1 Chronicles 2:28

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ויהיו וַיִּהְיוּ

and they are becoming

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

היה

hâyâh

Definition

to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

Root

a primitive root (compare H1933 (הוא));

Exhaustive

a primitive root (compare הוא); to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary); beacon, [idiom] altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, [phrase] follow, happen, [idiom] have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, [idiom] use.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1961

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הָיָה

verb • Root היה • Strongs / High • Page 397

To be, to exist, to live, to become. A substantive verb used to unite a subject and predicate. It can also mean to happen, to arise, or to belong to. Used in a wide variety of grammatical constructions.

הָיָה

verb • Root היה • Strongs / High • Page 591

To be, to become, to exist. The common Hebrew verb for 'to be', considered the root of the divine name.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הַיָּה

noun feminine • Page 185

Keri הַוָּה suffering, calamity. Job 6: 2; 30: 13.

הָיָה

verb • Page 184

1. To be (Ex. 20:3, Num. 10:31, etc.); 2. to become (Ex. 4:4, Hos. 3:3, etc.); 3. to happen (Is. 19:15).

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person masculine plural

LXX: ἔσται ἐγένετο ἦν ἐγενήθη ἔσονται

LXX Usage Statistics

H1961:

ἔσται 827× (22.9%)

ἐγένετο 634× (16.8%)

ἦν 280× (7.9%)

ἐγενήθη 215× (5.8%)

ἔσονται 160× (4.5%)

ἦσαν 134× (3.8%)

ἐγένοντο 83× (2.3%)

'' 74× (1.9%)

--- 73× (2.2%)

εἶναι 67× (1.7%)

בני בְנֵי־

sons/my son

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בן

bên

Definition

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)

Root

from H1129 (בנה);

Exhaustive

from בנה; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.); [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1121

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בֵּן

masc. noun • Root בין • Strongs / High • Page 253

1. A child, begotten, born, often without distinction of sex (frequently pluralized as children). 2. Specifically, a son, a male child (opposite daughter). 3. Used metaphorically to denote personal characteristics (virtuous or vicious personality, heir of virtue/vice) or objects (e.g., young animals, plants, or inanimate objects). 4. A grandson; also used as boy, youth, prince, heir to the throne.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX: υἱοὶ υἱὸσ υἱῶν υἱοῦ υἱοῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1121a:

υἱοὶ 1075× (22.0%)

υἱὸσ 753× (16.8%)

υἱῶν 607× (12.2%)

υἱοῦ 368× (8.1%)

υἱοῖσ 329× (6.1%)

υἱοὺσ 292× (5.7%)

υἱὸν 213× (4.6%)

--- 116× (2.6%)

υἱὲ 96× (2.2%)

'' 84× (1.6%)

אונם אוֹנָם

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אונם

ʼÔwnâm

Definition

Onam, the name of an Edomite and of an Israelite

Root

a variation of H209 (אונן); strong;

Exhaustive

a variation of אונן; strong; Onam, the name of an Edomite and of an Israelite; Onam.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H208

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אוֹנָם

noun proper • Root און • Strongs_Numbers • Page 80

Proper name of a Horite and of a Jew; meaning 'ability, power'. Formed from אוֹן with ending ־ָם.

Noun proper name masculine

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0208:

No stats available

שמי שַׁמַּי

my name

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שמי

Shammay

Definition

Shammai, the name of three Israelites

Root

from H8073 (שמלי); destructive;

Exhaustive

from שמלי; destructive; Shammai, the name of three Israelites; Shammai.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8060

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הִשְׂמִיחַ

hif. verb • Root שמח • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1445

Hifil form: Same as the Piel, meaning to gladden.

הִשְׁמִיט

hif. • Root שמט • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1446

to release the hand from a debtor, and consequently to remit the debt.

שְׁמַיָּא

aram. m. pl. (aramaic) • Root שמא • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1446

Heaven (Aramaic, derived from שְׁמָא II); only definite plural, referring to the heavenly inhabitants.

שְׁמִידָע

proper name • Root ידע • Lemma_Lookup • Page 583

A proper name.

שְׁמִינִי

adjective • Root שמנה • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1447

The eighth.

שְׁמִיעַ

unknown • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1447

Equivalent to שְׁמִיעוּת (which see).

שְׁמִיר

noun proper masculine • Root שמר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1445

Approved (proper masculine name), found in 1 Chr. 24, 24 K'tib.

שָׁמִיר

noun masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1447

1. A thorn, thistle, or thorn-bush; fig. a useless army. 2. A prick, a nail, especially a diamond-point for engraving.

שָׁמִיר

noun proper • Root שמר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1447

3. (thorn-hedge, thorn-bush) Name proper (N.P.) of a city in Judah. 4. (an approved one) Name proper masculine (N.P.M.).

שְׁמִירָמוֹת

noun proper masculine • Root שמר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1447

Name proper masculine (N.P.M.), possibly related to Semiramis.

Noun proper name masculine

LXX: σαμαι

LXX Usage Statistics

H8060:

σαμαι 3× (51.4%)

וידע וְיָדָע

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ידע

Yâdâʻ

Definition

Jada, an Israelite

Root

from H3045 (ידע); knowing;

Exhaustive

from ידע; knowing; Jada, an Israelite; Jada.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3047

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָדָע

proper name • Root ידע • Strongs / High • Page 583

A proper name.

Conjunction, Noun proper name masculine

LXX: ιαδαε

LXX Usage Statistics

H3047:

ιαδαε 2× (100.0%)

ובני וּבְנֵי

and sons

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

בן

bên

Definition

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)

Root

from H1129 (בנה);

Exhaustive

from בנה; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.); [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1121

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בֵּן

masc. noun • Root בין • Strongs / High • Page 253

1. A child, begotten, born, often without distinction of sex (frequently pluralized as children). 2. Specifically, a son, a male child (opposite daughter). 3. Used metaphorically to denote personal characteristics (virtuous or vicious personality, heir of virtue/vice) or objects (e.g., young animals, plants, or inanimate objects). 4. A grandson; also used as boy, youth, prince, heir to the throne.

Conjunction, Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX: υἱοὶ υἱὸσ υἱῶν υἱοῦ υἱοῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1121a:

υἱοὶ 1075× (22.0%)

υἱὸσ 753× (16.8%)

υἱῶν 607× (12.2%)

υἱοῦ 368× (8.1%)

υἱοῖσ 329× (6.1%)

υἱοὺσ 292× (5.7%)

υἱὸν 213× (4.6%)

--- 116× (2.6%)

υἱὲ 96× (2.2%)

'' 84× (1.6%)

שמי שַׁמַּי

my name

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שמי

Shammay

Definition

Shammai, the name of three Israelites

Root

from H8073 (שמלי); destructive;

Exhaustive

from שמלי; destructive; Shammai, the name of three Israelites; Shammai.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8060

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הִשְׂמִיחַ

hif. verb • Root שמח • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1445

Hifil form: Same as the Piel, meaning to gladden.

הִשְׁמִיט

hif. • Root שמט • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1446

to release the hand from a debtor, and consequently to remit the debt.

שְׁמַיָּא

aram. m. pl. (aramaic) • Root שמא • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1446

Heaven (Aramaic, derived from שְׁמָא II); only definite plural, referring to the heavenly inhabitants.

שְׁמִידָע

proper name • Root ידע • Lemma_Lookup • Page 583

A proper name.

שְׁמִינִי

adjective • Root שמנה • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1447

The eighth.

שְׁמִיעַ

unknown • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1447

Equivalent to שְׁמִיעוּת (which see).

שְׁמִיר

noun proper masculine • Root שמר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1445

Approved (proper masculine name), found in 1 Chr. 24, 24 K'tib.

שָׁמִיר

noun masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1447

1. A thorn, thistle, or thorn-bush; fig. a useless army. 2. A prick, a nail, especially a diamond-point for engraving.

שָׁמִיר

noun proper • Root שמר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1447

3. (thorn-hedge, thorn-bush) Name proper (N.P.) of a city in Judah. 4. (an approved one) Name proper masculine (N.P.M.).

שְׁמִירָמוֹת

noun proper masculine • Root שמר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1447

Name proper masculine (N.P.M.), possibly related to Semiramis.

Noun proper name masculine

LXX: σαμαι

LXX Usage Statistics

H8060:

σαμαι 3× (51.4%)

נדב נָדָב

Volunteer

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נדב

Nâdâb

Definition

Nadab, the name of four Israelites

Root

from H5068 (נדב); liberal;

Exhaustive

from נדב; liberal; Nadab, the name of four Israelites; Nadab.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5070

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָדָב

noun proper masculine • Root נדב • Strongs / High • Page 946

A noble one; a proper name for a male.

Noun proper name masculine

LXX: ναδαβ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5070:

ναδαβ 19× (95.3%)

ואבישור וַאֲבִישׁוּר׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אבישור

ʼĂbîyshûwr

Definition

Abishur, an Israelite

Root

from H1 (אב) and H7791 (שור); father of (the) wall (i.e. perhaps mason);

Exhaustive

from אב and שור; father of (the) wall (i.e. perhaps mason); Abishur, an Israelite; Abishur.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H51

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֲבִישׁוּר

noun proper masculine • Root שור • Strongs_Numbers • Page 52

'Ab is ability, rectitude; contracted from אֲבִי־יָשׁוּר. Found in 1 Chr. 2, 28.

Conjunction, Noun proper name masculine

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0051:

No stats available

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And the sons of Onam will be Shammai and Jada. And the sons of Shammai: Nadab and Abishur.

LITV Translation:
And the sons of Onam: Shammai and Jada. And the sons of Shammai: Nadab and Abishur.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And the sons of Onam were, Shammai, and Jada: and the sons of Shammai; Nadab, and Abishur.