including all one's undertakings) Deuteronomy 28:6,19; Zechariah 8:10; Psalm 121:8; idem + יָשַׁב 2 Kings 19:27; also followed by לִפְנֵי הָעָם etc. = act as ruler (judge) of, Numbers 27:17; 2 Chronicles 1:10 compare 1 Kings 3:7; of leading an army 1 Samuel 18:13,16 compare also Joshua 14:11; see further Deuteronomy 31:2; 1 Samuel 29:6 & below c. below.
• c. Of taking part in worship of congregation Deuteronomy 23:2; Deuteronomy 23:3 (twice in verse); Deuteronomy 23:4 (twice in verse) + (followed by בְּ); or entering into tabernacle for priestly service Exodus 28:29,35; Leviticus 16:23 (all followed by אֶל), Exodus 28:30 (followed by לִפְנֵי יְהוָה), Leviticus 16:17 (followed by infinitive) +.
• d. With of entering on official duty 2 Kings 11:9 2 Chronicles 23:8; 1 Chronicles 27:1 (all opposed to יָצָא).
• e. Of bride coming into her husband's house Joshua 15:18 = Judges 1:14.
• f. Of entering a woman's tent or apartment (with implication coire cum femina, compare Syriac ܒܝܐܗ coitio; on origin of this use of word compare RS K 90, 167, 291) Judges 15:1 אֶל אִשְׁתּוֹ הֶחָדְרָה, Judges 16:1; Genesis 6:4; Genesis 16:2; Genesis 30:3; Genesis 38:8; Genesis 38:9; Genesis 39:14; Deuteronomy 22:13; 2 Samuel 12:24; 2 Samuel 16:21; 2 Samuel 20:3; Ezekiel 23:44 (3 times in verse); Proverbs 6:29 (all followed by אֶל); followed by עַל Genesis 19:31; Deuteronomy 25:5 יָבֹא עַל אָחִיו וְלָקַח לוֹ לְאִשָּׁה compare בֹּאֶיהָ Proverbs 2:19; — subject rarely woman Genesis 19:34; 2 Samuel 11:4. feminine of associating with (followed by בְּ) Joshua 23:7,12 compare Genesis 49:6 בְּסֹדָם אַל תָּבֹא נַפְשִׁי (אַל תֵּחַד "" בִּקְהָלָם).
• g. Of entering into specific relations, בֹּא אֶלָּה בְּרִית, בִּבְרִית (see אֱלֹהִים, בְּרִית); בּוֹא בְּדָמִים come into blood-guiltiness, became guilty of murder 1 Samuel 25:26.
• h. Of burial, אֶל קֶבֶר בּוֹא 1 Kings 13:22; 1 Kings 14:13 compare תָּבוֹא אֶל אֲבוֹתֶיךָ Genesis 15:15 ("" תִּקָּבֵר).
• i. Of sun, set (go in, enter, compare Assyrian ērib šanši COT Genesis 19:23; opposed to יָצָא go forth, rise) Genesis 15:12,17; Genesis 28:11; Exodus 17:12; Exodus 22:25; Leviticus 22:7; Deuteronomy 16:6; Deuteronomy 23:12,15; Joshua 8:29; Joshua 10:13,27; Judges 19:14; Ecclesiastes 1:5; 2 Samuel 2:24; 2 Samuel 3:35; 1 Kings 22:36; 1 Kings 18:34; so also figurative Jeremiah 15:9 of calamity בָּאָה שִׁמְשָׁה בְּעֹד יוֹמָם ("" אֻמְלְלָה יָלְדָה הַשִּׁבְעָה etc.), compare Isaiah 60:20; Micah 3:6 הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ עָלָה עַל הַנְּבִיאִים בּוֹא of ignorance and confusion.
• j. Of harvest, come in = be gathered Leviticus 25:22 (compare תְּבוֹאָה); so of revenue (income) 1 Kings 10:14 2 Chronicles 9:13 (followed by לְ person), — opposed to יָצָא be expended.
• k. In other phrases: וְתָּבֹא הָעִיר בַּמָּצוֹר 2 Kings 24:10 + and the city came into siege; compare Psalm 105:18 בַּבַּרְזֶל בָּאָה נַפְשׁוֹ his soul came into iron (see AV RVm; Che felt iron chains, compare Ew Ol Hup Pe; áḥ7 Hi De and others iron came upon his soul); בָּא בַּיָּמִים come into (the) days, = advanced in age Genesis 24:1; Joshua 13:1; Joshua 23:1 (all "" זָקֵן); on 1 Samuel 17:12 see Dr.

• 2. Come (approach, arrive) opposed to הָלַךְ Genesis 16:8; 1 Samuel 20:21 (compare 1 Samuel 20:22) Nehemiah 6:17; Ecclesiastes 5:14; Ecclesiastes 5:15 (of birth opposed to death); followed by אֶל person or of thing Genesis 14:7; Genesis 37:23; followed by עַל Exodus 18:23; 2 Chronicles 20:24 (come up upon, almost = ascend); compare also Leviticus 21:11; Numbers 6:6; followed by לְ 1 Samuel 9:12; 2 Chronicles 29:17; followed by עַד Numbers 13:22; Judges 15:14; 2 Samuel 16:5; compare בָּאוּ בָּנִים עַד מַשְׁבֵּר 2 Kings 19:3 = Isaiah 37:3 children have come to the birth; followed by עַד + אֶל 2 Kings 9:20 בָּא עַד אֵלָיו; followed by accusative 1 Samuel 4:12; 2 Kings 8:7; Jeremiah 32:24; compare also Lamentations 1:4 בֹּאֵי מוֹעֵד those coming to an appointed feast; absolute Genesis 45:16 Joseph's brethren are come, & often; also of lifeless things, ark of יְהוָה 1 Samuel 4:6; wind Job 1:19; so כַּסְפְּכֶם בָּא אֵלַי Genesis 43:23 your money came unto me = I received your money; our inheritance has fallen to us Numbers 32:19 (with אֶל); so 1 Samuel 9:16 its cry is come unto me, compare Genesis 18:21; Exodus 3:9; Lamentations 1:22; of time, often of imminent future, esp in phrase הִנֵּה יָמִים בָּאִים Isaiah 39:6 = 2 Kings 20:17; Jeremiah 7:32; Jeremiah 9:24; Jeremiah 16:14; Jeremiah 19:6; compare also 1 Samuel 26:10; Ezekiel 7:7 +; of day of יְהוָה Joel 2:1; Joel 3:4; Zechariah 14:1; Malachi 3:2; Malachi 3:19; Malachi 3:23; also participle as adjective הַיָּמִים הַבָּאִים Ecclesiastes 2:16 compare Jeremiah 47:4; as substantive הַבָּאוֹת Isaiah 41:22 things to come, future things; & הַבָּאִים alone = adverb in (days) to come Isaiah 27:6.
• a. Come with, i.e. come, bringing, followed by אָבוֹא בְּיִתְּךָ בְּעֹלֹת Psalm 66:13; בֹּא בִּגְבוּרוֹת אֱלֹהִים Psalm 71:16 ("" אַזְכִּיר צִדְקָתְךָ) so Leviticus 16:3 & perhaps Proverbs 18:6 — compare בִּי III. 1.
• b. Come upon, fall or light upon, of enemy, attack, followed by עַל Genesis 34:27; 1 Samuel 11:12 compare Genesis 32:9 (followed by אֶל); followed by suffix Job 15:21, so also Job 20:22; Ezekiel 32:11; of calamity, etc. Proverbs 10:24; Proverbs 28:22; Psalm 44:18 (all with suffix); followed by לְ Job 3:25 ("" אָתָה with suffix) Isaiah 47:9 ("" בֹּא עַל); of blessing, followed by עַל Joshua 23:15; followed by suffix Job 22:21 (compare Di) Psalm 119:41 Psalm 77:1.
• c. Come to pass, of signs, wonders, predictions, etc. Deuteronomy 13:3; Joshua 23:14; 1 Samuel 9:6 (בֹּא יָבֹא) Isaiah 42:9; Jeremiah 28:9; Proverbs 13:12; Job 6:8 +.
• d. Genesis 6:13 קֵץ כָּל בָּשָׂר בָּא לְפָנַי perhaps has presented itself before me (see Kn), compare Lamentations 1:22 above & 2 Chronicles 7:11 (where בֹּא for usual עָלָה); but perhaps (compare Di) has come to pass before me, i.e. in my mind it is already a fact.
• e. In phrase עַד בּוֹאֲךָ עַד Judges 6:4; compare Judges 11:33; 1 Samuel 17:52; 2 Samuel 5:25; 1 Kings 18:46 (עַד בֹּאֲכָה) until thou comest to = as far as; so also בֹּאֲךָ (בֹּאֲכָה) alone, = as far as, or in the direction of, Genesis 10:19 (twice in verse); Genesis 10:30; Genesis 13:10; Genesis 25:18; 1 Samuel 27:8 (all followed by accusative locative) 1 Samuel 15:7; so לְבוֹא חֲמָת Numbers 13:21; Numbers 34:8; Ezekiel 48:1, compare Ezekiel 47:15 (in a different connection לָבוֹא אַפְרַתָּה Genesis 35:16; Genesis 48:7); בֹּא מִלְּבוֹא ח Joshua 13:5; Judges 3:3; 1 Chronicles 13:5, compare 1 Chronicles 5:9; 2 Chronicles 26:8; Ezekiel 47:20; בֹּא מִמִּלְּבוֹא ח Amos 6:14; 1 Kings 8:65; 2 Kings 14:25; 2 Chronicles 7:8; of Isaac בָּא מִבּוֹא בְּאֶרַחַיִם לְחַיִּים Genesis 24:62 (but text dubious).
• f. Attain to עַד הַשְּׁלִישִׁית לֹא בָּא 2 Samuel 23:19 = 1 Chronicles 11:21.
• g. Be enumerated הַבָּאִים בִּשְׁמֹות, literally those coming with names 1 Chronicles 4:38.

• 3. Go, i.e. walk, associate with (עִם) Psalm 26:4, so with אֵת Proverbs 22:24 (compare הָלַךְ אֵת Proverbs 13:20 & הִתְהַלֵּךְ אֵת Genesis 5:22,24; Genesis 6:9).
• 4. Go (compare הָלַךְ) from speaker, but with limit of motion given Isaiah 22:15 לֵךְ בֹּא אֶל, so Ezekiel 3:4,11; Genesis 45:17 וּלְכוּ בֹּאוּ אַרְצָה כְּנַעַן; 1 Samuel 22:5 לֵךְ וּבָאתָ לִּי אֶרֶץ יְהוּדָה; Isaiah 47:5; Jonah 1:3 אֲנִי הָלַכְתִּי בָּאָה תַּרְשִׁישָׁה a ship going to Tarshish; go to war יָבֹאוּ לַמִּלְחָמָה Numbers 32:6.

Hiphil

Perfect הֵבִיא Genesis 4:4 +; suffix הֵבִיאֶנִּי Deuteronomy 9:4 +, etc.; 2 masculine singular הֵבֵאתָ Isaiah 43:23, הֵבֵאתָ Genesis 20:9 +, etc.; suffix הֵבֵאתֶּנִי 2 Samuel 7:18; 1 Chronicles 17:16, הֵבֵאתֶּנוּ Numbers 16:14, הֵבֵאתֶּנוּ Psalm 66:11; 1 singular הֵבֵאתִּי Genesis 31:39 +, וְהֵבֵאתִּי Jeremiah 25:13 Kt (Qr וְהֵבֵאתִּי); suffix וְהֵבֵאתֶּנִי Ezekiel 38:16 +, הֵבֵאתֶּנִי Isaiah 37:26, etc.; 3 plural הֵבִיאוּ Genesis 43:2 +; suffix הֵבִיאוּהוּ 2 Chronicles 28:27 etc.; 2 masculine plural הֵבֵאתֶּם Numbers 20:4 +; וְהֵבֵאתֶּם 1 Samuel 16:17; 1 plural suffix הֵבֵאֲנוּם Numbers 32:17; Imperfect (יַבִּיא) יַבִּיא Leviticus 4:32 +, וְיַבִּיא Genesis 2:19 +; suffix וְיַבִּיאֶנִּי Ezekiel 40:17, etc.; 2 masculine singular תָּבִיא Job 14:3; suffix תְּבִיאֶנִּי Jeremiah 13:1, וְתְּבִיאֶנִּי Nehemiah 9:23, תְּבִיאֶנִּי Exodus 15:17, אַבִּיא Exodus 11:1 + (אַבִּי 1 Kings 21:29; Micah 1:15), etc.; Imperative הָבִיא Genesis 43:16; Exodus 4:6, הָבִיאָה Genesis 27:7 +; feminine singular הָבִיאִי 2 Samuel 13:10 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute הָבִיא Haggai 1:6; construct הָבִיא Genesis 18:19 +; Participle מֵבִיא Exodus 10:14 +, מֵבִי 1 Kings 21:21 3t., מֵבִיאֲךָ Deuteronomy 8:7; plural מֵבִיאִים (מֵבִיאִים) 1 Kings 10:25 +; construct מֵבִיאֵי Jeremiah 17:26, מֵבִיאֵיהָ Daniel 11:6; —

1. Cause to come in, bring in (conduct, lead, object persons and animals)

• followed by אֶל Genesis 6:19; Song of Solomon 2:4; Song of Solomon 3:4; followed by בְּ Leviticus 26:41; Psalm 66:11; followed by לְ Judges 19:21; 1 Samuel 9:22; followed by לִפְנֵי Esther 1:11,17; followed by accusative (חֶדֶר) Song of Solomon 1:4; 2 Kings 9:2; also bring, carry in (lifeless things), followed by אֶל Numbers 31:54; Malachi 3:10; followed by בְּ Jeremiah 17:21; send, of sending (shooting) arrows (figurative) Lamentations 3:13; compare Leviticus 26:36; of sending breath (רוּחַ) into dry bones Ezekiel 37:5 (Co עַל); followed by לְ Nehemiah 13:12; followed by accusative locative Exodus 26:33; 2 Kings 20:20 וְיַבִּיא אֹתָהּ הַמַּיִם הָעִירָה; followed by accusative (חֶדֶר) 2 Samuel 13:10; also 2 Chronicles 15:18 (בַּיִת); absolute 2 Samuel 6:17.
• a. Opposed to הוֹצִיא (bring out) Deuteronomy 9:28 (followed by אֶל); especially in combination with הוֹצִיא lead out and in (to and from battle) Numbers 27:17; 1 Chronicles 11:2.
• b. Bring in women as wives for sons (followed by מִן הֶחָצֵר) Judges 12:9 (opposed to שָׁלַח הֶחוּץ).
• c. Bring into judgment וְאֹתִי תָּבִיא בַּמִּשְׁפָּט עִמָּךְ Job 14:3 compare Ecclesiastes 11:9; Ecclesiastes 12:4.
• d. Cause sun to go down Amos 8:9 (symbol of judgment).
• e. Of harvest, bring in, gather 2 Samuel 9:10; Haggai 1:6 (opposed to זָרַע) compare Nehemiah 13:15.
• f. Put staves into (בְּ) rings Exodus 25:14; Exodus 37:5; Exodus 38:7; compare Exodus 26:11; Leviticus 14:42; hand into (בְּ) bosom Exodus 4:6 (twice in verse); girdle into (בְּ) water Jeremiah 13:1.
• g. Other phrases, הֵבִיאוּ צַוָּארָם בַּעֲבֹדָה Nehemiah 3:5 put their necks to the work, etc.; figurative הָבִיא אֶת צַוָּארֵיכֶם בְּעֹל Jeremiah 27:12; הָבִיאָה לַמּוּסָר לִבֶּךָ Proverbs 23:12 apply to instruction thy heart; וְנָבִיא לְבַב חָכְמָה Psalm 90:12 that we may gain a heart of wisdom.

2. Cause to come, bring, bring near, etc. (animate object)

• followed by אֶל Genesis 2:19,22; Genesis 43:9; Leviticus 24:11; Numbers 5:15; often of bringing Israel to Canaan Exodus 6:8; Exodus 23:23 +, compare Isaiah 14:2; Isaiah 56:7; Nehemiah 1:9; absolute Deuteronomy 4:38; Deuteronomy 6:23; followed by לְ Genesis 39:14,17; followed by accusative locative Ezekiel 12:13; followed by הֲלֹם Judges 18:3, & עַד הֲלֹם (figurative of Yahweh's prospering care) 2 Samuel 7:18 = 1 Chronicles 17:16; absolute Genesis 46:32; also with lifeless object, Genesis 27:10 (followed by לְ), so 2 Chronicles 36:7; Genesis 31:39 (followed by אֶל); followed by accusative 2 Kings 12:5; 2 Chronicles 36:18; Daniel 1:2 (twice in verse); followed by accusative locative Exodus 26:33; Jeremiah 20:5; followed by לִפְנֵי 2 Chronicles 24:14; of time, cause a day to come Lamentations 1:21; cause cry to come (עַל) Job 34:28; = carry בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בָּאוּ עַל כַּנְפֵיהֶם נְשָׁאִים Isaiah 49:22 ("" עַל כַּתֵּפֶיךָ נְשָׂאתִיךָ); carry God in (בְּ) the hand Job 12:6 (compare אֱלֹהִים p. 43); allow to come, almost = invite Esther 5:12 (followed by אֶל) compare Esther 5:10.
• a. Followed by עַל bring against, or upon, bring enemies against Jeremiah 25:9 compare Ezekiel 23:22; object sword Leviticus 26:25; Ezekiel 5:17; Ezekiel 11:8; Ezekiel 14:17; Ezekiel 33:2; plague Exodus 11:1; curse or calamity Genesis 27:12; Deuteronomy 29:26; 1 Kings 9:9 2 Chronicles 7:22; Job 42:11 compare Jeremiah 25:13; Jeremiah 36:31; Jeremiah 44:2; Jeremiah 49:8,37; Ezekiel 14:22; sin Genesis 20:9; Genesis 26:10; Exodus 32:21; compare also followed by אֶל Jeremiah 32:42; Jeremiah 49:36.
• b. Bring to pass 2 Kings 19:25 = Isaiah 37:26 compare 1 Chronicles 4:10.
• c. Bring, bring forward, bring on the scene Micah 1:15; Zechariah 3:8.
• d. Bring for a purpose, followed by infinitive Psalm 78:71 מֵאַחֲרֵי הָעִזִּים הֵבִיאוֹ לִרְעוֹת בְּיַעֲקֹב עַמּוֹ.
• e. Bring, procure בְּנַפְשֹׁתֵינוּ הֵבֵאנוּ לָחֶם Lamentations 5:9.

Hophal

Perfect הוּבָא Leviticus 10:18 +; 3 feminine singular הֻבָּאת Genesis 33:11 (see below); 2 masculine singular הֻבָּאתָה Ezekiel 40:4; 3 plural הֻבָּאוּ Genesis 43:18; Imperfect יוּבָא Leviticus 6:23 +, יוּבָּאוּ Jeremiah 27:22; Participle מוּבָא 2 Kings 12:10 +; plural מוּבָאִים Genesis 43:18; Ezekiel 30:11 + Ezekiel 23:42 (Co מְרַבִּדִים), מוּבָאוֹת Psalm 45:15; —

• a. Be brought in (of person and things), absolute Genesis 43:18; followed by בַּיִת into a house Genesis 43:18; temple 2 Kings 12:5; 2 Kings 12:10; 2 Kings 12:14; 2 Kings 12:17; 2 Kings 22:4; 2 Chronicles 34:9,14.
• b. Be brought, followed by לְ Genesis 33:11 (but áḥ5 rd Hiphil I have brought), Psalm 45:15; followed by אֶל unto Leviticus 6:23; Leviticus 10:18; Leviticus 13:2,9; Leviticus 14:2; compare Ezekiel 23:42 (but see Co VB); followed by הִנֵּה Ezekiel 40:4; followed by בַּבָּבֶל Jeremiah 27:22; followed by infinitive Leviticus 16:27; Ezekiel 30:11; followed by מִן Jeremiah 10:9.
• c. Be introduced, put, followed by בְּ, staves into rings Exodus 27:7; vessel into water Leviticus 11:32.

¹ Arabic cognate is بَاءَ 'come', but text has "return" possibly a mistranslation or OCR error.

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential perfect first person common singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0935:

No stats available

להגיד לְהַגִּיד

to expose

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

נגד

nâgad

Definition

properly, to front, i.e. stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest; figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to one present); specifically, to expose, predict, explain, praise

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to front, i.e. stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest; figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to one present); specifically, to expose, predict, explain, praise; bewray, [idiom] certainly, certify, declare(-ing), denounce, expound, [idiom] fully, messenger, plainly, profess, rehearse, report, shew (forth), speak, [idiom] surely, tell, utter.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5046

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָגַד

verb • Root נגד • Strongs / High • Page 941

To rise, swell out, be prominent (e.g., of high land or the breast); to be arched. Metaphorically: to be in front, be before, or be opposite; to be manifest, visible, clear. (The Kal form of this verb is unused).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָגַד

verb • Root נגד • Page 424

in Kal not used. Probably literal to be before. Hiph. הִגִּיד: 1. to declare, show, make known (Gen. 3:11; 9:22; 29:12; 37:5; Ezek. 43:10; Job 26:4; 42:3). 2. to announce, publish (Ps. 111:6; 9:12; 71:17; 92:3; 75:10). 3. to betray (Job 17:5). 4. to solve a riddle (Judg. 14:19).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5046

I. נָגַד (approximate number of occurrences: 363) verb — be conspicuous.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew in derivatives
• Phoenician proper name, masculine נגד
• Arabic نجد conquer, overcome, also be apparent, conspicuous; high land or country; be courageous, vigorous, effective, courageous, efficient
• Aramaic נְגַד drag, draw, lead; נָגוֺדָא leader
• Ethiopic ነገደ travel

— Hiphil (328 times) Perfect הִגִּיד Genesis 3:11 +; 3 feminine singular הִגִּ֫ידָה 1 Samuel 25:19 +; הִגַּדְתָּ Genesis 12:8 + etc.; Imperfect יַגִּיד 1 Samuel 9:6 +; וַיַּגֵּד Genesis 9:22 +; suffix יַגִּידֶ֫הָ Isaiah 44:7; יַגִּדָהּ Jeremiah 9:11; יַגֵָּֽדְךָ Deuteronomy 32:7 (jussive), etc.; Imperative הַגֵּד 2 Samuel 18:21 +; הַגִּ֫ידָה Genesis 29:15 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute הַגֵּד Judges 14:12 (twice); הַגֵּיד Jeremiah 36:16; construct לְהַגִּיד Genesis 32:6 +; לגיד 2 Kings 9:15 Ketiv (Qere לְהַגִּיד); Participle מַגִּיד Genesis 41:24 +; feminine מַגֶּ֫דֶת Esther 2:20; plural construct מַגִּידֵי Judges 14:19.

— declare, tell [usually followed by לְ of indirect object Genesis 3:11 + often; insert also 1 Samuel 12:7; 2 Samuel 13:34 (Septuagint, Thenius, Wellhausen, Klostermann, Driver, Kittel, Budde, so HPS); followed by אֶל Exodus 19:9; 1 Samuel 3:15; followed by לִפְנֵי 1 Samuel 17:31; Psalm 142:3; עַל־פָּנָיו Job 21:31; בְּאָזְנֵי Jeremiah 36:20; followed by בְּ local (instead of indirect object) chiefly prophets Jeremiah 4:5; Jeremiah 5:20; Jeremiah 31:10 +; also 1 Samuel 4:13; 2 Samuel 1:20; 2 Kings 9:15; Micah 1:10; rarely followed by accusative of person 2 Samuel 15:31 (but read וּלְדָוִד הִגִּיד HPS, or הֻגַּד We Dr Kit, Septuagint Vulgate Th Klo Bu favour הֻגַּד), 2 Kings 7:9, 11; Ezekiel 43:10; Job 17:5; Job 26:4; Job 31:37; followed by direct object in accusative Genesis 45:13 + often; followed by clause with כִּי Genesis 3:11 + often; followed by clause with אֲשֶׁר = כִּי (late) Esther 3:4; Esther 6:2; followed by clause with מָה Genesis 29:15; Judges 16:15; Esther 8:1 +; followed by clause with מִי 2 Kings 6:11; followed by clause with אֵיבָה Songs 1:7, once followed by clause with הֲ Genesis 43:6, etc.; often no direct object, followed by לֵאמֹר Exodus 13:8; 1 Samuel 25:14 +; followed by וַיּאֹמֶר Genesis 47:1 +; followed by עַל concerning, 1 Samuel 27:11; Esther 6:2; often indirect object omitted 1 Samuel 24:19 +; direct object omitted Judges 13:10 +; both omitted Leviticus 5:1 +].

In Hexateuch rarely P (Leviticus 5:1; Leviticus 14:35; Exodus 16:22); J (Genesis 3:11; Genesis 12:18; Exodus 13:8 18 times); E (Genesis 21:6; Genesis 31:20; Genesis 41:25 15 times); D (Deuteronomy 17:9; Deuteronomy 26:3; Deuteronomy 30:18 5 times).

1. Tell, announce, report

Usually human subject:

• Genesis 9:22
• Genesis 24:23
• Leviticus 14:35 (Priests' Code)
• Judges 13:6
• 1 Samuel 3:18
• Nehemiah 2:12
• Psalm 142:3

2. Declare, make known, expound

Especially of something before not understood, concealed or mysterious:

• Genesis 3:11
• 1 Kings 10:3
• A riddle: Judges 14:12, 15, 16, 19
• Dream or secret: Daniel 2:2; Job 11:6
• Of God as revealing: Genesis 41:25 (+ יהוה); Micah 6:8; Psalm 147:19

3. Inform of (play the informer)

• Joshua 2:14, 20
• Jeremiah 20:10
• Leviticus 5:1
• Proverbs 29:24

4. Publish, declare, proclaim

Especially of proclaiming wisdom, power, loving-kindness, etc., of God:

• Psalm 9:12
• Psalm 22:32
• Psalm 92:3
• Subject heavens: Psalm 19:2; Psalm 50:6; Psalm 97:6

5. Avow, acknowledge, confess

• Isaiah 3:9
• Psalm 38:19
• Isaiah 48:6

Participle = messenger:

• 2 Samuel 15:13
• Jeremiah 51:31
• הַנַּעַר הַמַּגִּיד 2 Samuel 1:5, 6, 13
• הָאִישׁ הַמַּגִּיד 2 Samuel 18:11

— Hophal Perfect הֻגַּד Joshua 9:24 +; Imperfect וַיֻּגַּד Genesis 22:20 +; Infinitive absolute הֻגֵּד Joshua 9:24; Ruth 2:11; — be told, announced, reported, always followed by לְ (sometimes impersonal, logical subject in accusative, compare Genesis 27:42; 2 Samuel 21:11, with feminine Isaiah 21:2; not in Priests' Code).

• Genesis 27:42 (Jehovist Source)
• Genesis 31:22 (Elohist Source)
• Deuteronomy 17:4; Joshua 9:24 (Deuteronomic Source)
• Followed by לֵאמֹר Genesis 22:20; Genesis 38:13; 1 Samuel 15:12
• Followed by clause with כִּי Exodus 14:5; 1 Samuel 23:7; 1 Kings 2:29

¹ HPS: Henry Preserved Smith, Commentary on the Books of Samuel (International Critical Commentary).

² Septuagint (Codex Vaticanus/Alexandrinus).

Preposition, Verb Hiphil infinitive construct common

LXX: ἀπήγγειλεν ἀπηγγέλη ἀνήγγειλαν ἀνήγγειλεν ἀνηγγέλη

LXX Usage Statistics

H5046:

ἀπήγγειλεν 49× (12.8%)

ἀπηγγέλη 27× (6.8%)

ἀνήγγειλαν 21× (5.2%)

ἀνήγγειλεν 16× (4.1%)

ἀνηγγέλη 15× (3.9%)

ἀναγγελεῖ 13× (3.5%)

ἀπαγγελῶ 10× (2.7%)

ἀναγγεῖλαι 10× (2.6%)

ἀπαγγεῖλαι 10× (2.8%)

ἀναγγείλατε 9× (2.5%)

לאחאב לְאַחְאָב

to Brother of Father

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אחאב

ʼAchʼâb

Definition

Achab, the name of a king of Israel and of a prophet at Babylon

Root

once (by contraction) אחב (Jeremiah 29:22); from H251 (אח) and H1 (אב); brother (i.e. friend) of (his) father;

Exhaustive

once (by contraction) אחב (Jeremiah 29:22); from אח and אב; brother (i.e. friend) of (his) father; Achab, the name of a king of Israel and of a prophet at Babylon; Ahab.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H256

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אַחְאָב

noun proper masculine • Root אב אח • Strongs_Numbers • Page 95

Ahab (father's brother, friend of God).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אַחְאָב

m. proper name • Root אח אב • Page 37

(father's brother) proper name of a king of Israel about the year 900 before Christ, characterized as a weak prince and an idolater.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H256

I. אַחְאָב (91 times) proper name masculine — Ahab (father's brother; = אֲחִיאָב Nöldeke Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 1886, 172, Ἀχίαβος was a nephew of Herod; compare like name in Syriac, given ob maximum cum parte suo similitudinem, Bar Hebraeus Chronicon Ecclesiasticum 2.23 compare LCB 1879, 1339. In many cases, however, the meaning of proper names compared with אָח is dubious, & perfect consistency, especially in comparison with compounds of אָב, seems impossible; compare remark below אֲבִיאֵל and further Wellhausen Skizzen und Vorarbeiten, iii. 1 f, Delitzsch Prolegomena, cap. vi).

— אַחְאָב 1 Kings 16:28 +; וְכַאֲחָב Jeremiah 29:22 —

1. son of Omri, king of Israel:
   • 1 Kings 16:28, 1 Kings 16:29
   • 1 Kings 18:1, 1 Kings 18:2, 1 Kings 18:3
   • 1 Kings 20:2, 1 Kings 20:13, 1 Kings 20:14 (41 times in 1 Kings)
   • 27 times in 2 Kings
   • 14 times in 2 Chronicles
   • Micah 6:16
2. false prophet, time of Jeremiah:
   • Jeremiah 29:21, Jeremiah 29:22

II. אַחָב see אַחְאָב.

¹ Theodor Nöldeke, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZDMG), 1886, p. 172.

² Bar Hebraeus, Chronicon Ecclesiasticum, vol. 2, p. 23.

³ LCB 1879, 1339 – likely a specific journal or work reference; exact title unclear from provided key.

⁴ Julius Wellhausen, Skizzen und Vorarbeiten, vol. iii, pp. 1 f.

⁵ Friedrich Delitzsch, Prolegomena eines neuen hebräisch-aramäischen Wörterbuchs zum Alten Testament, cap. vi.

Preposition, Noun proper name masculine

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0256:

No stats available

ולא וְלֹא

and not

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

לא

lôʼ

Definition

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

Root

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles; [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3808

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֹא

negative particle • Root אל • Strongs / High • Page 759

A negative particle; not, no. It functions as an absolute negative, a negative answer to a question, or a refusal. Used with verbs in various tenses and moods to express negation or prohibition.

לֹא

particle • Strongs / High • Page 761

A K'ri reading for לוֹ.

לֹא

adverb / particle • Strongs / High • Page 760

Not; No; Nothing (substantive use); Before (cognate sense to טֶרֶם).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֹא

adverb • Page 338

A primitive adverb of negation (more rarely לוֹא). 1. not. 2. no (Gen. 19:2). 3. nothing (Job 6:21). 4. without (1 Chr. 2:30). 5. interrogative, nonne? (Jon. 4:11). 6. lest, that not (Ex. 28:32). 7. In combination with adjectives/substantives it gives a negative signification (e.g., לֹא עֹז without strength).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3808

I. לֹא or לוֺא (approximate number of occurrences: 5048) adverb — not.

Cognates:

• Arabic لا
• Aramaic לָא
• Sabean לא
• Assyrian lâ
• (Not in Ethiopic: compare Kö¹ ii. 1. 236; Walker²)

— לוֺא, according to Masora (Fr³), 35 times; besides בְּלוֺא 6 times, and הֲלוֺא, the orthography of which varies much, e.g. in Samuel always הֲלוֺא, in Chronicles always הֲלֹא, on the whole הֲלוֺא 141 times, הֲלֹא 128 times; twice, according to Masora, written לו (קרי לֹא), 1 Samuel 2:16; 1 Samuel 20:2, once לה Deuteronomy 3:11 כתיב: — not — denying objectively, like Greek οὐ (not μὴ = אַל).

1. In predication

a. With a verb

• With finite tenses: Genesis 2:5, Genesis 4:5 (perfect); Genesis 3:4, Genesis 8:21–22 (imperfect).
• In circumstantial clauses: Genesis 44:4 לא הרחיקו, Isaiah 40:20 לֹא יִמּוֺט.
• With final force: Isaiah 41:7; Exodus 28:32 (see GKC⁴ §156. 3).
• Governing two verbs: Exodus 28:43 וְלֹא יִשְׂאוּ עָוֺן וָמֵתוּ, Leviticus 19:12.
• Expressing prohibition: Genesis 2:17 לֹא תאֹכַל מִמֶּנּוּ thou shall not eat of it, Exodus 20:13 לא תגנב.
• With jussive/cohortative (rare): Genesis 24:8; 1 Samuel 14:36.

b. With the infinitive

Only once in בְּלֹא (4a), and with לְ, in the sense of cannot or must not:

• Judges 1:19 כי לא להורישׁ for it was not possible to dispossess.
• Amos 6:10 לא להזכיר בשׁם י׳.

c. Negating the word immediately following

• Genesis 32:29 לֹא יַעֲקֹב יֵאָמֵר עוֺד not Jacob shall thy name be called any more.
• Genesis 45:8 לֹא אַתֶּם שְׁלַחְתֶּם אֹתִי not ye have sent me hither, but God.
• Rhetorically: 2 Kings 6:10 not once, and not twice (but repeatedly).

d. Standing alone

• אִם לֹא if not: Genesis 18:21, Genesis 42:16.
• In answer to a question (Nay): Judges 12:5 ויאמר לא, Genesis 23:11 לא אדני.

e. With interrogative force

• Jonah 4:11, Job 2:10, Exodus 8:22.

2. Not in predication

a. Coupled to an adjective (litotes)

• Hosea 13:13 בן לא־חכם an unwise son.
• Psalm 36:5 דֶּרֶךְ לֹא טוֺב a way not good.

b. With a participle

• Jeremiah 2:2 ארץ לא זרועה.
• Isaiah 62:12 עִיר לֹא נֱעֶזָ֫בָה.

c. With nouns or prepositional phrases

• Genesis 15:13 בארץ לא להם.
• Habakkuk 1:6 מִשְׁכָּנוֺת לֹא־לוֺ.

d. With a substantive forming a compound (un-)

• Deuteronomy 32:21 בְּלֹא אֵל with a not-God.
• Amos 6:13 הַשְּׂמֵחִים לְלֹא דָבָר at a thing which is not.
• Isaiah 10:15 מַטֶּה לֹא עֵץ what is no wood.

e. In circumstantial clauses

• 2 Samuel 23:4 בֹּקֶר לֹא עָבוֺת a morning without clouds.
• Job 34:24 לֹא חֵקֶר without inquiry.

3. As a substantive

Job 6:21 כִּי־עַתָּה הֱיִיתֶם לֹא for now are ye become nothing (compare Aramaic Daniel 4:32).

4. With prefixes

a. בְּלֹא — without

• Jeremiah 22:13 בלא־צדק without justice.
• Job 8:11 בְּלֹא בִצָּה without mire.
• Of time: Leviticus 15:25 בלא עֶת־נִדָּתָהּ outside the time of her impurity.

b. הֲלֹא — nonne?

Inviting an affirmative answer; often used in conversation to win assent:

• Genesis 13:9 Is not the whole land before thee?
• Exodus 4:11 Do not I?
• As a rhetorical affirmative: 1 Kings 11:41 הֲלֹא הֵם כְּתוּבִים are they not written...?

c. וָלֹ֕א — and if not

• 2 Samuel 13:26; 2 Kings 5:17.

d. כְּלוֺא — as though not

• Obadiah 1:16 והיו כלוא היו as though they had not been.

e. לְלֹא — without

• 2 Chronicles 15:3; Amos 6:13.

Note on Orthography: Fifteen times, according to Masora, לא is written by error for לוֺ, e.g., Exodus 21:8; Leviticus 11:21; Isaiah 9:2; Psalm 100:3; Job 13:15 (always with קרי לוֺ).

Aramaic

I. לָא (לָה Daniel 4:32) adverb not (Biblical Hebrew לא).

1. literally not
   • Jeremiah 10:11; Daniel 2:5, 9, 10 etc.
   • before a participle: Daniel 2:27, 43; Daniel 3:16.
   • Daniel 4:32 כְּלָה חֲשׁיבִין as men not accounted of.
2. with infinitive and לְ (must not / cannot)
   • Daniel 6:9 דִּי לָא לִהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be altered.
   • Ezra 6:8.
3. interrogative הֲלָא
   • Daniel 3:24; Daniel 4:27; Daniel 6:13.

¹ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

² Dean A. Walker, "The Semitic Negative," American Journal of Semitic Languages (1896).

³ S. Frensdorff, Die Massora Magna (1876).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

⁵ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (1892).

Conjunction, Particle negative

LXX: οὐκ οὐ μὴ οὐδὲ οὐχ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3808:

οὐκ 1137× (34.5%)

οὐ 797× (24.2%)

μὴ 184× (5.6%)

οὐδὲ 150× (4.5%)

οὐχ 127× (3.9%)

οὐχὶ 120× (3.6%)

--- 98× (3.0%)

'' 94× (2.4%)

---% 62× (1.5%)

οὐκέτι 50× (1.4%)

ימצאך יִמְצָאֲךָ

he is finding yourself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מצא

mâtsâʼ

Definition

properly, to come forth to, i.e. appear or exist; transitively, to attain, i.e. find or acquire; figuratively, to occur, meet or be present

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to come forth to, i.e. appear or exist; transitively, to attain, i.e. find or acquire; figuratively, to occur, meet or be present; [phrase] be able, befall, being, catch, [idiom] certainly, (cause to) come (on, to, to hand), deliver, be enough (cause to) find(-ing, occasion, out), get (hold upon), [idiom] have (here), be here, hit, be left, light (up-) on, meet (with), [idiom] occasion serve, (be) present, ready, speed, suffice, take hold on.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4672

ך

Definition

you, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 2nd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9031

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מָצָא

verb • Root מצא • Strongs / High • Page 755

to find for one

מָצָא

verb • Strongs / High • Page 891

To step forth into appearance, to become visible, to appear, to exist; to discover.

מָצָא

verb • Root מצא • Strongs / High • Page 892

A verb with multiple meanings across different conjugations (binyanim). Kal: to find, discover, make known, explain; to possess; to happen to, befall; to reach, attain, obtain, suffice. Niphal (נִמְצָא): to be understood, be found, to exist, be manifest. Hiphil (הִמְצִיא): to let one attain, acquire, find; to requite; to cause to come; to deliver over.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מָצָא

verb • Page 397

1. To find (Gen. 2:20; 1 Sam. 10:7); to solve a riddle (Judg. 14:18). 2. To get, obtain, acquire (Prov. 3:13); to meet with affliction (Ps. 116:3). 3. To befall or happen to any one (Gen. 44:34; Ex. 18:8). 4. To suffice or be sufficient (Num. 11:22; Judg. 21:14). 5. More rarely to seek (1 Sam. 20:21). Niph. 1. To be found. 2. To be found or be in any place (Gen. 47:14); to exist, to be present (Gen. 19:15; Ezra 8:25). 3. Spoken of God, to let himself be found (i.e. to hear or answer them) (1 Chr. 28:9; Jer. 29:13). 4. To be acquired or possessed by any one (Deut. 21:17; Josh. 17:16). Hiph. 1. To cause to find or to participate (Job 34:11). 2. To cause to come, to deliver up (2 Sam. 3:8; Zech. 11:6). 5. To present (Lev. 9:12, 13, 18).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4672

I. מָצָא (approximate number of occurrences: 452) verb — attain to, find.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Assyrian mašû¹
• Ethiopic maṣʾa come, arrive
• Aramaic מְצָא find, Passive participle מְצֵא able, powerful²

— מָצָא Qal Perfect Genesis 2:20 +, suffix מְצָאוֺ Job 31:29, 3 feminine singular מָֽצְאָה Genesis 8:9 +, suffix מְצָאַתְנוּ Judges 6:13; Nehemiah 9:32, מְצָאָ֫תַם Exodus 18:18; 2 masculine singular מָצָאתָ Genesis 31:37 +; 1 singular מָצָאתִי Genesis 18:3 +, מָצָתִי Numbers 11:11, suffix מְצָאתִיו Songs 3:1, 2, מְצָאתִיהוּ Songs 5:6; 3 plural מָֽצְאוּ Judges 21:14 +; suffix מְצָאנֻהוּ Job 37:23, etc.; Imperfect יִמְצָא 1 Samuel 24:20 +, 3 feminine singular תִּמְצָא 1 Samuel 1:18 +; 3 masculine plural יִמְצְאוּ Judges 5:30 +, suffix יִמְצָאֻהוּ Job 20:8 יִמְצָאֻנְנִי Proverbs 1:28; Proverbs 8:17, יִמְצָאוּנְהָ Jeremiah 2:24; 3 feminine plural תִּמְצֶאןָ Deuteronomy 31:21 etc.; Imperative מְצָא 1 Samuel 20:21, 36, וּמְצָאֿ Proverbs 3:4; masculine plural מִצְאוּ Jeremiah 6:16; feminine plural וּמְצֶאןָ Ruth 1:9; Infinitive מְצאֹ, מְצוֺא Psalm 32:6; Genesis 19:11 +, suffix בְּמֹצַאֲכֶם Genesis 32:20³; Participle מוֺצֵא Psalm 119:162, מוֺצֶה Ecclesiastes 7:26, suffix מֹצְאִי Genesis 4:14; Proverbs 8:35; feminine singular absolute מֹצֵאת 2 Samuel 18:22, מוֺצֵאת Songs 8:10; masculine plural מֹצְאִים Numbers 15:33, construct מֹצְאֵי Proverbs 8:9; feminine plural absolute מֹצְאוֺת Joshua 2:23, etc.

1. Qal

1. Find

• a. Thing sought, with accusative of thing: straw Exodus 5:11 (Jehovist Source), water Genesis 26:32 (Jehovist Source), compare Genesis 26:19, Exodus 15:22 (Jehovist Source), grass 1 Kings 18:5, help, consort Genesis 2:20 (Jehovist Source); with idea of attaining to a resting-place Genesis 8:9 (Jehovist Source), Isaiah 34:14 compare צִמּוֺר מָֽצְאָה בַּיִת Psalm 84:4; Jeremiah 45:3; Lamentations 1:3; of marriage Ruth 1:9; of finding place for temple Psalm 132:5; figurative וּמִצְאוּ מַרְגּוֺעַ לְנַפְשְׁכֶם Jeremiah 6:16 and find quiet for yourselves; find grave Job 3:22; reach cities 2 Samuel 20:6, compare Psalm 107:4; secure prey, booty Genesis 27:20 (Jehovist Source), Judges 5:30; Judges 21:12; 1 Samuel 14:30; Proverbs 1:13; securing gain Hosea 12:9 (+ לִי); secure as crop Genesis 26:12 (Jehovist Source), compare Ecclesiastes 11:1; acquire wounds Proverbs 6:33; מָצָא חֵן בְּעֵינֵי find favor in the eyes of: Genesis 6:8; Exodus 33:12–13, 16–17; Genesis 18:3; Ruth 2:2; figurative of grounds of accusation Job 33:10; find knowledge of God Proverbs 2:5; wisdom Job 32:13; life Proverbs 8:35; with accusative of person Genesis 18:26, 41:38 (Elohist Source); find יהוה Hosea 5:6; Deuteronomy 4:29; Psalm 32:6.
• b. What is lost, missed: Genesis 31:32–37 (Elohist Source); Deuteronomy 22:3; Leviticus 5:22 (Priests' Code); וַיִּלְאוּ לִמְצֹא הַמָּ֑תַח Genesis 19:11; find a word Nehemiah 5:8; answer Job 32:3; with accusative of person Genesis 38:20 (Jehovist Source), 1 Kings 18:10.
• c. Meet, encounter: Genesis 32:20 (Elohist Source), 2 Kings 9:21, Jeremiah 41:12.
• d. Find a condition: וְלֹא מָצָא לָהּ בְּתוּלִים Deuteronomy 22:14; 2 Kings 19:8 found the king warring; Nehemiah 9:8; מָצָא כָּתוּב Nehemiah 7:5.
• e. Learn, devise: Ecclesiastes 7:27, 29.
• f. Experience: sorrow Psalm 116:3, compare Ecclesiastes 7:14.

2. Find out

• a. Find out thoroughly, explore: Job 11:7; Job 37:23; God's works Ecclesiastes 3:11; 8:17.
• b. Detect sin, crime: 2 Kings 17:4; 1 Samuel 29:3; Hosea 12:9; מָצָא עֲוֺן עֲבָדֶיךָ Genesis 44:16 (Jehovist Source).
• c. Guess, solve riddle: Judges 14:12, 18.

3. Come upon, light upon

• a. Often unexpectedly = happen upon: money Genesis 44:8 (Jehovist Source), book 2 Kings 22:8; honey Proverbs 25:16, a plain Genesis 11:2 (Jehovist Source); with accusative of person Genesis 4:14; 1 Samuel 30:11; Deuteronomy 22:23.
• b. Hit: subject bowmen 1 Samuel 31:3; subject axe Deuteronomy 19:5.
• c. Subject hand: Isaiah 10:14; Ecclesiastes 9:10; sin will light upon you Numbers 32:23.
• d. Subject fire: Exodus 22:5 (Elohist Source).
• e. Befall: Joshua 2:23 (JE Source); of evil Genesis 44:34 (Jehovist Source), Deuteronomy 31:17, Judges 6:13.

4. Noteworthy phrases

• כַּאֲשֶׁר תִּמְצָא יָדֶ֑ךָ Judges 9:33 according to what thy hand findeth, i.e., as occasion demands.
• וְלֹא יִמְצָאֻהוּ Job 20:8 = he shall not be, shall no longer exist.
• מָצָא אֶת־לִבּוֺ לְהִתְפַּלֵּל 2 Samuel 7:27 he found the heart (took courage) to pray.
• לֹא מָֽצְאוּ יְדֵיהֶם Psalm 76:6 did not find their hands, i.e., were paralyzed.
• וּמָצָא לָהֶם Numbers 11:22 (Jehovist-Elohist Source) be found enough for them.

2. Niphal

Passive of Qal, be found:

1. General passive uses:
   • a. Of a thing lost: 1 Samuel 9:20; stolen Genesis 44:9; wisdom Job 28:12.
   • b. Of thing found unexpectedly: book 2 Kings 22:13; corpse Deuteronomy 21:1.
   • c. Be lighted upon: breaches 2 Kings 12:6; persons in captured city 2 Kings 25:19.
   • d. Be found written: Nehemiah 13:1; Esther 6:2.
   • e. Appeared, recognized: words of יהוה Jeremiah 15:16.
   • f. Of persons sought: Genesis 18:29; of יהוה, let himself be found Isaiah 65:1; Jeremiah 29:14; 2 Chronicles 15:2.
   • g. Be discovered, detected: iniquity Exodus 22:3; wrong-doers Deuteronomy 22:22.
2. Be found = be:
   • a. In hand: 1 Samuel 9:8; happens to have.
   • b. In possession: Deuteronomy 21:17.
   • c. In a place: especially of wealth Genesis 47:14; 2 Kings 12:19; be no more Psalm 37:36.
   • d. Be left after war: 1 Samuel 13:19; 2 Kings 19:4.
   • e. Be present: Genesis 19:15; 1 Samuel 13:15; late 1 Chronicles 29:17.
3. Be sufficient: Joshua 17:16 (JE Source).

3. Hiphil

1. Cause to find: Job 34:11 (subject God).
2. Cause to light upon: Job 37:13.
3. Cause to encounter: deliver up to 2 Samuel 3:8; Zechariah 11:6.
4. Present offering: unto (אֶל־) Leviticus 9:12, 13, 18.

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (1896).

² Theodor Nöldeke, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZDMG) xl, 736.

³ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (§ 74, 3, R. 2).

Verb Qal imperfect third person masculine singular, Suffix pronominal second person masculine singular

LXX: εὗρον εὗρεν εὑρεθῇ εὑρέθη εὕρῃ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4672:

εὗρον 51× (10.7%)

εὗρεν 49× (10.1%)

εὑρεθῇ 23× (4.9%)

εὑρέθη 22× (4.6%)

εὕρῃ 16× (3.4%)

εὕρηκα 15× (3.3%)

--- 10× (2.2%)

εὑρέθησαν 9× (1.9%)

εὕρομεν 8× (1.8%)

εὑρήσει 8× (1.8%)

והרגני וַהֲרָגָנִי

and he has slain myself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

הרג

hârag

Definition

to smite with deadly intent

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to smite with deadly intent; destroy, out of hand, kill, murder(-er), put to (death), make (slaughter), slay(-er), [idiom] surely.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2026

ני

Definition

me, personal pronoun - verb/prep. suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9030

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הָרַג

verb • Root הרג • Strongs / High • Page 412

A transitive verb meaning to kill or to murder. It can also mean to destroy, and is used for slaughtering beasts or destroying plants.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הָרַג

verb • Root הרג • Page 193

to kill, slay; construed with an accus. of the person, rarely with ל, 2 Sam.3:30. Job 5:2. with ב, 2Chr.28:9 ye have slain them. Ps.78:31. Figuratively Ps. 78 : 47 וַיַּהֲרֵג בַּבָּרָד גַּפְנָם he killed their vines with hail.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2026

I. הָרַג verb — kill, slay.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id., ואהרג MI¹ (1 singular Imperfect consecutive)
• Arabic هرج fall into war, conflict, disorder, slaughter
• Sabean הרג fight Os², kill SabDenkm³

— הָרַג Perfect 3 masculine singular הָרַג Judges 9:24 (4 times), הָרָ֑ג 2 Samuel 14:7 (2 times), וְהָרַג consecutive Isaiah 27:1; suffix וַהֲרָגָ֑נִי consecutive 1 Samuel 16:2 (2 times); הֲרָגוֺ Genesis 4:25; etc.; Imperfect יַהֲרֹג Psalm 10:8 (4 times); יַהֲרָגֿ Job 5:2; וַיַּהֲרֹג Exodus 13:15 (14 times); suffix יַהַרְגֵנִי Genesis 4:14; 1 singular אֶהֱרוֺג Amos 2:3, אֶהֱרֹג Amos 9:1; cohortative וְאַהַרְגָה Genesis 27:41; suffix וָאֶהֶרְגֵהוּ 2 Samuel 4:10; 2 Kings 10:9; 3 masculine plural יַהֲרֹ֑גוּ Psalm 94:6; Ezekiel 23:47; וַיַּהַרְגוּ Genesis 34:25 (4 times); suffix יַהַרְגֻנִי Genesis 26:7, etc.; Imperative הֲרֹג Judges 8:20; suffix הָרְגֵנִי Numbers 11:15; plural הִרְגוּ Numbers 25:5 (2 times); הֲרֹ֑גוּ Numbers 31:17; Infinitive absolute הָרֹג Numbers 11:15 (2 times); הָרוֺג Esther 9:16; construct הֲרֹג Exodus 2:15 (11 times); הֲרוֺג Ecclesiastes 3:8; Esther 7:4; suffix הָרְגֵנִי Exodus 2:14; הָרְגֵנוּ Exodus 5:21; הֲרָגְךָ 1 Samuel 24:11; הָרְגֶ֑ךָ Genesis 27:42 (2 times); הָרְגוֺ Exodus 21:14; Participle active הֹרֵג Genesis 4:15 (4 times); הוֺרֵג Ezekiel 21:16; הֹרְגֶ֑ךָ Ezekiel 28:9; הֹרְגִים Jeremiah 4:31; 2 Kings 17:25; passive plural הֲרוּגִים Isaiah 10:4 (2 times); הֲרֻגִים Isaiah 14:19; construct הֲרֻגֵי Jeremiah 18:21; suffix הֲרוּגָיו Isaiah 27:7; הֲרוּגֶיהָ Isaiah 26:21; הֲרֻגֶיהָ Proverbs 7:26.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Kill, slay, implying ruthless violence, especially private violence

• Genesis 4:8, 14, 15, 23, 25; Genesis 12:12; Genesis 26:7; Genesis 27:41–42; Genesis 34:25–26; Genesis 37:20, 26; Genesis 49:6 (Yahwist Source⁴)
• Genesis 20:11 (Elohist Source⁵)
• Exodus 2:14–15; Exodus 5:21; Exodus 21:14; Exodus 23:7 (JE Source⁷)
• Numbers 31:19 (Priests' Code⁶)
• Judges 9:5, 18, 24, 56; Judges 16:2; Judges 20:5
• 1 Samuel 16:2; 1 Samuel 22:21; 1 Samuel 24:11–12, 18
• 2 Samuel 3:30; 2 Samuel 4:10–12; 2 Samuel 12:9; 2 Samuel 14:7; 2 Samuel 23:21
• 1 Kings 2:5, 32; 1 Kings 18:12–14; 1 Kings 19:1, 10, 14
• 2 Kings 9:31; 2 Kings 10:9
• Psalm 10:8; Psalm 94:6 ("" רִצֵּחַ)
• Esther 3:13; Esther 7:4 (לְהַשְׁמיִד לַהֲרֹג וּלְאַבֵּד); Esther 9:6, 10, 12, 15–16

b. Hence of wholesale slaughter after battle

• Numbers 31:7, 8, 17 (Priests' Code⁶)
• Joshua 8:24; Joshua 10:11 (JE Source⁷); Joshua 13:22 (Priests' Code⁶)
• Judges 7:25; Judges 8:17; Judges 9:45
• 2 Samuel 10:18
• 1 Kings 9:16; 1 Kings 11:24
• 2 Kings 8:12; 2 Kings 11:8
• Isaiah 10:4; Isaiah 14:19
• Jeremiah 18:21 הֲרֻגֵי מָוֶת ("" מֻכֵּי־חֶרֶב)
• Ezekiel 26:8, 11; Ezekiel 23:10, 47

2. Of God's slaying in judgment

• Genesis 20:4 (Elohist Source⁵)
• Exodus 4:23; Exodus 13:15; Exodus 22:23 (JE Source⁷)
• Amos 2:3; Amos 4:10; Amos 9:1, 4
• Lamentations 2:4, 21; Lamentations 3:43
• Psalm 78:31, 34; Psalm 135:10; Psalm 136:18
• figurative הֲרַגְתִּים בְּאִמְרֵי־פִי Hosea 6:5 ("" בַּנְּבִיאִים חָצַבְתִּי)

3. Rarely of judicial killing by men

(at God's command):

• Exodus 32:27 (JE Source⁷)
• Leviticus 20:15–16 (Holiness Code⁸)
• Numbers 25:5 (JE Source⁷)
• Deuteronomy 13:10; Ezekiel 9:6

4. Of killing beasts

• Numbers 22:29 (Yahwist Source⁴)
• Isaiah 22:13 (oxen; "" שָׁחֹט)
• Isaiah 27:1 (הִתַּנִּין אֲשֶׁר בַּיָּ֑ם)
• of vines Psalm 78:47 (by hail)

5. Of killing by beasts

• 2 Kings 17:25 (lions)
• Job 20:16 (viper)

6. General usage

• Ecclesiastes 3:3 (עֵת לַהֲרוֺג וְעֵת לִרְמּוֺא)

7. Destroy, ruin

• Job 5:2 (לֶאֱוִיל יַהֲרָג־כָּעַשׂ)
• Proverbs 1:32 (מְשׁוּבַת פְּתָיִם תַּהַרְגֵם)
• Proverbs 7:26 (ruined by shameless woman)

Regular construction is with accusative; object sometimes omitted, as Lamentations 2:21; used absolute Hosea 9:13, Jeremiah 4:31, Ezekiel 21:16; followed by בְּ slay among, i.e. some of, 2 Kings 17:25, Psalm 78:31; followed by מִן (part of) + accusative 1 Chronicles 19:18; followed by direct object with לְ 2 Samuel 3:30, Job 5:2.

Niph`al Imperfect — 1. passive of Qal 1.a: יֵהָרֵג Lamentations 2:20. 2. passive of Qal 1.b: תֵּהָרַגְנָה Ezekiel 26:6; also Ezekiel 26:15 בֵּהָרֵג הֶרֶג ( = בְּהֵהָרֵג), but Septuagint¹⁰ and Cornill⁹ read בַּהֲרֹג חֶרֶב.

Pu`al Perfect — הֹרָ֑ג Isaiah 27:7 be slain (passive of Qal 1.b); הֹרַגְנוּ Psalm 44:23 ("" נֶחְשַׁבְּנוּ כְּצאֹן טִבְחָה).

¹ Mesha Inscription (Moabite Stone).

² Osiander, ZDMG, 1856.

³ Mordtmann & Müller, Sabäische Denkmäler, 1883.

⁴ Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁵ Elohist Source.

⁶ Priests' Code / Narrative.

⁷ Jehovist-Elohist Source.

⁸ Holiness Code.

⁹ Carl Heinrich Cornill.

¹⁰ Septuagint.

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential perfect third person masculine singular, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX: ἀπέκτεινεν ἀπέκτειναν ἀποκτεῖναι ἀπέκτεινα αὐτοὺσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2026:

ἀπέκτεινεν 23× (12.2%)

ἀπέκτειναν 19× (10.9%)

ἀποκτεῖναι 8× (4.6%)

ἀπέκτεινα 7× (3.9%)

αὐτοὺσ 6× (2.6%)

ἀποκτείνατε 5× (2.9%)

ἀπέκτεινασ 5× (3.0%)

αὐτούσ 5× (2.4%)

ἀποκτενῶ 4× (2.3%)

ἀνελεῖ 4× (2.3%)

ועבדך וְעַבְדְּךָ

and slave of yourself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

עבד

ʻebed

Definition

a servant

Root

from H5647 (עבד);

Exhaustive

from עבד; a servant; [idiom] bondage, bondman, (bond-) servant, (man-) servant.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5650

ך

Definition

your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9021

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עֶבֶד

noun masculine • Root עבד • Strongs / High • Page 1043

A servant, a slave (whether acquired by captivity/debt/purchase, or born in the house).

עֶבֶד

noun masculine • Root עבד • Strongs / High • Page 1044

slave, servant, bondman, subject, willing dependent, instrument; used often as a title of devotion or respect (worshipper, devotee); metaphor for messengers/ambassadors of God, angels, prophets.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עֶבֶד

noun masculine • Root עבד • Page 486

A servant, courtier, or military officer. Also an honourable title of pious and holy men (e.g., Moses, Joshua, Job, David). Often used as a humble self-reference in the first person. Refs: Gen. 9:25, 1 Sam. 16:17, Deut. 34:5, Josh. 1:1, Ps. 18:1.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5650

I. עֶ֫בֶד (approximate number of occurrences: 799) noun masculine¹ — slave, servant.

— עֶ֫בֶד Genesis 9:25 +, עָ֑בֶד Genesis 44:10 +; suffix עַבְדִּי Genesis 26:24 +; עַבְדְּךָ Genesis 19:19 +; עַבְדֶּ֫ךָ Genesis 18:3 +; plural עֲבָדִים Genesis 9:25 +, construct עַבְדֵי Genesis 21:25 +, suffix עֲבָדַי Leviticus 25:42 +, עַבְדֵיכֶם Joshua 9:11 +, etc.

1. Slave or servant

• of household Genesis 39:17, 19; Genesis 41:12; Genesis 50:2; Exodus 21:2 +
• man-servant, "" אמה Exodus 20:10; Leviticus 25:6; Deuteronomy 5:14; Job 31:13 +; "" שׁפחה Genesis 12:16; Genesis 32:6; Jeremiah 34:11; Isaiah 14:2 +; + אדון Deuteronomy 23:16; Isaiah 24:2; Malachi 1:6 +
• מִקְנַת כֶּסֶף Exodus 12:44 or יְלִיד בַּיִת Jeremiah 2:14
• עֶבֶד עֲבָדִים servant of servants, humblest servant, Genesis 9:25
• בֵּית עֲבָדִים house of slaves, especially Israel in Egypt Exodus 13:3, 14 (Deuteronomic Source ?) Deuteronomy 5:6; Deuteronomy 6:12; Deuteronomy 7:8; Deuteronomy 8:14; Deuteronomy 13:6; Deuteronomy 13:11; Joshua 24:17; Judges 6:8; Jeremiah 34:13; Micah 6:4
• וזכרת כי עבד היית ב(ארץׅ מצרים and thou shalt remember that thou wast a slave in (the land of) Egypt Deuteronomy 5:15; Deuteronomy 15:15; Deuteronomy 16:12; Deuteronomy 24:18, 22
• King of Babylon is slave to יהוה Jeremiah 25:9; Jeremiah 27:6; Jeremiah 43:10; the borrower to the lender Proverbs 22:7; figurative of beast Job 40:28; of things Genesis 47:19

2. Subjects

• of chief Genesis 26:15, 19, 25, 32; Genesis 27:37; Genesis 32:17 (twice) +
• of king Genesis 21:25; Exodus 7:28; Exodus 7:29; 1 Kings 9:27; Deuteronomy 29:1 +
• vassal kings 2 Samuel 10:19; tributary nations 2 Samuel 8:2, 6, 14 = 1 Chronicles 18:2, 6, 13
• specifically officers of king 1 Samuel 19:1; 1 Samuel 21:8; 2 Samuel 11:13; Proverbs 14:35 +; עַבְדֵי פַרְעֹה Genesis 40:20; Genesis 41:10; שָׁאוּל ע׳ 1 Samuel 16:17; 1 Samuel 18:22; 1 Samuel 28:7; הַמֶּלֶךְ ע׳ 1 Kings 1:47; Esther 3:3 +; עֶבֶד הַמֶּלֶךְ 2 Kings 22:12 (2 Chronicles 34:20) (a court official)
• opposed to שַׂר Proverbs 19:10; Ecclesiastes 10:7; מֶלֶךְ Proverbs 30:22
• ambassadors Numbers 22:18; 2 Samuel 10:2; soldiers of army 1 Samuel 17:8; 1 Samuel 25:10; 2 Samuel 2:12, + officers of army 1 Samuel 29:3; 1 Kings 11:26; 2 Kings 25:8; Isaiah 36:9

3. Servants, worshippers of God

• עַבְדֵי יהוה 2 Kings 9:7; 2 Kings 10:23; Isaiah 54:17, compare Genesis 50:17; Isaiah 56:6
• עֲבָדָיו Deuteronomy 32:36 = Psalm 135:14; Isaiah 65:15; Isaiah 66:14; Psalm 34:23; Psalm 69:37; Nehemiah 2:20; "" עַמּוֺ Psalm 105:25 compare Deuteronomy 32:43; עֲבָּדַי Isaiah 65:8, 9, 13 (twice)
• specifically angels Job 4:18
• ancient worthies, patriarchs Exodus 32:13 (Jehovist Source), Deuteronomy 9:27; Abraham Genesis 26:24 (Jehovist Source), Psalm 105:6, 42; Isaac Genesis 24:14 (Jehovist Source); Jacob, Israel Ezekiel 28:25; Ezekiel 37:25; 1 Chronicles 16:13
• Moses Exodus 14:31; Joshua 18:7 (Jehovist Source), Numbers 12:7, 8 (Elohist Source), Deuteronomy 34:5, Joshua 1:1, 2, 7, 13, 15 (all Deuteronomic Source), 1 Kings 8:53, 56; Nehemiah 1:8; Malachi 3:22; Daniel 9:11
• Joshua Joshua 24:29 (Elohist Source); Caleb Numbers 14:24 (Jehovist Source); Job Job 1:8; Job 2:3; Job 42:7, 8; David 2 Samuel 3:18; 2 Samuel 7:5, 8, 26; Zerubbabel Haggai 2:23; Eliakim Isaiah 22:20
• The צֶמַח Zechariah 3:8; compare Zechariah 6:12 is also servant of יהוה as Messianic builder of temple²

4. Servant of יהוה, in a special sense

• of Levitical singers Psalm 113:1; Psalm 134:1; Psalm 135:1
• usually of prophets, עֲבָדַי הַנְּבִיאִים my servants the prophets 2 Kings 9:7; 2 Kings 17:13; Jeremiah 7:25; Jeremiah 26:5; Jeremiah 29:19; Jeremiah 35:15; Jeremiah 44:4; Ezekiel 38:17; Zechariah 1:6
• specifically Ahia 1 Kings 14:18; Elijah 2 Kings 9:36; Jonah 2 Kings 14:25; Isaiah Isaiah 20:3; עַבְדּוֺ, "" מלאכיו Isaiah 44:26

5. Israel as a people is servant of יהוה

• יִשְׂרָאֵל Isaiah 41:8, 9; Isaiah 44:21; Isaiah 49:3; Psalm 136:22; יעקב Isaiah 44:1, 2; Isaiah 45:4; Isaiah 48:20; Jeremiah 30:10; Jeremiah 46:27
• עַבְדִּי = עֶבֶד יהוה, as having a mission to the nations Isaiah 42:19; and witness of יהוה Isaiah 43:10
• Ideal servant chosen to be a covenant of Israel and a light of the nations Isaiah 42:1 (compare Isaiah 42:2–6); formed to bring back Jacob Isaiah 49:5, 6; interposing martyr Isaiah 52:13; Isaiah 53:11. [Messianic, see Matthew 8:16–17; 12:16–21; Luke 4:17–22; Philippians 2:5–11]

6. In polite address

Of equals or superiors the Hebrews used עַבְדְּךָ thy servant = 1 person singular, I:

• Genesis 18:3; 1 Samuel 20:7, 8; 2 Kings 8:13 +; עֲבָדֶיךָ thy servants = we Genesis 42:11; Isaiah 36:11
• Also עַבְדּוֺ his servant = I, 1 Samuel 26:18, 19; 2 Samuel 14:22; 2 Samuel 24:21 +
• Addressing God in prayer: Exodus 4:10; Numbers 11:11; Judges 15:18; 1 Samuel 3:9, 10; 2 Samuel 24:10; Psalm 19:12, 14; Psalm 31:17; Psalm 143:2 +

7. Phrases

• עבד (היה), with לְ person, become servant to Genesis 9:26, 27; Genesis 44:10, 16, 17, 33; Genesis 47:19, 26 (Jehovist Source)
• היה לעבד, with לְ person, Genesis 44:9 (Jehovist Source) Genesis 50:18 (Elohist Source) 1 Samuel 8:17; 1 Samuel 17:9
• כבשׁ לעבדים Nehemiah 5:5; Jeremiah 34:11; לקח לע׳ Genesis 43:18 (Jehovist Source) 2 Kings 4:1; Job 40:28

¹ Lagarde, Bildung der Nomina (1889) (Lag^{BN 77}).

² Briggs, Messianic Prophecy, 1886 (Br^{MP 442 ff}).

Conjunction, Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal second person masculine singular

LXX: παῖδεσ παῖσ δοῦλόσ δούλου παῖδασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5650:

παῖδεσ 70× (8.3%)

παῖσ 68× (8.3%)

δοῦλόσ 53× (6.3%)

δούλου 45× (5.5%)

παῖδασ 41× (4.8%)

παίδων 37× (4.5%)

δούλων 37× (4.6%)

δοῦλόν 30× (3.5%)

δούλῳ 28× (3.3%)

δούλουσ 25× (3.0%)

ירא יָרֵא

he feared

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ירא

yârêʼ

Definition

fearing; morally, reverent

Root

from H3372 (ירא);

Exhaustive

from ירא; fearing; morally, reverent; afraid, fear (-ful).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3373

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָרֵא

verb • Strongs / High • Page 642

1. To tremble, to quake, for fear or from faint-heartedness or joyous surprise. 2. To be afraid, to tremble, to be fearful. 3. To fear, with accusative of person or thing. 4. In a noble sense: to feel awe, to reverence, esteem highly, honour.

יָרֵא

verb • Root ירא • Strongs / High • Page 643

To have religious awe, fear of God; to be pious, faithful, God-fearing; to worship; to turn back or refrain.

יָרֵא

adjective • Root ירא • Strongs / High • Page 643

Fearing, anxious, faint-hearted, in a worldly sense; but usually in a religious meaning.

יָרֵא

unknown • Root ירא • Strongs / High • Page 420

belonging to Nif. נוֹרָא, see יָרֵא.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָרֵא

verb • Page 295

to fear, reverence. [Entry incomplete on page]

יָרֵא

verb • Page 296

1. to fear, to be afraid (Josh. 22:25, Gen. 15:1, 21:17). Construed with an accusative of the person feared (Num. 14:9), with מִפְּנֵי (Josh. 11:6), or with לְ of the person or thing for which one fears (Josh. 9:24). 2. to honour, fear, reverence, revereri; e.g. one's parents (Lev. 19:3), the sanctuary (Lev. 19:30), or an oath (1 Sam. 14:26). Hence יָרֵא אֶת אֱלֹהִים to fear God, equivalent to being virtuous or pious.

יָרֵא

verb • Root ירא • Page 296

1. fearing. Often joined with personal pronouns to form a periphrasis for the finite verb, as יָרֵא אָנֹכִי 'I fear' (Gen. 32:12). 2. more as an adj. fearful (Deut. 20:8). יָרֵא אֱלֹהִים 'fearing God' (Gen. 22:12, Job 1:1).

יִרֵא

verb • Root ירא • Page 296

to terrify, to make afraid (2 Sam. 14:15).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3373

I. יָרֵא (approximate number of occurrences: 62; verbal adjective, see above Participle) verbal adjective — fearing, afraid, reverencing.

— יָרֵא absolute Genesis 32:12; construct יְרֵא Genesis 22:12; plural יְרֵאִים Psalm 115:11; construct יְרֵאֵי Psalm 15:4 + etc.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Fearing (with objective reference)

• Genesis 32:12 (fearing Esau)
• Exodus 9:20 (+ אֶת־דְּבַר יְהוָה)
• Deuteronomy 20:8 (+ רַךְ הַלֵּבָב)

b. Fearing/reverencing God

• Genesis 22:12 (+ אֱלֹהִים)
• Psalm 25:12 (+ יהוה)
• Psalm 128:1
• Malachi 3:16

¹ Derived from the verb יָרֵא (Strong's H3372).

Verb Qal participle active masculine singular absolute

LXX: φοβούμενοσ φοβούμενοι φοβουμένοισ φοβουμένουσ φοβουμένων

LXX Usage Statistics

H3373:

φοβούμενοσ 13× (18.9%)

φοβούμενοι 9× (13.1%)

φοβουμένοισ 9× (12.3%)

φοβουμένουσ 6× (7.9%)

φοβουμένων 5× (7.0%)

θεοσεβήσ 3× (4.9%)

φοβῇ 3× (4.9%)

φοβεῖσθε 2× (3.3%)

φοβοῦμαι 2× (3.3%)

φοβούμενοί 2× (2.8%)

את אֶת־

את-self eternal

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

את

ʼêth

Definition

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

Root

apparent contracted from H226 (אות) in the demonstrative sense of entity;

Exhaustive

apparent contracted from אות in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely); (as such unrepresented in English).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H853

את

ʼêth

Definition

a hoe or other digging implement

Root

of uncertain derivation;

Exhaustive

of uncertain derivation; a hoe or other digging implement; coulter, plowshare.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H855

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵת

particle • Strongs_Numbers • Page 87

Particle used as a sign of the accusative, indicating the definite object of a verb; also used reflexively, or in designations of time and place. Occasionally interchangeable with other prepositions.

אֵת

substantive • Root אות • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

I. Proper substance, being, essence, body, self, essential. It is used as the sign of an accusative, or to give prominence to a noun as subject.

אֵת

preposition • Root אנה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

II. With; expressing fellowship or accompaniment. Properly side, support, lean upon.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Mattock, coulter of a plough, hoe, prop. anything cutting into.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Equivalent to אֵת III., of which it is merely a collateral form.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אוֹת or אֶת

sign of accusative case • Page 35

A sign of the accusative case.

אֶת

com. gen. chald. • Page 81

Equivalent to the Hebrew אוֹת (sign, miracle). Synonymous with תְּמַהּ. References: Dan. 3: 32, 33; 6: 28.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (masc.). Equivalent to אַתָּה. Note: Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (fem.). In pause אָתְּ. Found in Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2. Also sometimes appears as a masculine form (Num. 11: 15; Ezek. 28: 14).

אֵת

ii. particle • Page 81

A primitive particle and sign of the accusative case (with Makk. -אֶת; with suffixes אֹתִי, אֹתָנוּ, etc.). Often denotes the definite direct object but can appear in circumstances where other languages employ the nominative (with passive verbs, neuter verbs, or before a nominative subject). References: Gen. 17: 5; Ex. 10: 8; 1 Sam. 17: 34.

אֵת

preposition • Page 82

1. with, together with (Gen. 4:1); 2. with, near by (Gen. 39:6); 3. in or on a place (1 Sam. 7:16); 4. besides (1 K. 11:25); 5. towards, erga (Ruth 2:20, 2 Sam. 16:17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H853

I. אֵת — the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite (Moabite idem, Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd p. 213 f.); Aramaic יָת frequently in Targum Onkelos; Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. ܐܠܗܐ per se, reapse, ܐܠܗܐ sibi ipsi, PS 1640f., Samaritan ܢܡ; Arabic لله, only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W AG i. § 189. [Ethiopic uses ܐܠܗܐ k£y¹ similarly, Di § 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin.] The primitive form will have been ʾiwyaṯ, originally a substantive with following Genitive, Ol p. 432; whether ultimately a parallel development with אוּת sign from √ אוָה is uncertain: Ol W AG i. § 188 Lag M i. 226 affirm, Nö ZMG 1886, 738 doubts. In Hebrew the ground-form is אוּת; the forms with אֵת, אֶת being abbreviated. In post-Biblical Hebrew, used in combination with another preposition: thus בְּאוּתוֹ הַיּוֹם = Biblical Hebrew בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא, בְּאוּתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה; or as a nomin., e.g. אוּתוֹ הָאִישׁ = Biblical Hebrew הָאִישׁ הַהוּא).

Cognates:

• Moabite idem
• Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd p. 213 f.)
• Aramaic יָת frequently in Targum Onkelos
• Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. ܐܠܗܐ per se, reapse, ܐܠܗܐ sibi ipsi, PS 1640f.
• Samaritan ܢܡ
• Arabic لله, only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W AG i. § 189
• Ethiopic uses ܐܠܗܐ k£y¹ similarly, Di § 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin

1. As mark of the accusative prefixed to substantives defined either by the article (or כָּל), or by a Genitive or pronominal affix, or in virtue of being proper names

• a. With transitive verbs:
  • Genesis 1:1, 16, 29, 30; Genesis 2:11; Genesis 4:1, 2; Genesis 9:3 (אֶת־כָּל) etc.
  • Similarly אֶת־מִי whom (in particular), Joshua 24:15; 1 Samuel 12:3; 1 Samuel 28:11; Isaiah 6:8 and elsewhere (but never אֶת־מָה); also with זֶה Genesis 29:33; Genesis 44:29; 1 Samuel 21:16; 1 Kings 22:27 +, זֹאת Genesis 29:27; 2 Samuel 13:27 +, אַחֲלֶה Genesis 46:18; Leviticus 11:18; Isaiah 49:21 +.
  • So pretty uniformly in prose; but in poetry אֵת is commonly dispensed with.
  • By the use of אֵת with the pronominal affix, a pronoun can at once, if required, be placed in a position of emphasis; let the order of words from this point of view be carefully noticed in the following passages: Genesis 7:1; Genesis 24:14; Genesis 37:4; Leviticus 10:17; Leviticus 11:33; Numbers 22:32 thee I had slain, and her I had kept alive, Deuteronomy 4:14; Deuteronomy 6:13, 23; Deuteronomy 13:5; Judges 14:3 אוּתָהּ קַח־לִי take for me her, 1 Samuel 14:35; 1 Samuel 15:1; 1 Samuel 18:17; 1 Samuel 21:10 אִם־אֶת־הָהִיא תִּקַּח־לְךָ קַח if thou wilt take that, take it, 1 Kings 1:35; 1 Kings 14:9; Isaiah 43:22; Isaiah 57:11; Jeremiah 9:2.
  • So הָאוּתִי Jeremiah 5:22; Jeremiah 7:19.
  • It also sometimes enables the reflexive sense to be expressed (elsewhere נַפְשָׁם) Jeremiah 7:19; Ezekiel 34:2.
  • Rarely with a substantive which is undefined (Ew § 277 d 2 Ges § 117, 1, R. 2), as Exodus 21:28; Numbers 21:9; Leviticus 20:14; 1 Samuel 24:6 (but see Dr) 2 Samuel 4:11; 2 Samuel 18:18; 2 Samuel 23:21; or which, though definite, is without the article, Genesis 21:30; 2 Samuel 15:16; Leviticus 26:5; 1 Samuel 9:3 (so Numbers 16:15) Isaiah 33:19; Isaiah 41:7; Ezekiel 43:10 (for further examples see Ew 1.c.).
• b. With a passive verb (Ges § 121. 1 Ew § 295 b) conceived as expressing neutrally the action in question, and construed accordingly with an accusative of that which is its real object: examples occur with tolerable frequency from Genesis 4:18 (J) וַיִּוָּלֵד לַחֲנוֹךְ אֶת־עִירָד, Genesis 17:5 (P), לֹא יִקָּרֵא עוֹד אֶת־שִׁמְךָ אַבְרָם there shall not be called (=one shall not call) thy name Abram, Genesis 21:5 (E), Genesis 27:42; 2 Samuel 21:11; 1 Kings 18:13; Hosea 10:6 etc., to Jeremiah 35:18; Jeremiah 38:4; Jeremiah 50:20; Ezekiel 16:4, 5; Esther 2:13 (compare Dr JPh xi. 227 f.): also with passive verbs of filling (Ew § 281 b), as Exodus 1:7 +.
• c. With neuter verbs or expressions, especially such as involve the idea of regarding, or treating, appy. by a construction κατά σύνεσιν (rare): Joshua 22:17; 2 Samuel 11:25; Nehemiah 9:32 (compare 1 Samuel 20:13 Dr). Once after אֵין, Haggai 2:17; אֵין אֶתְכֶם אֲלֵי.
• d. Poet. (si vera lectio), after an abstract noun used with a verbal force: Habakkuk 3:13 (Amos 4:11; Isaiah 13:19; Jeremiah 50:40 מַהֲפֵּכָה exerts a verbal force, like the Arabic nom. verbi [see W AG i. § 196, 43]; and Numbers 10:2; Ezekiel 17:9 לְמַסַּע, לְמַשְׁאוֹת are Aramaizing infinitives: compare Ew § 239 a).

2. אֵת marks an accusative in other relations than that of direct object to a verb

• a. With verbs of motion (very rare): Numbers 13:17; Deuteronomy 1:19; Deuteronomy 2:7 (to 'walk the wilderness'); denoting the goal Judges 19:18; Ezekiel 21:25 (Ew § 281 d, n., 282 a 1).
• b. Denoting time (duration), also very rare: Exodus 13:7; Leviticus 25:22; Deuteronomy 9:25.
• c. Expressing the accus. of limitation (rare): Genesis 17:11, 14; 1 Kings 15:23.

3. Chiefly in an inferior or later style, אֵת (or וְאֵת) is used irregularly, partly (α), as it would seem, to give greater definiteness (so especially וְאֵת) at the mention of a new subject (when it may sometimes be rendered as regards), or through the influence of a neighbouring verb (a construct κατά σύνεσιν), or by an anacoluthon, partly (β) as resuming loosely some other preposition

• Thus (α): Exodus 1:14; Numbers 3:26, 46; Numbers 5:10 (with הָיָה: so Ezekiel 35:10) Numbers 18:21 b Deuteronomy 11:2 (anacoluthon), Deuteronomy 14:13; Joshua 17:11; Judges 20:44, 46 (contr. Judges 20:25; Judges 20:35) 1 Samuel 17:34 (see Dr) 1 Samuel 26:16; 2 Samuel 21:22; 2 Kings 6:5; Isaiah 53:8 (probably), Isaiah 57:12; Jeremiah 23:33 (but read rather with LXX Targum אֶתֶּם הַמַּשָּׂא) Jeremiah 27:8; Jeremiah 36:22; Jeremiah 38:16 Kt, Jeremiah 45:4 b Ezekiel 16:22; Ezekiel 17:21; Ezekiel 20:16; Ezekiel 29:4; b Ezekiel 43:7 (LXX Co prefix הָרְאִיתָ) Ezekiel 44:3; Zechariah 8:17; Ecclesiastes 4:3; Daniel 9:13; Nehemiah 9:19, 34; 1 Chronicles 2:9; 2 Chronicles 31:17.
• In 1 Samuel 30:23; Haggai 2:5 probably some such word as remember is to be understood.
• (β): Jeremiah 38:9; Ezekiel 14:22; b Ezekiel 37:19 b Zechariah 12:10; סָבִיב אֵת 1 Kings 6:5; Ezekiel 43:17 strangely (in 1 Kings LXX omits the clause: so Sta ZAW 1883, 135).
• — In 1 Kings 11:1 וְ is merely and also, and especially (see וְ); 1 Kings 11:25 is corrupt (read with LXX זֹאת הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה הֲדַד); Ezekiel 47:17, 18, 19 read similarly for וְאֵת, זֹאת: see Ezekiel 47:20.

— For some particulars as to the use of אֵת, see A. M. Wilson Hebraica. vi. 139 ff. 212 ff. (who, however, confuses it sometimes with II. אֵת). For denoting the pronominal object of a verb, אֵת with suffix preponderates relatively much above the verbal affix in P, as compared with J E Deuteronomy Judges Samuel Kings (see Gie ZAW 1881, 258 f.), — partly, probably, on account of the greater distinctness and precision which P loves.

יָת mark of accusative (= Biblical Hebrew I. אֵת; Palmyrene ית; Zinjirli Had. 28 with suffix ותה; Nabataean, Palmyrene with suffix יתו (Lzb 263 Cooke 170; compare RÉS 468); Targum Onkelos Samaritan יָת; Syriac ܒܪ (rare)); — Daniel 3:12 דִּי מְנִיּתָ יָתְהוֹן whom thou hast appointed.

¹ Schröd: Paul Schröder, Die phönizische Sprache, Halle, 1869.

² Lag: Paul de Lagarde, works on Semitic languages.

³ Nö: Theodor Nöldeke, Orientalische Skizzen, Berlin, 1892.

⁴ Ol: Julius Olshausen, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, Braunschweig, 1861.

⁵ W AG: Wilhelm Gesenius, Thesaurus Linguae Hebraeae, ed. by E. Rödiger, Leipzig, 1835-1858.

⁶ Di: August Dillmann, Ethiopic Grammar, Leipzig, 1857.

⁷ Targ: Targum.

⁸ PS: Payne Smith, Syriac Dictionary.

⁹ Qor: Quran.

¹⁰ Ew: Heinrich Ewald, Ausführliches Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, Göttingen, 1870.

¹¹ Ges: Wilhelm Gesenius, Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

¹² Dr: Samuel Rolles Driver, works on Hebrew.

¹³ JPh: Journal of Philology.

¹⁴ LXX: Septuagint.

¹⁵ Targum: Targum.

¹⁶ Sta: Bernhard Stade, Geschichte des Volkes Israel, Berlin, 1887.

¹⁷ ZAW: Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft.

¹⁸ Gie: Friedrich Giesebrecht, works on Hebrew.

¹⁹ Lzb: Mark Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik, Weimar, 1898.

²⁰ Cooke: George Albert Cooke, North-Semitic Inscriptions, Oxford, 1903.

²¹ RÉS: Revue des Études Sémitiques.

H855

III. [אֵת] noun [masculine] a cutting instrument of iron usually translated as ploughshare.

— singular suffix אֵתוֹ 1 Samuel 13:20; plural אֵתִּים 1 Samuel 13:21, אִתִּים Isaiah 2:4 = Micah 4:3; suffix אִתֵּיכֶם Joel 4:10; according to Klo¹ and others also 2 Kings 6:5 אֵת הַבַּרְזֶל, that is, the axe of iron.

¹ A. Klostermann.

Direct object eternal self

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0853:

No stats available

H0855:

No stats available

יהוה יְהוָה

He Is

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יהוה

Yᵉhôvâh

Definition

Jehovah, Jewish national name of God

Root

from H1961 (היה); (the) self-Existent or Eternal;

Exhaustive

from היה; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of God; Jehovah, the Lord. Compare יה, יהוה.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3068

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יְהֹוָה

noun masculine • Root יהה • Strongs / High • Page 590

A pre-Mosaic old Semitic name of the supreme God, which was specially revealed for the older אֵל at the establishment of the Mosaic religion, as an abstract of all divine greatness and holiness.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יְהֹוָה

proper name • Page 275

The proper name of the deity among the ancient Hebrews. Interpreted as 'the eternal, unchangeable, true' or 'he who is as he shall be.' The text discusses various ancient pronunciations (IAΩ, IABE, IETΩ) and its derivation from the future of הָיָה.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3068

I. יהוה (approximate number of occurrences: 6823) i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity — Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel.

Cognates and Origins:

• Babylonian יהו (claimed by Delitzsch^{Dl Pa 162 ff.}, disputed by Kuenen and Jastrow)
• Egyptian etymology (proposed by Spiegelberg^{ZMG liii 633 ff.}, considered improbable)
• Moabite Stone יהוה as the name of Israel's God (MI¹⁸)

— יהוה Masoretic Text יְהוָֺה (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהוִֺה (Qr אֱלֹהִים) in combinations אדני יהוה; with prepositions בַּיהוָֺה, לַיהוָֺה, מֵיהוָֺה. Pronunciation Jehovah was unknown until 1520 (Galatinus). The traditional Ἰαβέ (Theodoret) and contracted form יָהּ favour the pronunciation יַהְוֶה (compare יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Psalm 74:6).

1. Etymology and Meaning

a. Hiphil theories (The Giver of Being)

• The one bringing into being, life-giver (Schrader)
• Giver of existence, creator (Kuenen, Tiele)
• He who causes to fall, i.e., rain or lightning (Robertson Smith)

b. Qal theories (The Existing One)

• The absolute and unchangeable one (Riehm)
• The existing, ever living (Dillmann)
• The one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption (Delitzsch)

2. Source Analysis and Usage

a. In the Hexateuch

• Elohist Source (E): Not used in Genesis; revealed at Horeb (Exodus 3:12–15) and explained as אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה "I shall be the one who will be with thee."
• Priests' Code (P): Abstains from use until the revelation to Moses (Exodus 6:3).
• Yahwist Source (J): Uses the name from the beginning of the narrative (Genesis 2:4).

b. In later literature

• Common in pre-exilic writers; falls into disuse post-exile, supplanted by אלהים and אדני.
• Job: Used in prose parts and once in the poem (Job 12:9).
• Ecclesiastes: Not used at all.

3. Syntactic Combinations

a. With אלהים and suffixes

• With אֱלֹהֶיךָ: Exodus 20:2–12 (Ten Words); Deuteronomy 5:6–16; in Deuteronomy (234 times).
• With אֱלֹהֵיכֶם: In Deuteronomy (46 times); Holiness Code (15 times); Joel 2:13.
• With אֱלֹהֵינוּ: Exodus 3:18; Psalm 20:8; Daniel 9:10, 13, 14.
• With אלהים (later editors): Genesis 2:4b; Jonah 4:6.

b. The phrase אֲנִי יהוה ("I am Yahweh")

• As a formula of revelation or authority: Exodus 6:2, 29 (Priests' Code).
• In the recognition formula ("that ye may know"): Exodus 7:5; Ezekiel 6:7 (and 48 times in Ezekiel).
• In the Holiness Code as an emphatic close: Leviticus 18:5, 6, 21; Leviticus 19:12, 14, 16.

c. In compound place names

• יהוה יראה (Yahweh-jireh): Genesis 22:14 (Yahwist Source).
• יהוה נסי (Yahweh-nissi): Exodus 17:15 (Elohist Source).
• יהוה שׁלים (Yahweh-shalom): Judges 6:24.
• יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה (Yahweh-shammah): Ezekiel 48:35.

¹ Philo, de Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529.

² Friedrich Böttcher, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Bö § 88).

³ Paul de Lagarde, Symmicta (Lag Sym i.14).

⁴ Samuel Rolles Driver, Studia Biblica (Dr Stud.Bib.i.1 ff.).

⁵ Eberhard Schrader, Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament (COT).

Noun proper name

LXX: κύριοσ κυρίου κυρίῳ κύριον κύριε

LXX Usage Statistics

H3068:

κύριοσ 2605× (41.8%)

κυρίου 1742× (27.8%)

κυρίῳ 598× (8.8%)

κύριον 473× (7.1%)

κύριε 336× (5.4%)

--- 129× (2.1%)

'' 95× (1.3%)

θεὸσ 76× (1.0%)

θεοῦ 69× (0.9%)

θεῷ 28× (0.4%)

מנערי מִנְּעֻרָי׃

from youth of myself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

נעור

nâʻûwr

Definition

(only in plural collectively or emphatic form) youth, the state (juvenility) or the persons (young people)

Root

or נער; and (feminine) נערה; properly, passive participle from H5288 (נער) as denominative;

Exhaustive

or נער; and (feminine) נערה; properly, passive participle from נער as denominative; (only in plural collectively or emphatic form) youth, the state (juvenility) or the persons (young people); childhood, youth.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5271

י

Definition

my, personal posessive - noun suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9020

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָעוֹר

verb • Root עור • Consonantal / Low • Page 1069

To be raised up, to arise; to be awaked, aroused, or stirred up (of a person or a storm).

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נֵעוֹר

verb • Root עור • Page 498

To be waked or roused from sleep. Job 14:12; Zech. 4:1.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5271

I. נְעוּרִים noun masculine plural — youth, early life.

— נְעוּרִים absolute Isaiah 54:6, Psalm 127:4; elsewhere suffix נְעֻרַי 1 Samuel 12:2, נְעוּרַי Job 31:18 +, נְעֻרֶיךָ 2 Samuel 19:8, נְעוּרֶיךָ Proverbs 5:18 +, נְעוּרַיִךְ Jeremiah 2:2 +, נְעוּרָיְכִי Psalm 103:5, נְעוּרֵיהֶן Ezekiel 23:3, etc.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Youth, early life

• In phrase מִנְּעוּרִים from youth up: Genesis 8:21 (Jehovist Source), 1 Samuel 17:33; 1 Kings 18:12; Jeremiah 3:24; Zechariah 13:5; Job 31:18 (extreme youth; "" מִבֶּטֶן אִמִּי)
• figurative of Babylon Isaiah 47:12, 15; Moab Jeremiah 48:11; Judah Jeremiah 22:21 compare Psalm 71:5, 17; Psalm 129:1–2
• In phrase מִנְּעוּרִים וְעַד־עַתָּה from youth until now: Genesis 46:34 (Jehovist Source), 2 Samuel 19:8, Ezekiel 4:14; מִנְּעוּרִים וְעַד־הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה 1 Samuel 12:2, Jeremiah 3:25
• As time in or during which: Leviticus 22:13 (Holiness Code), Numbers 30:4, 17 (Priests' Code / Narrative), Lamentations 3:27; Psalm 144:12
• figurative of Judah and Samaria personified: Ezekiel 23:2, 8; compare יְמֵי נְעוּרִים (in figurative of Israel) Hosea 2:17 ("" יוֺם עֲלוֺתָהּ מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם), Ezekiel 16:22, 43, 60; Ezekiel 23:19

2. Special Phrases and Constructs

• אַלּוּף נְעוּרִים friend of my youth Jeremiah 3:4, compare Proverbs 2:17
• עֲוֹנוֹת נְעוּרִים Job 13:26
• חַטֹּאות נְעוּרִים Psalm 25:7
• חֶסֶד נְעוּרִים Jeremiah 2:2
• חֶרְפַּת נְעוּרִים Jeremiah 31:19
• זִמַּת נְעוּרִים Ezekiel 23:21
• שְׁדֵי נְעוּרִים Ezekiel 23:21
• בַּעַל נְעוּרִים Joel 1:8
• אֵשֶׁת נְעוּרִים Proverbs 5:18; Malachi 2:14, 15; Isaiah 54:6 (figurative)
• בְּנֵי נְעוּרִים Psalm 127:4 sons of (a man's) youth
• youthful vigour Psalm 103:5

[נְעוּרוֹת] noun feminine plural idem; — only suffix מִנְּעֻרֹתֵיהֶם Jeremiah 32:30 (figurative of nation).

¹ Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

² Holiness Code.

³ Priests' Code / Narrative.

Prep-M, Noun common masculine plural construct, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX: νεότητόσ νεότητοσ νεότητι αὐτῆσ νηπιότητόσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5271a:

νεότητόσ 18× (36.4%)

νεότητοσ 8× (15.8%)

νεότητι 5× (8.6%)

αὐτῆσ 5× (8.3%)

νηπιότητόσ 3× (6.1%)

RBT Translation:

and he has become myself I am walking from your eternal self and the spirit He Is he is lifting yourself up upon/against/yoke who/which not I perceive/know and I have come to expose to Brother of Father and not he is finding yourself and he has slain myself and slave of yourself he feared את-self eternal He Is from youth of myself

RBT Paraphrase:

So it is with Everyone Born of the Spirit

And he has become, I, myself am walking from your eternal self, and a spirit of He Who Is is lifting you up upon whom I do not know,⁴ and I have come to expose to Brother of Father, and he is not finding yourself, and he has slain myself, and the slave of yourself has feared self eternal He Who Is from the youth of myself.⁵

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And being I shall go from thee and the spirit of Jehovah will lift thee up where I shall not know; and I went to announce to Ahab, and he will not find thee, and he will kill me: and thy servant feared Jehovah from my youth.

LITV Translation:
And it shall be, I will go away from you, and the Spirit of Jehovah will lift you up, where I do not know, and I will come to tell Ahab, and he will not find you, and he will kill me. And your servant has feared Jehovah from my youth.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And it shall come to pass when I shall have departed from thee, that the Spirit of the Lord shall carry thee to a land which I know not, and I shall go in to tell the matter to Ahab, and he will not find thee and will slay me: yet thy servant fears the Lord from his youth.

Footnotes

1Ki. 18:12

1Ki. 18:12

In this context, it is not most appropriate to interpret אשר as "where." Generally, אשר is a relative pronoun that can mean "that," "which," or "who," and occasionally "where" when referring specifically to a location. However, in the phrase על אשר לא אדע, the preposition על ("upon" or "on") indicates that אשר is referring to an object—namely, "that which I do not know"—rather than a place. Therefore, rendering it as "where" would not capture the intended meaning, which is more abstract and general.

1Ki. 18:12

1Ki. 18:12

And your servant has feared the LORD from my youth. The phrase has been twisted or modified by most translators to force a 1st person sense where there isn't:

English Standard Version
although I your servant have feared the LORD from my youth.

Berean Standard Bible
But I, your servant, have feared the LORD from my youth.

King James Bible
but I thy servant fear the LORD from my youth.

All of these are untrue to the text.