1 Kings 11:1

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

והמלך וְהַמֶּלֶךְ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מלך

melek

Definition

a king

Root

from H4427 (מלך);

Exhaustive

from מלך; a king; king, royal.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4428

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מֶלֶךְ

masculine noun • Root מלך • Strongs / High • Page 859

A king, ruler; properly an abstract concept of rule or government, but commonly used concretely. It can refer to a king of a land, city, people, or tribe. The term is also applied to Jehovah, idols, and animals distinguished for strength. It can also mean an adviser or counsellor, and is used as a proper name.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מֶלֶךְ

noun masculine • Page 380

a king. Ezek. 26: 7. 'the king of kings,' a title of the king of Babylon. Spoken frequently of Jehovah, Ps. 5: 3, and of false gods, Am. 5: 26.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4428

I. מֶ֫לֶךְ (approximate number of occurrences: 2513) noun masculine — king.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Mesha Inscription¹ מלך
• Phoenician מלך
• Zinjirli מלך
• Assyrian maliku, malku, prince (Assyrian šarru = king)
• Arabic ملك king
• Sabean מלכן, construct מלך, plural אמלך
• Ethiopic አምላክ God
• Aramaic מְלֵיךְ, מלכא
• Palmyrene מלך מלכא
• Nabataean מלכא

— מֶ֫לֶךְ absolute Genesis 14:7 +; in pause מֶ֑לֶךְ Genesis 49:20; construct מֶלֶךְ Genesis 14:1 +; suffix מַלְכִּי 2 Samuel 19:44 +; plural מְלָכִים Genesis 14:9 +, מְלָכִין Proverbs 31:3; construct מַלְכֵי Genesis 17:16 +; suffix מְלָכֶיהָ Isaiah 7:16 +, מַלְכֵיהֶם Deuteronomy 7:24 + etc.

1. King

Of various nations and regions:

• Of Egypt: Genesis 39:20; Exodus 1:8; Deuteronomy 11:3; 1 Kings 3:1
• Of Mesopotamia, Assyria, Babylon, Persia: Judges 3:8; Genesis 14:1; 2 Kings 15:19; 2 Kings 17:3; 2 Kings 18:13; 2 Kings 24:1; Ezra 1:1; Ezra 4:3; Esther 1:2 +
• Of Canaan, Philistia, Edom, Moab: Genesis 14:2; Genesis 20:2; Genesis 36:31; Numbers 20:14; Numbers 21:1; Joshua 2:2; Judges 8:5; 2 Kings 3:4
• Of Israel and Judah: Genesis 36:31; Numbers 23:21; Deuteronomy 17:14; 1 Samuel 8:5; 2 Samuel 2:4; 1 Kings 1:33 + (very often)

2. Of Davidic king, as under divine protection

• 1 Samuel 2:10 (+ מְשִׁיחוֺ)
• Psalm 2:6
• Psalm 18:51
• Psalm 89:19
• In Messianic prediction: Hosea 3:5; Isaiah 32:1; Jeremiah 23:5; Ezekiel 37:22–24; Zechariah 9:9

3. Used of Yahweh

As king of Israel and universal king:

• 1 Samuel 12:12
• Psalm 5:3; Psalm 10:16; Psalm 29:10; Psalm 44:5; Psalm 68:25; Psalm 145:1
• מֶלֶךְ הַכָּבוֺד King of glory Psalm 24:7–10
• Universal king: Psalm 47:3; Psalm 95:3; Jeremiah 10:7; Zechariah 14:9; Malachi 1:14

4. In fable and figurative use

• King of trees: Judges 9:8, 15
• Figurative of crocodile: Job 41:26
• Of death: מֶלֶךְ בַּלָּהוֺת king of terrors Job 18:14

5. Combinations and Phrases

1. Royal descriptions
   • הַמֶּלֶךְ הַגָּדוֺל the great king 2 Kings 18:19 (of Assyrian king)
   • מֶלֶךְ מְלָכִים king of kings Ezekiel 26:7 (of Babylon)
   • יְחִי הַמֶּלֶךְ long live the king! 1 Samuel 10:24; 1 Kings 1:34
2. With royal objects
   • מַעֲדַנֵּי־מֶלֶךְ royal dainties Genesis 49:20
   • מִשְׁתֵּה הַמֶּלֶךְ royal feast 1 Samuel 25:36
   • אֶבֶן הַמֶּלֶךְ king's weight 2 Samuel 14:26
   • מִקְדַּשׁ־מֶלֶךְ royal sanctuary Amos 7:13

II. מַלְכִּישׁוּעַ proper name masculine — son of Saul (my king is opulence); — 1 Samuel 14:49; 1 Samuel 31:2; 1 Chronicles 8:33. Greek Μελχεισα.

¹ Mesha Inscription (Moabite Stone).

² Paul de Lagarde, Übersicht über die im Aramäischen, Arabischen und Hebräischen übliche Bildung der Nomina (1889).

³ Jacob Barth, Die Nominalbildung in den semitischen Sprachen (1889–91).

⁴ W. Max Müller, Asien und Europa nach altägyptischen Denkmälern (1893).

Conjunction, Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: βασιλεὺσ βασιλέωσ βασιλέα βασιλεῖ βασιλεῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4428:

βασιλεὺσ 631× (23.4%)

βασιλέωσ 546× (20.5%)

βασιλέα 419× (15.7%)

βασιλεῖ 196× (7.1%)

βασιλεῖσ 133× (4.9%)

βασιλεύσ 100× (3.5%)

--- 77× (3.2%)

'' 66× (2.3%)

βασιλέων 63× (2.4%)

βασιλεῦσιν 46× (1.6%)

שלמה שְׁלֹמֹ֗ה

Complete One

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שלמה

Shᵉlômôh

Definition

Shelomah, David's successor

Root

from H7965 (שלום); peaceful;

Exhaustive

from שלום; peaceful; Shelomah, David's successor; Solomon.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8010

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שְׁלֹמֹה

unknown • Root שלום • Strongs / High • Page 1438

Solomon (meaning strength, firmness).

שְׁלֹמֹה

noun proper masculine • Root שלום • Strongs / High • Page 1438

Solomon: The third Hebrew king, celebrated for his magnificence, riches and wisdom.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שַׂלְמָה

noun • Root שמלה • Page 640

a garment. Ex. 22:8. Mic. 2:8. By transposition for שִׂמְלָה.

שְׁלֹמֹה

proper name • Page 682

Solomon, the son of David, king of Israel. Its appellative import is peaceable (1 Chr. 22: 9).

שִׁלְּמָה

noun feminine • Root שלם • Page 682

Recompense, punishment. Ps. 91. 8.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8010

I. שְׁלֹמִה (approximate number of occurrences: 293) proper name, masculine — Solomon (Σαλωμων, rarely Σαλομων, LXX^L mostly Σολομων; compare Lagarde¹); — king of Israel, son of David and Bathsheba 2 Samuel 12:24; 1 Kings 1:11 +.

— שְׁלֹמִה [name 2 times in Samuel; 162 times in Kings; 109 times in Chronicles; 7 times in Ezra-Nehemiah]; born in Jerusalem 2 Samuel 5:14; 1 Chronicles 3:5; 1 Chronicles 14:4.

1. Life and Accession

a. Succession to the throne

• Designated by David as successor, anointed and proclaimed before David's death 1 Kings 1:30, 33, 34, 39 +
• King after David's death 1 Kings 2:12, 17; 1 Chronicles 29:28; 2 Chronicles 1:1 +

b. Royal titles and phrases

• הַמֶּלָךְ שׁ׳ (King Solomon) 1 Kings 1:34 (36 times in Kings, 11 times in Chronicles); Jeremiah 52:20; Songs 3:9, 11
• הַמּ׳ שׁ׳ 1 Kings 2:17; 1 Kings 12:2; 1 Chronicles 29:24; 2 Chronicles 10:2
• מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה ׳שׁ (Solomon king of Judah) 1 Kings 12:23; 2 Chronicles 11:3
• מֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל ׳שׁ (Solomon king of Israel) 2 Kings 23:13; 2 Kings 24:13; 2 Chronicles 30:26; 35:3; Nehemiah 13:26

c. Builder of temple

• 1 Kings 5:22; 1 Kings 6:1–2; 1 Chronicles 5:26 + often

2. Attributes and Works

a. Wisdom

• 1 Kings 3:10; 1 Kings 5:9, 10, 14; 1 Kings 10:1–4; 2 Chronicles 1:7, 11 +

b. Authorship and Provision

• Author of proverbs (and songs) according to Proverbs מִשְׁלֵי שׁ׳ Proverbs 1:1; 10:1; 25:1 (compare 1 Kings 5:12–13)
• Psalms לִשְׁלֹמֹה Psalm 72:1; Psalm 127:1 (titles)
• Song of Songs Songs 1:1 (title)
• Of written provision for priests 2 Chronicles 35:4, compare 2 Chronicles 8:14; Nehemiah 12:45

3. Occurrences elsewhere

Outside of Kings and Chronicles:

• Jeremiah 52:20
• Songs 1:5 (Winckler² proposes Šalmaites, Nabataean שלמו Lidbarski³, compare Levy⁴ Jastrow⁵)
• Songs 3:7, 9, 11; Songs 8:11, 12
• In phrase בְּנֵי עַבְדֵי שׁ׳ (sons of Solomon's servants) Ezra 2:55, 58 = Nehemiah 7:57, 60; Nehemiah 11:3

¹ Lagarde, Bildung der Nomina (BN), 53, 96.

² Hugo Winckler, Altorientalische Forschungen (Altor. Forsch.), ii. 196.

³ Lidbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik (Lzb), 376.

⁴ Jacob Levy, Chaldäisches Wörterbuch über die Targumim (Tw), ii. 489.

⁵ Marcus Jastrow, Dictionary of the Targumim (Jastr), 1587.

Noun proper name masculine

LXX: σαλωμων '' [a] [b] ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H8010:

σαλωμων 266× (87.8%)

'' 7× (2.0%)

[a] 6× (1.6%)

[b] 6× (1.6%)

--- 5× (1.7%)

[[]] 3× (0.8%)

σαλωμῶντοσ 2× (0.7%)

αβδησελμα 2× (0.7%)

אהב אָהַ֞ב

has loved

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אהב

ʼâhab

Definition

to have affection for (sexually or otherwise)

Root

or אהב ; a primitive root;

Exhaustive

or אהב ; a primitive root; to have affection for (sexually or otherwise); (be-) love(-d, -ly, -r), like, friend.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H157

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָהַב

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 70

trans. to love; sensuously, of love between the sexes; of the love of parents, friends, virtuous or vicious love; to like, to be fond of doing.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָהַב

verb • Page 28

1. to love. 2. to desire, rejoice in. (Lev. 19:18, 34; Ecc. 5:9; Prov. 18:24; Ps. 40:17; 70:5; 116:1; Hos. 12:8; Is. 56:10; Jer. 14:10).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H157

I. אָהַב (216) verb — love (affection both pure and impure, divine and human).

Qal

Perfect אָהַב Genesis 27:9 (7 times); אָשְׁהַב Genesis 27:14; אָהַב Genesis 37:3 (3 times); אֲהַבְתָּ Deuteronomy 15:16; 3 feminine singular אָהֲבָה Song of Solomon 1:7 +; etc.; Imperfect (יֶאֱהַב) Proverbs 3:12 +; 1 singular אֶהֱבָּב Proverbs 8:17 (compare H. Ewald¹ §192d Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar² §68.1); וָאֹהַב Malachi 1:2; וָאֹהַבְתִּי Hosea 11:1; אֹהַבְתִּים Hosea 14:5; וָאֹהַבְתִּים Psalm 119:167; 2 masculine plural תְּאַהֲבוּ Proverbs 1:22 (compare E. König³ I p. 394 Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar §63 R 2); תֵּאָהֲבוּ Zechariah 8:17; תָּאָהֲבוּן Psalm 4:3; Imperative אֱהַב Hosea 3:1; אֱהָבֵהָ Proverbs 4:6; אֵהֲבוּ Psalm 31:24; Amos 5:15; אֱהָבֻּו Zechariah 8:19; Infinitive construct אֱהֹב Ecclesiastes 3:8; אֲהָבָה Deuteronomy 10:12 +; אֲהֲבַת Micah 6:8 + etc.; compare also below noun אַהֲבָה below; Participle אֹהֵב (אוֹהֵב) Deuteronomy 10:18 (26 times); feminine construct אֹהֶבֶת Hosea 3:1 is probably active compare J. Barth⁴ Nominalbildung 174 ff; suffix אֹהֲבִי Isaiah 41:8 etc.; feminine אֹהֶבֶת Genesis 25:28; אֹהֶבְתִּי Hosea 10:11 etc.; Passive participle אָהוּב Nehemiah 13:26; אֲהוּבָה Deuteronomy 21:15 (twice in verse); Deuteronomy 21:16.

1. Human love to human object

• Absolute, opposed to hate: שָׂנֵא Ecclesiastes 3:8
• Of love to son: Genesis 22:2; Genesis 25:28; Genesis 37:3, Genesis 37:4; Genesis 44:20 (Jehovist Source⁵ Elohist Source⁶) Proverbs 13:24; so also 2 Samuel 13:21 (compare H. Ewald¹ Thes We, compare S. R. Driver⁷, of David's loving Amnon)
• Never to parent, but mother-in-law: Ruth 4:15
• Of man's love to woman; wife: Genesis 24:67; Genesis 29:20, Genesis 29:30 (compare Genesis 29:18), Genesis 29:32 (Jehovist Source Elohist Source), also Deuteronomy 21:15 (twice in verse); Deuteronomy 21:16; Judges 14:16; 1 Samuel 1:5; 2 Chronicles 11:21; Esther 2:17; Hosea 3:1; Ecclesiastes 9:9; but also Genesis 34:3 (Jehovist Source) Judges 16:4, Judges 16:15; 2 Samuel 13:1, 2 Samuel 13:4, 2 Samuel 13:15 (where of carnal desire) 1 Kings 11:1 compare 1 Kings 11:2; Hosea 3:1; רֵעַ אֹהֵב loving a paramour, see J. Barth Nominalbildung 176
• Woman's love to man: 1 Samuel 18:20 (so 1 Samuel 18:28, but read וּבִי כָּלִישָׁרָאֵל אֹהֵב אֹתוֹ compare J. Wellhausen⁸ S. R. Driver) Song of Solomon 1:3, Song of Solomon 1:4, Song of Solomon 1:7; Song of Solomon 3:1, Song of Solomon 3:2, Song of Solomon 3:3, Song of Solomon 3:4 (5 times subject נַפְשִׁי); compare also figurative of adulterous Judah Jeremiah 2:25; Isaiah 57:8; Ezekiel 16:37
• Of love of slave to master: Exodus 21:5 (Jehovist Source Elohist Source) Deuteronomy 15:16
• Inferior to superior: 1 Samuel 18:22 compare 1 Samuel 18:16
• Love to neighbour: Leviticus 19:18 (וְאָהַבְתָּ לְרֵעֲךָ כָּמוֹכָה), particularly to stranger Leviticus 19:34 (both Priests' Code / Narrative), Deuteronomy 10:18, Deuteronomy 10:19
• Love of friend to friend: 1 Samuel 16:21; 1 Samuel 18:1, 1 Samuel 18:3; 1 Samuel 20:17 (twice in verse); Job 19:19; Proverbs 17:1 compare 2 Samuel 19:7 (twice in verse); 2 Chronicles 19:2; see also Proverbs 9:8; Proverbs 16:13; compare Proverbs 15:12

2. Of appetite, object food, etc.

• Food: Genesis 27:7, Genesis 27:9, Genesis 27:14 (Jehovist Source Elohist Source)
• Drink: Hosea 3:1; Proverbs 21:17
• Husbandry: 2 Chronicles 26:10; compare figurative of Ephraim Hosea 10:11 followed by infinitive
• Length of life: Psalm 34:13
• Of cupidity: Hosea 9:1; 1 Samuel 1:23; Ecclesiastes 5:9 (twice in verse)
• Of love of sleep: Proverbs 20:13 compare figurative of sluggish watchmen (followed by infinitive) Isaiah 56:10
• With object abstract wisdom (personified), knowledge, righteousness, etc.: Proverbs 4:6; Proverbs 8:17, Proverbs 8:21; Proverbs 12:1; Proverbs 22:11; Proverbs 29:3; Amos 5:15; Micah 6:8 (infinitive infinitives) Zechariah 8:19, compare Proverbs 19:8 קֹנֶה לֵב אֹהֵב נַפְשׁוֹ
• Object folly, evil, etc.: Micah 3:2; Micah 4:3; Psalm 11:5; Psalm 52:5; Psalm 52:6; Psalm 109:17; Proverbs 1:22; Proverbs 8:36; Proverbs 17:19 (twice in verse), compare Proverbs 18:21; Zechariah 8:17, compare כִּי אִם אֹהֵב Amos 4:5; Jeremiah 5:31, followed by Infinitive Hosea 12:8; Jeremiah 14:10, especially of idolatry Hosea 4:13 (where strike out הָבוּ compare E. König I. p. 395) Jeremiah 8:2

3. Love to God

• Exodus 20:6 (Jehovist Source Elohist Source) elsewhere Hexateuch only Deuteronomy 5:10; Deuteronomy 6:5; Deuteronomy 7:9 (9 times Deuteronomy + Joshua 22:5; Joshua 23:11; also Judges 5:31; 1 Kings 3:3; Nehemiah 1:5; Daniel 9:4; especially in (late) Psalm 31:24; Psalm 116:1; Psalm 145:20, but usually followed by name, law, etc. of יְהוָה Psalm 5:12; Psalm 26:8; Psalm 40:17; Psalm 69:37; Psalm 70:5; Psalm 97:10; Psalm 119:47 (11 times Psalm 119); compare Isaiah 56:6; compare also of love to Jerusalem Isaiah 66:10; Psalm 122:6

4. Especially Participle אֹהֵב = (a) lover

• Lamentations 1:2 (figurative of Jerusalem)
• (b) friend Hiram of David: 1 Kings 5:15, compare Jeremiah 20:4, Jeremiah 20:6; Esther 5:10, Esther 5:14; Esther 6:13; Psalm 38:12 (parallel רֵעַ) so Psalm 88:19, Proverbs 14:20; also Proverbs 18:24; Proverbs 27:6; Abraham of God Isaiah 41:8; 2 Chronicles 20:7

5. Of divine love

• (a) to individual men: Deuteronomy 4:37; 2 Samuel 12:24; Proverbs 3:12; Proverbs 15:9; Psalm 146:8; Nehemiah 13:26
• (b) to people Israel, etc.: Deuteronomy 7:8, Deuteronomy 7:13; Deuteronomy 23:6; Hosea 3:1; Hosea 9:15; Hosea 11:1; Hosea 14:5; 1 Kings 10:9; 2 Chronicles 2:10; 2 Chronicles 9:8; Isaiah 43:4; Isaiah 48:14; Jeremiah 31:3; Malachi 1:2 (3 times in verse); Psalm 47:5; to Jerusalem Psalm 78:68; Psalm 87:2
• (c) to righteousness, etc.: Psalm 11:7; Psalm 33:5; Psalm 37:28; Psalm 45:8; Psalm 99:4; Isaiah 61:8; Malachi 2:11

Niph`al

Participle plural הַנֶּאֱהָבִים 2 Samuel 1:23 lovely, loveable of Saul and Jonathan (parallel הַנְּעִימִים).

Pi`el

Participle plural suffix (מְאַהֲבִי) מְאַהֲבַי Hosea 2:7 (3 times); (מְאַהֲבִיִךְ) מְאַהֲבַיִךְ Jeremiah 22:20 (6 times); מְאַהֲבֶיהָ Hosea 2:9 (4 times).

1. Friends

• Zechariah 13:6

2. Lovers in figure of adulterous Israel

• Hosea 2:7; Hosea 2:9; Hosea 2:12; Hosea 2:14; Hosea 2:15; Ezekiel 23:5, Ezekiel 23:9; Judah Jeremiah 22:20, Jeremiah 22:22; Jeremiah 30:14; Lamentations 1:19; Ezekiel 16:33, Ezekiel 16:36, Ezekiel 16:37; Ezekiel 23:22

¹ H. Ewald, Antiquities of Israel, or other works by Heinrich Ewald.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

³ E. König, Historisch-comparative Syntax der hebräischen Sprache, Leipzig, 1897.

⁴ J. Barth, Die Nominalbildung in den semitischen Sprachen, Leipzig, 1894.

⁵ Jehovist Source (J) - a hypothetical source in the Documentary Hypothesis.

⁶ Elohist Source (E) - a hypothetical source in the Documentary Hypothesis.

⁷ S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text and the Topography of the Books of Samuel, 2nd ed., Oxford, 1913.

⁸ J. Wellhausen, Die Composition des Hexateuchs und der historischen Bücher des Alten Testaments, 3rd ed., Berlin, 1899.

^† Hapax Legomenon (occurs only once in Scripture).

^|| Parallel of words (synonymous or contrasted); also of passages; sometimes 'see parallel' or 'so also in parallel'.

^[] Indicates that the form enclosed is not actually found (assumed/reconstructed) or that the Hebrew offers no positive proof (e.g., gender).

^* Assumed form (not actually found).

^? Sign of doubt.

^t. times (following a number).

Verb Qal perfect third person masculine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0157:

No stats available

נשים נָשִׁים

womenkind/mortal women

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אשה

ʼishshâh

Definition

a woman

Root

feminine of H376 (איש) or H582 (אנוש); irregular plural, נשים;(used in the same wide sense as H582 (אנוש))

Exhaustive

feminine of איש or אנוש; irregular plural, נשים;(used in the same wide sense as אנוש); a woman; (adulter) ess, each, every, female, [idiom] many, [phrase] none, one, [phrase] together, wife, woman. Often unexpressed in English.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H802

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אִשֶּׁה

noun masculine • Root אש • Lemma_Lookup • Page 197

Sacrificial fire, altar-flame, a burning; specifically a sacrifice.

אִשָּׁה

noun feminine • Root אנש • Lemma_Lookup • Page 197

Woman, wife, female; also applied to animals (female) and metaphorically to things with weak or feminine characteristics.

אֶשָּׁה

noun feminine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 197

Fire.

אָשָׁה

verb • Root אשה • Lemma_Lookup • Page 197

(Not used) To be firm, close, to be firmly fitted together; to support.

בָּאְשָׁה

noun feminine • Root באש • Lemma_Lookup • Page 217

a stink-weed, bad or poisonous weed.

לְאִשָּׁה

prepositional phrase • Lemma_Lookup • Page 757

Into a woman; as in 'Lord God built the rib into a woman'.

נָשָׂא אִשָּׁה

verb • Root נשא • Lemma_Lookup • Page 992

To lead home a wife, to marry.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אִשֶּׁה

m. const. אִשֵּׁה / plur. const. אִשֵּׁי • Root אש • Page 75

Firing, something on fire, an offering. A generic word including every species of offering. Lev. 24:7, 9; Ex 29:18, 25, 41; Lev. 1:9, 13, 17, etc. Plur. אִשֵּׁי יְהוָה Lev. 2:3, 10.

אִשָּׁה

noun feminine • Root אנוש איש • Page 75

1. woman—Applied as a designation of sex, even in animals, Gen. 7:2. 2. wife, hence אֵשֶׁת אָב 'father’s wife' (stepmother), Lev. 18:8. Often with genitives denoting quality (e.g., lovely woman, Prov. 11:16). 3. with אָחוֹת or רְעוּת for 'the one... the other.' 4. some one. 5. every one. Ex. 3:22.

אֵשָׁה

noun feminine • Root אש • Page 75

i. q. (equivalent to) אֵשׁ 'fire'. This is the best explanation of the Kethib in Jer. 6:29.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H802

I. אִשָּׁה (approximate number of occurrences: 775) noun feminine — woman, wife, female.

Cognates:

• Arabic عربي
• Sabean אנתת etc. (D. H. Müller¹, Zeitschrift für Keilschriftforschung 1884, 360)
• Aramaic אִתְּתָא, אִנְתְּתָא, אִתָּא, ܐܠܗܐ
• Palmyrene, Nabataean אנתתא
• Ethiopic አማርኛ።
• Phoenician אשת
• Assyrian aššatu (Curtis and Ward, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Book of Genesis, Glossary)

— אִשָּׁה absolute Genesis 2:23 +; construct אֵשֶׁת Genesis 11:29 + (apparently absolute Deuteronomy 21:11; 1 Samuel 28:7; Psalm 58:9 but compare Bö § 728 Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar² §130.5); suffix אִשְׁתִּי Genesis 20:11 +; אִשְׁתְּךָ Genesis 12:18 + (אֶשְׁתְּךָ Psalm 128:3), etc.; Plural אִשִּׁים Ezekiel 23:44 (Cornill reads לְעַשִּׁוֹת); נָשִׁים Genesis 4:19 +; construct נְשֵׁי Genesis 4:23 +; suffix נָשַׁי Genesis 30:26; 1 Kings 20:7; נְשֵׁיכֶם Exodus 22:23 +, etc.

1. woman Genesis 3:1, 2; Genesis 12:11 +; opposed to man Genesis 2:22, 23; Exodus 35:29; Exodus 36:6; Deuteronomy 7:2, 5; Deuteronomy 22:22; 1 Samuel 21:5 +; emphatic a genuine (or ideal) woman Ecclesiastes 7:28 (parallel to אָדָם); simile of men as feeble, timid Jeremiah 50:37; Jeremiah 51:30; note especially הַטַּף בַּנָּשִׁים the children among the women, female children Numbers 31:18 (Priests' Code / Narrative); as conceiving Exodus 2:2; Leviticus 12:2; 2 Samuel 11:5 +; travailing Jeremiah 13:21; bearing children Judges 13:24; 1 Kings 3:18; compare Job 14:1; Job 15:14; Job 25:4 +, etc.; suckling Isaiah 49:15; אֹרַח כַּנָּשִׁים Genesis 18:11; דֶּרֶךְ נָשִׁים Genesis 31:35; with adjective, or app., מֵינֶקֶת אִשָּׁה nursing woman, nurse Exodus 2:7; זוֹנָה אִשָּׁה harlot Joshua 2:1; Joshua 6:22; Judges 11:1; Judges 16:1; 1 Kings 3:16; Proverbs 6:26; Jeremiah 3:3; Ezekiel 16:30; Ezekiel 23:44; so זָרָה אִשָּׁה Proverbs 2:16; Proverbs 7:5; compare also Ezekiel 23:44 above; מְנָאֶפֶת אִשָּׁה adulteress Proverbs 30:20 (compare אֵשֶׁת אִישׁ Proverbs 6:26), אֵשֶׁת זְנוּנִים Hosea 1:2; נָשִׁים נָכְרִיּוֹת foreign women 1 Kings 11:1, 8; Ezra 10:2, 10, 11, 14, 17, 18, 44; Nehemiah 13:26, 27 (compare Nehemiah 13:23); חֲכָמָה אִשָּׁה wise woman, one known as clever, shrewd 2 Samuel 14:2; 2 Samuel 20:16, etc.; also מִלְּגֶשׁ אִשָּׁה concubine Judges 19:1, 27; אַלְמָנָה אִשָּׁה widow 2 Samuel 14:5; 1 Kings 11:26; 1 Kings 17:9, 10; נְבִיאָה אִשָּׁה prophetess Judges 4:4; also construct before noun of quality אֵשֶׁת רָע Proverbs 6:24; בְּסִילוּת אִשָּׁה Proverbs 9:13; חֵן אִשָּׁה Proverbs 11:16; חַיִל אִשָּׁה Proverbs 12:4; Proverbs 31:10; Ruth 3:11; מִדְיָנִים אִשָּׁה Proverbs 21:9; Proverbs 25:24; Proverbs 27:15; וָכָעַס כִּמְאִשָּׁה Proverbs 21:19.
2. wife (woman belonging to a man, usually construct or suffix) Genesis 2:24, 25; Genesis 3:8, 17; Genesis 4:1, 17 + often; of one betrothed (אָרֻס) Deuteronomy 20:7; Deuteronomy 28:30; בַּעַל (הָ)אִשָּׁה Exodus 21:3, 22; אִישׁ הָאִשָּׁה Judges 20:4; לְאִשָּׁה to wife Genesis 2:22; Genesis 12:19; Genesis 16:3; Genesis 34:21 + often (after לָקַח, נָתַן husband or father subject); for wife (after הָיְתָה, woman subject) Genesis 20:12; Numbers 36:3, 6 (twice in verse); Numbers 36:11, 12; Deuteronomy 22:19, 29 +; for unfaithful wife compare 1; construct in phrase אֵשֶׁת חֲיִיקֶךָ Deuteronomy 13:7; compare Deuteronomy 28:54; נְעוּרֶיךָ אִשָּׁה Proverbs 5:18; Malachi 2:14, 15; בְּרִיתֶךָ אִשָּׁה Malachi 2:14; אֵשֶׁת אָב = step-mother Leviticus 18:8, 11; Leviticus 20:11.
3. female of animals Genesis 7:2 (twice in verse); see also below 4.
4. With distributive and reciprocal sense, מֵאַחַת אִשָּׁה רְעוּתָהּ each woman from her neighbour Exodus 11:2 (Elohist Source); compare Ruth 1:8, 9; Jeremiah 9:19; each one, of birds of prey Isaiah 34:15 compare Isaiah 34:16 (strike out Bickell Cheyne); of cows (figurative of heartless women of Israel) Amos 4:3; of sheep (figurative of Israel) Zechariah 11:9; and of inanimate things (Priests' Code / Narrative, and late) אֵל אַחַתָּהּ אִשָּׁה Exodus 26:3 (twice in verse); Exodus 26:5, 6, 17 (Priests' Code / Narrative) Ezekiel 1:9 (strike out Cornill) Ezekiel 1:23; Ezekiel 3:13.

אַנְתָּה (the root of the pronoun 2 person in Semitic: ܐܠܗܐ, ሀሁሂ anta; feminine ܐܠܗܐ, ܐܠܗܐ: antâ; Biblical Aramaic Kt אַנְתָּה (masculine), Qr אַנְתְּ and אַתְּ (both masculine and feminine); Syriac ܐܠܗܐ, feminine ܐܢܐ, the n being written but not pronounced; Assyrian atta, feminine atti-e Delitzsch § 55 a, the nt being merged in the double t; Hebrew similarly. Plural ܐܠܗܐ ܕܠܐ ܡܘܡܬܐ, አማሪከ feminine ܐܠܗܐ, አማሪከ Aramaic אַנְתּוּן, ܒܪܝܬ, feminine אַתִּין, ܒܪܝܬ; Assyrian attunu).

II. אִישׁ (root of following; Biblical Hebrew III. אִישׁ, אִשָּׁה).

¹ D. H. Müller, Die Propheten in ihrer ursprünglichen Form, Vienna, 1896.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0802:

No stats available

נכריות נָכְרִיּוֹת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נכרי

nokrîy

Definition

strange, in a variety of degrees and applications (foreign, non-relative, adulterous, different, wonderful)

Root

from H5235 (נכר) (second form);

Exhaustive

from נכר (second form); strange, in a variety of degrees and applications (foreign, non-relative, adulterous, different, wonderful); alien, foreigner, outlandish, strange(-r, woman).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5237

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָכְרִי

adjective • Root נכר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 972

Adjective for strange, foreign, outlandish, heathenish. As a noun: a stranger, alienated one, heathen, enemy. Feminine (נָכְרִיָה) can mean a strange woman or an adulteress.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָכְרִי

nom. adj. • Root נכר • Page 445

Foreign, strange, a stranger (Ex. 2:22; Jer. 2:21). In opposition to one's own wife, an adulteress or strange woman (Prov. 5:20; 6:24; 7:5; 23:27).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5237

I. נָכְרִי adjective — foreign, alien (Late Hebrew נָכְרִי = Gentile).

— נָכְרִי absolute masculine Zephaniah 1:8 +; feminine נָכְרִיָּה Exodus 2:22 +; masculine plural נָכְרִים Isaiah 2:6 (2 times) + Proverbs 20:16 Kt (> Qr נָכְרִיָּה), + Proverbs 27:13 (so read for ᵑ0 נָכְרִיָּה); feminine plural נָכְרִיּוֺת Genesis 31:15 +.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. foreign

• עַם נָכְרִי Exodus 21:8 (Elohist Source) a foreign (non-Israel) people
• אִישׁ נָכְרִי Deuteronomy 17:15 ("" לֹא אָתִיךָ)
• מַלְבּוּשׁ נָכְרִי Zephaniah 1:8
• אֶרֶץ נָכְרִיָּה Exodus 2:22 (Jehovist Source) foreign land, so Exodus 18:3 (Elohist Source)
• Especially נָשִׁים נָכְרִיּוֺת foreign (non-Israel) women 1 Kings 11:1; Ezra 10:2, 10, 11, 14, 17, 18, 44; Nehemiah 13:26, 27

b. as substantive

• נָכְרִי foreigner (non-Israel) Judges 19:12 (+ אֲשֶׁר לֹא מִבְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל)
• 1 Kings 8:41 (+ אֲשֶׁר לֹא מֵעַמְּךָ), = 2 Chronicles 6:32 (+ id.), 1 Kings 8:43, 2 Chronicles 6:33
• Deuteronomy 14:21 ("" גֵּר), Deuteronomy 15:3
• Deuteronomy 23:21 (opposed to אָחִיךָ), Deuteronomy 29:21 (+ אֲשֶׁר יָבאֹ מֵאֶרֶץ רְחוֺקָה)
• As predicate, 2 Samuel 15:19 ("" גֹּלֶה)
• נָכְרִיָּה Ruth 2:10
• plural נָכְרִים foreigners Lamentations 5:2 (זָרִים), Obadiah 11 ("" id.)
• Compare יַלְדֵי נָכְרִים Isaiah 2:6
• feminine plural alien women Genesis 31:15 (Elohist Source; i.e. not of one's father's family)

2. Technical Use in Proverbs

נָכְרִיָּה foreign woman, as technical term, in Proverbs, for harlot (perhaps because harlots were originally chiefly foreigners):

• Proverbs 2:16 ("" אִשָּׁה זָרָה)
• Proverbs 7:5 ("" id.)
• Proverbs 5:20 ("" זָרָה)
• Proverbs 6:24 ("" אֵשֶׁת רָ֑ע)
• Proverbs 23:27 ("" זוֺנָה)

On Proverbs 20:16; Proverbs 27:13 see below.

3. Figurative Uses

figurative unknown, unfamiliar:

• נָכְרִי הָיִיתִי בְּעֵינֵיהֶם Job 19:15 an alien am I become in their eyes
• נָכְרִי לִבְנֵי אִמִּי Psalm 69:9 ("" מוּזָר הָיִיתִי לְאֶחָ֑י)
• אִישׁ נָכְרִי Ecclesiastes 6:2
• Of יהוה’s judgment, נָכְרִיָּה עֲבֹדָתוֺ Isaiah 28:21 strange is his task! ("" זָר מַעֲשֵׂהוּ)
• גֶּפֶן נָכְרִיָּה Jeremiah 2:21 an alien vine (opposed to זֶרַע אֱמֶת), figurative of degenerate Israel
• As substantive, נָכְרִים Proverbs 20:16 Kt (> Qr נָכְרִיָּה), aliens, persons unknown to him ("" זָר), so read also (for ᵑ0 נָכְרִיָּה) "" Proverbs 27:13

¹ Elohist Source.

² Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

³ ᵑ0 = Masoretic Text.

Adjective adjective feminine plural absolute

LXX: ἀλλοτρίασ ἀλλότριοσ ἀλλότριον ἀλλοτρίῳ ξένοσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5237:

ἀλλοτρίασ 9× (21.6%)

ἀλλότριοσ 5× (10.6%)

ἀλλότριον 4× (8.9%)

ἀλλοτρίῳ 4× (8.5%)

ξένοσ 3× (6.8%)

ἀλλότρια 2× (4.4%)

ἀλλοτρίων 2× (4.4%)

ἀλλοτρία 2× (4.4%)

ἀλλότριαι 2× (3.7%)

רבות רַבּוֹת

multitudinous

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

רב

rab

Definition

abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)

Root

by contracted from H7231 (רבב);

Exhaustive

by contracted from רבב; abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality); (in) abound(-undance, -ant, -antly), captain, elder, enough, exceedingly, full, great(-ly, man, one), increase, long (enough, (time)), (do, have) many(-ifold, things, a time), (ship-)master, mighty, more, (too, very) much, multiply(-tude), officer, often(-times), plenteous, populous, prince, process (of time), suffice(-lent).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7227

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רַב

adjective / adv. / substantive • Root רבב • Strongs / High • Page 1313

Adjective meaning many, numerous; great, extended, wide, long (of time), violent, strong, or grievous. Also used as an adverb meaning much, in great number, enough, strongly, or richly. Used substantively meaning a great one, a mighty one, or oldest.

רַב

adjective / noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1314

great, large, numerous, much, abundant; also meaning chief, head, commander, captain, president, chamberlain, master; principal persons, judges, nobility; fullness, multitude, mass, quantity, totality. Used as adj. and sometimes adverbially.

רַב

aram. adj. m. (aramaic) • Root רבב • Strongs / High • Page 1314

Aramaic adjective (masc. and fem. רַבָּא) meaning great, in the widest sense, of kingdom, gold, stone, God; large.

רַב

noun masculine • Root רבב • Strongs / High • Page 1314

multitude, mass, plenty, great quantity, fullness, totality (singular collective noun). Plur. constr. רַבֵּי.

רַב

adjective • Root רבה • Strongs / High • Page 1315

Many, numerous; great, large. (Aramaic equivalent: רַבָּא).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רַב

verb • Root רבב • Page 604

1. Much, many, numerous (Num. 32:1). Also as adv. much, exceedingly, enough (Ps. 123:3, Gen. 33:9). 2. Great, mighty (Ps. 31:20, Is. 63:1). 3. Older, major natu (Gen. 25:23). 4. As a subst. a chief, captain, leader (2 K. 25:8, Dan. 1:3).

רַב

chald. • Root רבב • Page 604

1. Great (Dan. 2:10, 31). 2. Subst. a chief, head, captain (Dan. 5:11, 2:48). Plur. רַבְרְבִין (Dan. 3:33).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7227

I. רַב (approximate number of occurrences: 429) adjective — much, many, great.

— רַב masculine singular absolute Genesis 24:25 +; רָ֑ב Genesis 33:9 +; construct רַב Exodus 34:6 +; feminine singular רַבָּה Numbers 11:33 +; construct רַבַּת Ezekiel 22:5 +; רַבָּ֫תִי (compare GKC¹ §90 k 1) Lamentations 1:1; masculine plural absolute רַבִּים Exodus 23:2 +; feminine plural absolute רַבּוֺת Genesis 30:43 +.

1. Much or Many

a. much (of substances)

• 1 Kings 10:2 (gold)
• Psalm 19:11
• 2 Kings 12:11 (silver)

b. many (persons or things)

• Exodus 5:5
• 1 Kings 4:20
• Genesis 21:34 (יָמִים רַבִּים many days)
• Numbers 20:11 (מַיִם רַבִּים many waters)
• Daniel 11:41 (noun omitted; understood as lands)

c. as substantive collective

• Exodus 19:21 (many people)
• 1 Samuel 14:6 (opposed to מְעַט)
• Ezekiel 24:12 (much)

d. construct meaning abounding in

• רַב־בְּרֶכוֹת Proverbs 28:20
• רַב־חֶסֶד Exodus 34:6
• רַב־כֹּחַ Psalm 147:5
• רַבַּת בָּנִים 1 Samuel 2:5

e. with comparison (מִן)

• Exodus 1:9 (more numerous than)
• Genesis 36:7 (too many to)

f. abundant or enough

• Genesis 45:28 (רַב enough!)
• Deuteronomy 3:26 (רַב־לָךְ let it suffice thee)
• Numbers 16:3 (ye assume too much)

g. as adverb: much, exceedingly (only in Psalms)

• Psalm 123:3
• Psalm 62:3 (רַבָּה)
• Psalm 65:10 (רַבַּת Aramaism)

2. Great

a. of space and magnitude

• Genesis 7:11 (the great deep)
• Lamentations 1:1 (great city)
• Genesis 6:5 (great wickedness)

b. specifically strong

• 2 Chronicles 14:10 (opposed to אֵין כֹּחַ)
• Isaiah 63:1 (רַב לְהוֺשִׁיעַ mighty to save)

c. of age (major natu)

• Genesis 25:23 (the elder, opposed to צָעִיר)
• Job 32:9 (as substantive: the aged)

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

II. רַב (approximate number of occurrences: 49) noun masculine — chief.

Cognates:

• Assyrian-Babylonian rab
• Aramaic רַב

— construct רַב Jeremiah 39:9 +; plural construct רַבֵּי Jeremiah 39:13, Jeremiah 41:1.

1. Meaning and Uses

a. Titles of officers

• רַב טַבָּחִים chief of guardsmen Jeremiah 39:9, 2 Kings 25:8 +
• רַב הַחֹבֵל chief of the sailors (captain) Jonah 1:6
• רַב־מָג chief soothsayer (or rab-mugi) Jeremiah 39:3
• רַב־סָרִיס chief eunuch (or rabû-ša-rêši) 2 Kings 18:17, Jeremiah 39:13
• רַבְשָׁקֵה chief of the officers (Assyrian rab-šakû) 2 Kings 18:17, Isaiah 36:2 +

b. General usage

• Esther 1:8 (כָּל־רַב בֵּיתוֹ every officer of his house)
• Daniel 1:3 (רַב סָרִיסָיו)

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (1896).

² Schrader, Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament (COT).

Adjective adjective feminine plural absolute

LXX: πολλὰ πολλῶν πολλοὶ πολὺ πολλοῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7227a:

πολλὰ 37× (7.8%)

πολλῶν 30× (6.3%)

πολλοὶ 28× (5.7%)

πολὺ 18× (3.6%)

πολλοῖσ 17× (3.4%)

'' 17× (3.1%)

πλείουσ 15× (3.1%)

ἀρχιμάγειροσ 15× (2.7%)

πολὺσ 15× (3.1%)

--- 14× (3.0%)

ואת וְאֶת־

and אֵת-self eternal

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

את

ʼêth

Definition

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

Root

apparent contracted from H226 (אות) in the demonstrative sense of entity;

Exhaustive

apparent contracted from אות in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely); (as such unrepresented in English).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H853

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵת

particle • Strongs_Numbers • Page 87

Particle used as a sign of the accusative, indicating the definite object of a verb; also used reflexively, or in designations of time and place. Occasionally interchangeable with other prepositions.

אֵת

substantive • Root אות • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

I. Proper substance, being, essence, body, self, essential. It is used as the sign of an accusative, or to give prominence to a noun as subject.

אֵת

preposition • Root אנה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

II. With; expressing fellowship or accompaniment. Properly side, support, lean upon.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Mattock, coulter of a plough, hoe, prop. anything cutting into.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Equivalent to אֵת III., of which it is merely a collateral form.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אוֹת or אֶת

sign of accusative case • Page 35

A sign of the accusative case.

אֶת

com. gen. chald. • Page 81

Equivalent to the Hebrew אוֹת (sign, miracle). Synonymous with תְּמַהּ. References: Dan. 3: 32, 33; 6: 28.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (fem.). In pause אָתְּ. Found in Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2. Also sometimes appears as a masculine form (Num. 11: 15; Ezek. 28: 14).

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (masc.). Equivalent to אַתָּה. Note: Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2.

אֵת

ii. particle • Page 81

A primitive particle and sign of the accusative case (with Makk. -אֶת; with suffixes אֹתִי, אֹתָנוּ, etc.). Often denotes the definite direct object but can appear in circumstances where other languages employ the nominative (with passive verbs, neuter verbs, or before a nominative subject). References: Gen. 17: 5; Ex. 10: 8; 1 Sam. 17: 34.

אֵת

i. m. subst. • Page 81

Ploughshare. Inflected in two ways as אֵתִים and אֵתִין. References: 1 Sam. 13: 20, 21; Is. 2: 4; Joel 4: 10 [3:10]. Its etymology is suggested to be related to the word מַחֲרֶשֶׁת.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H853

I. אֵת — the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite (Moabite idem, Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd p. 213 f.); Aramaic יָת frequently in Targum Onkelos; Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. ܐܠܗܐ per se, reapse, ܐܠܗܐ sibi ipsi, PS 1640f., Samaritan ܢܡ; Arabic لله, only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W AG i. § 189. [Ethiopic uses ܐܠܗܐ k£y¹ similarly, Di § 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin.] The primitive form will have been ʾiwyaṯ, originally a substantive with following Genitive, Ol p. 432; whether ultimately a parallel development with אוּת sign from √ אוָה is uncertain: Ol W AG i. § 188 Lag M i. 226 affirm, Nö ZMG 1886, 738 doubts. In Hebrew the ground-form is אוּת; the forms with אֵת, אֶת being abbreviated. In post-Biblical Hebrew, used in combination with another preposition: thus בְּאוּתוֹ הַיּוֹם = Biblical Hebrew בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא, בְּאוּתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה; or as a nomin., e.g. אוּתוֹ הָאִישׁ = Biblical Hebrew הָאִישׁ הַהוּא).

Cognates:

• Moabite idem
• Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd p. 213 f.)
• Aramaic יָת frequently in Targum Onkelos
• Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. ܐܠܗܐ per se, reapse, ܐܠܗܐ sibi ipsi, PS 1640f.
• Samaritan ܢܡ
• Arabic لله, only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W AG i. § 189
• Ethiopic uses ܐܠܗܐ k£y¹ similarly, Di § 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin

1. As mark of the accusative prefixed to substantives defined either by the article (or כָּל), or by a Genitive or pronominal affix, or in virtue of being proper names

• a. With transitive verbs:
  • Genesis 1:1, 16, 29, 30; Genesis 2:11; Genesis 4:1, 2; Genesis 9:3 (אֶת־כָּל) etc.
  • Similarly אֶת־מִי whom (in particular), Joshua 24:15; 1 Samuel 12:3; 1 Samuel 28:11; Isaiah 6:8 and elsewhere (but never אֶת־מָה); also with זֶה Genesis 29:33; Genesis 44:29; 1 Samuel 21:16; 1 Kings 22:27 +, זֹאת Genesis 29:27; 2 Samuel 13:27 +, אַחֲלֶה Genesis 46:18; Leviticus 11:18; Isaiah 49:21 +.
  • So pretty uniformly in prose; but in poetry אֵת is commonly dispensed with.
  • By the use of אֵת with the pronominal affix, a pronoun can at once, if required, be placed in a position of emphasis; let the order of words from this point of view be carefully noticed in the following passages: Genesis 7:1; Genesis 24:14; Genesis 37:4; Leviticus 10:17; Leviticus 11:33; Numbers 22:32 thee I had slain, and her I had kept alive, Deuteronomy 4:14; Deuteronomy 6:13, 23; Deuteronomy 13:5; Judges 14:3 אוּתָהּ קַח־לִי take for me her, 1 Samuel 14:35; 1 Samuel 15:1; 1 Samuel 18:17; 1 Samuel 21:10 אִם־אֶת־הָהִיא תִּקַּח־לְךָ קַח if thou wilt take that, take it, 1 Kings 1:35; 1 Kings 14:9; Isaiah 43:22; Isaiah 57:11; Jeremiah 9:2.
  • So הָאוּתִי Jeremiah 5:22; Jeremiah 7:19.
  • It also sometimes enables the reflexive sense to be expressed (elsewhere נַפְשָׁם) Jeremiah 7:19; Ezekiel 34:2.
  • Rarely with a substantive which is undefined (Ew § 277 d 2 Ges § 117, 1, R. 2), as Exodus 21:28; Numbers 21:9; Leviticus 20:14; 1 Samuel 24:6 (but see Dr) 2 Samuel 4:11; 2 Samuel 18:18; 2 Samuel 23:21; or which, though definite, is without the article, Genesis 21:30; 2 Samuel 15:16; Leviticus 26:5; 1 Samuel 9:3 (so Numbers 16:15) Isaiah 33:19; Isaiah 41:7; Ezekiel 43:10 (for further examples see Ew 1.c.).
• b. With a passive verb (Ges § 121. 1 Ew § 295 b) conceived as expressing neutrally the action in question, and construed accordingly with an accusative of that which is its real object: examples occur with tolerable frequency from Genesis 4:18 (J) וַיִּוָּלֵד לַחֲנוֹךְ אֶת־עִירָד, Genesis 17:5 (P), לֹא יִקָּרֵא עוֹד אֶת־שִׁמְךָ אַבְרָם there shall not be called (=one shall not call) thy name Abram, Genesis 21:5 (E), Genesis 27:42; 2 Samuel 21:11; 1 Kings 18:13; Hosea 10:6 etc., to Jeremiah 35:18; Jeremiah 38:4; Jeremiah 50:20; Ezekiel 16:4, 5; Esther 2:13 (compare Dr JPh xi. 227 f.): also with passive verbs of filling (Ew § 281 b), as Exodus 1:7 +.
• c. With neuter verbs or expressions, especially such as involve the idea of regarding, or treating, appy. by a construction κατά σύνεσιν (rare): Joshua 22:17; 2 Samuel 11:25; Nehemiah 9:32 (compare 1 Samuel 20:13 Dr). Once after אֵין, Haggai 2:17; אֵין אֶתְכֶם אֲלֵי.
• d. Poet. (si vera lectio), after an abstract noun used with a verbal force: Habakkuk 3:13 (Amos 4:11; Isaiah 13:19; Jeremiah 50:40 מַהֲפֵּכָה exerts a verbal force, like the Arabic nom. verbi [see W AG i. § 196, 43]; and Numbers 10:2; Ezekiel 17:9 לְמַסַּע, לְמַשְׁאוֹת are Aramaizing infinitives: compare Ew § 239 a).

2. אֵת marks an accusative in other relations than that of direct object to a verb

• a. With verbs of motion (very rare): Numbers 13:17; Deuteronomy 1:19; Deuteronomy 2:7 (to 'walk the wilderness'); denoting the goal Judges 19:18; Ezekiel 21:25 (Ew § 281 d, n., 282 a 1).
• b. Denoting time (duration), also very rare: Exodus 13:7; Leviticus 25:22; Deuteronomy 9:25.
• c. Expressing the accus. of limitation (rare): Genesis 17:11, 14; 1 Kings 15:23.

3. Chiefly in an inferior or later style, אֵת (or וְאֵת) is used irregularly, partly (α), as it would seem, to give greater definiteness (so especially וְאֵת) at the mention of a new subject (when it may sometimes be rendered as regards), or through the influence of a neighbouring verb (a construct κατά σύνεσιν), or by an anacoluthon, partly (β) as resuming loosely some other preposition

• Thus (α): Exodus 1:14; Numbers 3:26, 46; Numbers 5:10 (with הָיָה: so Ezekiel 35:10) Numbers 18:21 b Deuteronomy 11:2 (anacoluthon), Deuteronomy 14:13; Joshua 17:11; Judges 20:44, 46 (contr. Judges 20:25; Judges 20:35) 1 Samuel 17:34 (see Dr) 1 Samuel 26:16; 2 Samuel 21:22; 2 Kings 6:5; Isaiah 53:8 (probably), Isaiah 57:12; Jeremiah 23:33 (but read rather with LXX Targum אֶתֶּם הַמַּשָּׂא) Jeremiah 27:8; Jeremiah 36:22; Jeremiah 38:16 Kt, Jeremiah 45:4 b Ezekiel 16:22; Ezekiel 17:21; Ezekiel 20:16; Ezekiel 29:4; b Ezekiel 43:7 (LXX Co prefix הָרְאִיתָ) Ezekiel 44:3; Zechariah 8:17; Ecclesiastes 4:3; Daniel 9:13; Nehemiah 9:19, 34; 1 Chronicles 2:9; 2 Chronicles 31:17.
• In 1 Samuel 30:23; Haggai 2:5 probably some such word as remember is to be understood.
• (β): Jeremiah 38:9; Ezekiel 14:22; b Ezekiel 37:19 b Zechariah 12:10; סָבִיב אֵת 1 Kings 6:5; Ezekiel 43:17 strangely (in 1 Kings LXX omits the clause: so Sta ZAW 1883, 135).
• — In 1 Kings 11:1 וְ is merely and also, and especially (see וְ); 1 Kings 11:25 is corrupt (read with LXX זֹאת הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה הֲדַד); Ezekiel 47:17, 18, 19 read similarly for וְאֵת, זֹאת: see Ezekiel 47:20.

— For some particulars as to the use of אֵת, see A. M. Wilson Hebraica. vi. 139 ff. 212 ff. (who, however, confuses it sometimes with II. אֵת). For denoting the pronominal object of a verb, אֵת with suffix preponderates relatively much above the verbal affix in P, as compared with J E Deuteronomy Judges Samuel Kings (see Gie ZAW 1881, 258 f.), — partly, probably, on account of the greater distinctness and precision which P loves.

יָת mark of accusative (= Biblical Hebrew I. אֵת; Palmyrene ית; Zinjirli Had. 28 with suffix ותה; Nabataean, Palmyrene with suffix יתו (Lzb 263 Cooke 170; compare RÉS 468); Targum Onkelos Samaritan יָת; Syriac ܒܪ (rare)); — Daniel 3:12 דִּי מְנִיּתָ יָתְהוֹן whom thou hast appointed.

¹ Schröd: Paul Schröder, Die phönizische Sprache, Halle, 1869.

² Lag: Paul de Lagarde, works on Semitic languages.

³ Nö: Theodor Nöldeke, Orientalische Skizzen, Berlin, 1892.

⁴ Ol: Julius Olshausen, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, Braunschweig, 1861.

⁵ W AG: Wilhelm Gesenius, Thesaurus Linguae Hebraeae, ed. by E. Rödiger, Leipzig, 1835-1858.

⁶ Di: August Dillmann, Ethiopic Grammar, Leipzig, 1857.

⁷ Targ: Targum.

⁸ PS: Payne Smith, Syriac Dictionary.

⁹ Qor: Quran.

¹⁰ Ew: Heinrich Ewald, Ausführliches Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, Göttingen, 1870.

¹¹ Ges: Wilhelm Gesenius, Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

¹² Dr: Samuel Rolles Driver, works on Hebrew.

¹³ JPh: Journal of Philology.

¹⁴ LXX: Septuagint.

¹⁵ Targum: Targum.

¹⁶ Sta: Bernhard Stade, Geschichte des Volkes Israel, Berlin, 1887.

¹⁷ ZAW: Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft.

¹⁸ Gie: Friedrich Giesebrecht, works on Hebrew.

¹⁹ Lzb: Mark Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik, Weimar, 1898.

²⁰ Cooke: George Albert Cooke, North-Semitic Inscriptions, Oxford, 1903.

²¹ RÉS: Revue des Études Sémitiques.

Conjunction, Direct object eternal self

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0853:

No stats available

בת בַּת־

a built one/daughter

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בת

bath

Definition

a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)

Root

from H1129 (בנה) (as feminine of H1121 (בן));

Exhaustive

from בנה (as feminine of בן); a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively); apple (of the eye), branch, company, daughter, [idiom] first, [idiom] old, [phrase] owl, town, village.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1323

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בַּת

noun feminine • Root בנן • Strongs / High • Page 929

Daughter. Example of a word where Nun is absorbed, from an older form בַּנְתְּ.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בַּת

noun feminine • Root בן • Page 120

1. daughter; freq. 2. granddaughter, female descendant. Gen. 36:2. also used with names of cities to denote female inhabitants. 3. poetic personification of cities and countries (e.g. daughter of Tyre, daughter of Babylon). Is. 47:1, 5. Jer. 46:11. 4. daughters of a city, i. e. small villages under its jurisdiction. Num. 21:25, 32. 5. various idiomatic phrases: daughter of ninety years (ninety years old), a wicked or vile woman, daughters of song (singing birds), daughter of the eye (apple of the eye).

בַּת

noun masculine • Page 120

a bath, a measure for liquids, containing the tenth part of a homer. 1 K. 7:26, 38. Ezek. 45:10.

בַּת

chald. • Page 120

i. q. Heb. בַּת a bath. Ezra 7:22.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1323

I. בַּת (approximate number of occurrences: 587) noun feminine — daughter (*בַּנְתְּ from בן).

Cognates:

• Phoenician בת
• Moabite בנת (plural maidens)
• Assyrian bintu¹
• Arabic بنت
• Sabean בת, בנת²
• Aramaic בְּרַת

— בַּת absolute Exodus 1:16 +; construct בַּת Genesis 11:29 +; suffix בִּתִּי Deuteronomy 22:16 +; בִּתְּךָ Genesis 29:18 +; בִּתֵּנוּ Genesis 34:17 etc.; plural בָּנוֺת Genesis 5:4 +; construct בְּנוֺת Genesis 6:2 +; suffix בְּנֹתַי Genesis 31:26 +; בְּנוֺתֶיךָ Genesis 19:12 +; בְּנֹתָם Genesis 34:21; בְּנוֺתֵיהֶם Deuteronomy 12:31 +, etc.

1. Daughter, female child

a. General usage

• Born of a woman: Genesis 30:21; Genesis 34:1; Exodus 1:16, 22; Exodus 21:4; Leviticus 12:6; Hosea 1:6; Genesis 20:12; Leviticus 18:9; Deuteronomy 27:22.
• Begotten by a man: Genesis 5:4, 7, 10; Genesis 11:11, 13, 15; Genesis 19:8; Genesis 28:2.
• Often paired with בֵּן (son): Genesis 5:4 (compare 2 Kings 14:9).
• Human women: בְּנוֺת הָאָדָם Genesis 6:2, 4.
• Specific ranks: בִּתְּךָ הַמְּטַנָּה (younger daughter) Genesis 29:18; בִּתִּי הַגְּדוֺלָה (eldest daughter) 1 Samuel 18:17.
• Princess: בַּת־הַמֶּלֶךְ 2 Kings 9:34; Daniel 11:6; Psalm 45:10.

b. Girl called by kin

• By father and brothers: בִּתֵּנוּ Genesis 34:17; בִּתְּכֶם Genesis 34:8.

c. Adopted daughter

• Esther 2:7, 15.

d. Daughter-in-law

• Address to daughter-in-law: Ruth 1:11–13; Ruth 2:2, 8, 22; Ruth 3:1, 16, 18.

e. Sister or Half-sister

• בַּת־אָבִיו: Ezekiel 22:11.
• Half-sister: Genesis 20:12 (בַּת־אָבִי אַךְ לֹא בַת־אִמִּי); Leviticus 18:9, 11; Leviticus 20:17.

f. Cousin

• בַּת־דֹּדוֺ: Esther 2:7.

g. Kindly address

• בִּתִּי: Ruth 3:10, 11; Psalm 45:11.
• In mouth of God: בְּנוֺתַי Isaiah 43:6.

h. Granddaughters

• בְּנוֺת בָּנָיו: Genesis 46:7 (Priests' Code); Leviticus 18:10, 17 (Holiness Code); Genesis 37:35.

i. Women of a particular city or people

• Daughters of Zion: Isaiah 3:16; Song of Solomon 3:11.
• Daughters of Jerusalem: Song of Solomon 1:5; Song of Solomon 2:7.
• Daughters of Canaan: Genesis 28:1, 6, 8 (Priests' Code).
• Daughters of the Philistines: Judges 14:1; 2 Samuel 1:20.
• Daughters of Israel: Judges 11:40; 1 Samuel 1:24.
• Woman of Levi: בַּת־לַוֵי Exodus 2:1.

2. Young women, women

• Genesis 30:13 (Jehovist Source); Proverbs 31:29; Song of Solomon 2:2; 6:9.
• Confident women: בָּנוֺת בֹּטְחוֺת Isaiah 32:9.
• בַּת הַנָּשִׁים Daniel 11:17.

3. Poetic personification of city or people

Poetic designation of inhabitants:

• Daughter of Zion (בַּת־צִיּוֺן): Isaiah 1:8; Micah 4:8; Zechariah 9:9; Lamentations 1:6.
• Virgin daughter of Zion: 2 Kings 19:21; Lamentations 2:13.
• Daughter of Jerusalem: Micah 4:8; Zephaniah 3:14.
• Daughter of Babylon: Jeremiah 50:42; Psalm 137:8.
• Daughter of my people (בַּת־עַמִּי): Isaiah 22:4; Jeremiah 4:11; Jeremiah 6:14; Lamentations 4:3, 6, 10.
• Daughter of Egypt: Jeremiah 46:24.
• Daughter of Edom: Lamentations 4:21, 22.

4. Plural as villages

Meaning small towns or "daughter" villages dependent on a mother city:

• Heshbon and its villages: Numbers 21:25; Numbers 32:42 (Elohist Source).
• Joshua 15:45, 47; Joshua 17:11, 16 (Jehovist Source).
• Judges 1:27; Jeremiah 49:2; Nehemiah 11:25–31.

5. In phrases denoting character or quality

• Daughter of a strange god (idolatrous): בַּת־אֵל נֵכָר Malachi 2:11.
• Daughter of a troop (warlike city): בַּת־גְּדוּד Micah 4:14.
• Daughters of song: בְּנוֺת הַשִּׁיר Ecclesiastes 12:4.
• Daughter of Belial: בַּת־בְּלִיַּעַל 1 Samuel 1:16.

6. Idiomatic and anatomical uses

• Ostrich: בַּת יַעֲנָה Leviticus 11:16; Deuteronomy 14:15; plural Job 30:29; Isaiah 13:21; Jeremiah 50:39.
• Pupil of the eye: בַּת־עַיִן Lamentations 2:18 (compare Ethiopic ባለት).

7. Figurative usage

• Leech's daughters: לַעֲלוּקָה שְׁתֵּי בָנוֺת Proverbs 30:15.

8. Of a vine

• Branch: בָּנוֺת צָעֲדָה עֲלֵי־שׁוּר Genesis 49:22.

9. As a noun relative of age

• Of a woman: בַּת־תִּשְׁעִים שָׁנָה (ninety years old) Genesis 17:17 (Priests' Code).
• Of a ewe-lamb: בַּת־שְׁנָתָהּ Leviticus 14:10; Numbers 6:14.
• Of a she-goat: id. Numbers 15:27.

— II. בַּת see below בתת.

¹ Winckler, Sargon, Glossary.

² D. H. Müller, ZMG 1883, 391; CIS iv. l, No. 6. 21.

Noun common feminine singular construct

LXX: θυγατέρεσ θυγάτηρ θυγατέρασ θυγατέρα θυγατέρων

LXX Usage Statistics

H1323:

θυγατέρεσ 90× (14.6%)

θυγάτηρ 89× (15.5%)

θυγατέρασ 82× (12.3%)

θυγατέρα 65× (10.8%)

θυγατέρων 54× (8.0%)

αὐτῆσ 47× (4.9%)

θυγατρὸσ 35× (6.0%)

θύγατερ 30× (5.6%)

θυγατρὶ 18× (3.0%)

'' 16× (2.5%)

פרעה פַּרְעה

Pharaoh

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

פרעה

Parʻôh

Definition

Paroh, a general title of Egyptian kings

Root

of Egyptian derivation;

Exhaustive

of Egyptian derivation; Paroh, a general title of Egyptian kings; Pharaoh.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6547

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

פַּרְעֹה

noun proper masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1195

A proper masculine noun (Egyptian) being a title of the native Egyptian kings (Pharaoh).

Matched via consonantal key only

פְּרָעָה

fem. prop. • Root פרע • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1195

Supremacy, concrete a prince, leader, used to describe when the princes led the way in Israel. Also from the head of the princes of the enemy.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

פַּרְעֹה

noun • Page 554

in Greek Φαραώ, Pharaoh, the name of nearly all the kings of Egypt mentioned in the Old Testament, strictly a mere title of royalty. Gen. XL. XLI. XLVII.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6547

I. מַּרְעֹה (approximate number of occurrences: 275) noun masculine — Pharaoh.

Etymology and Cognates:

• Greek Φαραω
• Egyptian pr-±o (great house, of royal court, and in new kingdom, of king)¹
• Assyrian pir°u²

— מַּרְעֹה absolute Genesis 12:15 (3 times); Genesis 12:17 (212 times in Hexateuch, 19 times in Kings); Isaiah 19:11 (twice) + 3 times; Jeremiah 25:19 + 10 times; Ezekiel 17:17 + 12 times; Nehemiah 9:10; 1 Chronicles 4:18; 2 Chronicles 8:11; Psalm 135:9; Psalm 136:15; Song of Songs 1:9.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Title of Egyptian kings

• (+ מֶלֶךְ מִצְרַיִם) (not early) Jeremiah 25:19; Jeremiah 46:17; Deuteronomy 7:8; Deuteronomy 11:3; Ezekiel 29:2–3; Ezekiel 30:21–22; Ezekiel 31:2; 1 Kings 3:1; 1 Kings 9:16; 1 Kings 11:18; 2 Kings 17:7; 2 Kings 18:21 (= Isaiah 36:6)
• Genesis 41:46 (Elohist Source)
• Exodus 6:11, 13, 27, 29; Exodus 14:8 (Priests' Code)

b. Used with proper names

• מַּרְעֹה חָפְרַע Jeremiah 44:30
• מַּרְעֹה נְכֹה Jeremiah 46:2; 2 Kings 23:29, 33, 34, 35

¹ F. Ll. Griffith in Hastings’ Dictionary of the Bible; E. Meyer, Geschichte des Altertums, i. 59; Steindorff, Beiträge zur Assyriologie, i. 343.

² E. Schrader, The Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament (COT); but see Winckler, Mitteilungen der Vorderasiatischen Gesellschaft (MVAG), 1898, 3f.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: φαραω '' βασιλεῖ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6547:

φαραω 257× (94.9%)

'' 6× (1.9%)

βασιλεῖ 2× (0.6%)

מואביות מוֹאֲבִיּוֹת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מואבי

Môwʼâbîy

Definition

a Moabite or Moabitess, i.e. a descendant from Moab

Root

feminine מואביה; or מואביתxlit Môwâbîyth corrected to Môwʼâbîyth; patronymical from H4124 (מואב);

Exhaustive

feminine מואביה; or מואביתxlit Môwâbîyth corrected to Môwʼâbîyth; patronymical from מואב; a Moabite or Moabitess, i.e. a descendant from Moab; (woman) of Moab, Moabite(-ish, -ss).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4125

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מוֹאָבִי

gentilic noun / masculine • Root מואב • Strongs / High • Page 820

A Moabite man.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4125

I. מוֺאָבִי, מוֺאֲבִיָּה (approximate number of occurrences: 22) adjective — Moabitish.

— מוֺאָבִי Deuteronomy 23:4 (2 times), מֹאָבִי Ezra 9:1; plural מֹאָבִים Deuteronomy 2:11; מוֺאָב Deuteronomy 2:29; feminine singular מוֺאֲבִיָּה Ruth 1:22 (4 times); מֹאֲבִיָּה Ruth 4:10; מוֺאָבִית 2 Chronicles 24:26; feminine plural מוֺאֲבִיּוֺת 1 Kings 11:1, Nehemiah 13:23; מֹאֲבִיּוֹת Ruth 1:4.

1. masculine = a Moabite
   • Deuteronomy 23:4
   • Nehemiah 13:1
   • הַמּוֹאָבִי = the Moabite 1 Chronicles 11:46
   • collective = the Moabites Ezra 9:1, so plural Deuteronomy 2:11, 29
2. feminine plural
   • as adjective (+ נָשִׁים) Ruth 1:4
   • as substantive 1 Kings 11:1, Nehemiah 13:23
3. feminine singular
   • as adjective 2 Chronicles 24:26
   • especially רוּת הַמּוֹאָבִיָּה Ruth 1:22, Ruth 2:2, 21, Ruth 4:5, 10
   • מוֺאָבִיָּה as noun feminine singular Ruth 2:6

מוֺאל see מול.

[מוֺבָא] see מָבוֺא below בוא.

Noun gentilic feminine plural absolute

LXX: μωαβίτιδασ μωαβίτησ μωαβῖται μωαβῖτισ t?

LXX Usage Statistics

H4125:

μωαβίτιδασ 3× (20.0%)

μωαβίτησ 3× (17.0%)

μωαβῖται 3× (15.0%)

μωαβῖτισ 2× (11.3%)

t? 2× (7.3%)

עמניות עַמֳּנִיּוֹת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עמון

ʻAmmôwn

Definition

Ammon, a son of Lot; also his posterity and their country

Root

from H5971 (עם); tribal, i.e. inbred;

Exhaustive

from עם; tribal, i.e. inbred; Ammon, a son of Lot; also his posterity and their country; Ammon, Ammonites.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5983

עמוני

ʻAmmôwnîy

Definition

an Ammonite or (the adjective) Ammonitish

Root

patronymically from H5983 (עמון);

Exhaustive

patronymically from עמון; an Ammonite or (the adjective) Ammonitish; Ammonite(-s).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5984

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַמּוֹן

noun proper • Strongs / High • Page 1104

Proper name of a son of Lot's, the ancestor of the Ammonites ('belonging to the people, a countryman').

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַמּוֹנִי

gent. m. • Strongs / High • Page 1104

The Ammonite (masculine gender).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַמּוֹן

m. proper name • Root עם • Page 514

Ammon, a proper name for a people, the Ammonites, who dwelt northeast of the Moabites (1 Sam. 11:11; Num. 21:24).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5983

I. עַמּוֺן (approximate number of occurrences: 106) proper name, of a people — Ammon.

Cognates:

• Septuagint Αμμαν, Αμμων
• Assyrian Bît Ammanu¹

— עַמּוֺן 1 Samuel 11:11, Psalm 83:8; usually בְּנֵי עַמּוֺן Numbers 21:24 + etc.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Origin and Identity

• Connected by Jehovist source with בֶּן־עַמִּי son of Lot Genesis 19:38 (meaning sought herein; compare II. עַם)
• People akin to Israel, but usually hostile

b. Geography and History

• Dwelling east of Jordan, northeast of Moab, between Arnon and Jabbok: Numbers 21:24 (Jehovist / Elohist Source); Deuteronomy 2:19; Deuteronomy 2:37; Deuteronomy 3:11, 16
• In conquest and early history: Joshua 12:2; Joshua 13:10 (Deuteronomic Code), Joshua 13:25 (Priests' Code); Judges 3:13; Judges 10:6 (25 times in Judges 10–12)
• In the Monarchy: 1 Samuel 11:11; 1 Samuel 12:12; 1 Samuel 14:47; 2 Samuel 8:12; 2 Samuel 10:1 (14 times in 2 Samuel 10–12); 2 Samuel 17:27; 1 Kings 11:7, 33; 2 Kings 23:13; 2 Kings 24:2; 1 Chronicles 18:11 (20 times in Chronicles)
• In the Prophets and later writings: Amos 1:13; Isaiah 11:14; Jeremiah 9:25 (9 times in Jeremiah); Zephaniah 2:8, 9; Ezekiel 21:25, 33 (5 times in Ezekiel 25); Daniel 11:41

¹ Eberhard Schrader, *The Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament* (COT).

² T. K. Cheyne, "Ammon," in *Encyclopaedia Biblica*.

H5984

עַמּוֹנִי, עַמֹּנִי adjective, of a people — Ammonite.

— absolute masculine singular עַמּוֹנִי as substantive Deuteronomy 23:4 (generic), so עַמֹּנִי Nehemiah 13:1; הָעַמּוֺנִי of individual 1 Samuel 11:1, 2; 2 Samuel 23:37 = 1 Chronicles 11:39; Nehemiah 2:19, so הָעַמֹּנִי Nehemiah 2:10; Nehemiah 3:35; feminine singular הָעַמֹּנִית 1 Kings 14:21, 2 Chronicles 12:13; 1 Kings 14:31, so הָעַמּוֺנִית 2 Chronicles 24:26; הָעַמֹּנִי as substantive collective Ezra 9:1; masculine plural as substantive עַמֹּנִים 1 Kings 11:5, הָעַמֹּנִים Deuteronomy 2:20; Nehemiah 4:1, הָעַמּוֺנִים 2 Chronicles 26:8 (on 2 Chronicles 20:1 see מְעוּנִים); feminine plural as adjective עַמֳּנִיֹּת 1 Kings 11:1, so Nehemiah 13:23 Qr, Kt עמוניות.

Noun gentilic feminine plural absolute

LXX: αμμων αμμαν αμμανίτησ αμμωνι αμμανῖται

LXX Usage Statistics

H5983:

αμμων 93× (77.3%)

αμμαν 4× (3.3%)

αμμανίτησ 4× (3.0%)

αμμωνι 4× (2.8%)

αμμανῖται 3× (2.0%)

αμμανίτιδασ 2× (1.7%)

'' 2× (1.4%)

αμμανῖτισ 2× (1.4%)

H5984:

No stats available

אדמית אֲדֹמִיֹּת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אדם

ʼĔdôm

Definition

Edom, the elder twin-brother of Jacob; hence the region (Idumaea) occupied by him

Root

or (fully) אדום ; from H122 (אדם); red (see Genesis 25:25);

Exhaustive

or (fully) אדום ; from אדם; red (see Genesis 25:25); Edom, the elder twin-brother of Jacob; hence the region (Idumaea) occupied by him; Edom, Edomites, Idumea.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H123

אדמי

ʼĔdômîy

Definition

an Edomite, or descendants from (or inhabitants of) Edom

Root

or (fully) אדומי ; patronymic from H123 (אדם); See H726 (ארומי).

Exhaustive

or (fully) אדומי ; patronymic from אדם; See ארומי.; an Edomite, or descendants from (or inhabitants of) Edom; Edomite.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H130

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֱדֹם

noun proper • Root אדם • Strongs_Numbers • Page 66

1. The mountainous territory Edom. 2. The progenitor of the Edomites, Esau. 3. Sometimes stands for Aram (due to scribal interchange of Dalet and Resh).

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֲדָמִי

noun proper • Root אדם • Lemma_Lookup • Page 67

Proper noun of a town in the tribe of Naftali.

אֲדֹמִי

gent. m. / f. • Root אדם • Lemma_Lookup • Page 67

Edomite; an Edomitish woman.

אֲדֻמִּים

noun proper • Root אדם • Lemma_Lookup • Page 67

Proper noun of a ridge of hills on the border between Judah and Benjamin (Ascent of Adummim).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֱדוֹם

proper name • Root אדם • Page 26

Red; 1. son of Isaac, elder twin-brother of Jacob, more commonly called Esau. 2. his posterity, the Edomites, Idumeans, and their country, Idumea, on the south of Palestine (Num. 20:20; Jer. 49:17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H123

I. אָדֹם noun masculine name of a condiment — red lentil stew¹.

Cognates:

• Arabic بسمله (see Anderson in Di²)
• Assyrian adumatu (question mark indicates doubt; Dl³ W⁴)

— אָדֹם absolute Genesis 25:30 (twice in verse) (J⁵; so read for אָדֹם הָאָדֹם הָאָדֹם MT⁶; see Di²).

1. Meanings and Uses

• As a condiment: Genesis 25:30 (J⁵), where Esau sells his birthright for it, highlighting its value as a desirable food item.

II. אֱדֹם (אָדֹם Ezekiel 25:14) proper name masculine — Edom⁷.

2. Meanings and Uses

• a. As a personal name (Esau): Eldest son of Isaac, Genesis 25:30 (J⁵), where etymology relates to "red" (compare Genesis 25:25 (E⁸?) and אֲדֹמִי Genesis 36:1, Genesis 36:8, Genesis 36:19 (P⁹)). Possibly a name of a god (see Sta¹⁰ G. 1, 121 RS Sem 43¹¹; see n.pr.¹² עֲבַדְאֵל; but Bae¹³ Rel 10 thinks dialect variant reading of אָדֹם, בְּנֵי אֱדֹם = בְּנֵי אָדֹם).
• b. Collective for Edomites/Idumeans: Descendants of Esau, masculine but [feminine]¹⁴ Malachi 1:4, Genesis 36:9, Genesis 36:43 (P⁹); also 1 Samuel 14:47 (31 times) + 2 Samuel 8:13 (for אֲרָם; see 1 Chronicles 18:12; Psalm 60:2, We¹⁵ Dr¹⁶); perhaps also Psalm 60:12 (see 1 Chronicles 18:11; אֲרָם but see We¹⁵ Dr¹⁶); also 2 Chronicles 20:2 (see Berthol¹⁷); מֶלֶךְ אֱדֹם = king of Edom Numbers 20:18, Numbers 20:20, Numbers 20:21; in poetry בְּנֵי אֱדֹם Psalm 137:7, בַּת אֱדֹם Lamentations 4:21, Lamentations 4:22.
• c. Land of Edom/Idumaea: [feminine]¹⁴ Ezekiel 32:29; Ezekiel 35:15; Ezekiel 36:5, south and southeast of Palestine, Genesis 36:32, Genesis 36:43 (32 times) (including שְׂדֵה אֱדֹם Genesis 32:4; אֶרֶץ אֱדֹם Genesis 36:16, Genesis 36:17, Genesis 36:21, Genesis 36:31; Numbers 20:23; Numbers 21:4; Numbers 33:37 +); uncertain whether 2 or 3 are Exodus 15:15; Numbers 20:14; Numbers 24:18 (9 times) (chiefly in מֶלֶךְ אֱדֹם etc.).

¹ A stew made from red lentils, valued as a food item in ancient contexts.

² A. Dillmann, Commentary on Genesis.

³ Friedrich Delitzsch.

⁴ W. Wright.

⁵ Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁶ Massoretic Text.

⁷ Refers to the region, people, or Esau as progenitor.

⁸ Elohist Source.

⁹ Priests' Code / Narrative.

¹⁰ B. Stade.

¹¹ RS Sem 43 likely refers to a scholarly work or journal.

¹² Nomen proprium (proper name).

¹³ F. Baethgen.

¹⁴ Brackets indicate that the form enclosed is not actually found or that the Hebrew offers no positive proof of gender.

¹⁵ J. Wellhausen.

¹⁶ S. R. Driver.

¹⁷ A. Bertholet.

¹⁸ See now F. Buhl, Geschichte der Edomiter (1893). The iframe appears to be an incomplete or erroneous element in the raw text and has been omitted as it does not contribute to the lexical entry.

H130

אֲדֹמִי adjective, gentilic (of a people) — Edomite.

• singular masculine אֲדֹמִי — Deuteronomy 23:8; 1 Samuel 21:8; 1 Samuel 22:9; 1 Samuel 22:18; 1 Samuel 22:22; 1 Kings 11:14; Psalm 52:2
• plural masculine אֲדוֹמִים — 2 Chronicles 25:14; 2 Chronicles 28:17; idem 2 Kings 16:6 (Qere; Kethib אֲרוּמִים, see אֲרוּם)
• plural masculine אֲדֹמִיִּים — 1 Kings 11:17
• singular feminine אֲדֹמִית — 1 Kings 11:1

Noun gentilic feminine plural absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0123:

No stats available

H0130:

No stats available

צדנית צֵדְנִיֹּת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

צידון

Tsîydôwn

Definition

Tsidon, the name of a son of Canaan, and of a place in Palestine

Root

or צידן; from H6679 (צוד) in the sense of catching fish; fishery;

Exhaustive

or צידן; from צוד in the sense of catching fish; fishery; Tsidon, the name of a son of Canaan, and of a place in Palestine; Sidon, Zidon.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6721

צידני

Tsîydônîy

Definition

a Tsidonian or inhabitant of Tsidon

Root

patrial from H6721 (צידון);

Exhaustive

patrial from צידון; a Tsidonian or inhabitant of Tsidon; Sidonian, of Sidon, Zidonian.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6722

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

צִידוֹן

noun proper masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1227

Name of the first-born of Canaan and city founded by the Phenicians on the Mediterranean (Sidon).

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

צִידֹנִי

gent. m. / fem. • Strongs / High • Page 1228

Gent. m., fem. צִידֹנִית, see צִידֹון (Sidonian).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

צִידוֹן

f. prop. n. • Page 567

Sidon, the proper name of a celebrated commercial city in Phenicia. Gen. 10: 15.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6721

I. צִידוֹן and צִידֹן (Genesis 10:15, 19; 49:13) proper name, of a location — Sidon (ancient Phoenician city, on coast north of Tyre).

Cognates:

• Greek Σιδων
• Assyrian ṣidum(n)u¹
• Tel Amarna ṣiduna
• Phoenician צדן
• Old Aramaic צידן
• Egyptian Dḥ-(d)u-na²

— צִידֹן Genesis 10:15; צִידוֹן Joshua 11:8 +.

1. Early history and Geography

• 'first-born' of Canaan Genesis 10:15 = 1 Chronicles 1:13
• northern limit of Canaanite Genesis 10:19 (compare Genesis 49:13)
• defined as צִידוֹן רַבָּה (Great Sidon) Joshua 11:8, Joshua 19:28
• various mentions: Judges 1:31; Judges 10:6 (+ אֱלֹהֵי צִידוֹן), Judges 18:28; 1 Kings 17:9

2. Named with Tyre and in Prophetic Oracles

• named with Tyre: Joshua 19:28 (compare v. 29), 2 Samuel 24:6 (compare v. 7), Isaiah 23:2, 4
• בְּתוּלַת בַּת־צִידוֹן Isaiah 23:12 (compare v. 5 etc.)
• Jeremiah 25:22; Jeremiah 27:3; Jeremiah 47:4
• Ezekiel 27:8; Ezekiel 28:21–22 (compare v. 2, 12)
• Zechariah 9:2; Joel 4:4

¹ COT: Eb. Schrader, Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament.

² WMM: W. Max Müller, Asien und Europa nach altägyptischen Denkmälern (1893).

³ Pietschmann, Geschichte der Phönizier (1889); Prutz, Aus Phönicien (1876); Robinson, Biblical Researches (1841); de Luynes, Voyage à la mer Morte; Baedeker, Palestine (1898).

H6722

I. צִידֹנִי (approximate number of occurrences: 18) adjective of a people of foregoing — Sidonian.

Cognates (of root):

• Arabic صوي be parched
• Aramaic צְוָא, צְוִי
• Syriac ܨܘܝ

— צִידֹנִי Judges 3:3; Ezekiel 32:30; elsewhere plural צִידֹנִים Deuteronomy 3:9 +, צִידוֺנִים Judges 10:12, צִדֹנִים Judges 18:7 (3 times); feminine plural צֵדְנִיֹּת 1 Kings 11:1.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. As substantive: Sidonians

• Collective with article: Ezekiel 32:30; Judges 3:3

b. In earlier literature, equivalent to Phoenicians

• Deuteronomy 3:9
• Joshua 13:4, 6
• Judges 3:3
• Judges 10:12
• Judges 18:7 (twice in verse)
• 1 Kings 5:20 (= Tyre v. 15)
• 1 Kings 16:31 (Ethbaal king of Sidonians¹)
• Ezekiel 32:30

c. In religious context

• עַשְׁתֹּרֶת אֱלֹהֵי צִידֹנִים Ashtoreth goddess of Sidonians 1 Kings 11:5, 33; compare 2 Kings 23:13

d. Named with Tyrians

• 1 Chronicles 22:4
• Ezra 3:7

¹ Flavius Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, viii. 13, 1 (Ethbaal was king of Tyre also).

Noun gentilic feminine plural absolute

LXX: σιδῶνοσ σιδῶνα σιδωνίων σιδώνιοι σιδών

LXX Usage Statistics

H6721:

σιδῶνοσ 7× (19.3%)

σιδῶνα 6× (15.6%)

σιδωνίων 5× (13.6%)

σιδώνιοι 4× (9.1%)

σιδών 3× (8.0%)

H6722:

No stats available

חתית חִתִּיֹּת׃

Terrorizer (Chetit)

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חת

Chêth

Definition

Cheth, an aboriginal Canaanite

Root

from H2865 (חתת); terror;

Exhaustive

from חתת; terror; Cheth, an aboriginal Canaanite; Heth.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2845

חתי

Chittîy

Definition

a Chittite, or descendant of Cheth

Root

patronymically from H2845 (חת);

Exhaustive

patronymically from חת; a Chittite, or descendant of Cheth; Hittite, Hittities.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2850

בית דבלתים

Bêyth Diblâthayim

Definition

Beth-Diblathajim, a place East of the Jordan

Root

from H1004 (בית) and the dual of H1690 (דבלה); house of (the) two figcakes;

Exhaustive

from בית and the dual of דבלה; house of (the) two figcakes; Beth-Diblathajim, a place East of the Jordan; Beth-diblathaim.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1015

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חֵת

noun proper • Root חתת • Strongs / High • Page 544

(giant, prop. terror) 1. n. p. of a son of Canaan. 2. Collective designation of a race, the Hittites.

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חִתִּי

patronymic noun • Root חת • Strongs / High • Page 545

A patronymic from the proper name חֵת (Heth); a Hittite.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בַּּיִת

noun • Page 97

A city of Moab, Is. 15:2. Elsewhere written more in full as בֵּית בַּעַל מְעוֹן.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2845

I. חֵת proper name, masculine — apparently represented as ancestor of the Hittites (etymology and meaning unknown; pronounced as from √ חתת in Hebrew & Assyrian, but not Egyptian; see חִתִּי below).

— חֵת 'begotten' by Canaan Genesis 10:15 (Yahwist Source¹) = 1 Chronicles 1:13; elsewhere only in combination with בְּנֵי, בְּנוֺת.

1. Compounds and Occurrences

a. בְּנֵי־חֵת (children of Heth)

• According to Priests' Code / Narrative² lived at Mamre (Hebron), and one of them sold Abraham the cave of Machpelah for a sepulchre Genesis 23:3, 5, 10 (twice in verse); Genesis 23:16, 18, 20; Genesis 25:10; Genesis 49:32.

b. בְּנוֹת־חֵת (daughters of Heth)

• Only of wives of Esau Genesis 27:46 (twice in verse) (Priests' Code / Narrative²; Septuagint³ omits verse 46b; parallel to בְּנוֹת הָאָרֶץ = בְּנוֹת כְּנָ֑עַן Genesis 28:1).

¹ Yahwist Source.

² Priests' Code / Narrative.

³ Septuagint.

H2850

I. חִתִּי adjective and name of a people — Hittite(s).

Cognates:

• Egyptian –-tá, –etá¹
• Assyrian –atti²
• Tel el-Amarna –atti, –atta³

— masculine always with article הַחִתִּי Genesis 23:10; Exodus 3:8 +; feminine חִתִּית Ezekiel 16:3, 45; masculine plural הַחִתִּים Joshua 1:4 (3 times); feminine plural חִתִּיֹּת 1 Kings 11:1.

1. As an adjective

a. Of individuals

• Of seller of Machpelah to Abraham, עֶפְרוֺן הַחִתִּי Genesis 23:10; Genesis 49:29, 30; Genesis 50:13; עֶפְרֹן בֶּן־צֹחַר הַח׳ Genesis 25:9 (Priests' Code)
• Of fathers of Esau's wives בְּאֵרִי הַח׳ Genesis 26:34; אֵילוֺן הַח׳ Genesis 26:34; Genesis 36:2 (Priests' Code)
• Of warriors of David, אֲחִימֶלֶךְ הַח׳ 1 Samuel 26:6, and especially אוּרִיָּה הַח׳ 2 Samuel 11:3, 6, 17, 21, 24; 2 Samuel 12:9–10; 2 Samuel 23:39; 1 Kings 15:5; 1 Chronicles 11:41

b. Feminine used as substantive

• Only of (religious) ancestry of Jerusalem Ezekiel 16:3 thy father was the Amorite, and thy mother was a Hittite woman (חִתִּית), similarly Ezekiel 16:45
• Of Solomon's foreign wives, חִתִּיֹּת 1 Kings 11:1 Hittite women (+ מוֺאֲבִיּוֺת, עַמּוֺנִיּוֺת, אֲדֹמִיֹּת, צֵדְנִיֹּת)

2. As a noun

a. Collective הַחִתִּי the Hittites

• In lists of Canaanitish peoples Genesis 15:20 (Jehovist-Elohist Source), Exodus 3:8, 11 (Jehovist Source), Exodus 13:5; Exodus 23:23, 28; Exodus 33:2; Exodus 34:11; Numbers 13:29; Joshua 3:10 (Jehovist-Elohist Source), Deuteronomy 7:1; Deuteronomy 20:17; Joshua 9:1; Joshua 12:8; Joshua 24:11 (Deuteronomist Source)
• Read also for הַחִוִּי Judges 3:3; in Joshua 11:3 (Deuteronomist Source) strike out הַחִתִּי, and read then הַחִתִּי for הַחִוִּי verse 3b
• Further 1 Kings 9:20; 2 Chronicles 8:7; Ezra 9:1; Nehemiah 9:8

b. Plural הַחִתִּים

• כֹּל אֶרֶץ הַחִתִּים Joshua 1:4 (Deuteronomist Source) nearly = land of Canaanites
• אֶרֶץ הַח׳ specifically of northern home of Hittites Judges 1:26; so also 2 Samuel 24:6 where read אֶרֶץ הַחִתִּים קֵ֫דְשָׁה
• מַלְכֵי הַחִתִּים 1 Kings 10:29; 2 Chronicles 1:17 (+ מַלְכֵי אֲרָם), 2 Kings 7:6 (+ מַלְכֵי מִצְרַיִם, both feared by אֲרָם)

Hence it appears that הַחִתִּי(ם) had their proper seat in the north — where also they were encountered by Assyrians from time of Tiglath-Pileser I, and by Egyptians from time of Tutmes III — but that individual Hittites were known in Israel; that the Hittites were regarded (by JE, D) as one of the peoples of Canaan, and that the name even came to be used in more general sense for Canaanites. Only in P (Priests' Code) do they appear as having a definite settlement in the south, and are designated by בְּנֵי־חֵת, as well as by the adjective הַחִתִּי.

¹ W. Max Müller, Asien und Europa, 319 ff.

² Eberhard Schrader, Keilinschriftliche Geschichtsforschung (KG) 192 ff.; Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament (COT) on Genesis 10:19; Friedrich Delitzsch, Wo lag das Paradies? (Pa), 269 ff.

³ C. Bezold, The Tell el-Amarna Tablets in the British Museum, 150.

H1015

I. בֵּית דִּבְלָתַיִּם noun proper name, of a location in Moab Jeremiah 48:22 = עַלְמֹן דִּבְלָתַיְמָה Numbers 33:46, 47 (Mesha Inscription¹ בית דבלתים) see דָּבָל.

II. דִּבְלָתַיִּם in proper name, of a location see בֵּית דָּבָל, עַלְמֹן דָּבָל (possibly from √ דָּבָל in sense of collect, assemble).

Cognates:

• Ethiopic ትርናይ: III. 3 se colligere, ሀሎሎሀ። coetus, chorus, conventus, concilium

¹ Mesha Inscription (Moabite Stone), a 9th-century BCE inscription discovered in 1868, detailing King Mesha's victories over Israel.

Noun gentilic feminine plural absolute

LXX: χετταίου χετταῖον t? χετ χετταῖοσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2845:

χετταίου 10× (13.7%)

χετταῖον 10× (13.7%)

t? 10× (12.0%)

χετ 9× (14.7%)

χετταῖοσ 7× (9.3%)

χετταίων 6× (8.4%)

χετταίουσ 3× (3.4%)

--- 2× (3.3%)

χετταία 2× (3.3%)

ευαίου 2× (2.8%)

H2850:

No stats available

Heth@Gen.10.15:

No stats available

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And king Solomon loved many strange women, and the daughter of Pharaoh, Moabites, Ammonites, Edomites, Zidonians, Hittites;

LITV Translation:
And king Solomon loved many foreign women, even the daughter of Pharaoh, Moabites, Ammonites, Edomites, Sidonians, Hittites;

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And King Solomon was a lover of women. And he had seven hundred wives, princesses, and three hundred concubines. And he took strange women, as well as the daughter of Pharaoh, Moabitish, Ammonitish women, Syrians and Edomites, Hittites, and Amorites;