1 Chronicles 1:6

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ובני וּבְנֵי

and sons

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

בן

bên

Definition

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)

Root

from H1129 (בנה);

Exhaustive

from בנה; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.); [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1121

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בֵּן

masc. noun • Root בין • Strongs / High • Page 253

1. A child, begotten, born, often without distinction of sex (frequently pluralized as children). 2. Specifically, a son, a male child (opposite daughter). 3. Used metaphorically to denote personal characteristics (virtuous or vicious personality, heir of virtue/vice) or objects (e.g., young animals, plants, or inanimate objects). 4. A grandson; also used as boy, youth, prince, heir to the throne.

Conjunction, Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX: υἱοὶ υἱὸσ υἱῶν υἱοῦ υἱοῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1121a:

υἱοὶ 1075× (22.0%)

υἱὸσ 753× (16.8%)

υἱῶν 607× (12.2%)

υἱοῦ 368× (8.1%)

υἱοῖσ 329× (6.1%)

υἱοὺσ 292× (5.7%)

υἱὸν 213× (4.6%)

--- 116× (2.6%)

υἱὲ 96× (2.2%)

'' 84× (1.6%)

גמר גּמֶר

Ended ("Gomer")

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

גמר

Gômer

Definition

Gomer, the name of a son of Japheth and of his descendants; also of a Hebrewess

Root

from H1584 (גמר); completion;

Exhaustive

from גמר; completion; Gomer, the name of a son of Japheth and of his descendants; also of a Hebrewess; Gomer.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1586

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גֹּמֶר

noun proper feminine • Root גמר • Strongs / High • Page 333

A feminine proper name meaning completion or perhaps heat.

גֹּמֶר

noun proper • Root גמר • Strongs / High • Page 333

1. A proper name of the Japhetic founder of a people. 2. A proper name of a people descended from Gomer.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

גֹּמֶר

noun proper • Page 144

Cimmerians, Cimbri; common name of a little known and barbarous northern nation.

גְּמַר

verb • Page 144

finished, skilful, learned.

גָּמַר

verb • Root גמר • Page 143

1. To finish, accomplish, execute. Ref: Ps. 57:3.

Noun proper name masculine

LXX: γαμερ γομερ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1586:

γαμερ 4× (68.4%)

γομερ 2× (31.6%)

אשכנז אַשְׁכֲּנַז

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אשכנז

ʼAshkᵉnaz

Definition

Ashkenaz, a Japhethite, also his descendants

Root

of foreign origin;

Exhaustive

of foreign origin; Ashkenaz, a Japhethite, also his descendants; Ashkenaz.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H813

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אַשְׁכְּנַז

proper name • Lemma_Lookup • Page 199

1. Proper name of a Japhetite, son of Gomer (Cimmerian).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אַשְׁכְּנַז

noun proper • Page 77

Gen. 10:3. Jer. 51:27. a people of northern Asia, as appears from their being joined with Gomer and Ararat; the modern Jews understand Germany and use the word with this signification.

Noun proper name masculine

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0813:

No stats available

ודיפת וְדִיפַת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ריפת

Rîyphath

Definition

Riphath, a grandson of Japheth and his descendants

Root

or (probably by orthographical error) דיפת; of foreign origin;

Exhaustive

or (probably by orthographical error) דיפת; of foreign origin; Riphath, a grandson of Japheth and his descendants; Riphath.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7384

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רִיפַת

noun proper • Strongs / High • Page 1337

n. p. of a son of גֶּמֶר, i. e. of a Cimmerian tribe (Gen. 10, 3), understood as the Celts who marched across the Riphaean mountains into the farthest regions of Europe.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רִיפַת

noun proper • Page 618

proper name of an unknown people, of the race of the Cimmerians.

Conjunction, Noun proper name masculine

LXX: ριφαθ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7384a:

ριφαθ 2× (100.0%)

ותוגרמה וְתוֹגַרְמָה׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

תוגרמה

Tôwgarmâh

Definition

Togarmah, a son of Gomer and his posterity

Root

or תגרמה; probably of foreign derivation;

Exhaustive

or תגרמה; probably of foreign derivation; Togarmah, a son of Gomer and his posterity; Togarmah.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8425

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

תּוּגְרְמָה

unknown • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1502

see תֹּגַרְמָה.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

תּוֹגַרְמָה

noun • Page 709

see תּגַרְמָה.

תּוֹגַרְמָה

proper name • Page 707

Name of a northern country, from which horses and mules were brought to Tyre. Gen. 10:3, 1 Chr. 1:6, Ezek. 27:14, 38:6. Possibly related to Armenia.

Conjunction, Noun proper name masculine

LXX: θεργαμα θοργαμα

LXX Usage Statistics

H8425:

θεργαμα 2× (52.1%)

θοργαμα 2× (47.9%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And the sons of Gomer: Ashchenaz and Riphath, and Togarmah.

LITV Translation:
And the sons of Gomer were Ashchenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And the sons of Gomer, Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.