1 Chronicles 7:19

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ויהיו וַיִּהְיוּ

and they are becoming

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

היה

hâyâh

Definition

to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

Root

a primitive root (compare H1933 (הוא));

Exhaustive

a primitive root (compare הוא); to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary); beacon, [idiom] altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, [phrase] follow, happen, [idiom] have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, [idiom] use.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1961

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הָיָה

verb • Root היה • Strongs / High • Page 397

To be, to exist, to live, to become. A substantive verb used to unite a subject and predicate. It can also mean to happen, to arise, or to belong to. Used in a wide variety of grammatical constructions.

הָיָה

verb • Root היה • Strongs / High • Page 591

To be, to become, to exist. The common Hebrew verb for 'to be', considered the root of the divine name.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הַיָּה

noun feminine • Page 185

Keri הַוָּה suffering, calamity. Job 6: 2; 30: 13.

הָיָה

verb • Page 184

1. To be (Ex. 20:3, Num. 10:31, etc.); 2. to become (Ex. 4:4, Hos. 3:3, etc.); 3. to happen (Is. 19:15).

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person masculine plural

LXX: ἔσται ἐγένετο ἦν ἐγενήθη ἔσονται

LXX Usage Statistics

H1961:

ἔσται 827× (22.9%)

ἐγένετο 634× (16.8%)

ἦν 280× (7.9%)

ἐγενήθη 215× (5.8%)

ἔσονται 160× (4.5%)

ἦσαν 134× (3.8%)

ἐγένοντο 83× (2.3%)

'' 74× (1.9%)

--- 73× (2.2%)

εἶναι 67× (1.7%)

בני בְּנֵי

sons/my son

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בן

bên

Definition

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)

Root

from H1129 (בנה);

Exhaustive

from בנה; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.); [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1121

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בֵּן

masc. noun • Root בין • Strongs / High • Page 253

1. A child, begotten, born, often without distinction of sex (frequently pluralized as children). 2. Specifically, a son, a male child (opposite daughter). 3. Used metaphorically to denote personal characteristics (virtuous or vicious personality, heir of virtue/vice) or objects (e.g., young animals, plants, or inanimate objects). 4. A grandson; also used as boy, youth, prince, heir to the throne.

Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX: υἱοὶ υἱὸσ υἱῶν υἱοῦ υἱοῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1121a:

υἱοὶ 1075× (22.0%)

υἱὸσ 753× (16.8%)

υἱῶν 607× (12.2%)

υἱοῦ 368× (8.1%)

υἱοῖσ 329× (6.1%)

υἱοὺσ 292× (5.7%)

υἱὸν 213× (4.6%)

--- 116× (2.6%)

υἱὲ 96× (2.2%)

'' 84× (1.6%)

שמידע שְׁמִידָע

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שמידע

Shᵉmîydâʻ

Definition

Shemida, an Israelite

Root

apparently from H8034 (שם) and H3045 (ידע); name of knowing;

Exhaustive

apparently from שם and ידע; name of knowing; Shemida, an Israelite; Shemida, Shemidah.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8061

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שְׁמִידָע

proper name • Root ידע • Strongs / High • Page 583

A proper name.

Noun proper name masculine

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H8061:

No stats available

אחין אַחְיָן

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אחין

ʼAchyân

Definition

Achjan, an Israelite

Root

from H251 (אח); brotherly;

Exhaustive

from אח; brotherly; Achjan, an Israelite; Ahian.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H291

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אַחְיָן

noun proper masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 100

'Ach is clearness.

Noun proper name masculine

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0291:

No stats available

ושכם וָשׁכֶם

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שכם

Shekem

Definition

Shekem, the name of a Hivite and two Israelites

Root

for H7926 (שכם);

Exhaustive

for שכם; Shekem, the name of a Hivite and two Israelites; Shechem.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7928

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שְׁכֵם

noun masculine • Consonantal / Low • Page 1423

1. The back, same as שֶׁכֶם; hence 'to make one turn the back'. 2. Proper name of a priestly city (Shechem) and a place of asylum.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

שְׁכֶם

noun masculine • Consonantal / Low • Page 1423

1. The back, shoulder, shoulder-blade (often metaphor for oppressive dominion). 2. Burden, task (the part where the load is laid). 3. Metaphor: ridge of a hill, mountain-tract. 4. Proper name: Shechem (a territory/city).

Matched after stripping common prefixes

שֶׁכֶם

noun masculine • Root שכם • Consonantal / Low • Page 1422

Properly what is bent or bowed. 1. The back/neck/shoulder inclined for carrying a burden. Fig.: the duties of ruling. 2. Figurative: the part of the body which is struck (by a stick).

Matched after stripping common prefixes

שָׁכַם

verb • Root שכם • Consonantal / Low • Page 1422

(Kal not used) To bend, to incline oneself, in the neck and back; to be bent, bowed, of a shoulder bearing a burden.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

Conjunction, Noun proper name masculine

LXX: συχεμ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7928:

συχεμ 3× (76.1%)

ולקחי וְלִקְחי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

לקחי

Liqchîy

Definition

Likchi, an Israelite

Root

from H3947 (לקח); learned;

Exhaustive

from לקח; learned; Likchi, an Israelite; Likhi.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3949

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לִקְחִי

proper name • Root לקח • Strongs / High • Page 792

A proper name.

לִקְחִי

noun proper masculine • Root לקח • Strongs / High • Page 793

Jah is doctrine. A proper name.

Conjunction, Noun proper name masculine

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H3949:

No stats available

ואניעםפ וַאֲנִיעָם׃פ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אניעם

ʼĂnîyʻâm

Definition

Aniam, an Israelite

Root

from H578 (אנה) and H5971 (עם); groaning of (the) people;

Exhaustive

from אנה and עם; groaning of (the) people; Aniam, an Israelite; Aniam.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H593

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֲנִיעָם

noun proper masculine • Root אני • Strongs_Numbers • Page 163

lamentation or sorrow of the people; a proper name

Conjunction, Noun proper name masculine

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0593:

No stats available

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And the sons of Shemida will be Ahian, and Shechem, and Likhi, and Aniam.

LITV Translation:
And the sons of Shemida: Ahian, and Shechem, and Likhi, and Aniam.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And the sons of Shemida were, Ahian, and Shechem, and Likhi, and Aniam.