1 Chronicles 5:16

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

וישבו וַיֵּשְׁבוּ

and they are turning back

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ישב

yâshab

Definition

properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry; (make to) abide(-ing), continue, (cause to, make to) dwell(-ing), ease self, endure, establish, [idiom] fail, habitation, haunt, (make to) inhabit(-ant), make to keep (house), lurking, [idiom] marry(-ing), (bring again to) place, remain, return, seat, set(-tle), (down-) sit(-down, still, -ting down, -ting (place) -uate), take, tarry.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3427

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָשַׁב

verb • Root ישב • Strongs / High • Page 656

To sit, remain, dwell. The fundamental meaning is to keep firmly in a place, to hold it firmly, to possess it, and therefore to sit. Piel (יִשֵּׁב): to pitch a dwelling. Hifil (הוֹשִׁיב): to cause to sit, to cause to dwell, to cause to be inhabited. Hophal (הוּשַׁב): to be inhabited, to be made to dwell, to be settled in.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָשַׁב

verb • Root ישב • Page 301

1. To seat one's self, to sit (Ps. 9:8, Ps. 80:2, Is. 37:16). Includes sitting as a judge (Ps. 9:8) or lying in wait (Ps. 10:8). 2. To continue (Gen. 24:55, 29:19, Hos. 3:3). 3. To dwell (Gen. 13:6, Gen. 4:20, Ps. 22:4). 4. Passive: to be inhabited or habitable (Is. 13:20, Jer. 17:6). Niph. נוֹשַׁב to be inhabited (Ex. 16:35).

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person masculine plural

LXX: κατοικοῦντασ κατοικοῦντεσ ἐκάθισεν ἐκάθισαν κατῴκησεν

LXX Usage Statistics

H3427:

κατοικοῦντασ 88× (7.4%)

κατοικοῦντεσ 80× (6.4%)

ἐκάθισεν 61× (5.4%)

ἐκάθισαν 37× (3.4%)

κατῴκησεν 34× (3.1%)

ἐκάθητο 29× (2.8%)

κατῴκησαν 28× (2.6%)

κατῴκει 24× (2.3%)

κατοικοῦσιν 23× (2.0%)

κατοικεῖν 23× (2.2%)

בגלעד בַּגִּלְעָד

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

גלעד

Gilʻâd

Definition

Gilad, a region East of the Jordan; also the name of three Israelites

Root

probably from H1567 (גלעד);

Exhaustive

probably from גלעד; Gilad, a region East of the Jordan; also the name of three Israelites; Gilead, Gileadite.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1568

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גִּלְעֵד

noun proper masculine • Root גלע • Consonantal / Medium • Page 329

strong, powerful. 1. (designation of a person) A proper name, found especially in the tribes of Manasseh and Gad. 2. (designation of a place, rocky mountain) Known as Gilead-mountain (הַר הַגִּלְעָד), a limestone mountain range east of the Jordan River.

Matched via consonantal key only

גַּלְעֵד

noun proper • Root גלעד • Consonantal / Medium • Page 330

Same as גִּלְעָד, of which it may have been a collateral form. Scripture provides a historical origin in Genesis 31:41.

Matched via consonantal key only

גִּלְעָד

noun proper • Root גלעד • Consonantal / Medium • Page 330

A region east of the Jordan, encompassing the district of the tribes Reuben, Gad, and half Manasseh, as well as Bashan. It is also used more specifically for the territory of Reuben, Gad, or both.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

גִּלְעָד

proper name • Root גלעד • Page 142

1. A son of Machir and grandson of Manasseh (Num. 26: 29). 2. A mountain (Gen. 31: 23) and province beyond Jordan; in a restricted sense, the country south of Bashan and Argob. 3. A city in the abovementioned province (Hos. 6: 8).

Preposition -Within Art, Noun proper name

LXX: γαλααδ ραμωθ ρεμμαθ γαλααδίτιδοσ ιαβισ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1568:

γαλααδ 110× (65.9%)

ραμωθ 8× (4.9%)

ρεμμαθ 7× (4.2%)

γαλααδίτιδοσ 7× (3.3%)

ιαβισ 6× (4.0%)

γαλααδίτησ 5× (2.8%)

γαλααδίτου 4× (2.2%)

γαλααδῖτιν 4× (2.0%)

pεἰσ 3× (2.0%)

t? 3× (1.2%)

בבשן בַּבָּשָׁן

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

בשן

Bâshân

Definition

Bashan (often with the article), a region East of the Jordan

Root

of uncertain derivation;

Exhaustive

of uncertain derivation; Bashan (often with the article), a region East of the Jordan; Bashan.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1316

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בָּשָׁן

verb • Strongs / High • Page 284

Intr. to be hard, rocky, spoken of basaltic ground; to be fruitful.

בָּשָׁן

noun proper • Root בשן • Strongs / High • Page 284

(Basalt-land) 1) Name of a mountainous, fruitful country on the other side of Jordan, celebrated for its oak-forests and fat pastures. 2) Name of a city in Bashan.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בָּשָׁן

proper name • Page 119

A country beyond Jordan, between the rivers Jabbok and Arnon, celebrated for its pastures, whence the mention of the bulls and rams of Bashan.

Preposition -Within Art, Noun proper name

LXX: βασαν βασανίτιδι βασανίτιδοσ πῖον βασανῖτιν

LXX Usage Statistics

H1316:

βασαν 39× (66.1%)

βασανίτιδι 7× (9.9%)

βασανίτιδοσ 3× (4.9%)

πῖον 2× (4.1%)

βασανῖτιν 2× (3.5%)

ובבנתיה וּבִבְנֹתֶיהָ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

בת

bath

Definition

a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)

Root

from H1129 (בנה) (as feminine of H1121 (בן));

Exhaustive

from בנה (as feminine of בן); a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively); apple (of the eye), branch, company, daughter, [idiom] first, [idiom] old, [phrase] owl, town, village.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1323

ה

Definition

her, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person feminine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person feminine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9024

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בַּת

noun feminine • Root בנן • Strongs / High • Page 929

Daughter. Example of a word where Nun is absorbed, from an older form בַּנְתְּ.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בַּת

noun feminine • Root בן • Page 120

1. daughter; freq. 2. granddaughter, female descendant. Gen. 36:2. also used with names of cities to denote female inhabitants. 3. poetic personification of cities and countries (e.g. daughter of Tyre, daughter of Babylon). Is. 47:1, 5. Jer. 46:11. 4. daughters of a city, i. e. small villages under its jurisdiction. Num. 21:25, 32. 5. various idiomatic phrases: daughter of ninety years (ninety years old), a wicked or vile woman, daughters of song (singing birds), daughter of the eye (apple of the eye).

בַּת

noun masculine • Page 120

a bath, a measure for liquids, containing the tenth part of a homer. 1 K. 7:26, 38. Ezek. 45:10.

בַּת

chald. • Page 120

i. q. Heb. בַּת a bath. Ezra 7:22.

Conjunction, Preposition, Noun common feminine plural construct, Suffix pronominal third person feminine singular

LXX: θυγατέρεσ θυγάτηρ θυγατέρασ θυγατέρα θυγατέρων

LXX Usage Statistics

H1323:

θυγατέρεσ 90× (14.6%)

θυγάτηρ 89× (15.5%)

θυγατέρασ 82× (12.3%)

θυγατέρα 65× (10.8%)

θυγατέρων 54× (8.0%)

αὐτῆσ 47× (4.9%)

θυγατρὸσ 35× (6.0%)

θύγατερ 30× (5.6%)

θυγατρὶ 18× (3.0%)

'' 16× (2.5%)

ובכל וּבְכָל־

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כל

kôl

Definition

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

Root

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from H3634 (כלל);

Exhaustive

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from כלל; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense); (in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3605

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כֹּל

noun / masculine • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 695

Properly 'all, whole, totality'. 1. Used adjectivally to mean 'all' or 'the whole of', as in 'all the earth'. 2. Describes a plurality of individual persons or things, translated as 'all'.

כֹּל

substantive / adverb • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 696

A substantive meaning all, the whole, every, any. When used with a negative, it means none at all. It can also function as an adverb meaning wholly or altogether.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כֹּל

chald. • Page 316

Same as Hebrew (all, every). Often appears with Makkeph as -כֹּל. References: Dan. 2:40, 4:9, 18, 25.

כֹּל

m. verbal • Root כלל • Page 315

A substantive meaning 'all', 'the whole', or 'totality'. Frequently used as an adjective (Jer. 33:8). 1. all. 2. every one.

Conjunction, Preposition, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: πάντα πᾶσ πάντεσ πᾶν πάντασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3605:

πάντα 921× (17.0%)

πᾶσ 451× (8.4%)

πάντεσ 441× (8.4%)

πᾶν 351× (6.5%)

πάντασ 297× (5.6%)

πᾶσαν 267× (4.9%)

πάντων 242× (4.4%)

πάσασ 230× (4.4%)

--- 227× (4.5%)

πᾶσα 214× (4.0%)

מגרשי מִגְרְשֵׁי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מגרש

migrâsh

Definition

a suburb (i.e. open country whither flocks are driven from pasture); hence, the area around abuilding, or the margin of the sea

Root

also (in plural) feminine (Ezekiel 27:28) מגרשה; from H1644 (גרש);

Exhaustive

also (in plural) feminine (Ezekiel 27:28) מגרשה; from גרש; a suburb (i.e. open country whither flocks are driven from pasture); hence, the area around abuilding, or the margin of the sea; cast out, suburb.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4054

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מִגְרָשׁ

noun masculine • Root גרש • Strongs / High • Page 809

1. What belongs to a possession generally, what is gained; spec. the precincts of a city set apart for pasture. 2. An open place, e.g. around the sanctuary. 3. Same as גֶּרֶשׁ, produce, fruit.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִגְרָשׁ

m. dec. ii. b. • Root גרש • Page 355

1. Aramean infin. of גָּרַשׁ. 2. A pasture, vacant place, or the suburbs of the Levitical cities for pasturing cattle. Num. 35:2, Ezek. 45:2.

Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX: περισπόρια αὐτῆσ ἀφωρισμένα διάστημα προάστεια

LXX Usage Statistics

H4054:

περισπόρια 54× (36.8%)

αὐτῆσ 47× (25.3%)

ἀφωρισμένα 38× (26.0%)

διάστημα 3× (2.6%)

προάστεια 2× (1.4%)

שרון שָׁרוֹן

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שרון

Shârôwn

Definition

plain, Sharon, the name of a place in Palestine

Root

probably abridged from H3474 (ישר);

Exhaustive

probably abridged from ישר; plain, Sharon, the name of a place in Palestine; Lasharon, Sharon.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8289

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁרוֹן

noun masculine • Root ישר • Strongs / High • Page 1482

A plain, a flat area (Is. 65, 10). Commonly a proper name of the celebrated coastal plain in Palestine (Song of Sol. 2, 1). Also the name of a city/hamlet located within this plain (Josh. 12, 18).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שָׁרוֹן

proper name • Page 700

A level district in Palestine, extending from Joppa to Caesarea, abounding in fruitful fields and rich pastures. Ref: Josh. 12:18; Cant. 2:1; Is. 33:9; 35:2; 65:10; 1 Chr. 27:29.

Noun proper name

LXX: σαρων

LXX Usage Statistics

H8289:

σαρων 3× (40.6%)

על עַל־

upon/against/yoke

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

על

ʻal

Definition

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Root

properly, the same as H5920 (על) used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as על used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications; above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5921

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַל

adjective / noun • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

Highest; same as עֶלְיוֹן. This form is abridged from עָלָה and derived from עָלַי (like יַד from יָדָה I.), serving as the construct form עֲלֵי (out of עֲלַאי).

עַל

preposition / adverb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

A preposition: upon, over, above, super, in the widest sense. It expresses protecting, covering, resting above upon (answering to 'where'); motion toward the upper surface (answering to 'whither?'); local direction to a more distant agency; or proximity/timing ('with, at'). Used figuratively as dat. commodi and incommodi, meaning a burden or duty upon one, or with certain verbs replacing the dative case. Also expresses motion down upon or up to, sometimes interchanging with אֶל.

עַל

preposition / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 1089

Preposition or Adverb meaning upon, over, at, above (denoting physical overtopping or mental superiority/dominion); expressing addition (to, reckoned to); proximity (by, around); suitability (according to); or occasionally used concessively (though, quanquam).

עַל

preposition / particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Properly, over, upon, concerning, notwithstanding, against, towards, for the sake of, on account of. Used to express position, antithesis, or distance (away from). After certain verbs, signifies giving way, removing, or fleeing. Also forms various compound particles (e.g., עַל-מָה, עַל-כֵּן, עַל אֲשֶׁר).

עַל

preposition (aramaic) • Root אלא • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew עַל. Means: Upon, over, on account of, unto, against, or dative. (Used with suffixes like עָלַי, עָלֵךְ, עֲלֵיהוֹן).

עַל

noun / prepos. • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה, listed as a noun and a preposition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַל

substantive / adverb / adjective • Root עלה • Page 507

Strictly a substantive meaning whatever is high or uppermost (Hos. 7:16, 11:7). Used as an adverb: (1.) 'above' (Gen. 27:39, 49:25; Ps. 50:4). Used as an adjective: (2.) 'high' (2 Sam. 23:1).

Preposition

LXX: ἐπὶ ἐπ' ἐφ' τοῦτο ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5921a:

ἐπὶ 1722× (33.1%)

ἐπ' 701× (13.4%)

ἐφ' 195× (3.7%)

τοῦτο 116× (1.9%)

'' 116× (1.9%)

περὶ 113× (2.2%)

ἀπὸ 108× (2.1%)

--- 108× (2.1%)

αὐτοὺσ 95× (1.6%)

εἰσ 93× (1.8%)

תוצאותם תּוֹצְאוֹתָם׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

תוצאה

tôwtsâʼâh

Definition

(only in plural collective) exit, i.e. (geographical) boundary, or (figuratively) deliverance, (actively) source

Root

or תצאה; from H3318 (יצא);

Exhaustive

or תצאה; from יצא; (only in plural collective) exit, i.e. (geographical) boundary, or (figuratively) deliverance, (actively) source; border(-s), going(-s) forth (out), issues, outgoings.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8444

הם

Definition

their, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9028

Noun common feminine plural construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine plural

LXX: διέξοδοσ διέξοδοι

LXX Usage Statistics

H8444:

διέξοδοσ 17× (69.5%)

διέξοδοι 2× (9.3%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And they dwelt in Gilead in Bashan, and in her daughters, and in all the areas of Sharon, upon their goings forth.

LITV Translation:
And they lived in Gilead in Bashan, and in her towns, and in all the open lands of Sharon, on their borders.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
They dwelt in Gilead, in Bashan, and in their villages, and in all the country round about Sharon to the border.