1 Chronicles 12:2

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

נשקי נֹשְׁקֵי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נשק

nâshaq

Definition

to kiss, literally or figuratively (touch); also (as a mode of attachment), to equip with weapons

Root

a primitive root (identical with H5400 (נשק), through the idea of fastening up; compare H2388 (חזק), H2836 (חשק));

Exhaustive

a primitive root (identical with נשק, through the idea of fastening up; compare חזק, חשק); to kiss, literally or figuratively (touch); also (as a mode of attachment), to equip with weapons; armed (men), rule, kiss, that touched.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5401

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָשַׁק

verb • Root נשק • Strongs / High • Page 997

1. to kiss (from esteem, friendship, love, or to render homage and obedience). 2. to put on armour or a shield, to equip oneself. 3. to unite, to join.

Verb Qal participle active masculine plural construct

LXX: ἐφίλησεν κατεφίλησεν καταφιλῆσαι κατεφίλησαν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5401b:

ἐφίλησεν 9× (26.4%)

κατεφίλησεν 7× (19.5%)

καταφιλῆσαι 2× (5.9%)

κατεφίλησαν 2× (5.9%)

קשת קֶ֗שֶׁת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

קשת

qesheth

Definition

a bow, forshooting (hence, figuratively, strength) or the iris

Root

from H7185 (קשה) in the original sense (of H6983 (קוש)) of bending;

Exhaustive

from קשה in the original sense (of קוש) of bending; a bow, forshooting (hence, figuratively, strength) or the iris; [idiom] arch(-er), [phrase] arrow, bow(-man, -shot).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7198

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קֶשֶׁת

noun / feminine • Root קשה • Strongs / High • Page 1306

A bow (pl. קְשָׁתוֹת); the same as the noun קֶשֶׁת.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

קֶשֶׁת

com. gen. • Page 600

1. a bow, to shoot with. Gen. 48:22. Ps. 18:35. 2. as a collect. archers. Is. 21:17. 2. a rain-bow. Gen. 9:13 ff. 3. the song of the bow, the title of the elegy on Saul and Jonathan. 2 Sam. 1:18.

קַשָּׁת

m. denom. • Root קשת • Page 600

an archer. Gen. 21:20.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: τόξον τόξα τόξῳ τόξοισ τόξου

LXX Usage Statistics

H7198:

τόξον 42× (54.6%)

τόξα 7× (7.9%)

τόξῳ 6× (6.3%)

τόξοισ 4× (4.8%)

τόξου 3× (4.2%)

τοξόται 3× (4.0%)

--- 2× (2.8%)

ὡσ 2× (2.8%)

τοξευμάτων 2× (2.4%)

מימינים מַיְמִינִים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ימן

yâman

Definition

to be right-handed or take the right-hand side

Root

a primitive root; to be (physically) right (i.e. firm); but used only as denominative from H3225 (ימין) and transitive,

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to be (physically) right (i.e. firm); but used only as denominative from ימין and transitive,; to be right-handed or take the right-hand side; go (turn) to (on, use) the right hand.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3231

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָמַן

verb • Root ימן • Strongs / High • Page 616

(not used) An intransitive verb meaning to be luminous.

יָמַן

verb • Root ימן • Strongs / High • Page 617

To be clear, of a region; to be southerly or on the right; to be prosperous; to make clear or swear; to glow or burn.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָמַן

verb • Root ימין • Page 285

To turn to the right (Gen. 13:9, Ezek. 21:21) or to use the right hand (1 Chr. 12:2). Denominated from יָמִין. Forms: הֵימִין and הֵמִין.

Verb Hiphil participle active masculine plural absolute

LXX: δεξιῶν

LXX Usage Statistics

H3231:

δεξιῶν 2× (29.3%)

ומשמאלים וּמַשְׂמִאלִים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שמאל

sâmaʼl

Definition

to use the left hand or pass in that direction)

Root

a primitive root (denominative from H8040 (שמאול));

Exhaustive

a primitive root (denominative from שמאול); to use the left hand or pass in that direction); (go, turn) (on the, to the) left.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8041

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שְׂמאֹל

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1444

to turn to the left; to use the left hand (denominate verb).

שְׂמֹאל

noun • Root שום • Lemma_Lookup • Page 754

A word derived from שׂוּם.

שִׂמְאֹל

noun proper masculine • Root שמל • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1443

See שְׂמֹאל.

שְׂמֹאל

noun • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1443

1. The left side, the left hand; the North (the veiled, dark region). 2. A figure of misfortune.

שְׂמֹאלָא

noun feminine • Root שמאל • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1443

1. The veiled, dark region, the north. 2. What is turned to the north, the left side.

שְׂמאָלִי

adjective • Root שמאל • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1444

left, left side, on the left (masculine adjective, f. שְׂמאָלִית).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שְׂמֹאל

noun masculine • Page 640

1. the left side. Gen. 24:49. 2. the left hand. Gen. 48:14. 3. the north. Job 23:9. Gen. 14:15. Includes denom. verb הִשְׂמְאִיל to turn to the left.

Conjunction, Verb Hiphil participle active masculine plural absolute

LXX: ἀριστερά

LXX Usage Statistics

H8041:

ἀριστερά 2× (32.7%)

באבנים בָּאֲבָנִים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אבן

ʼeben

Definition

a stone

Root

from the root of H1129 (בנה) through the meaning to build;

Exhaustive

from the root of בנה through the meaning to build; a stone; [phrase] carbuncle, [phrase] mason, [phrase] plummet, (chalk-, hail-, head-, sling-) stone(-ny), (divers) weight(-s).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H68

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֶבֶן

noun feminine • Root אבן • Strongs_Numbers • Page 54

A rock, a stone; often as material: smooth stones, precious stones, ore.

אֶבֶן

noun feminine • Root אבן • Strongs_Numbers • Page 55

A stone. (Definite form: אַבְנָא). Used in Daniel 2:34, 45. Also 'a burdensome stone' (Ezra 5:8, 6:4), referring to heavy large stones.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶבֶן

noun feminine • Page 22

1. stone (Gen. 31: 46; Job 28: 2). 2. by way of eminence, a precious stone (1 K. 10: 2, 11). 3. rock, fortress, in a metaphorical sense (Gen. 49: 24). 4. a weight (Zech. 5: 8; Is. 34: 11). 5. אֶבֶן הָעֵזֶר (stone of help) proper name of a stone placed by Samuel (1 Sam. 4: 1). 6. אֶבֶן הָאָזֶל (stone of departure) proper name (1 Sam. 20: 19).

Preposition -Within Art, Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0068:

No stats available

ובחצים וּבַחִצּים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

חץ

chêts

Definition

properly, a piercer, i.e. an arrow; by implication, a wound; figuratively, (of God) thunderbolt; the shaft of aspear

Root

from H2686 (חצץ); also by interchange for H6086 (עץ)

Exhaustive

from חצץ; also by interchange for עץ; properly, a piercer, i.e. an arrow; by implication, a wound; figuratively, (of God) thunderbolt; the shaft of aspear; [phrase] archer, arrow, dart, shaft, staff, wound.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2671

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חֵץ

noun / masculine • Root חצץ • Strongs / High • Page 515

prop. something cutting into or piercing, hence 1. an arrow, a missile. 2. thy lightnings.

חֵץ

noun • Strongs / High • Page 516

Tropically: suffering, punishment, sickness (Deut. 32, 23); sufferings sent by God (Job 6, 4); lightning, God's arrow (Hab. 3, 11); a collateral form of שֵׁבֶט (shaft).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חֵץ

noun masculine • Root חצץ • Page 242

1. an arrow. Gen. 49:23.—the arrows of God, i. e. the lightning, Hab. 3:11.

Conjunction, Preposition, Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: βέλη βέλοσ ὡσ βολὶσ τόξον

LXX Usage Statistics

H2671:

βέλη 17× (30.4%)

βέλοσ 7× (13.4%)

ὡσ 2× (4.1%)

βολὶσ 2× (3.8%)

τόξον 2× (3.8%)

τοξεύμασιν 2× (3.5%)

βέλουσ 2× (3.5%)

σχίζαν 2× (3.5%)

בקשת בַּקָּשֶׁת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

קשת

qesheth

Definition

a bow, forshooting (hence, figuratively, strength) or the iris

Root

from H7185 (קשה) in the original sense (of H6983 (קוש)) of bending;

Exhaustive

from קשה in the original sense (of קוש) of bending; a bow, forshooting (hence, figuratively, strength) or the iris; [idiom] arch(-er), [phrase] arrow, bow(-man, -shot).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7198

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קֶשֶׁת

noun / feminine • Root קשה • Strongs / High • Page 1306

A bow (pl. קְשָׁתוֹת); the same as the noun קֶשֶׁת.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

קֶשֶׁת

com. gen. • Page 600

1. a bow, to shoot with. Gen. 48:22. Ps. 18:35. 2. as a collect. archers. Is. 21:17. 2. a rain-bow. Gen. 9:13 ff. 3. the song of the bow, the title of the elegy on Saul and Jonathan. 2 Sam. 1:18.

קַשָּׁת

m. denom. • Root קשת • Page 600

an archer. Gen. 21:20.

Preposition -Within Art, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: τόξον τόξα τόξῳ τόξοισ τόξου

LXX Usage Statistics

H7198:

τόξον 42× (54.6%)

τόξα 7× (7.9%)

τόξῳ 6× (6.3%)

τόξοισ 4× (4.8%)

τόξου 3× (4.2%)

τοξόται 3× (4.0%)

--- 2× (2.8%)

ὡσ 2× (2.8%)

τοξευμάτων 2× (2.4%)

מאחי מֵאֲחֵי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אח

ʼâch

Definition

a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance (like father))

Root

a primitive word;

Exhaustive

a primitive word; a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance (like father)); another, brother(-ly); kindred, like, other. Compare also the proper names beginning with 'Ah-' or 'Ahi-'.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H251

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָח

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 93

Brother; a word of relationship used in various ways: 1. friend, companion. 2. kinsman, fellow-countryman, person of same family or race. 3. ally, confederate. 4. neighbour, fellow man. 5. Used in phrases expressing 'the one... the other' (any one, other).

אָח

noun masculine • Root אחה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 94

Brother; 'fellow' or 'other' in poetical and figurative discourse, applied to persons, animals, and inanimate things. Used frequently in compound proper names, often as an epithet of deity (friend/protector). Usage in Ez. 18:10 is discussed as a possible textual variant for 'one' or 'man'.

אָח

noun feminine • Root אחה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 95

Properly fire, then chafing-dish; heats winter chambers.

אָח

noun masculine • Root אחו • Strongs_Numbers • Page 95

Meadow; to bear fruit between meadows.

אָח

interjection • Strongs_Numbers • Page 95

An exclamation of grief: ah! alas! woe!

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָח

m. prim. irreg. • Page 37

1. brother; freq. 2. cousin, kinsman of any degree. 3. one belonging to the same tribe. 4. fellow countryman. 5. confederated, bound together by a league. 6. friend, companion. 7. neighbour, fellowman. 8. applied metaphorically to persons and things which have resemblance.

אָח

interj. of lament. • Page 37

Ah! alas! construed with the dative.

אָח

noun feminine • Page 37

firepan, such as is employed in the east for warming chambers. (comp. Arab. ardeo)

אָח

chald. n.m. • Page 37

brother, as in Hebrew.

Prep-M, Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0251:

No stats available

שאול שָׁאוּל

Sheol

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שאול

Shâʼûwl

Definition

Shaul, the name of an Edomite and two Israelites

Root

passive participle of H7592 (שאל); asked;

Exhaustive

passive participle of שאל; asked; Shaul, the name of an Edomite and two Israelites; Saul, Shaul.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7586

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁאוּל

noun proper masculine • Root שאל • Strongs / High • Page 1366

Proper name masculine, meaning 'asked' (from God). Refers to the first king of Israel, an appellation of the place שֶׁבַע, and a patronymic.

Noun proper name masculine

LXX: σαουλ '' --- γυναικὶ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7586:

σαουλ 355× (88.5%)

'' 29× (6.4%)

--- 9× (2.3%)

γυναικὶ 2× (0.4%)

מבנימן מִבִּנְיָמִן׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

בנימין

Binyâmîyn

Definition

Binjamin, youngest son of Jacob; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory

Root

from H1121 (בן) and H3225 (ימין); son of (the) right hand;

Exhaustive

from בן and ימין; son of (the) right hand; Binjamin, youngest son of Jacob; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory; Benjamin.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1144

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בִּנְיָמִן

noun proper • Consonantal / Medium • Page 258

Benjamin; proper name of Jacob's youngest son, whom his mother called Ben-oni. Ancestor of the Israelite tribe named from him.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בִּנְיָמִין

noun masculine • Root ימין • Page 105

Benjamin, meaning 'son of prosperity'. The youngest son of Jacob and the tribe named after him. References: Gen. 35:18, Josh 18:11 ff.

Prep-M, Noun proper name masculine

LXX: βενιαμιν ιεμενι υἱοῦ υἱοὶ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1144:

βενιαμιν 153× (82.1%)

βενιαμιν 5× (2.4%)

ιεμενι 4× (2.0%)

υἱοῦ 3× (1.8%)

υἱοὶ 3× (1.8%)

υἱὸσ 3× (1.7%)

--- 2× (1.2%)

ιεμιναίου 2× (1.2%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
Bending the bows from the right hands and from the left with stones and with arrows, with the bow from Saul's brethren of Benjamin:

LITV Translation:
right and left-handed, armed with bows, with stones, and with arrows, with the bow from the brothers of Saul, of Benjamin.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
and using the bow with the right hand and with the left, and slingers with stones, and shooters with bows. Of the brethren of Saul of Benjamin,