1 Chronicles 27:28

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ועל וְעַל־

and upon

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

על

ʻal

Definition

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Root

properly, the same as H5920 (על) used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as על used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications; above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5921

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַל

adjective / noun • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

Highest; same as עֶלְיוֹן. This form is abridged from עָלָה and derived from עָלַי (like יַד from יָדָה I.), serving as the construct form עֲלֵי (out of עֲלַאי).

עַל

preposition / adverb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

A preposition: upon, over, above, super, in the widest sense. It expresses protecting, covering, resting above upon (answering to 'where'); motion toward the upper surface (answering to 'whither?'); local direction to a more distant agency; or proximity/timing ('with, at'). Used figuratively as dat. commodi and incommodi, meaning a burden or duty upon one, or with certain verbs replacing the dative case. Also expresses motion down upon or up to, sometimes interchanging with אֶל.

עַל

preposition / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 1089

Preposition or Adverb meaning upon, over, at, above (denoting physical overtopping or mental superiority/dominion); expressing addition (to, reckoned to); proximity (by, around); suitability (according to); or occasionally used concessively (though, quanquam).

עַל

preposition / particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Properly, over, upon, concerning, notwithstanding, against, towards, for the sake of, on account of. Used to express position, antithesis, or distance (away from). After certain verbs, signifies giving way, removing, or fleeing. Also forms various compound particles (e.g., עַל-מָה, עַל-כֵּן, עַל אֲשֶׁר).

עַל

preposition (aramaic) • Root אלא • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew עַל. Means: Upon, over, on account of, unto, against, or dative. (Used with suffixes like עָלַי, עָלֵךְ, עֲלֵיהוֹן).

עַל

noun / prepos. • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה, listed as a noun and a preposition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַל

substantive / adverb / adjective • Root עלה • Page 507

Strictly a substantive meaning whatever is high or uppermost (Hos. 7:16, 11:7). Used as an adverb: (1.) 'above' (Gen. 27:39, 49:25; Ps. 50:4). Used as an adjective: (2.) 'high' (2 Sam. 23:1).

Conjunction, Preposition

LXX: ἐπὶ ἐπ' ἐφ' τοῦτο ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5921a:

ἐπὶ 1722× (33.1%)

ἐπ' 701× (13.4%)

ἐφ' 195× (3.7%)

τοῦτο 116× (1.9%)

'' 116× (1.9%)

περὶ 113× (2.2%)

ἀπὸ 108× (2.1%)

--- 108× (2.1%)

αὐτοὺσ 95× (1.6%)

εἰσ 93× (1.8%)

הזיתים הַזֵּיתִים

the Olive Trees

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

זית

zayith

Definition

an olive (as yielding illuminating oil), the tree, the branch or the berry

Root

probably from an unused root (akin to H2099 (זו));

Exhaustive

probably from an unused root (akin to זו); an olive (as yielding illuminating oil), the tree, the branch or the berry; olive (tree, -yard), Olivet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2132

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

זַיִת

masculine noun • Strongs / High • Page 431

an olive, as fruit; the olive-tree; an olive branch; olive-oil.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

זַיִת

noun masculine • Page 201

1. Olive tree, Judg. 9: 9. 2. The olive, Hag. 2: 19. 3. An olive branch, Zech. 4: 11.

Particle definite article, Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: ἐλαίασ ἐλαιῶνασ ἐλαιῶν ἐλαία ἐλαίαν

LXX Usage Statistics

H2132:

ἐλαίασ 10× (24.9%)

ἐλαιῶνασ 6× (12.9%)

ἐλαιῶν 5× (11.5%)

ἐλαία 4× (8.9%)

ἐλαίαν 3× (7.8%)

ἐλαῖαι 3× (7.8%)

ὡσ 2× (5.2%)

ἐλαίων 2× (4.4%)

והשקמים וְהַשִּׁקְמִים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שקמה

shiqmâh

Definition

a sycamore (usually the tree)

Root

or (feminine) שקמה; of uncertain derivation;

Exhaustive

or (feminine) שקמה; of uncertain derivation; a sycamore (usually the tree); sycamore (fruit, tree).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8256

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שִׁקְמָה

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1477

a sycamore tree (Ficus Sycomorus), large numbers of which grew from Joppa to Egypt. Its fruit is indigestible and unwholesome, and must be nipped or scratched to bring it to maturity.

Conjunction, Particle definite article, Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: συκαμίνουσ ὡσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H8256:

συκαμίνουσ 4× (40.1%)

ὡσ 3× (37.0%)

אשר אֲשֶׁר

who/which

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אשר

ʼăsher

Definition

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.

Root

a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number);

Exhaustive

a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number); who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.; [idiom] after, [idiom] alike, as (soon as), because, [idiom] every, for, [phrase] forasmuch, [phrase] from whence, [phrase] how(-soever), [idiom] if, (so) that ((thing) which, wherein), [idiom] though, [phrase] until, [phrase] whatsoever, when, where ([phrase] -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, [phrase] whither(-soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun expletively, used to show the connection.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H834

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֲשֶׁר

noun proper • Root אשיר אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Proper name of a city east of Shechem, on the border of Manasseh.

אֲשֶׁר

pronoun relative • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Relative pronoun: who, which; forming the relative in prose.

אֲשֶׁר

relative particle • Lemma_Lookup • Page 205

A relative particle or pronoun (who, which, that). It serves to connect a following clause with a preceding noun or pronoun. It can function as the subject or object within its clause (often supplemented by a pronominal suffix). In the accusative, it acts as a subordinate conjunction expressing relations of place (where, whither), time (when), and manner (as, that). It forms various compound conjunctions with prepositions, such as עַל אֲשֶׁר (wherefore, because), בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר (wherever), and כַּאֲשֶׁר (as).

אֲשֶׁר

pronoun relative / conjunction • Lemma_Lookup • Page 206

Relative pronoun and conjunction: that, which, where, so that, because, in order that. Used to express object and design, clauses relating to time (when), or causal relationships.

אֲשַׁר

verb • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 212

(not used) Aram. equivalent to Hebr אֶתֶר.

אֲשֻׁר

masc. / fem. • Root אשר אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

1. A tree, commonly sherbin-cedar, larch, or box-tree. 2. A step, walk.

אֶשֶׁר

noun masculine • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

Name of a tree; also the proper name of a city.

אֶשֶׁר

noun masculine / noun proper • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

Happy; used as a proper name Asher (son of Jacob and the tribe named after him).

אֶשֶׁר

noun masculine • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Fortune, happiness; hence as an interjection in the construct state: hail! happy!

אָשֵׁר

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

To be connected, united (equivalent to אָסַר).

אָשַׁר

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

To go about, run about; to go, to walk, to step along.

אָשַׁר

verb • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

To be united, by love, marriage, etc.; to be firm, strong, pressed together.

אָשַׁר

verb • Root ישר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

To be straight (even of a way); in a moral sense: to be right, honest, upright; to be prosperous, happy.

אָשַׁר

verb • Root עשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1143

(which see); Ar. the same, hence עָשִׁיר a spouse, an associate. Deriv. אֲשֵׁרָה, עֲשֵׁרָה, עָשִׁירָה.

אָשֻׁר

noun masculine • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Step, walk.

אֹשֶׁר

noun masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Prosperity.

אֻשַּׁר

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

To be led, guided.

אֲשֶׁר אַחֲרֵי־כֵן

adverbial phrase • Lemma_Lookup • Page 708

After that.

אֲשַׂרְאֵל

noun proper masculine • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 206

Proper noun, masculine. ('El is allied). Found in 1 Chr. 4, 16. Equivalent to the Phenician Osiris, an epithet of Ba'al.

אֲשַׂרְאֵלָה

noun proper masculine • Root אשר אלה • Lemma_Lookup • Page 206

Proper noun, masculine. Found in 1 Chr. 25, 2. A variant reading is יְשַׂרְאֵלָה (Jesharelah).

אֲשֵׁרָה

noun feminine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 206

Name of a Phenician goddess, sometimes identified with the Sidonian Astarte; also refers to the wooden image/pillar of the goddess standing beside the altar of Ba'al.

אָשֵׁרִי

adjective • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Gentile of Asher; Asherite.

אֲשְׂרִיאֵל

noun proper masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 207

Proper name of a man (Num. 26:31; Josh. 17:2).

אֲשֵׁרִים

noun masculine plural • Lemma_Lookup • Page 207

Male images of Baal, of wood, symbolising Baal as a generating power, and distinct from images of Ashera.

אֻשַּׁרְנָא

noun masculine (aramaic) • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 207

A wall (Ezr. 5:3), properly a firm thing. Formed from אָשַׁר with the termination na.

אֲשֶׁר עַל־הַבַּיִת

phrase • Lemma_Lookup • Page 238

head of the palace, minister of the court

אֶת־אֲשֶׁר

relative phrase • Lemma_Lookup • Page 87

the person whom or the thing which

כַּאֲשֶׁר

conjunction • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 669

as, when, according as, since.

תְּלַאשַּׂר

unknown • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1515

see תְּלָאשֶׁר.

תְּלָאשָׂר

noun proper • Root תל אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1513

(as also תְּלַשַּׁר Is. 37, 12, also in mss. תְּלַסַּר) n. p. of a Mesopotamian province and city, inhabited by the בְּנֵי עֶדֶן, and formerly subject to Assyria Is. 37, 12; 2 Kings 19, 12. The word has arisen from תֵּל and אָשָׁר = אָשׂוּר.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֲשֶׁר

pronoun relative • Page 79

Relative pronoun: who, which, that. Used for both genders and numbers. Often acts as a sign of relation for other pronouns and adverbs (e.g., אֲשֶׁר-שָׁם 'where', אֲשֶׁר-מִשָּׁם 'whence').

אֲשֶׁר

adv. or conjunction • Page 80

Used as an adverb or conjunction; signifies (1.) *that, to the end that, ut*; (2.) *that, how that, quod*; (3.) *because*; (4.) *if*; (5.) *for*; (6.) *when*; (7.) *as*; (8.) *where*. References include Gen. 11:7, Deut. 4:40, Ex. 11:7, Jos. 2:10, 1 Sam. 24:19, 1 K. 8:33, Lev. 4:22, Jer. 33:22, Num. 20:13.

אֶשֶׁר

noun • Page 79

Happiness, prosperity; found only in the plural construct אַשְׁרֵי (the happinesses of). (Ps. 1:1, 2:12, 32:1, 33:12; Prov. 3:13, 8:34; Deut. 33:29).

אֶשֶׁר

noun masculine • Root אשר • Page 80

*Prosperity*. Reference: Gen. 30:13.

אָשֵׁר

m. proper name • Page 79

1. A son of Jacob, progenitor of one of the tribes of Israel. 2. A city not far from Shechem (Josh. 17:7).

אָשַׁר

verb • Root ישר • Page 79

1. To go straight, proceed (Prov. 9:6). 2. To be right, suitable, successful, or prosperous (Hab. 2:4). Pi.: To lead or guide straight (Prov. 23:19; Is. 1:17). Pu.: To be guided or pronounced happy (Ps. 41:3; Prov. 3:18).

Conjunction

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0834a:

No stats available

בשפלה בַּשְּׁפֵלָה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שפלה

shᵉphêlâh

Definition

Lowland, i.e. (with the article) the maritime slope of Palestine

Root

from H8213 (שפל);

Exhaustive

from שפל; Lowland, i.e. (with the article) the maritime slope of Palestine; low country, (low) plain, vale(-ley).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8219

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שְׁפֵלָה

adjective / noun feminine • Root שפל • Strongs / High • Page 1471

adj. m. and fem. low; fig. insignificant; subst. something low; often describing a humble spirit (רוּחַ).

שְׁפֵלָה

noun feminine • Root שפל • Strongs / High • Page 1471

fem. depression, plain or sunk country (geographic term); commonly referring to the particular plain stretching from Jaffa to Gaza.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בְּ

preposition • Page 84

A preposition with various meanings: 4. by (swearing, Gen. 22:16); 5. through (Num. 12:2); 6. upon (Num. 14:10); 7. to a place or thing (Judg. 6:35); 8. against (Gen. 16:12); 9. concerning (after 'to speak'); 10. out of, from (Gen. 44:5); 11. among; 12. before (Gen. 23:18); 13. for (Deut. 19:21); 14. on account of (Gen. 18:28); 15. after, according to (Gen. 1:26); 16. as (Job 34:36); 17. used with verbs of sense; 18. Beth essentiae (Jehovah is among my helpers, Ps. 118:7); 19. before an infinitive: when, while, after, since (Gen. 2:4).

בּ

prefix • Page 83

A prefix preposition with various meanings: 1. In or into a place/subject. 2. With, denoting an instrument, aid, or concomitance. 3. On, at, or near.

Preposition -Within Art, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: πεδινῇ σεφηλα πεδινῆσ πεδινὴν πεδίον

LXX Usage Statistics

H8219:

πεδινῇ 6× (26.8%)

σεφηλα 4× (20.5%)

πεδινῆσ 2× (11.4%)

πεδινὴν 2× (9.4%)

πεδίον 2× (8.4%)

בעל בַּעַל

a baal

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בעל חנן

Baʻal Chânân

Definition

Baal-Chanan, the name of an Edomite, also of an Israelite

Root

from H1167 (בעל) and H2603 (חנן); possessor of grace;

Exhaustive

from בעל and חנן; possessor of grace; Baal-Chanan, the name of an Edomite, also of an Israelite; Baal-hanan.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1177

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בְּעֵל

noun masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 265

Aramaic masculine same as Hebrew בַּעַל in the sense lord, possessor; therefore בְּעֵל טְעֵם prop. lord of the (royal) decree i.e. either stadtholder, or chancellor.

Matched via consonantal key only

בַּעַל

noun masculine • Root בעל • Consonantal / Medium • Page 262

1. Master, lord, possessor, owner; husband; (in plural construct before city names) dwellers, citizens. 2. Baal, the supreme god of the Syro-Phoenician peoples.

Matched via consonantal key only

בַּעַל

noun proper masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 264

a) A personal proper name (1 Chr. 5:5; 8:30). b) The proper name of a city in Simeon, which may be identical with Ba'alath-Beer.

Matched via consonantal key only

בָּעַל

verb • Root בעל • Consonantal / Medium • Page 262

(Not used in Qal) 1. To be big, mighty, strong, to vanquish. 2. Metaphorically to possess, to have.

Matched via consonantal key only

בָּעַל

verb • Root בעל • Consonantal / Medium • Page 264

To be lord, possessor, to rule; oftener to take to wife, to marry (prop. according to the oriental view to rule the woman).

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בַּעַל

noun • Root בעל • Page 107

1. lord, owner. (Ex. 21:28; Judg. 19:22). 2. husband (as the lord of the wife). (2 Sam. 11:26; Ex. 21:22). 3. Joined with many substantives of different significations, it denotes one who possesses or is otherwise connected with the thing denoted by the noun. (Ex. 24:14, Prov. 1:17, Is. 41:15).

בַּעַל

noun masculine • Root בעל • Page 108

Masters, owners, inhabitants, or citizens. Gen. 37: 19 (masters of arrows); Gen. 49: 23 (masters of an oath/covenant). Joined with city name, denotes an inhabitant (Josh. 24: 11, Judg. 9: 2). Name of the tutelary god of the Phenicians and Syrians (Judg. 6: 25, 1 K. 18: 18). Often identified with Hercules (Ἡρακλῆς) by the Greeks. Plural: הַבְּעָלִים (the Baals or Baalim).

בַּעַל

chald. idem. • Root בעל • Page 108

Same as the Hebrew equivalent. Ezra 4: 8. See טְעֵם.

בָּעַל

verb • Page 107

1. to possess, command, rule over. (Is. 26:13; 1 Chr. 4:22). 2. to take for a wife, to marry. (Deut. 21:13, 24:1; Is. 62:5). 3. construed with בְּ, to despise, loathe. (Jer. 3:14, 31:32).

Noun proper name masculine

LXX: βαλαεννων βαλανασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1177:

βαλαεννων 8× (80.0%)

βαλανασ 2× (20.0%)

חנן חָנָן

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בעל חנן

Baʻal Chânân

Definition

Baal-Chanan, the name of an Edomite, also of an Israelite

Root

from H1167 (בעל) and H2603 (חנן); possessor of grace;

Exhaustive

from בעל and חנן; possessor of grace; Baal-Chanan, the name of an Edomite, also of an Israelite; Baal-hanan.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1177

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בְּעֵל

noun masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 265

Aramaic masculine same as Hebrew בַּעַל in the sense lord, possessor; therefore בְּעֵל טְעֵם prop. lord of the (royal) decree i.e. either stadtholder, or chancellor.

Matched via consonantal key only

בַּעַל

noun masculine • Root בעל • Consonantal / Medium • Page 262

1. Master, lord, possessor, owner; husband; (in plural construct before city names) dwellers, citizens. 2. Baal, the supreme god of the Syro-Phoenician peoples.

Matched via consonantal key only

בַּעַל

noun proper masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 264

a) A personal proper name (1 Chr. 5:5; 8:30). b) The proper name of a city in Simeon, which may be identical with Ba'alath-Beer.

Matched via consonantal key only

בָּעַל

verb • Root בעל • Consonantal / Medium • Page 262

(Not used in Qal) 1. To be big, mighty, strong, to vanquish. 2. Metaphorically to possess, to have.

Matched via consonantal key only

בָּעַל

verb • Root בעל • Consonantal / Medium • Page 264

To be lord, possessor, to rule; oftener to take to wife, to marry (prop. according to the oriental view to rule the woman).

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בַּעַל

noun • Root בעל • Page 107

1. lord, owner. (Ex. 21:28; Judg. 19:22). 2. husband (as the lord of the wife). (2 Sam. 11:26; Ex. 21:22). 3. Joined with many substantives of different significations, it denotes one who possesses or is otherwise connected with the thing denoted by the noun. (Ex. 24:14, Prov. 1:17, Is. 41:15).

בַּעַל

noun masculine • Root בעל • Page 108

Masters, owners, inhabitants, or citizens. Gen. 37: 19 (masters of arrows); Gen. 49: 23 (masters of an oath/covenant). Joined with city name, denotes an inhabitant (Josh. 24: 11, Judg. 9: 2). Name of the tutelary god of the Phenicians and Syrians (Judg. 6: 25, 1 K. 18: 18). Often identified with Hercules (Ἡρακλῆς) by the Greeks. Plural: הַבְּעָלִים (the Baals or Baalim).

בַּעַל

chald. idem. • Root בעל • Page 108

Same as the Hebrew equivalent. Ezra 4: 8. See טְעֵם.

בָּעַל

verb • Page 107

1. to possess, command, rule over. (Is. 26:13; 1 Chr. 4:22). 2. to take for a wife, to marry. (Deut. 21:13, 24:1; Is. 62:5). 3. construed with בְּ, to despise, loathe. (Jer. 3:14, 31:32).

Noun proper name masculine

LXX: βαλαεννων βαλανασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1177:

βαλαεννων 8× (80.0%)

βαλανασ 2× (20.0%)

הגדריס הַגְּדֵריס

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

גדרה

Gᵉdêrâh

Definition

(with the article) Gederah, a place in Palestine

Root

the same as H1448 (גדרה);

Exhaustive

the same as גדרה; (with the article) Gederah, a place in Palestine; Gederah, hedges.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1449

גדרי

Gᵉdêrîy

Definition

a Gederite, or inhabitant of Geder

Root

patrial from H1445 (גדר);

Exhaustive

patrial from גדר; a Gederite, or inhabitant of Geder; Gederite.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1451

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גְּדֵרָה

noun feminine • Strongs / High • Page 308

1. a wall, as a fortification, also figuratively a fence; hedge; hurdle; pen. 2. a court-enclosure. Plural forms are גְּדֵרוֹת, גְּדֵרֹת.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

גְּדֵרָה

noun masculine • Root גדר • Page 131

wall of a city. Ps. 89:41. More frequently a place surrounded with a wall, into which shepherds drove their flocks for security; hence sheep-folds, Num. 32:16, 24.

Particle definite article, Noun gentilic both singular absolute

LXX: γαδηρα

LXX Usage Statistics

H1449:

γαδηρα 2× (66.7%)

H1451:

No stats available

ועל וְעַל־

and upon

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

על

ʻal

Definition

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Root

properly, the same as H5920 (על) used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as על used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications; above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5921

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַל

adjective / noun • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

Highest; same as עֶלְיוֹן. This form is abridged from עָלָה and derived from עָלַי (like יַד from יָדָה I.), serving as the construct form עֲלֵי (out of עֲלַאי).

עַל

preposition / adverb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

A preposition: upon, over, above, super, in the widest sense. It expresses protecting, covering, resting above upon (answering to 'where'); motion toward the upper surface (answering to 'whither?'); local direction to a more distant agency; or proximity/timing ('with, at'). Used figuratively as dat. commodi and incommodi, meaning a burden or duty upon one, or with certain verbs replacing the dative case. Also expresses motion down upon or up to, sometimes interchanging with אֶל.

עַל

preposition / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 1089

Preposition or Adverb meaning upon, over, at, above (denoting physical overtopping or mental superiority/dominion); expressing addition (to, reckoned to); proximity (by, around); suitability (according to); or occasionally used concessively (though, quanquam).

עַל

preposition / particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Properly, over, upon, concerning, notwithstanding, against, towards, for the sake of, on account of. Used to express position, antithesis, or distance (away from). After certain verbs, signifies giving way, removing, or fleeing. Also forms various compound particles (e.g., עַל-מָה, עַל-כֵּן, עַל אֲשֶׁר).

עַל

preposition (aramaic) • Root אלא • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew עַל. Means: Upon, over, on account of, unto, against, or dative. (Used with suffixes like עָלַי, עָלֵךְ, עֲלֵיהוֹן).

עַל

noun / prepos. • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה, listed as a noun and a preposition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַל

substantive / adverb / adjective • Root עלה • Page 507

Strictly a substantive meaning whatever is high or uppermost (Hos. 7:16, 11:7). Used as an adverb: (1.) 'above' (Gen. 27:39, 49:25; Ps. 50:4). Used as an adjective: (2.) 'high' (2 Sam. 23:1).

Conjunction, Preposition

LXX: ἐπὶ ἐπ' ἐφ' τοῦτο ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5921a:

ἐπὶ 1722× (33.1%)

ἐπ' 701× (13.4%)

ἐφ' 195× (3.7%)

τοῦτο 116× (1.9%)

'' 116× (1.9%)

περὶ 113× (2.2%)

ἀπὸ 108× (2.1%)

--- 108× (2.1%)

αὐτοὺσ 95× (1.6%)

εἰσ 93× (1.8%)

אצרות אֹצְרוֹת

treasure storehouses

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אוצר

ʼôwtsâr

Definition

a depository

Root

from H686 (אצר);

Exhaustive

from אצר; a depository; armory, cellar, garner, store(-house), treasure(-house) (-y).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H214

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אוֹצָר

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 81

Treasure, storehouse (Entry forms listed: const. אוֹצַר, pl. אוֹצָרוֹת).

אוֹצָר

noun masculine • Root אצר • Strongs_Numbers • Page 82

Properly the laid up, inclosed, preserved; hence 1. a store, stock, provisions; 2. store-house, treasury, conservatory.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אוֹצָר

m. verbal • Root אצר • Page 33

1. store, stores (2 Chr. 11:11, Job 38:22). Especially of costly articles; treasure (Prov. 21:20, 1 K. 7:51). 2. storehouse (Joel 1:17; 2 Chr. 32:27).

Noun common feminine plural construct

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0214:

No stats available

השמן הַשֶּׁמֶן

the Oil

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שמן

shemen

Definition

grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed); figuratively, richness

Root

from H8080 (שמן);

Exhaustive

from שמן; grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed); figuratively, richness; anointing, [idiom] fat (things), [idiom] fruitful, oil(-ed), ointment, olive, [phrase] pine.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8081

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁמֵן

verb • Root שמנ • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1449

intransitive: to be thick, fat, corpulent; figuratively: to be rich, to shine with fatness, to pamper themselves.

Matched via consonantal key only

שָׁמֵן

adjective • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1449

juicy, nourishing, luxurious, excellent; fruitful, fat, well-fed; rich in spoil; powerful (of persons/warriors).

Matched via consonantal key only

שֶׁמֶן

noun masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1450

1. Fatness, concr. fat meat, sumptuoust food, fruitfulness, strength. 2. Oil, juice, fat of pressed fruit (olive-oil), oil of anointing, ointment. 3. Wood of the wild olive-tree. 4. A medicinal thing.

Matched via consonantal key only

שׁמַן

noun • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1450

A ground-form base for derived numeral forms (eight, eighty, eighteen).

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שֶׁמֶן

m. noun • Root שמן • Page 686

Oil, ointment (Cant. 1:3). Found with suffixes.

שֶׁמֶן

verb / dec. vi. a. • Root שמן • Page 687

1. fat, fatness (Ps. 109:24, Is. 25:6). 2. oil (Gen. 28:18, Neh. 8:15). 3. spiced oil, ointment (Ps. 133:2, Prov. 21:17).

שָׁמַן or שָׁמֵן

verb • Root שמן • Page 686

To be or become fat (Deut. 32:15; Jer. 5:28). Hiph: to make fat; e.g. the heart, i.e. to render it obdurate or insensible (Is. 6:10). Hithp: to become fat (Neh. 9:25).

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ἔλαιον ἐλαίῳ ἐλαίου '' pἐξ

LXX Usage Statistics

H8081:

ἔλαιον 58× (29.3%)

ἐλαίῳ 54× (26.0%)

ἐλαίου 42× (20.5%)

'' 5× (2.4%)

pἐξ 3× (1.7%)

--- 3× (1.7%)

ἔλαιόν 3× (1.2%)

ἀρκευθίνων 2× (1.1%)

ὡσ 2× (1.1%)

μύρον 2× (1.1%)

יועשס יוֹעָשׁ׃ס

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יועש

Yôwʻâsh

Definition

Joash, the name of two Israelites

Root

from H3068 (יהוה) and H5789 (עוש); Jehovahhastened;

Exhaustive

from יהוה and עוש; Jehovahhastened; Joash, the name of two Israelites; Joash.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3135

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יוֹעָשׁ

noun proper masculine • Root עוש • Strongs / High • Page 599

(Yô is hastener to). A proper name.

Noun proper name masculine

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H3135:

No stats available

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And over the olive trees and the sycamores which are in the low country, Baal-Hanan the Gederite: and over the treasures of oil, Joash:

LITV Translation:
And Baa-lhanan of Geder was over the olive trees and sycamore trees in the lowlands. And Joash was over the oil cellars.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And over the olive yards, and over the sycamores in the plain country was Baal-hanan the Gederite; and over the stores of oil was Joash.