1 Chronicles 1:33

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ובני וּבְנֵי

and sons

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

בן

bên

Definition

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)

Root

from H1129 (בנה);

Exhaustive

from בנה; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.); [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1121

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בֵּן

masc. noun • Root בין • Strongs / High • Page 253

1. A child, begotten, born, often without distinction of sex (frequently pluralized as children). 2. Specifically, a son, a male child (opposite daughter). 3. Used metaphorically to denote personal characteristics (virtuous or vicious personality, heir of virtue/vice) or objects (e.g., young animals, plants, or inanimate objects). 4. A grandson; also used as boy, youth, prince, heir to the throne.

Conjunction, Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX: υἱοὶ υἱὸσ υἱῶν υἱοῦ υἱοῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1121a:

υἱοὶ 1075× (22.0%)

υἱὸσ 753× (16.8%)

υἱῶν 607× (12.2%)

υἱοῦ 368× (8.1%)

υἱοῖσ 329× (6.1%)

υἱοὺσ 292× (5.7%)

υἱὸν 213× (4.6%)

--- 116× (2.6%)

υἱὲ 96× (2.2%)

'' 84× (1.6%)

מדין מִדְיָ֗ן

Strife/Quarrel/Midian

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מדין

Midyân

Definition

Midjan, a son of Abraham; also his country and (collectively) his descendants

Root

the same as H4079 (מדין);

Exhaustive

the same as מדין; Midjan, a son of Abraham; also his country and (collectively) his descendants; Midian, Midianite.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4080

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מִדְיָן

noun proper • Strongs / High • Page 813

A son of Abraham by Keturah; also an Arabian tribe, the Midianites.

מִדְיָן

noun masculine / noun proper • Root דין • Strongs / High • Page 814

1. Contention (only in plural). 2. Proper name of a son of Abraham by Keturah; then of a tribe.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִדְיָן

noun masculine • Root דין • Page 357

Found only in the plur. מִדְיָנִים, strife, contention. Prov. 18: 18. 19: 13.

מִדְיָן

f. pr. name • Page 357

Midian, proper name of an Arabian tribe, near mount Sinai. Gen. 37: 28. Judg. 7: 12.

Noun proper name masculine

LXX: μαδιαμ μαδιαν μαδιηναῖοι

LXX Usage Statistics

H4080:

μαδιαμ 48× (73.4%)

μαδιαν 8× (12.3%)

μαδιηναῖοι 2× (2.2%)

עיפה עֵיפָה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עיפה

ʻÊyphâh

Definition

Ephah, the name of a son of Midian, and of the region settled by him; also of an Israelite and of an Israelitess

Root

the same as H5890 (עיפה);

Exhaustive

the same as עיפה; Ephah, the name of a son of Midian, and of the region settled by him; also of an Israelite and of an Israelitess; Ephah.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5891

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עֵיפָה

verb • Root עוף • Strongs / High • Page 1083

To be veiled, covered; figuratively: to languish, succumb powerless, to gape, pant with thirst, to pine; to be weary, tired; to be gloomy, dark.

עֵיפָה

noun feminine • Strongs / High • Page 1083

1. prop. a veiling or covering, hence darkness, obscurity. 2. n. p. of an Arab-tribe beside Midian, who were a commercial medium of exchange. 3. n. p. m. 4. n. p. f.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עֵיפָה

f. verbal • Root עוף • Page 505

1. darkness. Amos 4:13; Job 10:22. 2. name of a Midianitish country and people. Gen. 25:4; Is. 60:6; 1 Chr. 1:33.

Noun proper name masculine

LXX: γαιφα

LXX Usage Statistics

H5891:

γαιφα 5× (100.0%)

ועפר וָעֵפֶר

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

עפר

ʻÊpher

Definition

Epher, the name of an Arabian and of two Israelites

Root

probably a variation of H6082 (עפר); gazelle;

Exhaustive

probably a variation of עפר; gazelle; Epher, the name of an Arabian and of two Israelites; Epher.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6081

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עָפֵר

verb • Root עפר • Consonantal / Low • Page 1117

(II. Not used) Transitive: 1. To string together, to bind, to join. 2. Metaphor: To be strong, vigorous, spirited, proceeding from the idea of being pressed together.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

עָפֵר

verb • Root עפר • Consonantal / Low • Page 1117

(III. Not used) Intransitive: To grow white, gray, identical with חָוַר.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

עָפֶר

noun proper masculine • Root עפר • Consonantal / Low • Page 1118

3. (From עָפַר II.; strength, power) n. p. m. A proper name.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

עָפַר

verb • Root עפר • Consonantal / Low • Page 1117

(I. Not used) Intransitive: To be rubbed fine, to be broken in small pieces, of dust, dry bruised earth, or rubbish; ident. with אָפַר I, כָּפַר I in fundamental signification.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

עָפַר

noun proper masculine • Root עפר • Consonantal / Low • Page 1118

A proper name (same as עָפָל).

Matched after stripping common prefixes

עָפָר

noun masculine • Root עפר • Consonantal / Low • Page 1118

Dust, a dry, bruised, crushed part of earth (out of which the body of the first man was formed); hence 1. dust; 2. dry earth, clay; 3. sand; 4. earth generally; 5. something earthly, transitory, or a corpse.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

עֹפֶר

noun masculine • Root עפר • Consonantal / Low • Page 1118

Properly a young, vigorous animal, e. g. a young deer, a young roe, called so from strength (calf, young goat, etc.).

Matched after stripping common prefixes

Conjunction, Noun proper name masculine

LXX: οφερ αφερ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6081:

οφερ 2× (52.1%)

αφερ 2× (47.9%)

וחנוך וַחֲנוֹךְ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

חנוך

Chănôwk

Definition

Chanok, an antediluvian patriach

Root

from H2596 (חנך); initiated;

Exhaustive

from חנך; initiated; Chanok, an antediluvian patriach; Enoch.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2585

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חֲנוֹךְ

noun proper • Root חנך • Strongs / High • Page 503

Enoch, a proper name of: 1. the son of Cain. 2. the father of Methuselah. 3. a son of Reuben. 4. a son of Midian and therefore of a Midianite tribe.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חֲנוֹךְ

m. proper name • Page 237

Initiated or initiating. 1. The son of Cain (Gen. 4:17). 2. The father of Methuselah, taken away on account of his piety (Gen. 5:18-24).

Conjunction, Noun proper name masculine

LXX: ενωχ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2585:

ενωχ 16× (94.6%)

ואבידע וַאֲבִידָע

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אבידע

ʼĂbîydâʻ

Definition

Abida, a son of Abraham by Keturah

Root

from H1 (אב) and H3045 (ידע); father of knowledge (i.e. knowing);

Exhaustive

from אב and ידע; father of knowledge (i.e. knowing); Abida, a son of Abraham by Keturah; Abida, Abidah.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H28

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֲבִידָע

noun proper masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 49

'Ab is knowing; proper name masculine (son of Midian); also a proper name of a Midianite tribe.

Conjunction, Noun proper name masculine

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0028:

No stats available

ואלדעה וְאֶלְדָּעָה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אלדעה

ʼEldâʻâh

Definition

Eldaah, a son of Midian

Root

from H410 (אל) and H3045 (ידע); God of knowledge;

Exhaustive

from אל and ידע; God of knowledge; Eldaah, a son of Midian; Eldaah.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H420

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֶלְדָּעָה

noun proper • Lemma_Lookup • Page 131

Proper name of a Midianitish-Arabic tribe. Gen. 25, 4; 1 Chr. 1, 33.

Conjunction, Noun proper name masculine

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0420:

No stats available

כל כָּל־

all

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כל

kôl

Definition

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

Root

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from H3634 (כלל);

Exhaustive

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from כלל; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense); (in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3605

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כֹּל

noun / masculine • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 695

Properly 'all, whole, totality'. 1. Used adjectivally to mean 'all' or 'the whole of', as in 'all the earth'. 2. Describes a plurality of individual persons or things, translated as 'all'.

כֹּל

substantive / adverb • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 696

A substantive meaning all, the whole, every, any. When used with a negative, it means none at all. It can also function as an adverb meaning wholly or altogether.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כֹּל

chald. • Page 316

Same as Hebrew (all, every). Often appears with Makkeph as -כֹּל. References: Dan. 2:40, 4:9, 18, 25.

כֹּל

m. verbal • Root כלל • Page 315

A substantive meaning 'all', 'the whole', or 'totality'. Frequently used as an adjective (Jer. 33:8). 1. all. 2. every one.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: πάντα πᾶσ πάντεσ πᾶν πάντασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3605:

πάντα 921× (17.0%)

πᾶσ 451× (8.4%)

πάντεσ 441× (8.4%)

πᾶν 351× (6.5%)

πάντασ 297× (5.6%)

πᾶσαν 267× (4.9%)

πάντων 242× (4.4%)

πάσασ 230× (4.4%)

--- 227× (4.5%)

πᾶσα 214× (4.0%)

אלה אֵלֶּה

these/mighty-one/goddess

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אלה

ʼâlâh

Definition

an imprecation

Root

from H422 (אלה);

Exhaustive

from אלה; an imprecation; curse, cursing, execration, oath, swearing.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H423

אלה

ʼêlâh

Definition

an oak or other strong tree

Root

feminine of H352 (איל);

Exhaustive

lemma אלה first vowel, corrected to אלה; feminine of איל; an oak or other strong tree; elm, oak, teil-tree.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H424

אלה

ʼêl-leh

Definition

these or those

Root

prolonged from H411 (אל);

Exhaustive

prolonged from אל; these or those; an-(the) other; one sort, so, some, such, them, these (same), they, this, those, thus, which, who(-m).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H428

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָלָה

verb • Root אל • Strongs_Numbers • Page 132

I. 1. To be strong, powerful, stout (intr.); 2. To strengthen, to swear, confirm by an oath (tr.); 3. To curse (not used); 4. To be fat.

אָלָה

noun feminine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 132

1. An oath (allied in sense is שְׁבֻעָה); 2. A covenant confirmed by an oath; 3. Curse, imprecation, connected with exclamations of swearing.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֵלֶּה

pronoun • Page 51

these, employed as the plural of זֶה (zeh) and זאת (zot). Ref: Judg. 6:11, 19; 1 Sam. 17:2, 19; 2 Sam. 18:9, 14; Ezek. 31:14.

אֵלֶּה

chald. pron. plur. • Page 51

Chaldee equivalent of the Hebrew אֵלֶּה (these). Ref: Jer. 10:11.

אָלָה

f. verbal / dec. x • Root אלה • Page 50

1. oath; 2. particularly a covenant confirmed by an oath (Gen. 26:28); 3. imprecation, curse (Num. 5:21).

אָלָה

verb • Page 50

1. to swear (1 K. 8:31); 2. to curse (Judg. 17:2). Hiph. to cause to swear (1 K. 8:31).

אָלָה

verb • Page 50

to lament (Joel 1:8). Equivalent to Syriac usage.

אֵלָה

f. verbal / dec. x • Root אל • Page 50

turpentine-tree, pistacia terebinthus. A common tree in Palestine growing to considerable height with evergreen leaves and clustering fruit (Gen. 35:4).

Particle demonstrative

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0423:

No stats available

H0424:

No stats available

H0428:

No stats available

בני בְּנֵי

sons/my son

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בן

bên

Definition

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)

Root

from H1129 (בנה);

Exhaustive

from בנה; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.); [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1121

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בֵּן

masc. noun • Root בין • Strongs / High • Page 253

1. A child, begotten, born, often without distinction of sex (frequently pluralized as children). 2. Specifically, a son, a male child (opposite daughter). 3. Used metaphorically to denote personal characteristics (virtuous or vicious personality, heir of virtue/vice) or objects (e.g., young animals, plants, or inanimate objects). 4. A grandson; also used as boy, youth, prince, heir to the throne.

Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX: υἱοὶ υἱὸσ υἱῶν υἱοῦ υἱοῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1121a:

υἱοὶ 1075× (22.0%)

υἱὸσ 753× (16.8%)

υἱῶν 607× (12.2%)

υἱοῦ 368× (8.1%)

υἱοῖσ 329× (6.1%)

υἱοὺσ 292× (5.7%)

υἱὸν 213× (4.6%)

--- 116× (2.6%)

υἱὲ 96× (2.2%)

'' 84× (1.6%)

קטורהס קְטוּרָה׃ס

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

קטורה

Qᵉṭûwrâh

Definition

Keturah, a wife of Abraham

Root

feminine passive participle of H6999 (קטר); perfumed;

Exhaustive

feminine passive participle of קטר; perfumed; Keturah, a wife of Abraham; Keturah.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6989

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קְטּוּרָה

noun proper • Root קטר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1272

n. p. (proper name) of a second wife or concubine of Abraham (fragrance, sweet savour), progenitress of an Arabian tribe.

Matched via consonantal key only

Noun proper name feminine

LXX: χεττουρασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6989:

χεττουρασ 2× (51.9%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And the sons of Midian: Ephah, and Epher and Henoch, and Abidah, and Eldaah: All these the sons of Keturah.

LITV Translation:
And the sons of Midian: Ephah and Epher, and Henoch, and Abida, and Eldaah. All these are the sons of Keturah.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
and the sons of Midian; Ephah, and Epher, and Hanoch, and Abida, and Eldaah; all these were the sons of Keturah.