1 Chronicles 8:3

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ויהיו וַיִּהְיוּ

and they are becoming

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

היה

hâyâh

Definition

to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

Root

a primitive root (compare H1933 (הוא));

Exhaustive

a primitive root (compare הוא); to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary); beacon, [idiom] altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, [phrase] follow, happen, [idiom] have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, [idiom] use.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1961

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הָיָה

verb • Root היה • Strongs / High • Page 397

To be, to exist, to live, to become. A substantive verb used to unite a subject and predicate. It can also mean to happen, to arise, or to belong to. Used in a wide variety of grammatical constructions.

הָיָה

verb • Root היה • Strongs / High • Page 591

To be, to become, to exist. The common Hebrew verb for 'to be', considered the root of the divine name.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הַיָּה

noun feminine • Page 185

Keri הַוָּה suffering, calamity. Job 6: 2; 30: 13.

הָיָה

verb • Page 184

1. To be (Ex. 20:3, Num. 10:31, etc.); 2. to become (Ex. 4:4, Hos. 3:3, etc.); 3. to happen (Is. 19:15).

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person masculine plural

LXX: ἔσται ἐγένετο ἦν ἐγενήθη ἔσονται

LXX Usage Statistics

H1961:

ἔσται 827× (22.9%)

ἐγένετο 634× (16.8%)

ἦν 280× (7.9%)

ἐγενήθη 215× (5.8%)

ἔσονται 160× (4.5%)

ἦσαν 134× (3.8%)

ἐγένοντο 83× (2.3%)

'' 74× (1.9%)

--- 73× (2.2%)

εἶναι 67× (1.7%)

בנים בָנים

builders/sons

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בן

bên

Definition

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)

Root

from H1129 (בנה);

Exhaustive

from בנה; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.); [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1121

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בֵּן

masc. noun • Root בין • Strongs / High • Page 253

1. A child, begotten, born, often without distinction of sex (frequently pluralized as children). 2. Specifically, a son, a male child (opposite daughter). 3. Used metaphorically to denote personal characteristics (virtuous or vicious personality, heir of virtue/vice) or objects (e.g., young animals, plants, or inanimate objects). 4. A grandson; also used as boy, youth, prince, heir to the throne.

Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: υἱοὶ υἱὸσ υἱῶν υἱοῦ υἱοῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1121a:

υἱοὶ 1075× (22.0%)

υἱὸσ 753× (16.8%)

υἱῶν 607× (12.2%)

υἱοῦ 368× (8.1%)

υἱοῖσ 329× (6.1%)

υἱοὺσ 292× (5.7%)

υἱὸν 213× (4.6%)

--- 116× (2.6%)

υἱὲ 96× (2.2%)

'' 84× (1.6%)

לבלע לְבָלַע

to swallow down

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

בלע

Belaʻ

Definition

Bela, the name of a place, also of an Edomite and of two Israelites

Root

the same as H1105 (בלע);

Exhaustive

the same as בלע; Bela, the name of a place, also of an Edomite and of two Israelites; Bela.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1106

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בֶּלַע

noun masculine / noun proper • Root בלע • Consonantal / Medium • Page 250

1. a swallowing (hence for a moment). 2. concrete: thing swallowed, e.g. robbed temple-vessels. 3. abstract: destruction. 4. proper name of a small town at the southern extremity of the Dead Sea, afterwards Zoar. 5. proper name of a man (consumption, destruction).

Matched via consonantal key only

בָּלַע

verb • Root בלע • Consonantal / Medium • Page 249

To swallow, to devour.

Matched via consonantal key only

בִּלַּע

verb • Root בלע • Consonantal / Medium • Page 250

Piel form: 1. to swallow up totally (spittle), hence proverbially like the swallowing (of spittle) i.e. in a moment. 2. to destroy, to annihilate.

Matched via consonantal key only

בֻּלַּע

verb • Root בלע • Consonantal / Medium • Page 250

Pual form: to be destroyed.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בֶּלַע

verb • Root בלע • Page 102

1. *something swallowed*. Jer. 51:44. 2. *destruction*. Ps. 52:6. 3. proper name of a small city on the southern extremity of the Dead Sea, afterwards called צֹעַר. Gen. 14:2, 8, 19:20-22.

בָּלַע

verb • Root בלע • Page 101

1. to *swallow, swallow up, devour*. (Gen. 41:7, 24, Ex. 7:12, Num. 16:30, Job 7:19). 2. figuratively to *destroy* (Prov. 1:12, Jer. 51:34). Pi. to swallow up (Prov. 19:28).

בָּלַע

verb • Page 102

2. *to destroy*, but without giving up the figure. Job 2:3, 10:8, 37:20; Ps. 21:10; Is. 3:12, 19:3, 25:7, 8; 2 Sam. 20:19, 20; Lam. 2:2, 5, 8. Chald. to swallow and to destroy. Niph. pass. Hos. 8:8; Is. 28:7 *disordered* or *smitten* by wine. Hithpa. Ps. 107:27 *is destroyed*.

Preposition, Noun proper name masculine

LXX: βαλε βαλακ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1106a:

βαλε 6× (38.9%)

βαλακ 5× (35.1%)

אדר אַדָּר

majestic

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אדר

ʼAddâr

Definition

Addar, a place in Palestine; also an Israelite

Root

intensive from H142 (אדר); ample;

Exhaustive

intensive from אדר; ample; Addar, a place in Palestine; also an Israelite; Addar.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H146

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אדר

root • Lemma_Lookup • Page 69

(not used) equivalent to Hebr. אַדִּיר

אֲדַר

noun • Lemma_Lookup • Page 62

Powerful, mighty; equivalent to אֶדֶר. Found only in the proper name Adrammelech.

אֲדַר

verb • Root אדר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 212

(not used) intr. to spread out, to stretch wide.

אֲדָר

noun masculine • Root אדר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 69

name of the 12th month in the Hebrew lunar year

אִדַּר

noun feminine (aramaic) • Root אדר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 69

a large open place which being trodden down was used as a threshing-floor

אֶדֶר

noun proper masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 69

mighty one, lord

אֶדֶר

noun masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 69

dress, ornament; mantle

אַדָּר

noun proper • Lemma_Lookup • Page 68

(height, top) name of a place in the south of Judah near Edom; also called Hazar-Addar.

אָדַר

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 62

(Not used) intr. to be powerful, strong, then trans. to overpower, overcome; widely distinguished, great, high.

אָדַר

verb • Root הדר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 68

(Kal not used) intr. to shine, lighten, metaphorically to be splendid, excellent, distinguished, renowned. Nif. נֶאְדַּר to shew oneself glorious. Hif. הֶאְדִּיר to glorify.

אָדַר

noun masculine (assyrian) • Lemma_Lookup • Page 69

fire; Ized, representing fire, hence fire-god generally

אֲדַרְגָּזַר

noun masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 69

astrologer of the fire-god Adar; high dignitary; soothsayer

אַדְרַזְדָּא

adverb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 69

quickly, nimbly, zealously; or rightly, exactly

אֲדָרִים

noun masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 70

see אֲדַרְכּוֹנִים

אַדְרַךְ

noun proper • Root אדר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 69

name of a Syrian deity who represents the revolutions of the year

אֲדַרְכּוֹן

noun masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 69

a gold Persian coin

אַדַרְכּוֹן

noun • Lemma_Lookup • Page 379

see דַּרְכְּמוֹן.

אַדְרַמֶּלֶךְ

noun proper • Lemma_Lookup • Page 70

('Adar is king) 1. n. p. of an Assyrian deity to whom the inhabitants of Sepharvaim burnt their children. 2. n. p. of an Assyrian king.

אֶדְרַע

noun feminine • Root זרע • Lemma_Lookup • Page 70

Aram. f. arm, metaphorically power.

אֶדְרֶעִי

noun proper feminine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 70

(corn-district, plantation). 1. capital of Bashan (Batanæa). 2. A town in the territory of Naphtali.

אַדֶּרֶת

noun feminine • Root אדר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 64

1. Mantle, properly the wide, large overcoat in which persons wrapped themselves. 2. The pride of the meadow, greenness.

אַדֶּרֶת

noun feminine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 70

see אַדִּיר

חֲצַר־אַדָּר

noun proper • Root חצר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 520

(Addar-court) A proper name of a city in the south of Judah near Edom.

נֶאְדָּרִי

adjective • Root אדר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 931

A word found in Exodus 15:6, which is perhaps a variant form for נֶאְדָּרָה. See root אָדַר.

Noun proper name masculine

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0146:

No stats available

וגרא וְגֵרָא

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

גרא

Gêrâʼ

Definition

Gera, the name of six Israelites

Root

perhaps from H1626 (גרה); a grain;

Exhaustive

perhaps from גרה; a grain; Gera, the name of six Israelites; Gera.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1617

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גֵּרָא

proper noun / masculine • Root גרה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 337

A proper name, meaning 'enmity'.

Matched via consonantal key only

Conjunction, Noun proper name masculine

LXX: γηρα

LXX Usage Statistics

H1617:

γηρα 9× (100.0%)

ואביהוד וַאֲבִיהוּד׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אביהוד

ʼĂbîyhûwd

Definition

Abihud, the name of two Israelites

Root

from H1 (אב) and H1935 (הוד); father (i.e. possessor) of renown;

Exhaustive

from אב and הוד; father (i.e. possessor) of renown; Abihud, the name of two Israelites; Abihud.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H31

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֲבִיהוּד

noun proper masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 50

Father is renown (Proper noun)

Conjunction, Noun proper name masculine

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0031:

No stats available

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And the sons to Bela will be Adar and Gera and Abihud,

LITV Translation:
And sons were born to Bela: Addar, and Gera, and Abihud,

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And the sons of Bela were, Addar, and Gera, and Abihud,