1 Chronicles 15:19

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

והמשררים וְהַמְשֹׁרְרִים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שיר

shîyr

Definition

to sing

Root

or (the original form) שור; (1 Samuel 18:6), a primitive root (rather identical with H7788 (שור) through the idea of strolling minstrelsy);

Exhaustive

or (the original form) שור; (1 Samuel 18:6), a primitive root (rather identical with שור through the idea of strolling minstrelsy); to sing; behold (by mistake for שור), sing(-er, -ing man, -ing woman).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7891

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שִׁיר

noun masculine • Root שור • Strongs / High • Page 1402

A song; also refers to the participle forms (שׁוֹרְרִים, שׁוֹרְרוֹת) used for temple-singers.

שִׁיר

m. noun • Root שור • Strongs / High • Page 1416

A song, poem, which is recited, dedicated, or joyous; applied generally to religious poems, or the most excellent song (Song of Songs).

Conjunction, Particle definite article, Verb Piel participle active masculine plural absolute

LXX: ᾄδοντεσ ᾄσατε ᾀδόντων ᾄσομαι ᾖσεν

LXX Usage Statistics

H7891:

ᾄδοντεσ 15× (15.3%)

ᾄσατε 10× (12.7%)

ᾀδόντων 8× (8.7%)

ᾄσομαι 6× (7.6%)

ᾖσεν 4× (4.9%)

ψαλτῳδοὶ 4× (4.1%)

ἄισατε 3× (3.8%)

ᾄσομαί 2× (2.5%)

αἴσωμεν 2× (2.5%)

ᾄσω 2× (2.5%)

הימן הֵימָן

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

הימן

Hêymân

Definition

Heman, the name of at least two Israelites

Root

probably from H539 (אמן); faithful;

Exhaustive

probably from אמן; faithful; Heman, the name of at least two Israelites; Heman.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1968

גרם

gâram

Definition

(causative) to bone, i.e. denude (by extensive, craunch) the bones

Root

a primitive root; to be spare or skeleton-like; used only as a denominative from H1634 (גרם);

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to be spare or skeleton-like; used only as a denominative from גרם; (causative) to bone, i.e. denude (by extensive, craunch) the bones; gnaw the bones, break.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1633

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הֵימָן

noun / proper • Root המן • Strongs / High • Page 398

artificer, work-master. As a proper noun, the name of a wise man in Solomon's time and of a chief singer.

הֵימָן

noun proper • Root המן • Strongs / High • Page 406

a proper name.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הֵימָן

proper name • Page 185

1. a Levitical chorister in the time of David. 1 Chr. 6: 18. [33.] 15: 17. 2. an Ezrahite, 1 Chr. 2: 6. celebrated for his wisdom, 1 K. 5: 11. [4: 31.] and called the author of Ps. LXXXVIII.

Noun proper name masculine

LXX: αιμαν αιμανι

LXX Usage Statistics

H1968:

αιμαν 14× (82.4%)

αιμανι 2× (11.1%)

Heman_§Heman@1Ch.6.33:

No stats available

אסף אָסָף

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אסף

ʼÂçâph

Definition

Asaph, the name of three Israelites, and of the family of the first

Root

from H622 (אסף); collector;

Exhaustive

from אסף; collector; Asaph, the name of three Israelites, and of the family of the first; Asaph.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H623

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָסָף

noun proper • Strongs_Numbers • Page 169

Collector i.e. protector; proper name of the father of Joah; a singer and poet in David's time.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָסָף

m. proper name • Root אסף • Page 63

(collector) proper name of a Levite, who was one of David's chief musicians, and a poet; to him are ascribed many of the Psalms (1 Chr. 6:24 [39], 15:17, 16:5, 2 Chr. 29:30).

Noun proper name masculine

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0623:

No stats available

ואיתן וְאֵיתָן

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

איתן

ʼÊythân

Definition

Ethan, the name of four Israelites

Root

the same as H386 (איתן); permanent;

Exhaustive

the same as איתן; permanent; Ethan, the name of four Israelites; Ethan.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H387

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵיתָן

adjective • Strongs_Numbers • Page 42

firm, hard

אֵיתָן

adjective / noun masculine • Root יתן • Strongs_Numbers • Page 121

1. Continuing, constant, perennial, abiding. 2. Applied to rivers: perennial, inexhaustible. 3. Applied to power/strength: firmness, solidity.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֵיתָן

adjective • Root יתן • Page 47

Constant, lasting, never failing, perennis, applied especially to water. Deut. 21: 4. Am. 5: 2. Also firm, strong, mighty. Jer. 5: 15. Job 12: 19. Also used for a rock. Mic. 6: 2. Jer. 49: 19. Proper name of an Ezrahite. 1 K. 5: 11.

Conjunction, Noun proper name masculine

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0387:

No stats available

במצלתים בִּמְצִלְתַּיִם

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מצלת

mᵉtsêleth

Definition

(only dual) double tinklers, i.e. cymbals

Root

from H6750 (צלל);

Exhaustive

from צלל; (only dual) double tinklers, i.e. cymbals; cymbals.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4700

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בְּ

preposition • Page 84

A preposition with various meanings: 4. by (swearing, Gen. 22:16); 5. through (Num. 12:2); 6. upon (Num. 14:10); 7. to a place or thing (Judg. 6:35); 8. against (Gen. 16:12); 9. concerning (after 'to speak'); 10. out of, from (Gen. 44:5); 11. among; 12. before (Gen. 23:18); 13. for (Deut. 19:21); 14. on account of (Gen. 18:28); 15. after, according to (Gen. 1:26); 16. as (Job 34:36); 17. used with verbs of sense; 18. Beth essentiae (Jehovah is among my helpers, Ps. 118:7); 19. before an infinitive: when, while, after, since (Gen. 2:4).

בּ

prefix • Page 83

A prefix preposition with various meanings: 1. In or into a place/subject. 2. With, denoting an instrument, aid, or concomitance. 3. On, at, or near.

Preposition, Noun common both dual absolute

LXX: κυμβάλοισ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4700:

κυμβάλοισ 11× (82.5%)

נחשת נְחֹשֶׁת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נחשת

nᵉchôsheth

Definition

copper, hence, something made of that metal, i.e. coin, a fetter; figuratively, base (as compared with gold or silver)

Root

for H5154 (נחושה);

Exhaustive

for נחושה; copper, hence, something made of that metal, i.e. coin, a fetter; figuratively, base (as compared with gold or silver); brasen, brass, chain, copper, fetter (of brass), filthiness, steel.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5178

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נְחֹ֫שֶׁת

feminine noun • Root נחש • Consonantal / Medium • Page 963

1. Brass, copper; a metal used for vessels, buildings, and arms; also a fetter. 2. The firm basis, ground, or support. 3. Figuratively, the female pudenda.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נְחֹשֶׁת

noun masculine • Page 438

1. brass. Gen. 4: 22. Ex. 26: 11, 37. 2. money, æs. Ezek. 16: 36. 3. a brazen fetter. Lam. 3: 7. Judg. 16: 21. 2 Sam. 3: 34.

Noun common feminine singular absolute

LXX: χαλκοῦν χαλκοῦ χαλκᾶ χαλκὸν ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5178a:

χαλκοῦν 18× (13.2%)

χαλκοῦ 17× (12.4%)

χαλκᾶ 13× (9.9%)

χαλκὸν 10× (6.8%)

'' 9× (6.1%)

χαλκοῦσ 8× (6.2%)

χαλκῷ 8× (5.6%)

χαλκῆν 7× (5.4%)

χαλκόν 7× (5.5%)

χαλκαῖ 6× (4.8%)

להשמיע לְהַשְׁמִיעַ׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שמע

shâmaʻ

Definition

to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.); [idiom] attentively, call (gather) together, [idiom] carefully, [idiom] certainly, consent, consider, be content, declare, [idiom] diligently, discern, give ear, (cause to, let, make to) hear(-ken, tell), [idiom] indeed, listen, make (a) noise, (be) obedient, obey, perceive, (make a) proclaim(-ation), publish, regard, report, shew (forth), (make a) sound, [idiom] surely, tell, understand, whosoever (heareth), witness.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8085

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁמַע

verb • Root שמע • Strongs / High • Page 755

to listen to, hearken

שָׁמַע

verb qal • Root שמע • Strongs / High • Page 1450

I. To give ear to, to hear, attend; generally with an accusative of the thing or person; to be an ear-witness; to hear with pleasure; to hear of God; to obey.

שָׁמַע

verb qal • Root שמע • Strongs / High • Page 1451

To hear (absol. or with accusative); to obey, to follow; metaphorically, to understand, to be intelligent, to be attentive; to get knowledge of, to hear a call.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שָׁמַע and שָׁמֵעַ

verb • Root שמע • Page 687

1. to hear; to hearken, obey (Job 26:14, Ps. 92:12, Gen. 23:8, Ex. 24:7). 2. to understand (Gen. 11:7, 42:23). Also includes Niph. (to be heard), Pi. (to cause to hear, summon), and Hiph. (to cause to hear, announce, call together).

Preposition, Verb Hiphil infinitive construct common

LXX: ἤκουσεν ἀκούσατε ἤκουσαν ἤκουσα ἄκουε

LXX Usage Statistics

H8085:

ἤκουσεν 130× (10.0%)

ἀκούσατε 76× (6.4%)

ἤκουσαν 58× (4.6%)

ἤκουσα 42× (3.5%)

ἄκουε 37× (3.1%)

ὡσ 30× (2.6%)

ἀκοῦσαι 29× (2.1%)

ἀκούσῃ 28× (2.2%)

'' 26× (1.9%)

εἰσήκουσεν 25× (2.0%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And those singing, Heman, Asaph and Ethan, with cymbals of brass to cause to hear;

LITV Translation:
And the singers were Heman, Asaph, and Ethan, to sound with cymbals of bronze;

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And the singers, Heman, Asaph, and Ethan, with brazen cymbals to make a sound to be heard.