1 Chronicles 1:5

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

בני בְּנֵי

sons/my son

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בן

bên

Definition

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)

Root

from H1129 (בנה);

Exhaustive

from בנה; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.); [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1121

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בֵּן

masc. noun • Root בין • Strongs / High • Page 253

1. A child, begotten, born, often without distinction of sex (frequently pluralized as children). 2. Specifically, a son, a male child (opposite daughter). 3. Used metaphorically to denote personal characteristics (virtuous or vicious personality, heir of virtue/vice) or objects (e.g., young animals, plants, or inanimate objects). 4. A grandson; also used as boy, youth, prince, heir to the throne.

Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX: υἱοὶ υἱὸσ υἱῶν υἱοῦ υἱοῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1121a:

υἱοὶ 1075× (22.0%)

υἱὸσ 753× (16.8%)

υἱῶν 607× (12.2%)

υἱοῦ 368× (8.1%)

υἱοῖσ 329× (6.1%)

υἱοὺσ 292× (5.7%)

υἱὸν 213× (4.6%)

--- 116× (2.6%)

υἱὲ 96× (2.2%)

'' 84× (1.6%)

יפת יפֶת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יפת

Yepheth

Definition

Jepheth, a son of Noah; also his posterity

Root

from H6601 (פתה); expansion;

Exhaustive

from פתה; expansion; Jepheth, a son of Noah; also his posterity; Japheth.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3315

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יֶפֶת

proper noun • Root יפה • Strongs / High • Page 631

extender, spreader; n. p. of the third son of Noah.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יֶפֶת

proper name • Root פתה • Page 292

Proper name of a son of Noah, Gen. 5:32; 7:13; 9:18 ff. who in Gen. 10:2-5 is represented as the progenitor of the nations scattered on the North and West of Palestine. Vulg. Japhet.

Noun proper name masculine

LXX: ιαφεθ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3315:

ιαφεθ 10× (100.0%)

גמר גֹּמֶר

Ended ("Gomer")

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

גמר

Gômer

Definition

Gomer, the name of a son of Japheth and of his descendants; also of a Hebrewess

Root

from H1584 (גמר); completion;

Exhaustive

from גמר; completion; Gomer, the name of a son of Japheth and of his descendants; also of a Hebrewess; Gomer.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1586

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גֹּמֶר

noun proper feminine • Root גמר • Strongs / High • Page 333

A feminine proper name meaning completion or perhaps heat.

גֹּמֶר

noun proper • Root גמר • Strongs / High • Page 333

1. A proper name of the Japhetic founder of a people. 2. A proper name of a people descended from Gomer.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

גֹּמֶר

noun proper • Page 144

Cimmerians, Cimbri; common name of a little known and barbarous northern nation.

גְּמַר

verb • Page 144

finished, skilful, learned.

גָּמַר

verb • Root גמר • Page 143

1. To finish, accomplish, execute. Ref: Ps. 57:3.

Noun proper name masculine

LXX: γαμερ γομερ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1586:

γαμερ 4× (68.4%)

γομερ 2× (31.6%)

ומגוג וּמָגוֹג

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מגוג

Mâgôwg

Definition

Magog, a son of Japheth; also a barbarous northern region

Root

from H1463 (גוג);

Exhaustive

from גוג; Magog, a son of Japheth; also a barbarous northern region; Magog.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4031

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מָגוֹג

noun proper • Strongs / High • Page 807

Proper name of the second son of Japhet; also a people and the country of Scythia.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מָגוֹג

proper name • Page 354

Proper name of a northern people, obscurely known to the Hebrews, often identified with Scythians (Gen. 10:2, Ezek. 38:2, 39:6).

Conjunction, Noun proper name masculine

LXX: μαγωγ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4031:

μαγωγ 3× (76.1%)

ומדי וּמָדַי

and Middleland (Medai)

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מדי

Mâday

Definition

Madai, a country of central Asia

Root

of foreign derivation;

Exhaustive

of foreign derivation; Madai, a country of central Asia; Madai, Medes, Media.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4074

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מָדַי

noun proper feminine • Root מדד • Strongs / High • Page 813

The middle land, of Asia, Media, i.e., the land lying south of the Caspian Sea. The inhabitants are the Medes.

מָדַי

noun feminine • Strongs / High • Page 813

Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew מָדַי (Media).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִדֵּי

contraction • Page 357

A contraction of מַה־דֵּי what is enough. 2 Chr. 30: 3.

מִדַּי

noun • Root די • Page 357

See דַּי.

מָדַי

noun proper • Page 357

Media. Gentile noun is מָדַי a Mede. Gen. 10: 2. Dan. 5: 28. Est. 1: 3.

Conjunction, Noun proper name masculine

LXX: μήδων περσῶν μαδαι ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H4074:

μήδων 7× (36.4%)

περσῶν 4× (21.0%)

μαδαι 2× (10.5%)

'' 2× (8.8%)

μήδων 2× (8.8%)

ויון וְיָוָן

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

יון

Yâvân

Definition

Javan, the name of a son of Joktan, and of the race (Ionians, i.e. Greeks) descended from him, with their territory; also of a place in Arabia

Root

probably from the same as H3196 (יין); effervescing (i.e. hot and active);

Exhaustive

probably from the same as יין; effervescing (i.e. hot and active); Javan, the name of a son of Joktan, and of the race (Ionians, i.e. Greeks) descended from him, with their territory; also of a place in Arabia; Javan.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3120

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָוָן

proper noun / masculine • Strongs / High • Page 597

1. Javan, the fourth son of Japhet; by extension this name refers to the Hellenic race, the Ionians, and then all Greeks. 2. A city in Yemen, or the territory of Yemen generally.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָוָן

proper name • Page 278

The people and country of the Ionians, the tribe of the Greeks who lay nearest to the Shemitish nations.

יָוָן

proper name • Page 279

Greece; also a Greek. Mentioned in Joel 4:6. Also refers to a city in Arabia Felix (Ezek. 27:19).

Conjunction, Noun proper name masculine

LXX: ιωυαν ἑλλήνων

LXX Usage Statistics

H3120:

ιωυαν 4× (35.6%)

ἑλλήνων 4× (34.3%)

ותבל וְתֻבָל

She is Conducted ("Tubal")

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

תובל

Tûwbal

Definition

Tubal, a postdiluvian patriarch and his posterity

Root

or תבל; probably of foreign derivation;

Exhaustive

or תבל; probably of foreign derivation; Tubal, a postdiluvian patriarch and his posterity; Tubal.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8422

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

תּוּבַל

noun proper • Strongs / High • Page 1501

n. p. (also חֶבֶל) of a people constantly united with מֶשֶׁךְ, forming the Japhetic group of nations (Gen. 10, 2). Identified with the Tibarenes/Iberians.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

תּוּבַל

proper name • Page 708

The Tibarenes, a people of Asia Minor (Gen. 10:2; Is. 66:19; Ezek. 27:13; 32:26; 38:2, 3; 39:1).

Conjunction, Noun proper name masculine

LXX: θοβελ

LXX Usage Statistics

H8422:

θοβελ 7× (89.7%)

ומשך וּמֶשֶׁךְ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

משך

Meshek

Definition

Meshek, a son of Japheth, and the people descended from him

Root

the same in form as H4901 (משך), but probably of foreign derivation;

Exhaustive

the same in form as משך, but probably of foreign derivation; Meshek, a son of Japheth, and the people descended from him; Mesech, Meshech.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4902

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מֶ֫שֶׁךְ

noun masculine • Root משך • Consonantal / Medium • Page 919

1. a drawing out, of seed, i.e. what is sown along the furrows. 2. possession. 3. proper name of a son of Japhet, then of a Japhetic race (Meshech). 4. proper name of a branch of the Massaeans.

Matched via consonantal key only

מָשַׁךְ

verb • Root משך • Consonantal / Medium • Page 918

1. (transitive) to extend, draw, stretch at length; to draw in, out, after, or to; to lead. 2. (intransitive) to draw forth, draw out (in extended marches). Used in many idiomatic phrases, such as to draw a bow, blow a trumpet continuously, or prolong favor.

Matched via consonantal key only

מָשַׁךְ

verb • Root משך • Consonantal / Medium • Page 919

to be long protracted, to be unfulfilled; to be extended, to be tall.

Matched via consonantal key only

מָשַׁךְ

verb • Root משך • Consonantal / Medium • Page 919

1. to take, to hold, to lay hold of; to hold fast, to preserve; to hold, i.e. to lead; to possess. 2. (not used) to make fast, to fetter, to bind.

Matched via consonantal key only

מֹשַׁךְ

verb • Root משך • Consonantal / Medium • Page 918

(Pual of משך) to be drawn out, extended (inferred from its listed participles מְמֻשָּׁךְ, מְמֻשָּׁכָה).

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מֶשֶׁךְ

noun masculine • Root משך • Page 413

1. possession (Job 28:18). 2. the drawing out of seed, i.e. the scattering of it along (Ps. 126:6). 3. Moschians, the proper name of a nation inhabiting the Moschian mountains (Ps. 120:5; Gen. 10:2; Ezek. 27:13).

מָשַׁךְ

verb • Page 413

1. to seize, take (Ex. 12:21). 2. to hold, to hold fast (Judg. 5:14). 3. to draw (Judg. 4:7); to blow the jubilee horn (Josh. 6:5); to bend or stretch the bow (1 K. 22:34); to draw out seed, i.e. sow it (Am. 9:13); to stretch out the hand (Hos. 7:5). 4. to take or snatch away (Ps. 28:3). 5. to draw out, extend, prolong (Neh. 9:30; Ps. 36:11; Jer. 31:3). 6. to make durable, to strengthen (Ecc. 2:3). 7. to spread out (Judg. 4:6; Judg. 20:37).

Conjunction, Noun proper name masculine

LXX: μοσοχ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4902:

μοσοχ 6× (77.5%)

ותירסס וְתִירָס׃ס

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

תירס

Tîyrâç

Definition

Tiras, a son of Japheth

Root

probably of foreign derivation;

Exhaustive

probably of foreign derivation; Tiras, a son of Japheth; Tiras.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8494

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

תִּירָס

noun proper • Consonantal / Low • Page 1511

n. p. of the group of the Thracian peoples (Josephus, Jerome, Jer. Targ. I. and II.), Θρᾷκες, Gen. 10, 2. People who dwelt between Haemus and the Aegean Sea.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

תִּירָס

noun masculine • Page 714

Name of a northern tribe of the race of Japheth. Gen. 10:2. Suggested to be related to Thrace.

Conjunction, Noun proper name masculine

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H8494:

No stats available

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
The sons of Japheth: Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech and Tiras.

LITV Translation:
The sons of Japheth: Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
The sons of Japheth, Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Elisa, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras.