1 Chronicles 23:4

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

מאלה מֵאֵ֗לֶּה

from a mighty one

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אלה

ʼâlâh

Definition

an imprecation

Root

from H422 (אלה);

Exhaustive

from אלה; an imprecation; curse, cursing, execration, oath, swearing.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H423

אלה

ʼêlâh

Definition

an oak or other strong tree

Root

feminine of H352 (איל);

Exhaustive

lemma אלה first vowel, corrected to אלה; feminine of איל; an oak or other strong tree; elm, oak, teil-tree.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H424

אלה

ʼêl-leh

Definition

these or those

Root

prolonged from H411 (אל);

Exhaustive

prolonged from אל; these or those; an-(the) other; one sort, so, some, such, them, these (same), they, this, those, thus, which, who(-m).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H428

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָלָה

verb • Root אל • Strongs_Numbers • Page 132

I. 1. To be strong, powerful, stout (intr.); 2. To strengthen, to swear, confirm by an oath (tr.); 3. To curse (not used); 4. To be fat.

אָלָה

noun feminine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 132

1. An oath (allied in sense is שְׁבֻעָה); 2. A covenant confirmed by an oath; 3. Curse, imprecation, connected with exclamations of swearing.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֵלֶּה

pronoun • Page 51

these, employed as the plural of זֶה (zeh) and זאת (zot). Ref: Judg. 6:11, 19; 1 Sam. 17:2, 19; 2 Sam. 18:9, 14; Ezek. 31:14.

אֵלֶּה

chald. pron. plur. • Page 51

Chaldee equivalent of the Hebrew אֵלֶּה (these). Ref: Jer. 10:11.

אָלָה

verb • Page 50

1. to swear (1 K. 8:31); 2. to curse (Judg. 17:2). Hiph. to cause to swear (1 K. 8:31).

אָלָה

verb • Page 50

to lament (Joel 1:8). Equivalent to Syriac usage.

אָלָה

f. verbal / dec. x • Root אלה • Page 50

1. oath; 2. particularly a covenant confirmed by an oath (Gen. 26:28); 3. imprecation, curse (Num. 5:21).

אֵלָה

f. verbal / dec. x • Root אל • Page 50

turpentine-tree, pistacia terebinthus. A common tree in Palestine growing to considerable height with evergreen leaves and clustering fruit (Gen. 35:4).

Prep-M, Particle demonstrative

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0423:

No stats available

H0424:

No stats available

H0428:

No stats available

לנצח לְנַצֵּחַ

forever

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

נצח

nâtsach

Definition

properly, to glitter from afar, i.e. to be eminent (as a superintendent, especially of the Temple services and its music); to be permanent

Root

a primitive root; also as denominative from H5331 (נצח)

Exhaustive

a primitive root; also as denominative from נצח; properly, to glitter from afar, i.e. to be eminent (as a superintendent, especially of the Temple services and its music); to be permanent; excel, chief musician (singer), oversee(-r), set forward.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5329

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָצַח

verb • Root נצח • Strongs / High • Page 984

(Kal not used) to shine, glitter, lighten; metaphorically to be bright, pure, white, neat; figuratively to be prominent. (Pihel) to have oversight, superintend, to be chief, to lead.

נָצַח

verb • Root נצח • Strongs / High • Page 985

III. (not used) tr. prop. to bind, to attach. Metaphorically: to be powerful, strong; to endure, to hope, to trust; to be constant, true, faithful; to overpower, to conquer.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָצַח

verb • Root נצח • Page 453

Pi.: To be placed over anything, to have the oversight of it (1 Chr. 23:4, Ezra 3:8, 9); to preside over singing, to lead in the singing (1 Chr. 15:21). Found in the superscriptions of 53 psalms.

Preposition, Verb Piel infinitive construct common

LXX: τέλοσ ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H5329:

τέλοσ 55× (77.9%)

--- 2× (4.0%)

על עַל־

upon/against/yoke

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

על

ʻal

Definition

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Root

properly, the same as H5920 (על) used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as על used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications; above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5921

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַל

adjective / noun • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

Highest; same as עֶלְיוֹן. This form is abridged from עָלָה and derived from עָלַי (like יַד from יָדָה I.), serving as the construct form עֲלֵי (out of עֲלַאי).

עַל

preposition / adverb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

A preposition: upon, over, above, super, in the widest sense. It expresses protecting, covering, resting above upon (answering to 'where'); motion toward the upper surface (answering to 'whither?'); local direction to a more distant agency; or proximity/timing ('with, at'). Used figuratively as dat. commodi and incommodi, meaning a burden or duty upon one, or with certain verbs replacing the dative case. Also expresses motion down upon or up to, sometimes interchanging with אֶל.

עַל

preposition / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 1089

Preposition or Adverb meaning upon, over, at, above (denoting physical overtopping or mental superiority/dominion); expressing addition (to, reckoned to); proximity (by, around); suitability (according to); or occasionally used concessively (though, quanquam).

עַל

preposition / particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Properly, over, upon, concerning, notwithstanding, against, towards, for the sake of, on account of. Used to express position, antithesis, or distance (away from). After certain verbs, signifies giving way, removing, or fleeing. Also forms various compound particles (e.g., עַל-מָה, עַל-כֵּן, עַל אֲשֶׁר).

עַל

preposition (aramaic) • Root אלא • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew עַל. Means: Upon, over, on account of, unto, against, or dative. (Used with suffixes like עָלַי, עָלֵךְ, עֲלֵיהוֹן).

עַל

noun / prepos. • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה, listed as a noun and a preposition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַל

substantive / adverb / adjective • Root עלה • Page 507

Strictly a substantive meaning whatever is high or uppermost (Hos. 7:16, 11:7). Used as an adverb: (1.) 'above' (Gen. 27:39, 49:25; Ps. 50:4). Used as an adjective: (2.) 'high' (2 Sam. 23:1).

Preposition

LXX: ἐπὶ ἐπ' ἐφ' τοῦτο ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5921a:

ἐπὶ 1722× (33.1%)

ἐπ' 701× (13.4%)

ἐφ' 195× (3.7%)

τοῦτο 116× (1.9%)

'' 116× (1.9%)

περὶ 113× (2.2%)

ἀπὸ 108× (2.1%)

--- 108× (2.1%)

αὐτοὺσ 95× (1.6%)

εἰσ 93× (1.8%)

מלאכת מְלֶאכֶת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מלאכה

mᵉlâʼkâh

Definition

properly, deputyship, i.e. ministry; generally, employment (never servile) or work (abstractly or concretely); also property (as the result of labor)

Root

from the same as H4397 (מלאך);

Exhaustive

from the same as מלאך; properly, deputyship, i.e. ministry; generally, employment (never servile) or work (abstractly or concretely); also property (as the result of labor); business, [phrase] cattle, [phrase] industrious, occupation, ([phrase] -pied), [phrase] officer, thing (made), use, (manner of) work((-man), -manship).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4399

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מְלָאכָה

noun feminine • Root לאך • Strongs / High • Page 854

Service, employment, work, labor, activity; field-work, husbandry; business, commerce; work of an artisan, manufacture; woven work; graving-work; architecture; temple service; a plan or pattern; the work of God, creation; riches gained by labor.

מְלָאכָה

noun feminine • Root מלאך • Strongs / High • Page 853

Work, business, service (derived from מְלָאךְ).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מְלָאכָה

noun feminine • Root לאך • Page 378

1. business. Gen. 39:11. Ex. 20:9, 10. 2. work, labour, of an artificer, mechanic. Lev. 13:48. 1 Chr. 23:4. 2 K. 12:12. 1 K. 5:30. 3. goods, substance, cattle. Ex. 22:7, 10. Gen. 33:14. 1 Sam. 15:9.

Noun common feminine singular construct

LXX: ἔργον ἔργα ἐργασίαν ἔργων ἔργου

LXX Usage Statistics

H4399:

ἔργον 54× (32.7%)

ἔργα 50× (28.0%)

ἐργασίαν 11× (6.6%)

ἔργων 8× (4.4%)

ἔργου 4× (2.3%)

'' 4× (2.2%)

ἔργοισ 4× (1.9%)

ἔργῳ 3× (1.9%)

ἐργασία 3× (1.5%)

βασιλείᾳ 2× (1.0%)

בית בֵּית־

house

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בית

bayith

Definition

a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)

Root

probably from H1129 (בנה) abbreviated;

Exhaustive

probably from בנה abbreviated; a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.); court, daughter, door, [phrase] dungeon, family, [phrase] forth of, [idiom] great as would contain, hangings, home(born), (winter) house(-hold), inside(-ward), palace, place, [phrase] prison, [phrase] steward, [phrase] tablet, temple, web, [phrase] within(-out).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1004

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בִּית

verb • Root בית • Consonantal / Medium • Page 230

To pass the night.

Matched via consonantal key only

בַּיִת

noun masculine • Root בות • Consonantal / Medium • Page 237

house in the widest sense, consequently also tent, hut, tower, palace, temple

Matched via consonantal key only

בַּיִת

noun masculine (aramaic) • Consonantal / Medium • Page 239

The same [as Hebrew 'house']; king's house; temple; treasury; banquet-house.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בַּּיִת

noun • Page 97

A city of Moab, Is. 15:2. Elsewhere written more in full as בֵּית בַּעַל מְעוֹן.

בַּיִת

noun masculine • Root בות • Page 96

1. House, dwelling (Gen. 15:3, Ecc. 2:7). 2. Tent (Gen. 33:17, 2 K. 23:7). 3. Palace, temple (Gen. 12:15, 1 Sam. 5:2, 1 K. 4:6, Is. 14:18). 4. Applied to part of a house or palace, e.g., banqueting-hall (Est. 7:8) or harem (Est. 2:3). 5. Repository, place, or container of any thing, e.g., smelling bottles (Is. 3:20), places for staves (Ex. 26:29), spider's web (Job 8:14), trench (1 K. 18:32), or tomb (Neh. 2:3). 6. The inner part, within (Ex. 28:26, Gen. 6:14). 7. Figuratively: family, kindred, tribe, people (Ex. 12:4, Gen. 7:1, Hos. 8:1). 8. Particularly posterity (Ruth 4:11, 2 Sam. 7:27). 9. Strictly one's father's house (Gen. 24:23, 46:31, Num. 1:2).

Noun common both singular construct

LXX: οἶκον οἴκου οἴκῳ οἶκοσ pεἰσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1004b:

οἶκον 503× (20.8%)

οἴκου 413× (18.3%)

οἴκῳ 323× (12.8%)

οἶκοσ 163× (7.1%)

pεἰσ 92× (4.6%)

οἴκουσ 89× (3.7%)

οἰκίαν 75× (3.1%)

pἐν 70× (3.4%)

--- 57× (2.8%)

'' 54× (2.3%)

יהוה יְהוָה

He Is

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יהוה

Yᵉhôvâh

Definition

Jehovah, Jewish national name of God

Root

from H1961 (היה); (the) self-Existent or Eternal;

Exhaustive

from היה; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of God; Jehovah, the Lord. Compare יה, יהוה.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3068

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יְהֹוָה

noun masculine • Root יהה • Strongs / High • Page 590

A pre-Mosaic old Semitic name of the supreme God, which was specially revealed for the older אֵל at the establishment of the Mosaic religion, as an abstract of all divine greatness and holiness.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יְהֹוָה

proper name • Page 275

The proper name of the deity among the ancient Hebrews. Interpreted as 'the eternal, unchangeable, true' or 'he who is as he shall be.' The text discusses various ancient pronunciations (IAΩ, IABE, IETΩ) and its derivation from the future of הָיָה.

Noun proper name

LXX: κύριοσ κυρίου κυρίῳ κύριον κύριε

LXX Usage Statistics

H3068:

κύριοσ 2605× (41.8%)

κυρίου 1742× (27.8%)

κυρίῳ 598× (8.8%)

κύριον 473× (7.1%)

κύριε 336× (5.4%)

--- 129× (2.1%)

'' 95× (1.3%)

θεὸσ 76× (1.0%)

θεοῦ 69× (0.9%)

θεῷ 28× (0.4%)

עשרים עֶשְׂרִים

twenty/rich ones

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עשרים

ʻesrîym

Definition

twenty; also (ordinal) twentieth

Root

from H6235 (עשר);

Exhaustive

from עשר; twenty; also (ordinal) twentieth; (six-) score, twenty(-ieth).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6242

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עֶשְׂרִים

numeral • Root עשר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1144

Twenty. Plural form derived from עֲשָׂרָה. Used as a cardinal number or sometimes for the ordinal number (the twentieth).

Matched via consonantal key only

Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: εἴκοσι πέντε εἰκοσαετοῦσ ἑκατὸν δύο

LXX Usage Statistics

H6242:

εἴκοσι 219× (45.9%)

πέντε 37× (6.8%)

εἰκοσαετοῦσ 28× (5.5%)

ἑκατὸν 25× (5.6%)

δύο 21× (3.9%)

τέσσαρεσ 19× (4.0%)

'' 12× (2.4%)

εἰκάδι 12× (1.7%)

τρεῖσ 8× (1.4%)

εἰκοστῷ 7× (1.3%)

וארבעה וְאַרְבָּעָה

and four

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ארבע

ʼarbaʻ

Definition

four

Root

masculine ארבעה; from H7251 (רבע);

Exhaustive

masculine ארבעה; from רבע; four; four.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H702

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אַרְבַּע

proper name • Root ארבעל • Lemma_Lookup • Page 183

Giant; proper name of the progenitor of the giants in Phenician and Babylonian mythology (Ba'al-Hercules); also the proper name of the ancient city Hebron (Kiryat Arba).

אַרְבַּע

cardinal number • Root רבע • Lemma_Lookup • Page 183

The cardinal number four.

אַרְבַּע

numeral • Root רבע • Lemma_Lookup • Page 184

Four.

קִרְיַת אַרְבַּע

noun proper • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1298

City of Arba[all], also termed חֶבְרוֹן (Hebron).

קִרְיַת אַרְבַּע

noun proper • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1298

City of Arba[all], also termed Hebron.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אְַרבַּע

chald. • Page 70

and אַרְבָּעָה. Idem [same as Hebrew entry for 'four'].

אַרְבַּע

noun feminine • Root רבע • Page 69

a prim. numeral: four. It stands for רְבַע. Dual אַרְבַּעְתַּיִם fourfold, 2 Sam. 12: 6. Plur. אַרְבָּעִים forty, Gen. 8: 6.

אַרְבַּע

proper name • Page 70

Name of one of the Enakite giants (Josh. 14:15; 15:13; 21:11).

Conjunction, Noun common feminine singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0702:

No stats available

אלף אָלֶף

a thousand

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אלף

ʼeleph

Definition

hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousand

Root

prop, the same as H504 (אלף);

Exhaustive

prop, the same as אלף; hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousand; thousand.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H505

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֶלֶף

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 143

Oxen, heifers, cattle for the yoke; tame house-animals; the name of the first letter of the alphabet.

אֶלֶף

numeral / noun masculine • Root אלף • Strongs_Numbers • Page 144

As a numeral, a thousand; properly the union of many individuals, a mass; then fixed to a definite number.

אֶלֶף

noun masculine • Root אלף • Strongs_Numbers • Page 144

Properly a union of family members, therefore association of the members of a family or tribe, larger communities into which every race was divided; a smaller division of a tribe or race.

אֶלֶף

noun proper • Root אלף • Strongs_Numbers • Page 144

A city in Benjamin's territory (Josh. 18, 28).

אֶלֶף

unknown • Strongs_Numbers • Page 145

see אַלּוּף

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶלֶף

masc. epicene / dec. vi. b. • Root אלף • Page 54

I. ox, animal of the ox kind. Deut. 7: 13. 28: 4. Ps. 8: 8. Perhaps denoting literally tame cattle.

אֶלֶף

m. prim. dec. vi. b. • Page 54

II. 1. thousand. Dual אַלְפַּיִם. Plur. אֲלָפִים. 2. family, subdivision of a tribe, originally of a thousand, i. q. מִשְׁפָּחָה. Judg. 6: 15. 1 Sam. 10: 19. 23: 23.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0505:

No stats available

ושטרים וְשֹׁטְרִים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שטר

shôṭêr

Definition

properly, a scribe, i.e. (by analogy or implication) an official superintendent or magistrate

Root

active participle of an otherwise unused root probably meaning to write;

Exhaustive

active participle of an otherwise unused root probably meaning to write; properly, a scribe, i.e. (by analogy or implication) an official superintendent or magistrate; officer, overseer, ruler.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7860

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שְׁטַר

verb • Root שטר • Consonantal / Low • Page 1414

(not used) Aram. intr. to turn, to incline, cognate in sense with the Hebr. שָׁלַל, שָׁרַר; hence the verb-idea for side, loin, flank, rib; elsewhere, to turn to the side.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

Conjunction, Verb Qal participle active masculine plural absolute

LXX: γραμματεῖσ γραμματοεισαγωγεῖσ γραμματεῦσιν

LXX Usage Statistics

H7860:

γραμματεῖσ 14× (53.8%)

γραμματοεισαγωγεῖσ 4× (14.8%)

γραμματεῦσιν 2× (7.4%)

ושפטים וְשֹׁפְטים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שפט

shâphaṭ

Definition

to judge, i.e. pronounce sentence (for or against); by implication, to vindicate or punish; by extenssion, to govern; passively, to litigate (literally or figuratively)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to judge, i.e. pronounce sentence (for or against); by implication, to vindicate or punish; by extenssion, to govern; passively, to litigate (literally or figuratively); [phrase] avenge, [idiom] that condemn, contend, defend, execute (judgment), (be a) judge(-ment), [idiom] needs, plead, reason, rule.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8199

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁפַט

verb • Root שפט • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1469

Transitive, properly to separate, divide, split off, transferred to deciding or judging; 1. to judge, absol. to act the part of judge; 2. to procure right, to defend right, to vindicate; 3. to condemn, to punish; 4. generally to govern, to rule.

Matched via consonantal key only

שָׁפָט

noun proper masculine • Root שפט • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1469

A proper name (a Judge, viz. Jah is).

Matched via consonantal key only

שִׁפֵּט

verb piel • Root שפט • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1469

To pronounce judgment. Part. right-pronouncer = judge. Also, to accuse before a judge (Arab.).

Matched via consonantal key only

שָׁפַט (Nif.)

verb nifal • Root שפט • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1469

To be judged; to be condemned; to go to law or plead; to take into judgment, to punish one.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שֶׁפֶט

m. verbal • Root שפט • Page 695

Judgments, punishments. Ex. 12: 12, Num. 33: 4.

שְׁפַט

chald. part. • Page 695

A judge. Ezra 7: 25.

שָׁפַט

verb • Page 694

1. to judge (Ex. 18: 22). 2. to do justice to any one (Ps. 10: 18). 3. to condemn, punish (1 Sam. 3: 13). 4. to command, rule; since judging and ruling are connected in the east (Am. 2: 3).

שָׁפַט

verb • Root שפט • Page 695

To be judged (Niph. 1, Ps. 37: 33). To contend with a person (Niph. 2, Prov. 29: 9, Is. 43: 26). To execute punishment, particularly when spoken of Jehovah (Niph. 3, Ezek. 38: 22, Is. 66: 16). 'My judge' (Po. Job 9: 15).

Conjunction, Verb Qal participle active masculine plural absolute

LXX: ἔκρινεν κρινεῖ κρινῶ κριτὰσ κρίνων

LXX Usage Statistics

H8199:

ἔκρινεν 16× (7.1%)

κρινεῖ 14× (6.6%)

κρινῶ 11× (5.2%)

κριτὰσ 9× (4.2%)

κρίνων 9× (4.1%)

κρινεῖσ 8× (3.6%)

κρίνατε 6× (2.9%)

κριταὶ 6× (2.6%)

κριτῶν 5× (2.0%)

κρῖναι 4× (2.0%)

ששת שֵׁשֶׁת

six

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שש

shêsh

Definition

six (as an overplus beyond five or the fingers of the hand); as ord. sixth

Root

masculine ששה; a primitive number; compare H7797 (שוש)

Exhaustive

masculine ששה; a primitive number; compare שוש; six (as an overplus beyond five or the fingers of the hand); as ord. sixth; six(-teen, -teenth), sixth.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8337

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שֵׁשׁ

numeral • Strongs / High • Page 1041

Six (Comparative example for interchange with Ayin, corresponding to 'sex' in context)

שֵׁשׁ

numeral • Root שש • Strongs / High • Page 1488

(Numeral) Six. Includes feminine form (שִׁשָׁה), construct form (שֵׁשֶׁת), and denotes sixty (שִׁשִּׁים).

שֵׁשׁ

numeral • Strongs / High • Page 1489

six (numeral).

שֵׁשׁ

noun masculine • Root שוש • Strongs / High • Page 1489

1. white marble, for pillars. 2. fine white linen, Egyptian byssus or cotton, used for priestly garments.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שֵׁשׁ

m. 1. • Root שוש • Page 702

1. white marble. Est. 1: 6. Cant. 5: 15. elsewhere שַׁיִשׁ. 2. byssus, fine white Egyptian cotton, also cloth made of it. Gen. 41: 42. Ex. 26: 1. 27: 9, 18. 28: 39. Prov. 31: 22. The later name is בּוּץ q. v. Under each of them linen is sometimes included.

שֵׁשׁ

f. and שִׁשָּׁה / const. שֵׁשֶׁת / m. • Root שדש • Page 702

six, a contraction of שֶׁדֶשׁ (like לֶדֶת by contraction מִלֶּדֶת, to bring forth.) Plur. שִׁשִׁים com. gen. sixty.

Noun common feminine singular construct

LXX: ἓξ ἑξακόσιοι δέκα ἑξακόσια ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H8337:

ἓξ 45× (21.8%)

ἑξακόσιοι 36× (16.3%)

δέκα 10× (4.2%)

ἑξακόσια 8× (3.9%)

'' 7× (2.9%)

τριάκοντα 7× (2.8%)

ἑκκαίδεκα 7× (3.2%)

πεντήκοντα 7× (2.7%)

εἴκοσι 6× (2.6%)

ἑξήκοντα 6× (2.3%)

אלפים אֲלָפִים׃

thousands

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אלף

ʼeleph

Definition

hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousand

Root

prop, the same as H504 (אלף);

Exhaustive

prop, the same as אלף; hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousand; thousand.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H505

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֶלֶף

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 143

Oxen, heifers, cattle for the yoke; tame house-animals; the name of the first letter of the alphabet.

אֶלֶף

numeral / noun masculine • Root אלף • Strongs_Numbers • Page 144

As a numeral, a thousand; properly the union of many individuals, a mass; then fixed to a definite number.

אֶלֶף

noun masculine • Root אלף • Strongs_Numbers • Page 144

Properly a union of family members, therefore association of the members of a family or tribe, larger communities into which every race was divided; a smaller division of a tribe or race.

אֶלֶף

noun proper • Root אלף • Strongs_Numbers • Page 144

A city in Benjamin's territory (Josh. 18, 28).

אֶלֶף

unknown • Strongs_Numbers • Page 145

see אַלּוּף

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶלֶף

masc. epicene / dec. vi. b. • Root אלף • Page 54

I. ox, animal of the ox kind. Deut. 7: 13. 28: 4. Ps. 8: 8. Perhaps denoting literally tame cattle.

אֶלֶף

m. prim. dec. vi. b. • Page 54

II. 1. thousand. Dual אַלְפַּיִם. Plur. אֲלָפִים. 2. family, subdivision of a tribe, originally of a thousand, i. q. מִשְׁפָּחָה. Judg. 6: 15. 1 Sam. 10: 19. 23: 23.

Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0505:

No stats available

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
From these to superintend over the work of the house of Jehovah, twenty and four thousand; and scribes and judges, six thousand:

LITV Translation:
Of these, twenty four thousand to be overseers over the work of the house of Jehovah; and six thousand were officers and judges;

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
Of the overseers over the works of the house of the Lord there were twenty-four thousand, and there were six thousand scribes and judges;