1 Chronicles 8:5

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

וגרא וְגֵרָא

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

גרא

Gêrâʼ

Definition

Gera, the name of six Israelites

Root

perhaps from H1626 (גרה); a grain;

Exhaustive

perhaps from גרה; a grain; Gera, the name of six Israelites; Gera.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1617

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גֵּרָא

proper noun / masculine • Root גרה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 337

A proper name, meaning 'enmity'.

Matched via consonantal key only

Conjunction, Noun proper name masculine

LXX: γηρα

LXX Usage Statistics

H1617:

γηρα 9× (100.0%)

ושפופן וּשְׁפוּפָן

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שפופם

Shᵉphûwphâm

Definition

Shephupham or Shephuphan, an Israelite

Root

or שפופן; from the same as H8207 (שפיפן); serpent-like;

Exhaustive

or שפופן; from the same as שפיפן; serpent-like; Shephupham or Shephuphan, an Israelite; Shephuphan, Shupham.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8197

שפופם

Shᵉphûwphâm

Definition

Shephupham or Shephuphan, an Israelite

Root

or שפופן; from the same as H8207 (שפיפן); serpent-like;

Exhaustive

or שפופן; from the same as שפיפן; serpent-like; Shephupham or Shephuphan, an Israelite; Shephuphan, Shupham.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8197

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שְׁפוּפָן

noun proper masculine • Root שפף • Consonantal / Low • Page 1470

Proper name male. (Related to שֶׁפִי, a serpent, stem שָׁפַף).

Matched after stripping common prefixes

Conjunction, Noun proper name masculine

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H8197a:

No stats available

H8197b:

No stats available

וחורם וְחוּרָם׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

חירם

Chîyrâm

Definition

Chiram or Chirom, the name of two Tyrians

Root

or חירוםlemma חירם missing vav, corrected to חירום; another form of H2361 (חורם);

Exhaustive

or חירוםlemma חירם missing vav, corrected to חירום; another form of חורם; Chiram or Chirom, the name of two Tyrians; Hiram, Huram.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2438

חורם

Chûwrâm

Definition

Churam, the name of an Israelite and two Syrians

Root

probably from H2353 (חור); whiteness, i.e. noble;

Exhaustive

probably from חור; whiteness, i.e. noble; Churam, the name of an Israelite and two Syrians; Huram. Compare חירם.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2361

מעצד

maʻătsâd

Definition

an axe

Root

from an unused root meaning to hew;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to hew; an axe; ax, tongs.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4621

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חִירָם

proper noun • Root חול • Strongs / High • Page 466

A proper name (Hiram).

חִירָם

noun proper • Strongs / High • Page 482

(the same) 1. n. p. of a Tyrian king. 2. of a Tyrian artificer.

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חוּרָם

proper name • Root חור • Strongs / High • Page 469

Noble, free. A proper name for a Tyrian king, an artificer, and a Benjamite.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חוּרָם

proper name • Page 220

1. King of Tyre, contemporary with Solomon (2 Chr. 2:2). 2. A Tyrian artist (2 Chr. 4:11), also called חִירָם (1 K. 7:40).

מַעֲצָד

noun masculine • Root עצד • Page 394

m. an axe, hatchet. Is. 44:12. Jer. 10:3.

Conjunction, Noun proper name masculine

LXX: χιραμ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2438:

χιραμ 23× (64.1%)

χιραμ 9× (25.3%)

H2361:

No stats available

Huppim@Gen.46.21:

No stats available

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And Gera, and Shephuphan, and Huram.

LITV Translation:
and Gera, and Shephuphan, and Huram.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
and Gera, and Shephuphan, and Huram.