1 Chronicles 29:6

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ויתנדבו וַיִּתְנַדְּבוּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

נדב

nâdab

Definition

to impel; hence, to volunteer (as a soldier), to present spontaneously

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to impel; hence, to volunteer (as a soldier), to present spontaneously; offer freely, be (give, make, offer self) willing(-ly).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5068

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָדַב

verb • Root נדב • Strongs / High • Page 945

Transitive verb. To impel, to incite, to a thing, to urge.

נָדַב

verb • Root נדב • Strongs / High • Page 946

To act willingly, freely, spontaneously; to be noble, willing, liberal. This is the root idea from which derivatives are formed.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָדַב

verb • Page 427

to drive on, to excite to any thing. Only in the phrase Ex. 25:2 every one whom his heart urges on, i. e. who acts voluntarily. 35:21, 29. Hithpa. 1. to excite one's self, to show one's self willing, to act voluntarily. Neh. 11:2. Particularly in reference to military service, Judg. 5:2, 9. Ps. 110:3. 2. to give freely, willingly, to bring a voluntary gift. 1 Chr. 29:9, 14, 17. Ezra 1:6. 2:68. 3:5. 3. to serve voluntarily. 2 Chr. 17:16. Deriv. נָדִיב.

conjunctive, Verb Hithpael sequential imperfect third person masculine plural

LXX: προεθυμήθησαν προθυμούμενοσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5068:

προεθυμήθησαν 2× (9.9%)

προθυμούμενοσ 2× (9.1%)

שרי שָׂרֵי

princes

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שר

sar

Definition

a head person (of any rank or class)

Root

from H8323 (שרר);

Exhaustive

from שרר; a head person (of any rank or class); captain (that had rule), chief (captain), general, governor, keeper, lord,(-task-)master, prince(-ipal), ruler, steward.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8269

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁר

noun • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1416

A singer (concrete term in modern Hebrew).

שֹׁר

noun masculine • Root שרר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1480

A nerve, sinew; hence the navel-cord. Being a physiologically important part of the body, it stands for the whole body. Maltese sarra (bosom, pudenda).

שַׂר

noun masculine • Root שרר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1479

A ruler, prefect, master, chief, principal or most distinguished person in a country; general (leader of an army); captain; generally courtiers; guardian-angel or high spiritual being; distinguished priest.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שַׂר

m. dec. viii. k. • Root שרר • Page 643

1. a captain, commander, chief; e. g. of the body-guard, Gen. 37: 36. of the cup-bearers, 40: 9. 2. a chief, prince, courtier. Gen. 12: 15. 3. according to theological views of later Jews, an archangel. Dan. 10: 13, 20.

שֹׁר

noun masculine • Root שרר • Page 699

1. prob. a nerve, sinew, muscle. (Comp. שָׁרִיר and the Chald. שְׁרִיר firm.) Collect. Prov. 3: 8 healing shall it be to thy sinews or muscles. 2. the navel, strictly the navel-string. Ezek. 16: 4. Job 40: 16.

שָׂרַי

proper name • Page 644

Sarai, the proper name of the wife of Abraham. This name was changed to שָׂרָה (Gen. 17:15) probably meaning princess.

Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX: ἄρχοντεσ ἄρχοντασ ἀρχόντων ἄρχων ἄρχοντα

LXX Usage Statistics

H8269:

ἄρχοντεσ 94× (21.5%)

ἄρχοντασ 52× (12.0%)

ἀρχόντων 31× (7.1%)

ἄρχων 28× (6.9%)

ἄρχοντα 13× (3.2%)

ἑκατοντάρχουσ 10× (2.3%)

ἀρχιστράτηγοσ 10× (2.5%)

αὐτῆσ 9× (1.7%)

ἄρχουσιν 9× (2.0%)

ἡγεμόνεσ 9× (2.2%)

האבות הָאָב֜וֹת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אב

ʼâb

Definition

father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application

Root

a primitive word;

Exhaustive

a primitive word; father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application; chief, (fore-) father(-less), [idiom] patrimony, principal. Compare names in 'Abi-'.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָב

noun masculine • Root אבה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 43

Father; benefactor, care-taker, supporter; spiritual benefactor (teacher, instructor, counsellor); chief adviser, Visier; lord, possessor, holder (figuratively in compounds); founder of a domestic society or race; spiritual begetter, i.e. Creator, God.

אָב

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 44

God, as the creator, benefactor, care-taker, ruler; frequently used in compound proper names denoting God.

אָב

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 254

Father (used here as master/teacher)

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָב

m. prim. irreg. • Page 16

1. father, properly so called; freq. 2. grandfather, forefather, ancestor (Gen. 28: 13, 1 K. 15: 11, 1 Chr. 2: 45, Gen. 4: 20, 21). 3. maker, creator (Job 38: 28). In this sense, applied to Jehovah (Is. 63: 16, 64: 7). 4. benefactor, guardian (Job 29: 16, Ps. 68: 6). Applied to the expected Messiah as אֲבִי עַד 'the eternal father of his people' (Is. 9: 5). 5. a title of respect for prophets and priests, even from kings (2 K. 6: 21, 13: 14, Judg. 17: 10). 6. 'father of the king', an oriental expression to designate a vizier or prime minister (Gen. 45: 8).

אָב

noun masculine • Page 17

Father. Beyond the literal sense, it is used for a counsellor or teacher (Gen. 41:43) and figuratively for the grave (Job 17:14). It appears in compound proper names (e.g., Abraham, Abigail) and includes the Chaldee form (Dan. 2:23).

אָב

noun masculine • Root אבה • Page 17

Wish, desire. Core biblical reference: Job 34:36.

Particle definite article, Noun common feminine plural absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0001:

No stats available

ושרי׀ וְשָׂרֵי׀

and princes

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שר

sar

Definition

a head person (of any rank or class)

Root

from H8323 (שרר);

Exhaustive

from שרר; a head person (of any rank or class); captain (that had rule), chief (captain), general, governor, keeper, lord,(-task-)master, prince(-ipal), ruler, steward.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8269

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁר

noun • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1416

A singer (concrete term in modern Hebrew).

שֹׁר

noun masculine • Root שרר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1480

A nerve, sinew; hence the navel-cord. Being a physiologically important part of the body, it stands for the whole body. Maltese sarra (bosom, pudenda).

שַׂר

noun masculine • Root שרר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1479

A ruler, prefect, master, chief, principal or most distinguished person in a country; general (leader of an army); captain; generally courtiers; guardian-angel or high spiritual being; distinguished priest.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שַׂר

m. dec. viii. k. • Root שרר • Page 643

1. a captain, commander, chief; e. g. of the body-guard, Gen. 37: 36. of the cup-bearers, 40: 9. 2. a chief, prince, courtier. Gen. 12: 15. 3. according to theological views of later Jews, an archangel. Dan. 10: 13, 20.

שֹׁר

noun masculine • Root שרר • Page 699

1. prob. a nerve, sinew, muscle. (Comp. שָׁרִיר and the Chald. שְׁרִיר firm.) Collect. Prov. 3: 8 healing shall it be to thy sinews or muscles. 2. the navel, strictly the navel-string. Ezek. 16: 4. Job 40: 16.

שָׂרַי

proper name • Page 644

Sarai, the proper name of the wife of Abraham. This name was changed to שָׂרָה (Gen. 17:15) probably meaning princess.

Conjunction, Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX: ἄρχοντεσ ἄρχοντασ ἀρχόντων ἄρχων ἄρχοντα

LXX Usage Statistics

H8269:

ἄρχοντεσ 94× (21.5%)

ἄρχοντασ 52× (12.0%)

ἀρχόντων 31× (7.1%)

ἄρχων 28× (6.9%)

ἄρχοντα 13× (3.2%)

ἑκατοντάρχουσ 10× (2.3%)

ἀρχιστράτηγοσ 10× (2.5%)

αὐτῆσ 9× (1.7%)

ἄρχουσιν 9× (2.0%)

ἡγεμόνεσ 9× (2.2%)

שבטי שִׁבְטֵי

rods/tribes

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שבט

shêbeṭ

Definition

a scion, i.e. (literally) a stick (for punishing, writing, fighting, ruling, walking, etc.) or (figuratively) a clan

Root

from an unused root probably meaning to branch off;

Exhaustive

from an unused root probably meaning to branch off; a scion, i.e. (literally) a stick (for punishing, writing, fighting, ruling, walking, etc.) or (figuratively) a clan; [idiom] correction, dart, rod, sceptre, staff, tribe.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7626

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שֵׁבֶט

unknown • Strongs / High • Page 1363

Example used in comparison of sibilants.

שֵׁבֶט

noun masculine • Root שבט • Strongs / High • Page 1372

1. A stick, for striking and chastising (rod of oppression, staff, shepherd's crook, sceptre); also denotes shepherds/rulers. 2. Fig. a tribe, a stem, applied particularly to the twelve Jewish tribes. 3. A comet.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שֵׁבֶט

noun masculine • Page 651

The rod or scourge of his mouth; 2. the staff of a ruler, a sceptre (Gen. 49: 10, Num. 24: 17); 3. a measuring staff or rod; a portion of land, a lot, inheritance (Ps. 74: 2, Jer. 10: 16); 4. a spear, javelin (2 Sam. 18: 14); 5. a tribe, spoken of the tribes of Israel (Ex. 28: 21, Judg. 20: 2).

שֵׁבֶט

chald. n. • Root שבט • Page 651

A tribe, i. q. Heb. שֵׁבֶט no. 5. Ezra 6: 17.

שֵׁבֶט and שֶׁבֶט

com. gen. • Page 650

1. a stick, staff, rod. Lev. 27: 32; Ps. 2: 9. Particularly for chastisement, (Prov. 10: 13. 13: 24. 22: 8.) hence a rod of correction, Job 9: 34. Is. 10: 5, 11: 4.

Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX: φυλῆσ φυλῶν ῥάβδῳ φυλαῖσ φυλὰσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7626:

φυλῆσ 29× (15.9%)

φυλῶν 26× (13.6%)

ῥάβδῳ 13× (6.5%)

φυλαῖσ 12× (6.0%)

φυλὰσ 11× (5.4%)

φυλὴν 9× (4.6%)

φυλὴ 9× (4.9%)

φυλάσ 7× (3.6%)

ῥάβδον 6× (3.0%)

ῥάβδοσ 6× (3.1%)

ישראל יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל

God-Contends

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ישראל

Yisrâʼêl

Definition

Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

Root

from H8280 (שרה) and H410 (אל); he will rule as God;

Exhaustive

from שרה and אל; he will rule as God; Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity; Israel.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3478

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יִשְׂרָאֵל

noun proper masculine • Root שרה • Strongs / High • Page 662

A proper name with multiple meanings: the patriarch Jacob; the Israelite people; an honorary title for the pious; the northern kingdom of Israel; the whole kingdom after the exile.

יִשְׂרָאֵל

noun proper masculine • Root ישר • Strongs / High • Page 662

A proper name, meaning 'El is a true, honest one.' Described as a ground-form to יְשַׂרְאֵלָה.

Noun proper name

LXX: ισραηλ '' --- ιακωβ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3478:

ισραηλ 2245× (92.9%)

'' 57× (2.1%)

--- 50× (2.2%)

ισραηλ 8× (0.3%)

ιακωβ 4× (0.2%)

t? 4× (0.1%)

ιερουσαλημ 4× (0.2%)

[b] 3× (0.1%)

ισραηλίτου 3× (0.1%)

ισραηλίτιδοσ 3× (0.1%)

ושרי וְשָׂרֵי

and princes

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שר

sar

Definition

a head person (of any rank or class)

Root

from H8323 (שרר);

Exhaustive

from שרר; a head person (of any rank or class); captain (that had rule), chief (captain), general, governor, keeper, lord,(-task-)master, prince(-ipal), ruler, steward.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8269

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁר

noun • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1416

A singer (concrete term in modern Hebrew).

שֹׁר

noun masculine • Root שרר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1480

A nerve, sinew; hence the navel-cord. Being a physiologically important part of the body, it stands for the whole body. Maltese sarra (bosom, pudenda).

שַׂר

noun masculine • Root שרר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1479

A ruler, prefect, master, chief, principal or most distinguished person in a country; general (leader of an army); captain; generally courtiers; guardian-angel or high spiritual being; distinguished priest.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שַׂר

m. dec. viii. k. • Root שרר • Page 643

1. a captain, commander, chief; e. g. of the body-guard, Gen. 37: 36. of the cup-bearers, 40: 9. 2. a chief, prince, courtier. Gen. 12: 15. 3. according to theological views of later Jews, an archangel. Dan. 10: 13, 20.

שֹׁר

noun masculine • Root שרר • Page 699

1. prob. a nerve, sinew, muscle. (Comp. שָׁרִיר and the Chald. שְׁרִיר firm.) Collect. Prov. 3: 8 healing shall it be to thy sinews or muscles. 2. the navel, strictly the navel-string. Ezek. 16: 4. Job 40: 16.

שָׂרַי

proper name • Page 644

Sarai, the proper name of the wife of Abraham. This name was changed to שָׂרָה (Gen. 17:15) probably meaning princess.

Conjunction, Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX: ἄρχοντεσ ἄρχοντασ ἀρχόντων ἄρχων ἄρχοντα

LXX Usage Statistics

H8269:

ἄρχοντεσ 94× (21.5%)

ἄρχοντασ 52× (12.0%)

ἀρχόντων 31× (7.1%)

ἄρχων 28× (6.9%)

ἄρχοντα 13× (3.2%)

ἑκατοντάρχουσ 10× (2.3%)

ἀρχιστράτηγοσ 10× (2.5%)

αὐτῆσ 9× (1.7%)

ἄρχουσιν 9× (2.0%)

ἡγεμόνεσ 9× (2.2%)

האלפים הָאֲלָפִים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אלף

ʼeleph

Definition

hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousand

Root

prop, the same as H504 (אלף);

Exhaustive

prop, the same as אלף; hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousand; thousand.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H505

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֶלֶף

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 143

Oxen, heifers, cattle for the yoke; tame house-animals; the name of the first letter of the alphabet.

אֶלֶף

numeral / noun masculine • Root אלף • Strongs_Numbers • Page 144

As a numeral, a thousand; properly the union of many individuals, a mass; then fixed to a definite number.

אֶלֶף

noun masculine • Root אלף • Strongs_Numbers • Page 144

Properly a union of family members, therefore association of the members of a family or tribe, larger communities into which every race was divided; a smaller division of a tribe or race.

אֶלֶף

noun proper • Root אלף • Strongs_Numbers • Page 144

A city in Benjamin's territory (Josh. 18, 28).

אֶלֶף

unknown • Strongs_Numbers • Page 145

see אַלּוּף

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶלֶף

masc. epicene / dec. vi. b. • Root אלף • Page 54

I. ox, animal of the ox kind. Deut. 7: 13. 28: 4. Ps. 8: 8. Perhaps denoting literally tame cattle.

אֶלֶף

m. prim. dec. vi. b. • Page 54

II. 1. thousand. Dual אַלְפַּיִם. Plur. אֲלָפִים. 2. family, subdivision of a tribe, originally of a thousand, i. q. מִשְׁפָּחָה. Judg. 6: 15. 1 Sam. 10: 19. 23: 23.

Particle definite article, Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0505:

No stats available

והמאות וְהַמֵּאוֹת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מאה

mêʼâh

Definition

a hundred; also as a multiplicative and a fraction

Root

or מאיה; properly, a primitive numeral

Exhaustive

or מאיה; properly, a primitive numeral; a hundred; also as a multiplicative and a fraction; hundred((-fold), -th), [phrase] sixscore.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3967

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מֵאָה

f. noun • Root מאה • Strongs / High • Page 798

A multitude, a heap; then a hundred, either as a large round sum or a definite number. Its dual form מָאתַיִם means two hundred, and its plural מֵאוֹת means hundreds.

מֵאָה

numeral noun / f. • Strongs / High • Page 799

A hundred; a hundred-fold; the hundredth. Also used to denote extent or greatness, as in מִגְדַּל הַמֵּאָה (tower of extent, giant-tower).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מֵאָה

f. const. מְאַת / dec. xi. b. • Page 351

a hundred. Includes various forms like dual מָאתַיִם and plur. מֵאוֹות. (Gen. 17:17, 25:7; Prov. 17:10; Ecc. 8:12). Also prob. interest, usury (Neh. 5:11). Also proper name of a tower in Jerusalem (Neh. 3:1, 12:39).

Conjunction, Particle definite article, Noun common feminine plural absolute

LXX: ἑκατὸν εἴκοσι πεντήκοντα τριάκοντα διακόσιοι

LXX Usage Statistics

H3967:

ἑκατὸν 146× (18.2%)

εἴκοσι 46× (5.0%)

πεντήκοντα 44× (4.5%)

τριάκοντα 39× (4.3%)

διακόσιοι 38× (4.8%)

ἑξακόσιοι 33× (4.1%)

πέντε 25× (2.1%)

ἑπτακόσιοι 23× (2.8%)

δύο 22× (1.9%)

τριακόσιοι 21× (2.7%)

ולשרי וּלְשָׂרֵי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שר

sar

Definition

a head person (of any rank or class)

Root

from H8323 (שרר);

Exhaustive

from שרר; a head person (of any rank or class); captain (that had rule), chief (captain), general, governor, keeper, lord,(-task-)master, prince(-ipal), ruler, steward.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8269

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁר

noun • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1416

A singer (concrete term in modern Hebrew).

שֹׁר

noun masculine • Root שרר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1480

A nerve, sinew; hence the navel-cord. Being a physiologically important part of the body, it stands for the whole body. Maltese sarra (bosom, pudenda).

שַׂר

noun masculine • Root שרר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1479

A ruler, prefect, master, chief, principal or most distinguished person in a country; general (leader of an army); captain; generally courtiers; guardian-angel or high spiritual being; distinguished priest.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שַׂר

m. dec. viii. k. • Root שרר • Page 643

1. a captain, commander, chief; e. g. of the body-guard, Gen. 37: 36. of the cup-bearers, 40: 9. 2. a chief, prince, courtier. Gen. 12: 15. 3. according to theological views of later Jews, an archangel. Dan. 10: 13, 20.

שֹׁר

noun masculine • Root שרר • Page 699

1. prob. a nerve, sinew, muscle. (Comp. שָׁרִיר and the Chald. שְׁרִיר firm.) Collect. Prov. 3: 8 healing shall it be to thy sinews or muscles. 2. the navel, strictly the navel-string. Ezek. 16: 4. Job 40: 16.

שָׂרַי

proper name • Page 644

Sarai, the proper name of the wife of Abraham. This name was changed to שָׂרָה (Gen. 17:15) probably meaning princess.

Conjunction, Preposition, Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX: ἄρχοντεσ ἄρχοντασ ἀρχόντων ἄρχων ἄρχοντα

LXX Usage Statistics

H8269:

ἄρχοντεσ 94× (21.5%)

ἄρχοντασ 52× (12.0%)

ἀρχόντων 31× (7.1%)

ἄρχων 28× (6.9%)

ἄρχοντα 13× (3.2%)

ἑκατοντάρχουσ 10× (2.3%)

ἀρχιστράτηγοσ 10× (2.5%)

αὐτῆσ 9× (1.7%)

ἄρχουσιν 9× (2.0%)

ἡγεμόνεσ 9× (2.2%)

מלאכת מְלֶאכֶת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מלאכה

mᵉlâʼkâh

Definition

properly, deputyship, i.e. ministry; generally, employment (never servile) or work (abstractly or concretely); also property (as the result of labor)

Root

from the same as H4397 (מלאך);

Exhaustive

from the same as מלאך; properly, deputyship, i.e. ministry; generally, employment (never servile) or work (abstractly or concretely); also property (as the result of labor); business, [phrase] cattle, [phrase] industrious, occupation, ([phrase] -pied), [phrase] officer, thing (made), use, (manner of) work((-man), -manship).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4399

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מְלָאכָה

noun feminine • Root לאך • Strongs / High • Page 854

Service, employment, work, labor, activity; field-work, husbandry; business, commerce; work of an artisan, manufacture; woven work; graving-work; architecture; temple service; a plan or pattern; the work of God, creation; riches gained by labor.

מְלָאכָה

noun feminine • Root מלאך • Strongs / High • Page 853

Work, business, service (derived from מְלָאךְ).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מְלָאכָה

noun feminine • Root לאך • Page 378

1. business. Gen. 39:11. Ex. 20:9, 10. 2. work, labour, of an artificer, mechanic. Lev. 13:48. 1 Chr. 23:4. 2 K. 12:12. 1 K. 5:30. 3. goods, substance, cattle. Ex. 22:7, 10. Gen. 33:14. 1 Sam. 15:9.

Noun common feminine singular construct

LXX: ἔργον ἔργα ἐργασίαν ἔργων ἔργου

LXX Usage Statistics

H4399:

ἔργον 54× (32.7%)

ἔργα 50× (28.0%)

ἐργασίαν 11× (6.6%)

ἔργων 8× (4.4%)

ἔργου 4× (2.3%)

'' 4× (2.2%)

ἔργοισ 4× (1.9%)

ἔργῳ 3× (1.9%)

ἐργασία 3× (1.5%)

βασιλείᾳ 2× (1.0%)

המלך הַמֶּלֶךְ׃

the King

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מלך

melek

Definition

a king

Root

from H4427 (מלך);

Exhaustive

from מלך; a king; king, royal.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4428

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מֶלֶךְ

masculine noun • Root מלך • Strongs / High • Page 859

A king, ruler; properly an abstract concept of rule or government, but commonly used concretely. It can refer to a king of a land, city, people, or tribe. The term is also applied to Jehovah, idols, and animals distinguished for strength. It can also mean an adviser or counsellor, and is used as a proper name.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מֶלֶךְ

noun masculine • Page 380

a king. Ezek. 26: 7. 'the king of kings,' a title of the king of Babylon. Spoken frequently of Jehovah, Ps. 5: 3, and of false gods, Am. 5: 26.

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: βασιλεὺσ βασιλέωσ βασιλέα βασιλεῖ βασιλεῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4428:

βασιλεὺσ 631× (23.4%)

βασιλέωσ 546× (20.5%)

βασιλέα 419× (15.7%)

βασιλεῖ 196× (7.1%)

βασιλεῖσ 133× (4.9%)

βασιλεύσ 100× (3.5%)

--- 77× (3.2%)

'' 66× (2.3%)

βασιλέων 63× (2.4%)

βασιλεῦσιν 46× (1.6%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And the chiefs of the fathers will show themselves willing, and the chiefs of the tribes of Israel, and the chiefs of thousands and of hundreds, and for the chiefs of the king's work,

LITV Translation:
And the chiefs of the fathers, and the chiefs of the tribes of Israel, and the commanders of the thousands, and the hundreds, even the chiefs of the king's work, offered willingly,

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
Then the heads of families, and the princes of the children of Israel, and the captains of thousands and captains of hundreds, and the overseers of the works, and the king’s builders, offered willingly.